Family Forestry in Finland
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Family Forestry in Finland
STRUCTURE OF LAND USE IN FINLAND, 2014-2016
Total land area 30 390 thous.ha, forest land area 20 150 thous.ha
Forest land
66,2%
Other land
15,9%
Agricultural land
8,9%
Other wooded land
9,0%
Source: Natural Resources Institute Finland
PEFC/02-44-03WHO OWNS FINNISH FOREST LAND?
Share of forest area, %
Private families 62%*
Wage & salary earners Pensioners
15% 21%
Other private
Farmers 5%
15%
Other (e.g. municipalities
5% and parishes)
Entrepreneurs
5%
Forest Industry State
9% 25%
So u rce: Natu ral Reso u rces In stitu te F in lan d
PEFC/02-44-03FOREST OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN FINLAND
100% 5 5
10 6
10 9 9
12
80%
17 21 26
Others
60% Forest
Industry
State
40% 78 Priv ate
68 64 60
20%
0%
COMMERCIAL ANNUAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION
FELLINGS/year INCREMENT GROWING STOCK FOREST AREA
60 MILL. M3 109,9 MILL. M3 2464 MILL. M3 20,1 MILL. HA
Source: Natural Resources Institute Finland
PEFC/02-44-03Family Forestry is characterised by
‒ Multiobjectivity
→ family forestry incorporates multiple values and functions
‒ Over-generational thinking
→ the needs of future generations are constantly borne in mind and the forest holding is
handed down to the next generation in a further improved condition
‒ Various benefits and services provided to the society
→ e.g. Everyman's Right - the forests and waters are free for everyone to visit and enjoy
PEFC/02-44-03Number of Private Forest Holdings by Size Classes 31 Dec 2013
forest holdings w ith forestry fee 301 181 units, average size 34,4 ha
1000 units
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
500
hectares
Source: National Board of Taxes
PEFC/02-44-03Family forest owners’ priorities
MTK promotes sustainable family forestry in accordance with the following
principles:
→ Landowners’ constitutional rights are respected
→ Forest owners have the right and the opportunity to manage and use their forests in compliance with their
objectives
→ Forestry is economically profitable
→ Forests are managed in compliance with the principles of sustainable forestry
→ All forest owners regardless of the size and location of forest has to have access to advisory and
management services
PEFC/02-44-03Forest Management
‒ Wood production and protection of biodiversity combined
‒ Only domestic species used -> spruce, pine and birch account for 97 % of
growing stock
‒ One tree stand (< 2 ha) treated at a time
‒ Long rotation period (60 – 120 years)
‒ Normally 2-3 thinnings and final felling -> forest management methods will
diversify in the future
‒ => 80 – 90 % of the forest management activities in private forests are carried
out by FMAs (= forest owners’ associations)
PEFC/02-44-03TIMBER BALANCE IN FINLAND
mill.m3 mill.m3
120 120
110 110
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
1955 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15
Total drain Growth, 5-yr. average *
* Growth incl. industrial roundwood (logs and pulpwood). In
So u rce: Natu ral Reso u rces In stitu te F in lan d addition, annual harvesting potential of energy wood (i.e. logging
residues and stumps) is 10-15 mill. m3.
PEFC/02-44-03MTK Organisation
RURAL
ENTREPRENEURS FOREST
FARMERS OWNERS
~ 331 000 members
Local Farmers Associations Forest management
(359) associations (FMA) (75)
REGIONAL FARMERS PROAGRIA ADVISORY FUR BREEDERS´ JOINT FOREST
UNIONS (14) CENTRES ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION
THE OFFICE OF THE CENTRAL UNION OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCERS AND FOREST OWNERS (MTK)
Maaseudun Tulevaisuus (Newspaper)MTK - the Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners It… - was founded in 1917 under Russian rule − supervises the interests of farmers, forest owners and rural entrepreneurs at national, EU and global level; − represents its members and related industries that use renewable natural resources in a sustainable way; and − has ca. 331 000 members. PEFC/02-44-03
MTK - the Central Union of Agricultural
Producers and Forest Owners
‒ A national central organisation of private forest owners, ~ 100 workers
• to influence forest policy legislation
• to protect the interests of the Forest Management Associations
• to look after the private forest owners' interests in timber trade
• Strategic management of FO organisation
‒ MTK has no position to oblige FMAs – all co-operation is based on
voluntariness
‒ 30 % of operating costs is covered by membership fees, 70 % by
capital income
PEFC/02-44-03The role of FMAs
Forest owners’ service organisation on local level:
‒ FMAs are working in a close co-operation with the forest owners in all
matters related to forests:
‒ forest management services (harvesting, regeneration, ditching etc.)
‒ training and planning services
‒ timber sales services
‒ practical organiser of PEFC group certification
‒ 80% of the forest management activities in private forests are carried out by FMAs
‒ 70% of preliminary planning of timber sales
‒ Employ 1000 officials and 400 permanent forest workers
‒ Employ also high number of contractors and entrepreneurs
‒ Activities financed by membership fee and business activities
‒ New FMA law (in force from 1.1.2015) is based on voluntariness and provides level playing field for
all service providers. Forest management associations are still statutory organisations.
‒ Has enabled new models of cooperation between FMAs and forest industry
PEFC/02-44-03Forest management associations have a big role on timber
markets
FMAs draw up 70 % of plans for timber sales
• Defining cutting areas, identifying valuable habitats and other necessary details
• Field work, marking off the cutting area, marking off the valuable flora and fauna and trees not to be cut
• Regeneration method selection
• Timber amount and price estimates
• Forest use declaration
FMAs make 40 % of the forestry sales on behalf of forest owners (power of attorney)
• Tender bid and comparison
• Forest owner always makes the final decision
• Contracts
• Supervision of harvesting and measuring
• Supplying information to forest owner
PEFC/02-44-03Family forestry manage for both wood production and
biodiversity
‒ Forest owners invest 50-65 million € per year in forest environment and
biodiversity
‒ Forest Act, §10: Habitats of special importance for biodiversity shall be
preserved
• 100 000 sites in family forests
• 50 000 - 60 000 has not included in the statistics on protected area
Evaluation of environmental quality of forest operation 2010:
• 95 % excellent or good
‒ 85 % of family forests are certified according to PEFC
PEFC/02-44-03You can also read
