Living on the Moon Future City 2020-2021 Theme Webinar - October 20th, 2020
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Living on the Moon
Future City 2020-2021 Theme Webinar
October 20th, 2020
The webinar will begin in a moment…
Living on the Moon
Future City 2020-2021 Theme Webinar
October 20th, 2020
Housekeeping
• Today we are using the Zoom webinar platform.
• If the sound quality is not good, you can switch from your computer audio
to calling in by phone
• Just select the option next to the microphone icon.
• This recording will be posted later this week on futurecity.org/resources.
• Survey following the webinar—please respond!
Housekeeping How to ask a question • Participant microphones are muted for webinar quality. • Type your questions in the “Q&A” space in the webinar control panel. • Q&A session is at the end of all 3 presentations. • Today’s webinar is about the Moon theme. Visit FutureCity.org for details on the competition.
• Mission: Lead a growing volunteer • Visit DiscoverE.org for:
movement that inspires and informs • Classroom activities
present and future generations to • Career exploration
discover engineering. • Engineering Videos
• Engineers Week resources
• Each year, DiscoverE hosts programs • At home engineering content
and creates resources that
educators and volunteers can use to
inspire future engineers.
Thank You to Future City’s Generous Sponsors
Finals Sponsors
Thank You to Future City’s Generous Sponsors
Finals Sponsors
Program Sponsors
Thank You to Future City’s Generous Sponsors
Finals Sponsors
Program Sponsors
City Essay Sponsor
The material contained in this document is based
upon work supported by a National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) grant or cooperative
agreement. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are
those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the
views of NASA.
Today’s Panelists 1. Dan Koval (host) - Corporate Initiatives Manager (Bentley Systems) 2. Ron Creel - Thermal control engineer (Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle) 3. James Schier - Chief Architect (NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation Program) 4. Dr. Lisa Watson-Morgan - Aerospace engineer and Program Manager (NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center)
Introducing Our Host
Dan Koval
Corporate Initiatives Manager
Bentley Systems, Inc.
• 13 years at Bentley Systems
• Graduate of Leadership Chester County
• Past Future City Team Mentor
• www.Bentley.comSpeaker Introduction: Ron Creel
• Mechanical and systems engineer
• Worked on thermal control
engineering on the Apollo Lunar
Roving Vehicle
• Now supports the next generation
of innovators“Living on the Moon” Challenges for Future City
Apollo 11 - 50th Anniversary - 2019 LRV Thermal Model Mission Support Console - 1972
Ron Creel
Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)
Thermal Control and Mobility Team Member
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 1 of 9Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle - My NASA Project
Thermal Control of the Deployed
“Barbeque” On the
Way to the Moon
2 Person Rover All Control And
Maintain
Carried to the Display
Surfaces
Moon in Lunar Console
Within
Module
Astronaut Insulated
Weighed 77 Front Panel,
Touch Astronauts
Pounds on the Exterior DustDeployed Folded Rover from
Constraints
Moon Lunar Module Onto the Moon
Degraded
Sun-based Control and
Navigation Display
System Console
Max Speed of Insulated
11 miles/hour
Front Panel,
Forward Chassis Electronics Mobility
Maintain All Exterior Dust
Surfaces Within Insulate / Isolate from Dust Exterior Dust Degraded
Astronaut Store Generated Heat In Degraded
Touch Batteries / Wax Boxes Maximize Internal Luminous Dials
Constraints Conduction
roving.ron@gmail.com
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 2 of 9NASA Apollo Moonwalkers
Astronaut
“Silver Snoopy"
Awarded for Rover D
Driving on
R D D R -1
Mission Support R the Moon
Video
Thermal Modeling
D = Driver
R = Rider
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 3 of 9Do Have “Living on the Moon” Challenges for Future City
Don’t Have
Space Vacuum Environment North
Atmosphere to
1/6 Earth Gravity Provide Oxygen
≈ 15 Days with Sun and Van Allen Belts to
≈ 15 Days without Sun Capture Harmful Sun Rays
Washed Out Terrain Visibility
Near Lunar Noon Time Building Materials
Temperature Extremes (Only Available Regolith)
+253 o F Daytime
West East
Maximum and Landing Pads or Roadways
-325 o F Nighttime for Transportation
Minimum
Potential Meteorite Electrical Power Supply
Bombardment
Thousands of Boulders Major Water Supply
and Small/Shallow and
Large/Deep Craters Grocery Stores
Hazardous Dust Everywhere South Waste Treatment Facilities
roving.ron@gmail.com
Details On Next 4 Slides Slide 15 of 9The Moon Does Not Have an Atmosphere Like The Earth Has
Space Vacuum Environment
Moon
Earth’s
Atmosphere
Earth
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 5 of 9Moon Surface Temperature versus Latitude and Time
Stowed Rovers Were Protected from Attitude Thruster 260/127
and Landing Engine Plumes, and Stirred Up Lunar Dust
170/77
Surface Temperature (≈ Deg. F/C)
80/27
-10/-23
-100/-73
-3
Latitudes
-190/-123
-280/-173
Astronauts Lowered Protective Shield and
Lunar Module is Ready to Land with Unfolded the Rover from LM Lander -370/-223
Repeating 29.5 Day Cycles
Shield and Plume Protectors Shown in Red
-460/-273
roving.ron@gmail.com Page 3 of 7
roving.ron@gmail.com Page 6 of 9The Van Allen Belts Protect the Earth from Damaging Solar Wind Particles – Not So on the Moon
By trapping the solar wind, the magnetic field deflects those energetic particles
and protects the atmosphere from destruction.
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 7 of 9Thousands of Boulders, Craters, and Lunar Dust Are Everywhere on the Moon
Plenty of Boulders Craters As Far As You Can See
roving.ron@gmail.com Moving About on the Moon Stirs Up Dust Slide 8 of 9So, Let’s Get Going on Your “Living on the Moon” Projects !
Apollo 17 Commander Gene Cernan and Earth
in Picture Taken by Jack Schmitt on the Moon
roving.ron@gmail.com Slide 9 of 9Speaker Introduction: James Schier
• Chief Architect for NASA’s Space
Communications and Navigation
Program, at NASA HQ
• Background in Computer Science and
Electrical Engineering
• Leads analysis of the evolution of NASA’s
space networks for science and human
explorationFuture City Competition:
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Resources for Human Habitation
Jim Schier
Chief Architect for Space Communications and Navigation
Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate
www.nasa.gov2001: A Space Odyssey (1967) – Clavius Base The most technically accurate depiction of a Moon Base in the 1960s
Regenerative Fuel Cell stores power by
breaking H2O into H2 & O2, then
Resources for Human Habitation generates power by burning H2 & O2
• What is available on (or very close to) the surface of
the Moon that we can use to build a lunar colony?
• Sunlight produces Electrical Power from solar arrays
• Regolith (lunar equivalent of dirt)
• Water (ice)
Breccia is lunar rock broken Water (ice) was deposited by comet
into tiny/microscopic pieces and meteor impacts and accumulated
by billions of years of in polar craters over billions of years
day/night thermal cycles
Dynetics concept for NASA’s Human Landing
System shows vertical solar arrays to collect
sunlight when the Sunday is almost on the horizonResources: Regolith • Regolith can be used to produce: • Landing pads with berms and Roads • Structures (bricks, walls, floors, ceilings) • Furniture (like chairs) • Radiation Shielding • …but requires LOTS of work (digging, transporting, refining, and manufacturing) Will that be cheaper than bringing finished goods from Earth?
Extracting Materials from Regolith
Mining robot
delivers regolith to
Lunar Oxygen
Extraction testbed.
Concept of a bio-tech cycle
for extraction of rocket fuel,
oxygen and food production
at a lunar outpost.
Pennsylvania State
University team printed a
dome as part of NASA’s 3D-
Printed Habitat Challenge.
Lunar
construction
conceptsResources: Water (ice)
• Water (ice) can be used for:
• Drinking, bathing & cleaning
• Growing & cooking food
• Cooling (air conditioning)
• Rocket fuel (separate water into
oxygen and hydrogen)
• Breathing (oxygen)
• Radiation protection
• Power storage (regen fuel cell)
• Solvent (for manufacturing)
Ice appears to be located in polar
craters near absolute zero degrees
In situ Resource Utilization
• Extract ice from regolith
• Electrolyze water into oxygen and hydrogenInitial Artemis Moon Base Needs These Things • Future cities will grow out of the initial Artemis Moon Base
Unknown Effects • What is the effect of 1/6th gravity on humans? • Plants? • Chemical and manufacturing processes? • What is the cumulative effect of living off the Earth your whole lifetime? • Youngest astronaut (so far): Age 29 • Things we’ve never had in space: Hospital. Playground. • Answer: We don’t know! • Number of space cities designed by NASA: 0 • The only conclusion we can make today is that we have to study all of these and learn what happens. • Better include some laboratories to study how to live and work on the Moon!
Least Likely Ways to Die on the Moon • Eaten by a giant, fiendish Moon Spider!!! • Drowning
Speaker Introduction: Dr. Lisa Watson-Morgan
• Aerospace engineer and manager at
NASA’s Marshal Space Flight Center
• Program Manager for the Human Landing
System; overseeing the lander that will
bring the first woman and the next man
to the Moon
• 30-year NASA veteranHuman Landing System Living on the Moon Lisa Watson-Morgan, Program Manager
Earth, Space & Moon
• Earth
– Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that allow life
on Earth to exist; gravity keeps our atmosphere from
going into space
• Space
– Starts about 100 km above Earth ~ 62 miles
– Space is a vacuum – cold empty place
• Moon
– Approximately 238,900 miles away
– Only outer space body that humans have landed
– Moon has no atmosphere so asteroids (large rocks)
smash into it and create craters (Water ice is there)
– Rotates in sync with the Earth (means we always see
the same side) – the near sideWhat do I need to live and survive on Earth?
Mission Needs Drive Design
What do I need to live and survive on the Moon?
On the Surface of the Moon
Lunar Dust Power
Extreme Extreme
Access EnvironmentsTechnologies for Living in Space
• Recycle shower water, waste water into drinking water
• Oxygen generation system recycles the air and filters the
carbon dioxide
• Food – dehydrate food to make it weigh less during launch
• 3D Printer to make tools and parts
• Batteries, solar arrays, power systems
Waste
Management
Life Support
Thermal Amine System
Food Water
3D Printer ScrubberSPACE ORION
LAUNCH
SYSTEM
0689• 230 miles above Earth
• Travelling at 17,500 miles per hour
• Goes around the Earth 16 times per day
• Provides a micro-gravity science lab for experiments
• Astronauts have lived and worked there for 20 years
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATIONThe Earth & Moon • Moon is Earth’s satellite – it is 238,900 miles away • What is a satellite? Rotates in sync with the Earth (means we always see the same side) – the near side • Only outer space body that humans have landed • Moon has no atmosphere so asteroids (large rocks) smash into it and create craters •What is an atmosphere? Blanket of gases protecting a planet. Earth has one. • How did the moon form? A large planet/asteroid smashed into Earth so hard that it slung a mass off
How big is the International Space Station?
Concepts of Operations
Moon
Landing Landing Ascent Landing Ascent
Reusable Surface Stay Surface Stay Surface Stay
Elements 6.5 days 6.5 days 6.5 days
LLO Low Lunar Orbit
LOI Departure 100 km Circular
Single Element Two Elements Three Elements
Arrival Arrival Gateway
Departure
Orion Loiter
Lunar Lunar
Transit Transit
120 days 120 days
(TBR)
Orion
DAE
Multiple launches
Orion
Multiple launches
Orion
Multiple launches
Orion
TE DE AE
EARTH 47Questions
• Type your questions in the “Q&A” space in the webinar control
panel.
• Direct each question to a particular panelist or multiple panelists.
Ron Creel Dr. Lisa Watson-Morgan
James SchierGood luck with your cities! • Thank you for joining us! • Don’t forget to answer the short survey after the webinar. • Send any questions/comments to Info@FutureCity.org.
Good luck with your cities!
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