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MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
FORM 5–6
SUBJECT CODE:
2015 - 2022
Curriculum Development
And Technical Services © All Rights Reserved
P.O. Box MP 133 Copyright (2015)
Mount Pleasant
Harare
iACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued contribution in the
production of this syllabus:
Panellists for Form 5 and 6 level Chemistry syllabus
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)
Government Departments
Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation(UNESCO)
1Acknowledgements......................................... 1
1.0 Preamble .......................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ......................................... 1
1.2 Rationale ............................................ 1
1.3 Summary ............................................ 1
1.4 Assumptions ............................................ 2
1.5 Cross-cutting themes.............. ..................... 2
2.0 Presentation of Syllabus............................. 2
3.0 Aims .............................................. 2
4.0 Objectives ............................................... 3
5.0 Methodology and time allocation.................... 3
6.0 Topics ............................................... 4
7.0 Scope and Sequence...................................... 5
8.0 Competency matrix.......................................... 4
9.0 Assessment......................................................49
(a) Assessment Objective .....................................50
(b) Scheme of assessment ...................................51
(c) Specification ...................................................52
10.0 Glossary/Appendices .....................................55
21. PREAMBLE Problem solving
Critical thinking
1.1. Introduction Decision making
Production
This two year syllabus is designed to put greater Research
emphasis on the understanding and application Conflict resolution
of chemistry concepts and principles in an Leadership
environmental friendly and sustainable manner. Self-management
It makes learners identify and solve problems Communication
practically in a scientific manner. The Form 5 Technological innovation
and 6Chemistry syllabus is inclusively made to Enterprise
cater for all categories of learners in an
increasingly technological world.
1.3. Summary of content
1.2. Rationale
Form 5 and 6 Chemistry syllabus will cover
Chemistry plays a pivotal role in the theory and practical activities in the following
technological development of any country since areas:
it is embedded in our everyday life. Physical Chemistry
The study of Chemistry enables learners to be Inorganic Chemistry
creative and innovative in industry and society Organic Chemistry
by promoting the application of Chemistry in Applied Chemistry
industrial processes for value addition,
beneficiation of natural resources and
harnessing of available opportunities for
entrepreneurship.
The Chemistry syllabus enables learners to
develop the following skills:
1.4. Assumptions
3The Form 5 and 6 Chemistry syllabus is a single
It is assumed that learner:
document covering Forms 5 and 6.
have passed ‘O’ level Chemistry
are familiar with ICT Tools and Braille/Jaws
software 3.0 AIMS
have passed ‘O’ level Mathematics
are familiar with laboratory apparatus The aims are to:
are aware of laboratory safety precautions enable learners to develop fundamental principles of
Chemistry for application in life and as a basis for
1.5. Cross- Cutting Themes further studies in Chemistry and related disciplines.
The Chemistry learning area encompasses the inculcate in learners the need for safety and
cross cutting themes listed below: protection of the environment in the study of
Inclusivity Chemistry.
Environmental issues create opportunities for learners to acquire research,
Indigenous knowledge system
Enterprise Education experimental, practical, enterprising and
Life skills technological skills in Chemistry.
Team work
Food security appreciate the usefulness and limitations of the
Safety and health issues scientific method in the study of Chemistry.
Disaster and risk management
HIV/ AIDS stimulate in learners the desire to apply Chemistry for
the benefit of society as guided by the principles of
Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu.
2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS
4 promote awareness that the applications of
5.1 Methodology
Chemistry may be both beneficial and detrimental to
the individual and the community. Some of the learner centred and multi-sensory
methodologies used in the teaching and learning of
develop in learners the appreciation of the use of
Chemistry are suggested below. The principles of
Chemistry in value creation, addition and individualisation, concreteness, totality and wholeness,
stimulation and hands-on experience should guide the
beneficiation.
teachers as they employ the suggested methods:
Demonstrations
Experimentation
2. SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES Research
Models
Learners should be able to:
Site visits
follow instructions in practical work Simulations
make and record observations Seminars
use ICT Tools and Braille/Jaws software to simulate Discovery
Chemistry phenomena Exhibitions
apply safety measures in all practical work Work related learning
present, analyse and interpret data to establish
5.2 Time Allocation
relationships
demonstrate knowledge on facts, laws, definitions and For adequate coverage of the syllabus, a time allocation of 8
concepts of Chemistry theory 40minutes periods and a block of 4 practical periods
measure and express quantities to a given level of per week is recommended. Learners should be engaged in at
accuracy and precision least one Educational Tour per term, one exhibition per year,
design a practical solution to a real life problem using and an attachment of one week in any chemical related
knowledge of Chemistry industry during the course
5.0 Methodology and Time Allocation
56.0 TOPICS
6.1 Physical Chemistry: 6.3 Organic Chemistry:
- Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry - Hydrocarbons
- Atomic structure - Halogen derivatives
- Chemical bonding - Hydroxy compounds
- States of matter - Carbonyl compounds
- Chemical energetics - Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Electrochemistry - Nitrogen compounds
- Equilibria - Polymerisation
- Reaction kinetics
6.4 Applied Chemistry
6.2 Inorganic Chemistry: - Transition Elements
- Phase Equilibria
- Chemical Periodicity of period 3 - Environmental Chemistry
- Chemistry of Group II elements - Nano Chemistry
- Chemistry of Group IV elements
- Chemistry of Group VII elements
6- Chemistry of Nitrogen and Sulphur
7.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART
FORM 5 AND FORM 6
1TOPIC FORM 5 FORM 6
7.1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:
Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry Relative masses of atoms and Stoichiometric reaction ratios
molecules Titration
Mass spectra Percentage yield and percentage
The mole and Avogadro constant purity
Empirical and molecular formulae
Stoichiometric calculations
Atomic structure Sub-atomic particles
Electronic configurations
Ionisation energy
Chemical bonding Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding
Bond reactivity
Dative bonding
Shapes of molecules
Metallic bonding
States of matter Intermolecular forces
Gaseous state
Liquid state
Solid state
Chemical energetics Enthalpy changes
Hess’ Law and Born-Haber cycles
Charge density
Electrochemistry Redox processes Redox titration
Electrode potentials Fuel cells
Electrolysis of acidified water Quantitative electrolysis
Electrolytic purification of copper/nickel
Extraction of aluminium
2FORM 5 SYLLABUS
8.0COMPETENCY MATRIX
8.1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
Atoms, Molecules and explain the terms relative Relative masses of Defining the terms relative A Level
Stoichiometry atomic, isotopic, molecular atoms and atomic, isotopic, molecular Science Kit
and formula masses. and formula masses.
molecules Analysing mass spectra
Periodic
analyse mass spectra in Calculating relative atomic table charts
terms of isotopic Mass spectra mass from given mass Mass
abundances and molecular spectra and isotopic spectra
fragments. abundances. charts
Calculating number of
relate a mole to Avogadro moles in relation to
constant. Avogadro constant.
Analysing combustion and
The mole and composition data to deduce
determine empirical and empirical and molecular
3TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
molecular formulae using Avogadro constant formulae.
combustion data or Conducting practical
composition by mass. analysis of stoichiometric
construct balanced relationships involving acid-
Dilute
equations
Empirical and base titrations and hydrochloric
perform molecular formulae combustion acid and
calculations.including the sodium
use of mole concept hydroxide
involving reacting masses,
volumes of gasses,
volumes and
concentrations of solutions. Stoichiometric
calculations
Atomic structure describe the behaviour Sub-atomic particles Explaining the A -level
of sub-atomic particles behavior of sub-atomic science kit
in an electric field. particles and ions in an Periodic
describe electronic Electronic electric field. table
configuration of configurations Deducing electronic Graph
elements in terms of s, configuration of atoms papers
p and d orbitals for 1, and ions. ICT Tools
2, and 3 quantum Drawing and describing and
numbers. shapes of orbitals. Braille/Jaws
describe the shapes of software
s and p orbitals. Analyzing successive
explain the term Ionisation energy (IE) ionization energies to
ionisation energy. deduce configuration.
deduce the electronic
configuration from
successive Ionisation
4TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
energy (IE) data.
Chemical bonding Describe ionic bonding Ionic bonding Discussing ionic bonding Form 5 and
as in sodium chloride, Drawing ‘dot and cross’ 6 Science Kit
magnesium oxide and diagrams. ICT Tools
aluminium oxide. Discussing covalent and
describe covalent Covalent bonding bonding. Braille/Jaws
bonding as in Drawing ‘dot and cross’ software
hydrogen, oxygen, diagrams.
chlorine, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen
chloride, ethane, Relating bond reactivity
ethene and benzene in Bond reactivity to bond energy, bond
terms of orbital length and bond polarity.
overlap.
compare the reactivity
of covalent bonds in
terms of bond length, Discussing dative
bond energy and bond Dative bonding bonding
polarity. Drawing ‘dot and cross’
describe dative diagrams
bonding as in the
formation of Shapes of molecules Illustrating bonding and
ammonium ion and shapes using models.
aluminium chloride
(Al2Cl6)
explain the shapes of Metallic bonding
and bond angles in
5TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
molecules using
electron pair repulsion;
Valency Shell Electron
Pair Repulsion)
(VSEPR) theory. Intermolecular
describe metallic bonds
bonding in terms of a
lattice of positive ions
that are surrounded by
mobile electrons.
describe, interpret or
predict the effects of
type of bonding on
physical properties.
States of matter describe Intermolecular forces: Experimenting to show Jet of water
intermolecular forces -Van der Waals bond polarity. Paraffin
based on permanent -Hydrogen bonding Plastic ruler
and induced dipoles. -Permanent dipole – Polythene
permanent dipole rod
interaction Perspex rod
outline the importance Experimenting with ice Ice
of hydrogen bonding to and water to show Copper wire
physical properties of Hydrogen-bonding. Tungsten
substances. Discussing the wire
importance of
intermolecular forces to
properties of
6TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
state the basic Gaseous state substances.
assumptions of the
kinetic theory as Discussing the
applied to an ideal gas. assumptions of the
explain the validity of kinetic theory as applied
the kinetic theory of to ideal gases.
gases as applied to Calculating using
real gases general gas equation. Models
use the general Illustratingthe behavior
gas.equation pV=nRT, of particles using a
in calculations Liquid state molecular model.
describe using a Solid state
kinetic molecular
model, the liquid state,
solid state and the
interconversion of
states.
describe the lattice
structure of a Discussing the lattice
crystalline solid which structures of sodium
is ionic, simple chloride, iodine, ice,
molecular, giant copper, silicon dioxide,
molecular, hydrogen diamond and graphite.
bonded and metallic.
Chemical Energetics explain that chemical Enthalpy changes of: Experimenting to show Form 5 and
reactions are -Reaction energy changes 6 Science Kit
accompanied by -Formation (exothermic and ICT Tools
7TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
energy changes mostly -Combustion endothermic). and
in the form of heat -Neutralisation Discussing the various Braille/Jaws
energy. -Hydration enthalpy changes software
explain the terms -Solution Experimenting to make
enthalpy changes, -lattice fertilizer and calculating
standard enthalpy changes, -electron affinity heat changes.
bond energy and lattice Carrying out
energy thermometric titrations.
calculate enthalpy Hess Law and Born- Plotting graphs of
changes using vc∆ T Haber cycles quantity against
apply Hess Law to temperature.
construct energy Constructing and
cycles and Born- Charge density analyzing Born-Haber
Haber cycles. cycles.
calculate enthalpy
changes using energy
cycles and Born-Haber Discussing factors
cycles. affecting lattice energy.
explain the factors
affecting the size of
lattice energy.
Electrochemistry describe redox Redox processes Discussing reduction Form 5 and
processes in terms of and oxidation in terms of 6 Science Kit
electron transfer and electron transfers.
changes in oxidation Experimenting on redox
state. reactions.
Electrode potentials
8TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
describe the terms
standard electrode
potential and standard Drawing the standard
cell potential. hydrogen electrode.
describe the
measurement of
electrode potentials
using the standard
hydrogen electrode. Calculating standard cell
predict the feasibility of potentials.
the reaction from Electrolysis of Experimenting on
standard cell potential. acidified water electrolysis of acidified
describe the Electrolytic purification water and copper
production of of copper/nickel sulphate.
hydrogen, oxygen, Extraction of Discussing electrolytic
aluminium, copper, aluminium production of aluminum
nickel and chlorine by Production of and chlorine.
electrolysis. chlorinefrom brine
predict the identity of
the substance
liberated during
electrolysis from the
9TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
state of electrolyte,
position in the redox
series and
concentration.
Equilibria explain the terms Chemical equilibria Discussing reversible Form 5 and
reversible reaction and Equilibrium constants reactions and dynamic 6 Science Kit
dynamic equilibrium. equilibria.
deduce expressions Deducing equilibrium
for equilibrium expressions.
constants in terms of
concentrations (Kc)
and partial pressures
(Kp)
calculate the values of
Kc, Kp and the Calculating the values
quantities present at ofKc, Kp and quantities
equilibrium present at equilibrium
state Le Chatelier’s Le Chatelier’s Deducing direction of
principle and apply it principle and factors shift of equilibrium
to deduce effects of affecting equilibrium position using Le
changes in Chatelier’s principle.
temperature,
concentration or
pressure on a system Ionic equilibria
at equilibrium. Bronsted-Lowry
apply the Bronsted- theory of acids and
Lowry theory to define bases Discussing the
10TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry theory,
Distinguish between strengths of acids and Citrus fruits
strong and weak acids bases. Vinegar
and bases in terms of Flowers
extent of dissociation pH and pOH Soft drinks
Calculate [H+(aq)] and Acid and base Calculating pH, Ka, pKa,
pH values for strong dissociation constants pOH, Kb, pKb, Kw, Ashes
and weak acids and pKwvalues of acids and Household
bases bases detergent
Explain the terms pH,
Ka, pKa, pOH, Kb, pKb, Choice of indicators Discussing the choice of
Kw, pKw and apply suitable indicators for
them in calculations. acid-base titrations.
Explain the choice of
suitable indicators for Titration curves Drawing titration curves
acid-base titrations from experimental data.
given appropriate data.
Describe graphically
the changes in pH
during acid-base
titrations.
Reaction Kinetics device suitable methods of measuring Experimenting on Form 5 and
experimental reaction rates techniques for studying 6 Science Kit
techniques for studying the rate of reaction. ICT Tools
the rate ofreaction Rate equations and
from given information. Discussing the Braille/Jaws
terms:rate of reaction, software
11TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
activation energy, rate
explain the terms: rate equation order of
of reaction, activation reaction; rate constant,
energy, rate equation, half-life rate, determining
order of reaction, rate Factors affecting rates step and catalysis.
constant, half-life; rate of reactions Experimenting on factors
determining step and affecting rates of
catalysis. reactions.
explain in terms of Drawing Boltzmann
collisions the effect of distribution curves and
concentration changes reaction profile
and temperature on diagrams.
the rate of a reaction.
explain effect of
temperature change in
terms of the Graph books
Boltzmann distribution
on the rate of reaction
explain that in the
presence of a catalyst
a reaction has a
different mechanism Constructing rate
i.e. one of lower equations from
activation energy. experimental data
construct rate
equations of the form
12TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
to: AND KNOWLEDGE)
rate =k[A]m[B]n for
which m and n are 0, 1
or 2. Calculating initial rate,
calculate initial rate, half-life and rate
half-life and rate constant.
constant
deduce the order of Deducing the order of
reaction using initial reaction using initial
rate method and Mechanism of rate method and
concentration time reactions concentration time
graphs. graphs.
show graphicallythat
the half –life of a first
order reaction is Constructing reaction
constant. mechanisms.
deduce a mechanism
from the order of
reaction and vice
versa.
138.2 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
Chemical describe the variations in Variation in Physical Discussing trends in Graphs
Periodicity of atomic radius, ionic radius, properties physical properties.
period 3 ionisation energy, melting Data booklets
point and electrical.
ICT Tools and
conductivity of period 3 Analysing data and Braille/Jaws
elements. sketching graphs software
explain the variation in on variations in
atomic radius, ionic radius physical properties.
and first ionisation energy.
interpret the variation in
melting point and electrical
conductivity in terms of
bonding and structure.
describe the reactions if Variation in Chemical
any, of elements with properties
oxygen, chlorine and water.
explain the variation in Burning magnesium
oxidation number of oxides
14TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
and chlorides. ribbon. Form 5 and 6
describe the acid base Science Kit
behaviour of oxides Reacting sodium
and magnesium
describe the reactions of
with cold water
oxides and chlorides with
water. *NB: Sodium
suggest the type of bonding explodes in water
present in chlorides and
oxides from their physical Dissolving oxides and
chlorides in water and
and chemical properties.
testing their pH. Sodium
chloride
Relating physical
properties to bonding. Magnesium
chloride
Aluminium
oxide
Aluminium
chloride
Chemistry of interpret the trends in Trends in Physical Justifying trends in Data booklet
Group II physical properties. properties physical properties
elements using data booklet
values.
15TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
Experimenting on
describe the reactions of Trends in Chemical the reactions of
the elements with oxygen properties elements with water A level Science
and oxygen. kit
and water.
Dissolving oxides in
water and testing
describe the behaviour of for pH. pH meter
oxides with water.
Heating carbonates
explain the variation in and nitrates;testing
products produced.
thermal decomposition of
the carbonates and
nitrates.
Dissolving
magnesium
sulphate, calcium
explain the variation in sulphate and
barium sulphate in
solubility of the sulphates.
water.
Discussing uses of
state the properties and Properties and uses of magnesium oxide,
uses of group II Group II compounds calcium oxide,
magnesium
16TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
compounds. calcium carbonate, oxide, calcium
magnesium.sulphat oxide, calcium
e, calcium sulphate, carbonate,
barium sulphate, magnesium
magnesium sulphate,
hydroxide and calcium
magnesium sulphate,
trisilicate(MMT) barium
sulphate,
magnesium
hydroxide and
magnesium
trisilicate
(MMT)
Site visits
Chemistry of explain the variations in Trends in Physical Discussing trends in Form 5 and 6
Group IV melting and in electrical properties physical properties. Science Kit
elements conductivity of the
Experimenting with Lead (IV) oxide
elements.
Lead (IV) oxide,
explain the variations in charcoal and coal. ICT Tools and
bonding, acid-base nature Braille/Jaws
and thermal stability of the software
oxides of oxidation states II
17TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
& IV. Constructing
describe the bonding, molecular shapes
molecular shape and using models. Site visits
volatility of the
Discussing the
tetrachlorides. Trends in Chemical behaviour of
explain reactions of the properties tetrachlorides with
tetrachlorides with water in water and organic
terms of structure and solvents.
bonding.
describe the relative Experimenting with
Lead (IV) oxide.
stability of higher and lower
oxidation states of the
elements in their oxides
and aqueous solutions.
recognise the properties Properties and uses of Discussing
and uses of the elements Group IV elements and properties and uses
compounds of elements and
and their compounds.
compounds such as
glass, ceramics,
tooth filler,
diamond, graphite,
carbon-
tetrachloride.
18TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
Form 5 and 6
Trends in Physical properties Science Kit
describe the trends in volatility Discussing the trends in ICT Tools and
Braille/Jaws
Chemistry of Group and colour of chlorine, bromine Trends in Chemical properties volatility and colour of
software
VII elements and iodine. chlorine, bromine and
interpret the volatility of elements iodine. Site visits
in terms of Van der Waal forces.
explain the relative reactivity of
elements as oxidising agents
with reference to E0 values.
explain the reactions of elements Calculating E0 cell values
with hydrogen and changes in oxidation
explain the relative thermal states for the reactions
stabilities of the hydrides in terms between halogens and
of bond energies. sodium thiosulphate.
Discussing the reactions
of elements with hydrogen
and relative thermal
describe the reactions of the stabilities of resulting
halide ions with silver ions hydrides.
Properties and uses of Group Testing for halide ions
followed by aqueous ammonia
VII elements and compounds
and with concentrated sulphuric
acid
describe the reaction of chlorine
19TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
with cold and hot aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
explain the industrial importance
and environmental significance Discussing the industrial
of the halogens and their importance and
compounds. environmental
significance of halogens
and their compounds (e.g.
bleaches, PVC,
halogenated
hydrocarbons as solvents,
refrigerants, aerosols and
chlorine in purification of
water).
Chemistry of explain the lack of reactivity Chemical properties of Discussing the Form 5 and 6
Nitrogen and Nitrogen chemical properties Science Kit
Sulphur
of nitrogen.
of nitrogen.
ICT Tools and
Discussing the Braille/Jaws
describe the formation and formation and software
structure of the ammonium structure of the
ion and its reaction with ammonium ion. Site visits
alkalis. Haber Process
Experimenting on Resource
explain the manufacture of the laboratory persons
ammonia by the Haber preparation of
20TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
process in terms of the ammonia.
principles of kinetics and
equilibria. Contact Process
explain the manufacture of Discussing the
Haber process and
sulphuric acid by the
the Contact
Contact process in terms of process(the kinetics
the principles of kinetics and equilibria).
and equilibria.
recognise the industrial Preparing
importance of sulphuric ammonium
sulphate in the
acid and ammonia. laboratory.
Discussing the
recognise the Environmental impacts of environmental
environmental Nitrogen and Sulphur consequences of
consequences of compounds nitrates, nitrogen
oxides, sulphur
compounds of nitrogen and
oxides.
sulphur.
Discussing the
explain the catalytic removal of oxides of
removal of oxides of nitrogen from car
21TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT (ATTITUDES, SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: SKILLS AND AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE)
nitrogen. exhausts and use
describe the use of sulphur of sulphur dioxide.
dioxide in food
preservation.
FORM 6 SYLLABUS
8.3 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
Atoms, calculate, using the mole Stoichiometric Computing reacting masses, Form 5 and 6
Molecules and concept the reacting reaction ratios volumes of gases, volumes Science Kit
22TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
Stoichiometry masses, volumes of gases, Titration and concentrations of ICT Tools and
volumes and concentrations solution from given data Braille/Jaws
of solution. Performing acid-base software
titrations’.
determine stoichiometric Deducing stoichiometric
relationships from relationships from titration
calculations. results.
calculate percentage yield Percentage yield Constructing balanced
and percentage purity. and percentage equations.
purity
Electrochemistr use redox titration results in Redox titration Performing redox titrations Form 5 and 6
y quantitative analysis. Discussing the composition Science Kit
describe how the hydrogen and electrode reactions of ICT Tools and
oxygen fuel cell operate. fuel cells. Braille/Jaws
deduce electrode reactions software
from a given fuel cell. Fuel cells Citing advantages and
compare fuel cells with disadvantages of fuel cells
conventional cells. over conventional cells.
calculate the quantity of Quantitative Determining the quantity of
charge, mass and or volume electrolysis charge, mass and or volume
of substance liberated during of substance liberated
electrolysis using the during electrolysis
relationship, F=Le (Faraday
constant, the Avogadro
constant and the charge on
23TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
the electron)
describe how to determine a determining experimentally
value of Avogadro constant the value of the Avogadro
by an electrolytic method. constant.
Equilibria explain how buffer solutions Buffer solutions Discussing buffer solutions Form 5 and 6
control pH. including their role in Science Kit
calculate the pH and/or pOH controlling blood and soil ICT Tools and
of buffer solutions. pH. Braille/Jaws
apply the concept of Solubility products Preparing buffer solutions software
solubility product, Ksp Determining pH and pOH of
calculate Ksp from buffer solutions
concentrations and vice Calculating solubility
versa products from
explain the common ion concentrations and vice
effect versa including common ion
effect
Reaction Outline the different modes of Catalysis Discussing the different modes of Form 5 and 6
kinetics action of homogeneous and -Homogeneous action of homogeneous and Science Kit
heterogeneous catalysis as heterogeneous catalysis such as
exemplified in the Haber process,
-Heterogeneous Fe in the Haber process and Fe2+
ICT Tools and
catalytic removal of oxides of in I-and S2O82- reaction. Braille/Jaws
nitrogen in the exhaust gases from Carrying out experiments on software
car engines, the redox reaction decomposition of hydrogen
between I- and S2O82- and catalytic peroxide catalysed by manganese
role of NOxin the oxidation of (IV) oxide.
atmospheric sulphur dioxide.
248.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
Hydrocarbons use the nomenclature,structural Nomenclature Discussing nomenclature, Form 5 and 6
formulae and displayed formulae for general formula and displayed Science Kit
hydrocarbons from C1 to C10 formulae for hydrocarbons from
C1 to C10
ICT Tools and
describe the forms of isomerism Illustrating forms of isomerism Braille/Jaws
found in hydrocarbons using molecular models software
Isomerism Molecular
25TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
explain the use of crude oil and Discussing the process of models
natural gas as sources of fractional distillation of crude oil Cooking oil
hydrocarbons
Discussing the physical
Paraffin
explain the decrease in volatility properties of hydrocarbons
with increasing carbon chain Preparation and
occurrence Experimenting with cooking oil or
paraffin to demonstrate cracking
Discussing the chemistry of
describe the chemical reactions of alkanes as exemplified by the
Physical properties
alkanes, alkenes and arenes following reactions of ethane:
Combustion
Free radical substitution by
describe the mechanism of free chlorine and its mechanism
radical substitution, electrophilic
addition and electrophilic Chemical properties Discussing the chemistry of
substitution alkenes as exemplified by the
following reactions of ethene:
Electrophilic addition of steam,
hydrogen halides and halogens
including mechanism
Catalytic addition of hydrogen
Oxidation by cold dilute
Reaction manganate (VII) ions to form diol
mechanisms Oxidation by hot concentrated
manganate (VII) ions
Polymerisation
Discussing the chemistry of
arenes as examplified by the
26TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
following reactions of benzene
and methyl benzene :
Electrophilic substitution with
bromine including mechanism
Nitration including mechanism
Oxidation of the side chain
Predicting whether halogenation
will occur on the side chain or on
the aromatic nucleus in arene
Halogen use the nomenclature and Nomenclature Drawing displayed Form 5 and 6
derivatives displayed formula of structures and naming Science Kit
halogenoalkanes and them ICT Tools and
halogenoarenes Braille/Jaws
describe the isomerism software
associated with halogen Isomerism Discussing isomerism Journals
derivatives associated with halogen Bromoethane
derivatives Silver nitrate
Aerosols
describe the following Experimenting with Plastics
nucleophilic substitution Chemical properties bromoethane, silver
reactions of halogenoalkanes nitrate and hot water to
as exemplified by the show substitution
reactions of bromoethane:
hydrolysis, formation of nitriles Writing equations and
and formation of primary amines formulae of products
by reaction with ammonia from nucleophilic
substitution
describe the mechanism of
27TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
nucleophilic substitution in Describing the
halogenoalkanes mechanism of
nucleophilic substitution
in terms of SN1 and SN2
explain the elimination of Experimenting with
hydrogen bromide from 2- ethanolic sodium
bromopropane hydroxide and
bromopropane to show
elimination
interpret the different
reactivities of halogenolkanes Comparing the strengths of
and chlorobenzene with the C-Hal bonds and
particular reference to relating them to reactivity
hydrolysis and to the relative
strengths of the C-Hal bonds
explain the uses of
fluoroalkanes and Discussing the uses of
fluorohalogenoalkanes in fluoroalkanes and
terms of their relative fluorohalogenoalkanes and
chemical inertness their effects on the
recognise the concern about environment
the effect of
chlorofluoroalkanes on the Uses and
ozone layer environmental impact
Hydroxy use the nomenclature and Nomenclature Discussing the structure, Form 5 and 6
28TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
compounds displayed formulae to nomenclature and Science Kit
describe the structure of classification of alcohols ICT Tools and
primary, secondary and Braille/Jaws
tertiary alcohols Drawing structures of software
describe the isomerism Isomerism optical and structural
associated with alcohols isomers
describe the manufacture of Manufacture of Preparing of ethanol by
ethanol using fermentation ethanol fermentation using
process locally available
resources Marula
explain the physical Physical properties Discussing the solubility Baobab Fruits
properties of hydroxy and volatility of alcohols Grapes
compounds in terms of
bonding
describe the reactions of Chemical properties Discussing reactions of
alcohols as exemplified by of alcohols alcohols
ethanol during combustion, Distinguishing between
substitution to give primary, secondary and Ethanol
halogenoalkanes, reaction tertiary alcohols by Acidified
with sodium, oxidation to oxidation reactions potassium
carbonyl compounds and dichromate
carboxylic acids, dehydration Propan – 2-ol
and ester formation 2methylpropan
29TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
– 2-ol
describe the reaction of the Deducing the presence of
methyl secondary alcohol CH3 CH (OH) – group in an
with alkaline iodine alcohol using alkaline
aqueous iodine
describe the reactions of Chemical properties Discussing the reactions of
phenol with bases, sodium of phenols phenol
and during nitration and
bromination of the aromatic
ring
Comparing the acidity of
explain the relative acidities water, phenol and ethanol
of water, phenol and ethanol
Carbonyl use the nomenclature and Nomenclature Discussing the Form 5 and 6
compounds displayed formulae to nomenclature and Science Kit
describe the structure of displayed formulae of ICT Tools and
aldehydes and ketones aldehydes and ketones Braille/Jaws
software
explain the isomerism Isomerism Drawing structures to
associated with aldehydes illustrate the isomerism in
and ketones carbonyl compounds Ethanol
Acidified
describe the formation Preparation Preparing aldehydes and potassium
aldehydes and ketones from ketones from respective dichromate
primary and secondary alcohols Propan – 2-ol
30TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
alcohols respectively
outline the mechanism of Chemical properties Analysing the mechanism
nucleophilic addition reaction of nucleophilic addition
of hydrogen cyanide with reaction of hydrogen
aldehydes and ketones cyanide with aldehydes and
describe the reduction of ketones
aldehydes and ketones using Discussing the reactions of
NaBH4 carbonyl compounds, with
suggest a suitable test for a NaBH4, 2.4-DNPH,
given carbonyl compound Fehling’s solution, alkaline
iodine and Tollens reagent
Carboxylic acids interpret the nomenclature Nomenclature Drawing displayed formulae Form 5 and 6
and derivatives and formulae of carboxylic for carboxylic acids and Science Kit
acids and their derivatives their derivatives ICT Tools and
Braille/Jaws
Preparation and Preparing carboxylic acids software
describe the formation of occurrence and esters
carboxylic acids from
alcohols, aldehydes and
nitriles Chemical properties Constructing equations for
recall the reactions of the reactions of carboxylic
carboxylic acids in the acids
31TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
formation of salts, esters and
acyl chlorides
Comparing the acidity of
explain the acidity of carboxylic acids and
carboxylic acids and of substituted carboxylic acids
chlorine substituted ethanoic
acids in terms of their
structures Discussing the reactions of Vinegar
describe the reactionsof acyl acyl chlorides with water,
chlorides with water, alcohols, alcohols, phenols and
phenols and primary amines primary amines
Discussing the relative
explain the relative ease of ease of hydrolysis of acyl
hydrolysis of acyl chlorides, chlorides, alkyl chlorides
alkyl chlorides and aryl and aryl chlorides
chlorides
Preparing esters from
illustrate the formation of carboxylic acids or acyl
esters from carboxylic acids chlorides
or acyl chlorides using ethyl
ethanoate and phenyl
benzoate as examples Manufacturing soap from fats
and oils
describe the acid and base
hydrolysis of esters
Investigating uses of carboxylic
acids and esters
32TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
state the uses of carboxylic
acids and esters
Fats
Uses of carboxylic Oils
acids and esters Ash
Nitrogen describe the formation of Preparation and Discussing the formation of Form 5 and 6
compounds ethylamine by reduction of occurrence ethylamine by reduction of Science Kit
nitrile and of phenylamine by nitrile and of phenylamine ICT Tools and
reduction of nitrobenzene by reduction of Braille/Jaws
nitrobenzene software
explain the relative basicity Chemical properties Comparing the relative
of ammonia, alkylaminesand basicity of ammonia,
phenylamines in terms of alkylamines and
their structures phenylamines in terms of
their structures
describe the reaction of Discussing the reactions of
phenylamine with: phenylamine with aqueous
- aqueous bromine bromine and with nitrous
- nitrous acid acid
Discussing the hydrolysis of
diazonium salt to give
phenol
describe the coupling of Synthesizing dyestuff
benzenediazonium chloride
33TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
and phenol and the use of Dyestuff
similar reactions in the Discussing the formation Nitrous Acid
formation of dyestuff and hydrolysis of amides
describe the formation of
amides from the reaction
between RNH2 and R’COCl
describe acid-base hydrolysis amides Deducing the product of
of amides hydrolysis of amides
investigate the acid/base Analysing the acid/base
properties of amino acids and properties of amino acids
the formation of zwitterions i.e. from titration curves
illustrate the formation of Constructing equations to
peptide bonds in protein and show formation of peptide
polypeptide formation bonds
describe the hydrolysis of Drawing structures of the
proteins products of hydrolysis
Polymerisation Describe the characteristics Types of Polymerisation Classifying polymers Samples of
of addition polymers as -addition polymers
- condensation
examplified by polythene and
PVC ICT Tools and
explain condensation Drawing repeat units Braille/Jaws
34TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKILLS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
AND KNOWLEDGE)
polymerisation as in from given monomers or software
polyesters and polyamides sections of polymers
predict the type of and vice versa Molecular
polymerisation reaction for a models
given monomer or pair of
monomers
deduce the repeat unit of a Building models of
polymer obtained from a polymers
given monomer or pair of
monomers
identify the monomer(s)
present in a given section of a
Uses of polymers
polymer molecule
recognise the uses of
polymers Discussing uses of
polymers
Visiting sites
8.5 APPLIED CHEMISTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
Learners should be able to: (ATTITUDES, SKIILS ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURSES
35AND KNOWLEDGE)
Transition explain what is meant by Characteristic Discussing characteristic Form 5 and 6
Elements transition, in terms of d- properties properties of transition Science Kit
block element forming one elements
or more stable ions with ICT Tools and
incomplete d-orbitals Braille/Jaws
analyse the electronic Working out the electronic software
configuration of the first row configuration of the first row
transition elements and transition elements and
their ions their ions
recognise that the atomic
radii, ionic radii and first Analyzing atomic radii,
ionisation energies of the ionic radii and first
transition metals are ionisation energies data of
relatively invariant the transition metals
contrast qualitatively the Comparing the melting
melting point, density, points, densities, atomic
atomic radius, first radii, first ionisation
ionisation energy and energies and conductivities
conductivity of the transition of the transition elements
elements with those of with those of calcium as a
calcium as a typical s-block typical s-block element
element
describe the tendency of Experimenting to show
transition elements to have variable oxidation states
variable oxidation states
explain the formation of Discussing formation of
complexes in terms of co- Variable oxidation complexes
ordinate bonds and the state
splitting of d orbitals
36 describe the shape of four-
fold and six fold complexes Complex formation
explain the types of Drawing shapes of
isomerism that complexes complexes and showing
may exhibit isomerism
explain ligand exchanges in
terms of competing Experimenting on ligand
equilibria and stability exchange
constants
explain redox reactions of
complexes in terms of E0 Calculating E0 cells to
values predict feasibility of
reactions
interpret the effect of ligand
exchange on E0 values
explain, in terms of d orbital
splitting, why transition Discussing the splitting of
element complexes are d-orbitals in colour
formation of complexes
usually coloured
explain changes in colour
of complexes as a result of
ligand exchange
explain the magnetic
37properties of transition
metals and their complexes Experimenting on magnetic
in terms of paired and properties of transition
unpaired d electrons. metals and their complexes
Deducing magnetic
describe the occurrence, properties from electronic
relative stability and colour Colour concept configurations
of vanadium ions and its Catalysis investigating the
compounds occurrence relative
stability and colour of
describe the uses of vanadium ions and
Magnetism compounds
vanadium and its
compounds
discussing the uses of
describe the occurrence, vanadium and compounds
relative stability and colour
of chromium aqueous ions
and compounds containing investigating the
the metal in the +3 and +6 occurrence relative
oxidation states. stability and colour of Ammonium
chromium ions and its vanadate (V),
explain uses of chromium compounds
and its compounds
describe the use of discussing the uses of
dichromate (VI) as an chromium and its
oxidising agent Chromium compounds
occurence testing for alcohol and for
describe the chromate (VI) sulphur dioxide using
38to dichromate (VI) dichromate (VI)
interconversion
demonstrating the
interconversion of
describe the occurrence chemical chromate (VI) to
and relative stability and properties and dichromate (VI) using dilute
colour of manganese ions its uses acids and alkalis
and compounds containing Investigating the
the metal in the +2, +4, +6 occurrence relative
and +7 oxidation states stability and colour of
manganese compounds
demonstrate redox
reactions involving MnO2,
MnO42- and MnO-4
Experimenting on the
describe the occurrence, manganese disproportionation of
relative stability and colour occurrence MnO42-
of ironcompounds,
Investigating the
describe the effect of pH occurrence relative
and the cyanide ligand on stability and colour of iron
stability of iron and its ions compounds Manganese
chemical Experimenting on the effect dioxide
explain the biochemical
properties and of pH on stability of iron Hydrogen
importance of iron in
uses and its ions peroxide
haemoglobin and in Sodium hydroxide
cytochrome
analyse the rusting of iron Discussing the biochemical
iron
and its prevention importance of iron in
occurrence and
haemoglobin and in
39extraction cytochrome
distinguish between Fe2+ Investigating conditions for
(aq) and Fe3+ (aq) using iron to rust and its
Fe(CN)63- (aq) and SCN - prevention
(aq), respectively Testing for Fe2+ (aq) and
Fe3+ (aq) using Fe(CN)63-
(aq) and SCN -(aq),
describe the use of iron and respectively
its compounds
chemical
Discussing the use of iron
properties and
uses and its compounds
Describe the occurrence,
relative stability and colour
of cobalt ions and
compounds containing the Investigating the
metal in its +2 and +3 occurrence relative
oxidation states, stability and colour of
cobalt compounds
explain the effect of ligands Iron nails
and/or temperature on the Magnesium
stability and geometry of ribbon
cobalt complexes, using as Experimenting on the Potassium
examples cobalt effects of temperature on hexacyanoferrate
[Co(H2 O)6]2+ [CoCl4]2, and Occurrence stability of cobalt (III)
[Co(NH3)6]2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+ complexes Potassium
Thiocyanate
explain the uses of cobalt
as in alloys, anhydrous
cobalt (II) ions as a test for
40water and its biochemical
importance Chemical properties Discussing the uses of
and uses cobalt and its compounds
describe the occurrence,
production and purification
of nickel from its sulphide
ore
explain the use of nickel in Discussing the occurrence,
alloys(e.g. alnico)and as a production and purification
hydrogenation catalyst of nickel from its sulphide
ore
describe the occurrence, Discussing the use of
production and purification nickel in alloys
of copper,
describe the occurrence Discussing the occurrence,
and relative stability of ions production and purification
and compounds containing Nickel of copper,
the metal in the +1 and +2 Occurrence and
oxidation states, including extraction
the disproportionation and Chemical properties
stabilisation of Cu+ (aq) and uses
Investigating the
describe the reaction of copper
occurrence, relative
Cu2+(aq) with I-(aq) Occurrence and
stability and colour of
extraction
copper compounds
explain uses of copper and
its compounds as in brass,
41bronze, other alloys, and in Chemical properties Experimenting on the
the test for aldehydes and uses reaction of Cu2+(aq) with I-
(aq)
Discussing the uses of
copper and its compounds
describe the occurrence
and extraction of platinum
identify elements which
occur together with
platinum
suggest the uses of Investigating the
platinum group metals occurrence and extraction
of platinum
Visiting sites
Platinum group
metals (PGM)
-occurrence
-extraction
-uses
Phase Equilibria explain steam distillation of Steam Distillation experimenting on steam Form 5 and 6
two immiscible liquids distillation Science Kit
42 demonstrate an awareness discussing methods of ICT Tools and
of the applications of steam distillation Braille/Jaws
distillation software
explain the term partition
coefficient Distribution between
calculate partition phases
coefficient for a system in working out partition
which the solute is in the coefficient for a system
same molecular state in the
two solutions
explain solvent extraction carrying out solvent
extraction
explain: paper, high
Performing thin layer,
performance liquid, ion
column and paper
exchange, thin layer,
Chromatography chromatography
column and gas/liquid
chromatography in terms of
absorption and/or partition,
based on appropriate
practical experience
demonstrate an awareness Discussing industrial and
of the applications of these medical applications of
methods of chromatography Chromatography
chromatography in industry kit and
and medicine chromatograms
describe the process of Resource
electrophoresis, and the persons
effect of pH
describe the hydrolysis of electrophoresis Discussing electrophoresis
proteins, separation and and genetic fingerprinting
43detection of the products by
electrophoresis
outline the process of genetic
analysis of genes and fingerprinting
genetic fingerprinting
Environmental 7.0 outline the main industrial Air Pollution and Discussing the main ICT Tools and
Chemistry methods of controlling Control causes of air pollution Braille/Jaws
sulphur dioxide emission software
(flue gas desulphurisation, Resource
alkaline scrubbing, use of persons
limestone-based fluidised
beds)
8.0 recognise the use of lean-
Discussing the methods of
burn engines and catalytic controlling pollution
converters in reducing
pollutant emissions from
petrol-driven cars
9.0 deduce environmental Discussing environmental
considerations related to impact of power
the usage and generation generation
of power (with particular Visiting sites
reference to fossil fuels and
nuclear energy)
10.0 identify other potential Case studying
power sources
recognise the hazards
44associated with random
emission from uranium-bearing
rocks and with nuclear
accidents
11.0 recognise the potential
application and risks of applications of Discussing the concepts
nanomaterials nanomaterials of nanoscience and
- medicine nanotechnology
- water purification Predicting the potential
- environmental applications and risks of
pollution control nanomaterial
and remediation
Resource
persons
12.0 outline the use of ion
exchange in the treatment
of industrial waste
Waste management
13.0 recognise the potential Ion exchange
consequence of the use of Incineration
land-filling and incineration Land filling Discussing the various
(including the importance of Recycling methods of waste
temperature control and the management
possible release of dioxins)
for the disposal of solid
waste
14.0 outline the advantages
and disadvantages of
45dumping waste at sea and
in rivers (including sewage
and the problems
associated with oil
spillages)
Discussing advantages
15.0 recognise the problems and disadvantages of
associated with heavy different methods of waste
metals in the environment, management
e.g. lead, mercury and
chromium
16.0 recognise the problems
Case studying
associated with the
disposal of radioactive
waste and mine waste
Visiting sites
469.0 ASSESSMENT
(a) ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
The scheme of assessment is grounded in the principle of inclusivity and equalisation of opportunities hence does not condone
direct or indirect discrimination of learners.
Modifications of arrangements to accommodate candidates with special needs must be put in place in both continuous and
summative assessments. These modifications must neither give these candidates an undue advantage over others nor
compromise the standards being assessed.
NB: For further details on arrangements, accommodations and modifications refer to the assessment procedure booklet.
The three assessment objectives in A - Level Chemistry are:
1: Knowledge with understanding
2: Handling information and problem solving
3: Experimental skills, investigations and applications
471: Knowledge with understanding
Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
• scientific phenomena, facts, laws, definitions, concepts, theories
• scientific vocabulary, terminology, conventions (including symbols, quantities and units)
• scientific instruments and apparatus, including techniques of operation and aspects of safety
• scientific quantities and their determination
• scientific and technological applications with their social, economic and environmental implications.
2: Handling information, problem solving, synthesis, analysis and evaluation
In words or using other written forms of presentation (e.g. symbolic, graphical and numerical), candidates should be able to:
• locate, select, organise and present information from a variety of sources
• translate information from one form to another
• manipulate numerical and other data
• use information to identify patterns, report trends and draw inferences
• present reasoned explanations of phenomena, patterns and relationships
• make predictions and hypotheses
• solve problems, including some of a quantitative nature.
3: Experimental skills, investigations and applications
Candidates should be able to:
• know how to use techniques, apparatus, and materials (including following a sequence of instructions, where appropriate)
• make and record observations and measurements
• interpret and evaluate experimental observations and data
• plan investigations, evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements (including the selection of techniques, apparatus and
materials).
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