O- LEVEL PHYSICS SYLLABUS - FORMS 3 4 2015 - 2022 - ministry of primary and secondary ...

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

 O- LEVEL PHYSICS
 SYLLABUS

 FORMS 3 - 4

 2015 - 2022

 Curriculum Development and Technical Services
 P.O. Box MP 133
 Mount Pleasant
 Harare
 © All Rights Reserved
 2015

O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued
 contribution in the production of this syllabus:

 • Panellists for ‘O’ level Physics syllabus.
 • Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC).
 • Government departments.
 • Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development.
 • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
 • United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

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O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................ i

CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................... ii

1.0 PREAMBLE............................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS..................................................................................... 1

3.0 AIMS........................................................................................................................................... 1

4.0 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 2

5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION............................................................................. 2

6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART........................................................................................... 3

FORM 3............................................................................................................................................ 8

FORM 4...........................................................................................................................................22

9.0 ASSESSMENT..........................................................................................................................35

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.................................................................................................................39

 ii

O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

1.0 PREAMBLE 1.5 Cross- Cutting Themes

 This phase will develop an appreciation of:
1.1 Introduction
 • Inclusivity
 • Environmental issues
This syllabus is designed to put greater emphasis on • Indigenous knowledge system
the understanding and application of physical concepts • Financial literacy
and principles. It make learners identify, investigate and • Enterprise Education
solve problems in a sustainable manner. This two - year • Gender
learning phase will see learners being assessed through • HIV and Life skills
continuous assessment and national examination. The • Child Protection.
‘O’ level Physics syllabus is designed to inclusively cater • Team work
for all categories of learners. • Food security
 • Safety health issues
1.2 Rationale • Disaster risk management

Modern day economies, Zimbabwe included, are driven
by technology and Physics concepts form part of the 2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE
basis. The study of Physics enables learners to be SYLLABUS
creative and innovative in industry and society can
promote the application of physics in industrial processes
 The Ordinary Level Physics syllabus is a single docu-
for value addition is well known. The learning of Physics
 ment covering Forms 3 - 4. It contains the Preamble,
concepts promotes value creation, addition and
 Aims, Syllabus Objectives, Syllabus Topics, Methodology
beneficiation of natural resources and harness available
 and Time Allocation, Scope and Sequence, Competency
opportunities for entrepreneurship.
 Matrix and Assessment. The Scope and Sequence chart
 shows the progression of topics from Forms 3 - 4, while
1.3 Summary of Content
 the syllabus matrix gives details of the content to be
 covered.
‘O’ level Physics syllabus will cover theory and practical
activities in the following areas:
Newtonian Mechanics, Dynamics, Waves, Electricity
 3.0 AIMS
and Electromagnetism, Thermal Physics and Modern
Physics. The aims are to:

1.4 Assumptions 3.1 create opportunities for learners to acquire
 research, experimental and practical skills and
It is assumed that: attitudes in Physics.
 3.2 enable learners to acquire basic principles of
 • the learner has successfully completed Form 1 Physics for application in life and as a basis for
 and 2 Science syllabus. further studies in Physics and related disci-
 • Science clubs are existing and operational in plines.
 schools. 3.3 recognise the usefulness and limitations of the
 • use of ICT for research and presentation is known scientific method in the study of Physics.
 by learners. 3.4 inculcate in learners the desire to apply Phys-
 • use of measuring instruments such as rulers, ics for the benefit of society as guided by the
 balances, second-hand clocks, voltmeters, principles of Unhu/Ubuntu and recognising the
 ammeters and thermometers is known by learners. detrimental effects of misapplication of Phys-
 • safety measures are available and observed. ics.
 3.5 inculcate in learners the appreciation of the
 usefulness of ICT in the study and application
 of Physics.

 1

O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 3.6 develop, in learners the appreciation of the • Problem solving based learning
 use of Physics in value creation, addition and • Individual and group work
 beneficiation in mining and other industries. • Educational tours

 • Project based learning
 3.7 inculcate in learners the regard for safety and • Design based learning
 protection of the environment in the study of • Learning by discovery
 Physics. • E-learning such as simulation
 3.8 develop in learners an appreciation of gender, • Resource person(s)
 HIV and AIDS issues.
 N.B. Ortho-didactic principles, such as visual tactile,
4.0 OBJECTIVES simulation and self-activity, will be applied when need
 arises to cater for diverse needs of learners.
 Safety precautions must always be observed.
Learners should be able to:

 4.1 follow instructions in practical work in order to Time Allocation
 manipulate record observations and analyse
 data to confirm or establish relationships A minimum of 8 periods of 35 minutes each in a week
 4.2 demonstrate knowledge about physical should be allocated as double periods for adequate cov-
 phenomena, facts, laws, definitions and con- erage of the syllabus
 cepts of Physics.
 4.3 measure and express physical quantities in SI
 units to a given level of accuracy and preci- 6.0 TOPICS
 sion.
 4.4 solve problems using calculations
 1. Measurement and Physical Quantities
 4.5 generate and transform information in
 2. Kinematics
 Physics, from one form to another for presen-
 3. Forces
 tation, interpretation and problem solving.
 4. Machines
 4.6 design a practical solution through a Physics
 5. Mechanical Structures
 project to solve a real life problem
 6. Work, Energy and Power
 4.7 use ICT to simulate Physics phenomena,
 7. Thermal Physics
 present and analyse Physics data
 8. Internal Combustion Engines
 4.8 apply safety measures in all practical work
 9. Waves
 4.9 explain and apply procedures in Physics to
 10. Optics
 protect the environment
 11. Electricity
 12. Magnetism
5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME 13. Electromagnetism
ALLOCATION 14. Electronics
 15. Atomic and Nuclear Physics

Suggested Methods

It is envisaged that teaching and learning programmes
based on this Physics syllabus could feature a wide
variety of learning experiences designed to promote
acquisition of scientific expertise and understanding, and
to develop values and attitudes relevant to science and
life. Teachers are encouraged to use a combination of
appropriate strategies to effectively and equitably engage
and challenge their learners through:

 • Planned experiments

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6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART
 6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART

 TOPIC FORM 3 FORM 4

 1.0 MEASUREMENT AND PHYSICAL  Measurement of physical quantities.  Definition of voltage, resistance and current
 QUANTITIES  Derived quantities  Experiments to measure voltage, current and
  Use of S.I. units determine resistance for ohmic conductors
 1.1 Measurements

 1.2 Scalars and vectors  Definitions and examples
  Resultant of coplanar vectors using graphical
 method
  Applications

 2.0 KINEMATICS  Definitions of terms
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

  Equations of linear motion and application
 2.1 Speed, velocity, distance, displacement
 and acceleration
 2.2 Graphs of motion  Drawing and interpretation of graphs

3
 2.3 Motion under gravity  Definition of free fall
  Calculations and applications

 3.0 FORCES  Types of forces  Application of forces on beams, trusses and
 3.1 Effect of force on materials  Interpretation of force extension-graphs mechanical large structures

 3.2 Effect of force on motion  Definitions of weight, momentum and inertia
  State and apply Newton’s laws of motion
  Circular motion
 3.3. Friction and circular motion  Effects of friction
  Methods of friction
  Centripetal acceleration and force
 3.4 Turning effects of a force  Moments of a force
  Turning effect of a force
  Principles of moments

 2

 Application of moments

 3.5 Centre of mass/centre of gravity  Definitions of terms
  Determination of centre of mas
  Stability

 3.6 Pressure  Definition
  Calculations
  Pressure in fluids and applications
 4.0 MACHINES  Definition
  Experiments involving inclined planes, levers and
 pulleys

 4.1. Simple machines  Definitions
  Experiments involving:
 - inclined plane
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 - levers
 - pulleys
 - calculation of velocity ratio. Mechanical
 advantage and efficiency.

 5.0. MECHANICAL STRUCTURES

4
 5.1 Mechanical structures  Beams, trusses, joining materials and large
 structures

 6.0 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

 6.1 Work  Definition
  Calculation of work done

 6.2 Energy  Definition
  Types and sources of energy
  Energy conversion
  Law of conservation and conversion of energy
  Calculations involving energy

 3

6.3 Power  Definition .
  Calculations involving power

 7.0 THERMAL PHYSICS  Definition of matter
 7.1 Kinetic theory of matter  States of matter and their physical properties
 7.2 Thermal properties  Simple experiments to demonstrate thermal  Calculation of heat capacity and latent heat
 properties  Measurement of temperature
 7.3 Heat transfer  Modes and mechanisms of heat transfer and their
 applications
  Experiments on modes of heat transfer

 8.0 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES  Describe the operations of a four stroke engine
  Explain the role of the carburettor
  State the advantage of multiple cylinders in an engine
  Compare the operations of a diesel and petrol engine
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 9.0 WAVES  Definition and classification of waves
 9.1 Types of waves

 9.2 Wave properties  Experiments to demonstrate wave properties and
 characteristics

5
 9.3 Sound  Production and sound waves
  Experiments to determine speed of sound
 9.4 Electromagnetic waves  Electromagnetic spectrum
  Application of electromagnetic waves

 10.0 OPTICS  Application of waves: light
  Laws of reflection
  Experiments using plane mirror
  Ray diagrams
  Laws of refraction
  Experiments to demonstrate refraction
  Snell’s law and application
 Experiments on dispersion of light
 11.0 ELECTRICITY

 4

11.1 Electrostatics  Charging
  Interaction between charges
  Field lines
  Application of electrostatics
  Safety and hazards
 11.2 Primary and secondary cells  Definition of terms
  Power sources
  Measurement of electrical entities
  Ohm’s law and resistance
  Safety

 11.3 Current electricity  Definition of terms

 11.4 Electric circuits  Electric components
  Constructing simple circuits
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 11.5 Electricity in the home  Wiring of three pin plugs
  Use of two pin plugs
  Safety precautions

6
 12.0 MAGNETISM

 12.1 Magnetic properties  Properties and interaction

 12.2 Application

 13.0 ELECTROMAGNETISM

 13.1 Magnetic effects of an electric current  Field patterns
  Hand rules

 13.2 Force on current carrying conductor in  Factors
 magnetic field  Hand rules
  applications

 5

13.3 Electromagnetic induction  generator principle
  Lenz’s law
  Applications
 13.4 Transformers  Transformer principle
  Efficiency
  AC transmission and power loses
 14.0 ELECTRONICS
 14.1Electronic components  Carbon resistors and colour coding
  Reed switch
 14.2 Logic gates  Circuit symbols
  Construction of truth tables

 15.0 ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

 15.1. Atomic model 
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 Description of an atomic model
  Isotopes
 15.2 Radioactivity  Definition
  Types of radioactive emission and their
 characteristics
  Use storage handling and impact of radioactive

7
 emission

 6

FORM 3

 8.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES

 1.0 MEASUREMENTS AND
 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
 1.1 Measurements • measure physical quantities; • Length, area, volume, • Experiments on measur- • A ruler, Vernier callipers,
 read an instrument scale mass, time, temperature. ing length, time, mass. thermometer, balance
 to the nearest fraction of a • Determining area and stop-watch, micro meter
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 division • Liquids, regular, irregular volume. screw gauge, measuring
 • determine density of regular objects. • Determining density cylinder, force meter
 and irregular objects experimentally for liquids,
 regular and irregular ob-
 • express quantities in terms • S.I. units. jects.

8
 of S.I. units; • Relating density to flota-
 • Derive other units from base • Newton, joule watt, volt and tion and sinking.
 units others. • Deriving units from base
 units.

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT(Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES

 2.0 KINEMATICS
  Displacement, speed,  Ticker tape timer and tape
 2.1 Speed, Velocity and  define displacement, velocity and acceleration.  Using of ticker tape  Electronic speed detector
 Acceleration speed, velocity and timer experiment or any
 acceleration other method.

 2.2 Graphs of motion  plot, draw and interpret  Distance time graph  Determining distance
 graphs of motion  Determining velocity using travelled using speed
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 distance time graph. time graphs of graph.
  Speed time graph.
  Slope of graphs.  Determining
 acceleration, speed and
  Area under graph:
 distance from graphs.
 distance.

9
 2.3 Motion under gravity  define free-fall;  Free-fall.  Experimenting on free
 fall.
  determine acceleration of  Terminal velocity.
 free fall  Describing qualitatively
  the motion of bodies
 falling in a uniform
 gravitational field.

  Solving problems.

 8

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) AND NOTES

 3.0 FORCES  Foam rubber, springs,
 3.1 Effects of force on shape  explain the effects of a  Deformation of solids.  Experiments modelling putty, plasticine
 and size of materials force on size demonstrating Hooke’s elastic bands, masses and
 and shape of material mass hangers
  Tension and Law.
  plot, draw and interpret compression.  Computers.
  Determining spring
 extension load graphs
 constant.
  explain Hooke’s Law
  Simulating spring- mass
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

  calculate spring constant  Hooke’s Law and Spring systems.
 constant.
 3.2 Effect of force on  define weight, momentum  Weight, momentum, Limited to linear  Trolleys, inertia car force
 motion and inertia inertia; motion. (Conservation meters, masses,
  calculate momentum p = mv of momentum is not computers, air tracks,
 polished surfaces

10
  explain each of Newton’s F = ma. required).
 three laws of motion  Experimenting on forces
  use relation between force,  Computer simulations
 changing state of
 mass and acceleration
 motion

 3.3 Friction and circular  explain the effect of friction  Friction  Experiments  Trolleys, masses,
 motion on the motion of a body  Methods of reducing demonstrating friction. computers, air tracks,
  describe the ways in which friction. (No reference to static polished surfaces, rough
 force may change the and dynamic co-efficient surfaces, oil/grease
 motion of a body  Centripetal force. of friction). surfaces
  describe qualitatively  Stating advantages and  Inextensible strings,
 motion in a curved path due  Centripetal acceleration. disadvantages of bobs/plumb-line
 to a perpendicular force friction.
  Experimenting on
 circular motion.

 3.4 Turning effect of a force  define moment of a force  Moments.  Illustrating using  Doors, levers,
  describe the moment of a  principle of moments. everyday examples. wheelbarrows, crowbar,
 force in terms of its turning strings, masses,

 9

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) AND NOTES

 3.4 Turning effect of a force effect and give everyday exam- • Calculation involving mo- supporters, stands, bars,
 ples ments. retort stands, beams
 • perform an experiment to
 verify the principle of mo-
 ments
 • make calculations involving
 the principle of moments
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 3.5 Centre of mass • define centre of mass • Centre of mass. • Experiments determining • Irregular laminas, plumb
 • define centre of gravity • Centre of gravity. position of centre of mass line / bob + string, support
 of regular and irregular stands.
 • determine the centre of mass • Regular and irregular lamina and other objects.

11
 of a plane lamina lamina . • Experiments demonstrat-
 ing stable, unstable and
 • describe qualitatively the • Stable, unstable and neu- neutral equilibria. • Cones, cubes, chairs,
 effect of the position of the tral equilibria. ICT tools
 centre of mass on the stabili-
 ty of objects

 3.6 Pressure • define pressure • definition of pressure. • Experiments demon- • Cuboids, regular blocks of
 • calculate pressure • P = F/A. strating pressure due to wood, balances, metre rule,
 different surface areas ICT tools
 • Calculating pressure of
 solid objects using appro-
 priate units.

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURSES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 knowledge)
  calculate pressure in fluids  Pressure in fluids  Experiments  Manometer and liquid
  describe effect of depth P=ρgh. demonstrating variation containers
 on pressure of pressure with depth  Magdebug hemispheres
  describe atmospheric  Drinking straws
 pressure  Atmospheric pressure.  Demonstrating  Rubber suckers
 atmospheric pressure  Pressure cooker
  Pressure cooker.
  use bar patterns to predict  Weather patterns.
 type of weather including  Analysing simple
 wind strength and barometer weather charts
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 direction
  describe the construction  Calculating the
 and use of a barometer manometer
  describe the construction  Applications and
 and use of a simple hazards.
  Describing hydraulic

12
 manometer
  Manometer. systems
  Describing water
 reticulation

 4.0 Machines (Classification of levers is
 4.1 Simple machines  describe the use and  Levers, single string not required).
 applications of machines pulley systems (at  Pulleys, inclined plane,
  calculate mechanical most 6 pulleys), Calculations limited to levers, force metre,
 advantage, velocity ratio inclined plane: levers, pulley systems metre rule, loads and
 and efficiency MA = Load / Effort; VR =  Experiments measuring masses
 Distance moved by the efficiency
 effort force/distance
  explain energy losses in
 moved by the load.
 machines.
 Efficiency = MA/VR x
  describe methods of 100.
 improving efficiency  Friction and mass of
 the machine.

 12

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) AND NOTES

 4.1 Simple machines • Lubrication and mass
 reduction.
 • Ball bearings.
 • Smooth surfaces.

 5.0 MECHANICAL STRUC-
 TURES
 5.1 Beams • define a beam • Beams. • Using supported bar • Beams, supports, loads,
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 • describe a beam by its cross • Types of beams. which bears a load. • ICT tools
 sectional area • Naming T, L, I, Z, O and
 • Qualitative relation H shaped beams, solid • Beams of different area sec-
 • compare the strength of between strength, and hollow box and cylin- tions; T, L, I, W etc. beams,
 beams cross-sectional shape and drical beams. wooden splits

13
 depth. • Carrying out practical • Different types of beams
 work on beams using
 • explain the effects of push • Compression, tension, similar quantities (mass • Metre rules, supports, loads
 and pull forces shear and buckle. per unit length) of materi- • Foam rubber, elastic bands,
 al but different beams glass rods, load/stress
 • explain how stress is distrib- • Compression, tension and • Experiments demon- • Hollow stems, green twigs,
 uted in a loaded beam natural zones. Internal strating crushing, com- foam rubber
 stress, areas of strength pressing, buckling and • ICT tools
 and weakness. bending, stretching and • Plasticine
 snapping • Stik stuff

 5.2 Trusses • construct trusses • Trusses. • Defining a truss. • Beams, pins, nails, loads,
 • explain the use of triangles in Stability. • Comparing weight of retort stands, pivot, metre
 a truss structures. rule.
 • explain the advantages of • Economy, strength and • Experiments illustrating • Trusses on buildings.
 trusses over beams strength/mass ratio. strength/mass ratio of a • Laboratory models of truss-
 beam and truss. es using wooden splints.
 • ICT tools.

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) AND NOTES

 5.2 Trusses • explain how a load can be • Compressive and tensile • Experiments determining
 distributed throughout a truss; forces. which members are under
 tension and which are
 • identify struts and ties in a • Transmission of forces by under compression.
 truss; connecting members.
 • explain the design of a roof • Distribution of load • Constructing models
 truss;
 5.3 Joining materials • describe methods of joining • Joining mechanisms; • Making and testing • Wooden, metallic and plastic
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 materials; - Pinning: strengths of joints. materials
 - Surface contact: • Gluing with or without • Beams, screws, nails bolts
 • compare the strength of joints • Size of contact area, num- dowels and tongue; and rivets;
 ber and position of pins. • Soldering, brazing and • Glue
 welding; Plastics – weld- • Joints

14
 ing and gluing.

 5.4 Large structures • identify materials used in • Wood, metal, reinforced • Naming materials used in • Metals beams, wooden
 large structures concrete and stones. large structures. beams, cement, concrete,
 • compare properties of con- • Compressive and tensile • Comparing properties of reinforce concrete beams,
 struction materials strength, mass and dura- construction of materials. quarry stones, gravel, sand
 • explain the design and mate- bility. • Comparing durability in • ICT tools
 rials used in different types of • Pier bridge, beam bridge, relation to decay, corro- • Wooden splints, sand,
 bridges arch bridge and Suspen- sion and rusting. stones, gravel, clay soil
 • explain the use of arches in sion bridge. • Constructing and loading
 construction of large struc- of models.
 tures • Earth and concrete; • (No knowledge of materi-
 • explain composition and straight and arch dams al cost is required but an
 shape of dam walls appreciation of both dura-
 bility and cost as factors
 in determining choice).
 • Identifying materials
 which make dam walls

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES
 6.0 WORK, ENERGY
 AND POWER
 6.1 Work  define work done  Work done;  Experiments illustrating  Force metres, wooden
 work done Work = Force block, metre rule, stop
 x distance watch, pulleys, and
  calculate work done inclined planes.

 6.2 Energy  define energy  Energy Sources  Describing forms of  Wooden blocks
  describe forms and  Law of conservation of energy such as chemical,  Batteries, cells,
 sources of energy energy HEP, sun, nuclear, geo- chemicals, metals
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

  relate energy conversions  Energy conversions thermal, wind and tides. Generator/turbines
 and work done (renewable and non-
  Calculations involving
 renewable sources)
 energy and work  Solar cells/panels, solar
  Safe disposal of batteries  Naming sources of heat, chargers, solar water
 and accumulators light, sound, electrical, heater systems
 kinetic gravitational and

15
 potential energy.
  Academic trips to hot
  Giving relationship springs e.g.
 between energy and Chimanimani hot springs
 work.
  Calculating problems on
  Computer simulations
 energy.
  Safe disposing of
 batteries and
 accumulators

 17

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) AND NOTES

 6.3 Power • define power • Carrying out e exper- • Electric motor, meter rule,
 • relate power to rate of ener- iments to determine stop watch, load, string,
 gy transferred power. block of wood, Force meter.
 • perform calculations involving
 =Fv
 power

 7.0 THERMAL PHYSICS
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 7.1 The kinetic theory of • the effect of a change de- • Solids, liquids and gases. • Carrying out practical • Kinetic theory model kit.
 matter scribe states of matter in activities to demonstrate • Brownian motion model kit
 terms of kinetic theory change of state including • Solids, l iquids and gases
 • explain the physical proper- • Brownian motion. Sublimation. • Sources of heat
 ties of matter

16
 • describe qualitatively the • Charles’s law. • Carrying out experiments • Chalk/dust.
 thermal expansion of solids, to illustrate the proper- • 2 large syringes commu-
 liquids and gases ties. nicated by rubber tubing,
 • Boyle’s law. warm water, thermometer,
 • explain the relative order of • Melting boiling and evap- manometer.
 magnitude of expansions of orating. • Ice water in a beaker, source
 solids, liquids and gases • Equation of state. • Diffusion – mixing due to of heat, thermometer.
 • identify and explain some P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 molecular motion. • Perfume, bromine, smoke.
 of the everyday applications • Experiments on Charles’s
 and and Boyle’s law.
 consequences of • Charles’ law apparatus.
 • thermal expansion • Boyle’s law apparatus
 • describe qualitatively of tem-
 perature on the volume of a
 gas at constant pressure

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 to:
 7.2 Thermal Properties  compare qualitatively  Thermal expansion and  Carrying experiments to  Ball and ring experiment,
 order of magnitude of contraction. compare expansion and gouge and bar, empty
 expansion of solids  Thermostats, contraction in solids, flask fitted with a rubber
 liquids and gases thermometers, bridges, stopper with a glass
 liquids and gases.
  explain applications and railway lines and tubing, warm water, cold
 consequences of electrical cables, etc. cloth.
 thermal expansion  Carrying out experiments  Flask filled with water
 with different fitted with a rubber
 and contraction
 thermometers. stopper with a glass
  describe how a physical  Measurement of
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 property which varies temperature, fixed points tubing and warm water
 with temperature may be liquid in glass and ice water in a bowl.
 used for measurement thermometer (laboratory  Thermostats,
 of temperature and clinical), thermometers, bimetallic
  state such properties thermocouple strips.
 thermometer,

17
 advantages and
 disadvantages of each
 type of thermometer.

  state the need for and  Melting and boiling.  Carrying out experiments  Calorimeter, elements,
 identify fixed points on expansion and solids, water,
  describe sensitivity contraction of matter. thermometers, balance
 range and linearity  Determining melting point  Flat bottomed flasks,
  describe different types and boiling point tongs
  Latent heat.
 of experimentally and
 thermometers graphically. Consider
 both heating and cooling
  define and describe
 curves.
 melting and boiling in
 terms of energy transfer  Carry out experiments on
 without change of  Impurities and pressure. the influence of
 temperature atmospheric pressure
 and impurities on melting
  describe the effect of
 points and boiling points
 impurities and pressure
 to be discussed in terms
 on melting points and

 19

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 to:
 boiling points of of kinetic theory
 substances demonstrate.

  determine the specific  Definition of heat  Determining specific heat  Calorimeter, heating
 heat capacity capacity and specific capacity by experiments. elements, solids, water,
 of a liquid and a solid heat capacity(c). thermometers, balance,
  calculate the heat ∆Q=mc(ϑf−ϑi) = IVt.  Carrying out calculations clock, voltmeter,
 transfer from on specific heat capacity. ammeter, connecting
 leads, power, funnel, ice
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 experimental data  Heat supplied = heat  Explaining differences in
 gained heat capacities.
  explain why different Qloss = Qgained  Determining specific
 materials have different = Qsupplied. latent heat
 heat capacities experimentally.
 

18
 Explanation based on
  define specific latent particles.  Calculating specific latent
 heat heat.
  Fusion, vaporization
 (Assumption: No heat is
 Heat supplied =
  calculate specific latent lost or gained to
 heat gained. surrounding).
 heat
 ∆Q= ml.

 7.3 Heat Transfer  identify good and bad  Metals, non-metals and  Carrying out experiments  Lesley cube/wax
 conductors of heat liquids. to distinguish. between Conductor meter
  give a molecular account good and bad conductors  Beaker with water + a
 of heat transfer in solids  Conduction. of heat. colorant i.e. potassium
  relate convection to  Carrying out experiments permanganate.
 density changes in to demonstrate
 liquids and gases conduction and  Convection chamber
  Convection. convection.
  Experiments to
 demonstrate convection.

 20

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 to:

  describe experiments to  Radiation.  Carrying out  Reflectors, vacuum flask
 distinguish between  Good and bad experiments with dull and different surfaces.
 good and bad emitters/absorber. and bright surfaces.
 emitters/absorbers of  Parabolic dish, solar water
 infra-red radiation  Carrying out heater.
  Solar cooker and
  deduce that good vacuum flask, etc. experiments with
 absorbers are also good parabolic reflectors.  Wax
 emitters
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

  explain applications of  Carrying out  Thermometer
 conduction, convection  Solar water heater.
 Experiments to
 and radiation  Sea breezes.
 demonstrate solar water  Heater
  describe the function  Air vents.
 heating.
 and design of a solar  Air conditioner
 water heater

19
 8.0 INTERNAL COMBUSTION
 ENGINES

 8.1 Four stroke engine  describe the operations  Explaining importance of  Engine models,
  Compression, power,
 of a four stroke engine; exhaust and inlet a clean fuel supply,  Computer models,
  explain the role of the strokes. effects of limitation of air carburettor
 carburettor  Fuel and air supply. supply (choke control,
 blocked filters) and fuel
  Even firing and power supply (worn out jets).
 distribution.
  state the advantage of  Using a model to
  Ignition methods, demonstrate strokes.
 multiple cylinders in an relevant efficiency and
 engine  Explaining e fficiency as
 carbon monoxide (soot)
  compare the operations measured by fuel
 production.
 of a diesel and petrol economy (kilometres per
 engine litre).
  Size of parts.

 21

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 8. 1 Social and economic  identify renewable and  Renewable and non-  Identifying renewable  Wood, charcoal, coal,
 considerations of using non-renewable resources; renewable fuels. and non-renewable petroleum, bio gas,
 fuels  fuels  Deforestation, effects of resources. ethanol
  describe the social and the by-products, pollution.
 economic implication of  fuels Candles
  Safe handling of fuels.
 using fuels;

 9.0 WAVES
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 9.1 Mechanical wave  describe wave motion  Transverse and  Demonstrating reflection  Springs/slinky, ropes
 properties longitudinal waves. and refraction of wave ropes, ripple tanks
  Amplitude, wavelength, fronts practically.
  describe characteristics of
 a wave frequency and period  Calculating the period,
 T= 1/f, V =fλ velocity ,frequency and
  calculate velocity,

20
 wavelength of waves
 frequency and wavelength
  Media for mechanical  Carrying experiments to
 demonstrate waves.
  describe propagation of waves.
 waves in terms of wave  Reflection and refraction
 fronts and rays. wave fronts and rays

 9.2 Sound • describe how sound is pro- • Vibrations • Carrying experiments on • Fixed ruler/hacksaw blade
 duced sound production • Tuning forks and simple
 • describe the longitudinal • Compressions and rarefac- • Carrying out experiments musical instruments
 nature of sound waves tions. involving transmission in • ICT tools
 different media. • vacuum pump and electric
 • state the approximate range bell watch
 of audible frequency • Transmission of sound in • Determining speed of
 different media sound practically.

 22

FORM 3

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 9.2 Sound • explain the need of a me- • Speed of sound. • Carrying out experiments • starter gun/wooden block
 dium in the transmission of on pitch, loudness and wall shallow well
 sound waves • Pitch, loudness and quality. quality (No treatment of
 • describe experiments to de- • Reflection of sound. overtones.) • C.R.O, microphone, signal
 termine the speed of sound • Applications of echoes. generator
 in air; • Fishing industries
 • relate pitch, loudness and
 quality of sound waves to • Depth determination • Carrying out simple exper-
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 amplitude and frequency iments to demonstrate
 • describe echoes and appli- echoes
 cation

 9.3 Electromagnetic • identify the regions of the • Electromagnetic spectrum • No recall of actual wave- • Mirror, ICT tools, Oily sur-

21
 waves electromagnetic spectrum( lengths or frequencies is faces with light,Laptop or TV
 order of wavelength or fre- • Wavelength, frequency, required screens with DVD with light
 quency) speed • Discussing differences • UV and infrared sources ,
 • state the differences and and transmission and similarities between filters, computer
 similarities between electromagnetic waves.
 electromagnetic waves;
 • Uses of the different com- • Discussing applications of
 • state the uses of the dif- ponents electromagnetic waves in
 ferent components of the communication cooking,
 electromagnetic spectrum medical field remote sens-
 ing

FORM 4

 8.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT(Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES

 10.0 OPTICS

 10.1 Reflection of light  describe an experiment to  Laws of reflection,  Carrying out  Optic kit
 illustrate experiments on  ICT tools
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 the laws of reflection
 reflection
  use the law: I = r, in  Formation of images by  Carrying out
 reflection; plane mirrors. experiment to find the
  describe the position and image of an object
 characteristics of an

22
  Ray diagrams
 optical image
 formed by plane
 mirror
  perform simple  Constructing images
 constructions, formed by plane mirror
 measurements and
 calculations;

 25

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) CTIVITIES AND NOTES

 10.2 Refraction of light  state laws of refraction;  Optically dense and  Carrying out  Optic kit
 optically less dense experiments to  ICT tools
 media investigate
 refraction.
  describe refraction using  Drawing ray diagrams to
  Binoculars ,microscope
 ray diagrams; illustrate various and periscope
 
 situations of refraction
  describe refraction of light
 = 

  Experiments to
 
 
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 through transparent blocks Refraction at plane
 and liquids; surfaces demonstrate apparent
 depth
  define refractive index;
  define critical angle;  Apparent depth
  Experiments to
 determine refractive
  describe total internal  Ray diagrams index.

23
 reflection;
  describe applications of  Total internal reflection  Experiments to
 total internal reflection. and critical angle. demonstrate total
  Fibre optics internal reflection.
  Glass prisms instruments  Demonstrating
  Mirage application of total
 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT
 Straight object(Skills,
 in water SUGGESTED LEARNING
 internal reflection in fibre SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES
 optics; AND NOTES
 10.3 Lenses  describe the action of a  Converging and diverging  Carrying out  Optic kit, camera
 converging lens and lenses, focal point experiments to show
 diverging lens on a beam of convergence and
 light; divergence
  draw ray diagrams to  Nature and position of  Carrying out
 illustrate the formation of images experiments on
 real and virtual images formation of real and
 virtual images by
 converging lens.
  (No treatment of images
 formed by diverging
 lenses is required)
 26

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
  Explain how to measure  Focal length  Carrying out Optical kit
 the focal length of a demonstrations. Metre rule
 converging lens
  describe magnification of a  Magnification  (No calculations
 converging lens required)
 Camera and projector
  describe the use of a  Experiments to measure
 single lens as a the focal length of a
 
 magnifying glass converging lens. ICT tools
 
 = = ℎ /ℎ 

  describe the use of a
 single lens to form a real  Image characteristics.
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 image

  explain the use of lenses
 in the correction of short  Demonstrating the
 and long sight  Short and long sights. action of a magnifying

24
 glass.

 10.4 Dispersion of light  define dispersion of light  Visible spectrum.  Carrying out Optic kit and glass prism
  describe the dispersion of experiments on ICT tools
 light dispersion of light using
 a glass prism. Order of
 colours to be specified.
 11.0 ELECTRICITY • describe experiments • The electron, and positive • Carrying out experiments • Van de Graaf generator,
 11.1 Electrostatics to show electrostatic charges. to show electrostatic gold leaf electroscope,
 charging • Unit of charges. charging. Perspex, ebonite, cellulose
 • The Coulomb. • Rods/plates, cotton, fur,
 • describe forces between • Like and unlike Carrying experiments to glass rods
 charges of static electricity • Charges. demonstrate attraction • Polythene
 • describe an electric field • Force and electric charges. repulsion of charges.

 28

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 • state and describe the • Field lines and field pat- • Qualitative treatment only
 direction of field lines and terns
 simple field patterns; • Drawing diagram to show
 field -patterns.
 • distinguish between electric • Conductors and insulators
 conductors and insulators;
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 • explain separation of • Induced charge in conduc- • Demonstrating inductive
 charge by induction; tors charging using electro-
 scopes.
 • describe natural phenome- • Discussing lightning,
 na of static electricity • Lightning conductors safety precautions Appli- • Gold leaf electroscope

25
 cations and hazards
 • Formation, dangers, • Lightning conductors/
 earthing, shielding. shields
 • Constructing a lightning • ICT tools
 conductor

 11.2 Primary and secondary • use the concept that the • e.m.f of a cell/battery. • Sources of e.m.f. • Power supplies, cells,
 cells e.m.f is measured by ener- • List sources of e.m.f. batteries, accumulators,
 Electromotive force gy dissipated by a source • units of e.m.f. • Explaining the terms voltmeter,(photo voltaic
 in driving a charge round a e.m.f. and calculating cells)
 complete circuit current. I = Q/t.
 • show an understanding that
 the volt is given by J/C

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES RESOURCES

 11.3 Current electricity explain the flow of current in • Electric charge flow. •
 Ampere, the volt, milliam- • Ammeter, voltmeter,
 a circuit • Ammeter, ampere. pere range. multimeters
 use the equation I=Q/t • Conventional direction of • Using a voltmeter to mea- • Carbon Resistors
 measure current and volt- current. sure p.d. Ammeter, voltmeters,
 age • Different ranges of voltage • Using an ammeter to mea- multimeters,
 define potential differences and current. sure current. power sources, leads,
 • use the concept that the Voltage in a series circuit.• Carrying out experiments switches.
 sum of the potential differ- VT=V1+V2+------- using voltmeter in a series
 ences in a series circuit is circuit.
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 the same as the potential Law of conservation of • Carrying out experiments to
 difference across the whole energy verify Ohm’s Law and cal- • Colour code chart
 circuit culations involving Ohm’s
 • state and apply Ohm’s law law.
 Resistance • Carrying put experiments to

26
 • describe an experiment to R=V/I determine resistance.
 determine resistance using Experimental determination • Carrying out simple exper-
 a voltmeter and an ammeter of resistance. iments to investigate the
 limitations. • Different swg wires of
 • state the limitations of • Sketching and interpret- e.g. Constantine, ni-
 Ohm’s law ing the V/I characteristics chrome, copper, mi-
 Thickness and length of a graphs. crometre screw gauge,
 • sketch and interpret the conductors. • Variations of resistance of metre rule
 V/I characteristics graphs conductor with temperature
 for metallic (ohmic) and Temperature (e.g. in a bulb), tension or if
 non-ohmic conductors placed in a strong magnetic
 field.
 • Use the relationship be- • Carrying out experiments
 tween the resistance, length R=ρl/A to investigate the relation-
 and cross-sectional area of ships.
 a wire

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITES AND NOTES
 Learners should be able to
 11.4 Electric circuits  set up simple electric  simple circuits.  Mounting circuits and  Cells, switches, resistors
 circuits measuring current variable resistors, bulbs,
 through resistors in ammeters, voltmeters
 parallel. and fuses, connecting
  draw and interpret circuit  draw and interpret circuit
  Carrying out practical leads.
 diagrams diagrams.
 activities on electric  Circuit boards, fuses,
 circuits. switches, computer
  use the fact that the  I=I1+I2+I3.
 current from the source
 is the sum of currents in  Drawing and interpreting
 
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 the separate branches of R=R1+R2+R3. circuit diagrams.
 a parallel circuit

  calculate resistance in
 simple circuits  Series and parallel
 resistors.  Calculating resistance for

27
 series and parallel
 1 1 1 resistors.
 = + +−−

 11.5 Electricity in the home • describe uses of electricity • Heating, lighting and mo- • Discussing and listing uses • Three-pin plug, two-pin
 1 2

 in the home tors, lamps in parallel. of electricity in the home. plug, fuses, breakers,
 • Reading of electricity me- heating elements, iron, fan,
 • calculate electrical power, • The kilowatt-hour ters and costing. electric meters, motors,
 energy and the cost of P=VI E=Vlt . • Discussing damaged insu- ICT tools
 electricity lation, overheating cables
 • Hazards. and damp conditions.
 • describe electrical haz- • Safety precautions.
 ards and safety precau-
 tions
 • describe the wiring of a
 three-pin plug

 33

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITES AND NOTES

 11.5 Electricity in the home • explain the use of fuses, • Live, neutral and earth. • Experiments demonstrat- • Fuses, switches on live
 fuse ratings and switches • Double insulation of appli- ing electrical hazards wire
 ance. must NOT be done.
 • Wiring of a plug. • Insulated cables, electricity
 • Examining appliances meters
 with double insulation
 • Demonstrating the op-
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 eration of a fuse and a
 switch.
 • Explaining why fuses
 and switches are always
 on live wire.

28
 12.0 MAGNETISM
 12.1 Magnetic properties • state the properties of • Polarity. • Carrying out experiments • Magnets, pocket compass,
 magnets • Attraction and repulsion. to investigate properties cell, solenoid/coils, different
 • describe magnetic field • Magnetic field lines. of magnets. materials both magnetic
 lines around magnets • Pattern and direction. • Carrying out experiments and non-magnetic, iron fil-
 • explain induced magne- • Induction. to demonstrate induced ings, paper, heat, hammer.
 tism; • Single and double stroking, magnetism.
 • describe methods of mag- using a solenoid • Carrying out experiments
 netisation; • Demagnetisation by ham- to demonstrate magneti-
 • describe methods of mering, heating and electri- sation.
 demagnetisation; cal methods.
 • Relative ease of magneti-
 sation and demagnetization
 temporary and permanent
 magnets

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 • distinguish between mag- temporary and permanent • Magnetising and demag- • Iron and steel rods/cores
 netic and magnets netising pieces of iron and
 • non-magnetic materials steel.
 • distinguish between the
 magnetic properties of iron
 and steel
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 12.2 Application of • describe uses of temporary • Temporary magnets and • Discussing uses of tempo- • Video and audio tapes, com-
 magnetism magnets their uses. rary magnets. puter
 • describe uses and applica- • Permanent magnets and • Discussing uses of perma- discs, electric bell,
 tion of permanent magnets their uses. nent magnets • Electric motors, loudspeak-
 ers, generators, telephone
 receivers

29
 13.0 ELECTROMAGNETISM
 13.1 Magnetic effect of an • describe an experiment to •Magnetic field patterns. • Demonstrating field around • Long straight conductor, so-
 electric current demonstrate that a cur- current lenoids, switch, leads, pocket
 rent-carrying conductor has • Magnetic field patterns • Carrying conductor using /plotting campus, (cell), DC
 a magnetic field around it of solenoid. iron fillings and plotting source, ICT tools
 • describe an experiment to compass.
 plot magnetic field patterns
 due to a current-carrying • Direction of magnetic • Plotting magnetic field lines
 solenoid field. due to a solenoid.
 • predict the direction of
 magnetic field of straight
 conductor and of a sole- • Right hand grip rule. • Predicting direction of field
 noid lines.

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, atti- SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: tudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 13.2 Force on • describe an experiment to show • Fleming’s left hand rule. • Experiments on field • Two Long straight conduc-
 current carrying that a current-carrying conductor patterns between parallel tors, switch, leads, pocket /
 conductor in a magnetic field experiences a • Force between parallel cur- currents. plotting campus, cell.
 magnetic in a
 force rents, field patterns.
 magnetic field
 • describe the field patterns be- • Factors affecting magnitude of • Demonstrating the effect
 tween parallel currents and relate force. of a magnetic field on a • Electric bell, relay, reed
 these to the forces which exist current carrying conductor. switch, microphone, speak-
 between the currents er etc.
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 • predict the direction of motion of • Action of an electric bell and • Experiments to show rela- • DC motor model, insulated
 a current-carrying conductor in a a simple relay Electrical to tionship between direction wire, block of wood, leads
 magnetic mechanical energy. of current, field and motion
 • describe the application of the Constructing a simple d.c.
 magnetic effect of a current motor

30
 • describe the operation of a d.c. • Field, current and motion,
 motor turning effect commutator

 13.3 • describe an experiment which • The generator principle. • Carrying out experiments • Coils with different number
 Electromagnetic shows that a changing magnetic to show generator princi- of turns and cross sectional
 induction field can induce an e.m.f. in a ple. area of coils, solenoids, bar
 circuit or conductor magnets, galvanometer,
 • state the factors affecting the • Strength of magnet, relative CRO.
 magnitude of induced e.m.f. motion, number of turns, area • Carrying out experiments • ICT tools
 • use the fact that direction of of coil. to investigate factors which
 an induced e.m.f opposes the • Lenz’s law. affect e.m.f.
 change producing it

 • Carrying out experiment to
 show Lenz’s law.

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, atti- SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: tudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES

 • predict the direction of induced • Fleming’s right hand rule. • Using Flemming’s right
 current in a conductor hand rule to make predic-
 tions.
 • describe the operation of an a.c. • mechanical to electrical ener-
 and d.c. generators gy. • Identifying slip rings, com-
 • differences between a.c.and mutator, brush, coil and
 d.c. magnets.
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 • Sketching velocity time
 graphs.

 • Discussing the factors
 affecting output voltage.

31
 • Comparing a.c. and d.c.
 generators.

 13.4 Transformers • describe the structure and • Primary and secondary coils, • Demonstrating the opera- • Coils with multiple tapings,
 principle of operation of a basic laminated core, voltage. tion of a simple transformer. iron cores, voltmeters,
 iron-cored transformer • Transformer efficiency, cooling • Solving problems using the multi-metres, C.R.O, ac
 • use transformer equations and eddy currents. transformer equation sources, Hall probe
 • Magnetic flax heating. • Discussing efficiency (ener-
 • describe the use of transformer • Joule heating. gy loss).
 in high-voltage transmission
 • discuss the energy loss in cables Vp /Ns=Np/Ns and VpIp=VsIs
 • give advantages of high voltage • Discussing the advantages • ICT tools
 transmission • Current and potential differ- of high-voltage transmis-
 ence in step-up and step-down sion.
 transformers

FORM 4

 TOPIC OBJECTIVES UNIT CONTENT (Skills, SUGGESTED LEARNING SUGGESTED RESOURCES
 Learners should be able to: attitudes and knowledge) ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 14.0 ELECTRONICS • explain that a hot filament • Emission of electrons • Demonstrating thermionic • CRT, tubes and kits, comput-
 14.1Thermionic emits electrons from hot metals. emission. er, magnetic field source
 emission • describe how these elec- • Discussing acceleration • ICT tools
 trons can be directed into • Acceleration and collima- and collimation of elec-
 an electron beam describe tion of electrons. trons.
 the effect of a magnetic or • Reflecting of electron NOTE : Direction of deflection
 electric field on an electron beam. of electron beam.
 beam • Relating to TV tubes and
 CRO.
 O Level Physics Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

 14.2 Diodes • describe the function of • Function of diodes • Carrying out experiments • LED cells, diodes, circuit
 diodes • Switch and rectification to demonstrate the func- boards, electronic kits
 • Circuit symbol/ LEDs tion of a diode.
 14.3 Rectification • define rectification • Conversion of a.c. to d.c. • Carrying out experiments • Electronic kit, diodes, AC

32
 • explain half and full wave • Use of diodes, voltage – on rectification and source, capacitor, CRO
 rectification time graphs. smoothening. • Power supplies
 • Voltag time graphs

 14.4 Electronic • describe the behaviour of • Colour and coding. • Reading colour codes and • Coded carbon resistors of
 Components resistor tolerance. various ratings and ranges
 • use a given colour code • Measuring resistance • Potential dividers/rheostat,
 for resistance values thermostats/thermistor
 • choose components with
 suitable power ratings
 • describe the action of a
 variable potential divider
 • describe the action of ther- Potentiometer use as input • Carrying out experiments • capacitors, bulbs, reed
 mostats and light depen- transducers with resistors capacitors, switches, strain-gauge, po-
 dent resistors Energy store thermistors, LED, potenti- tentiometers, buzzers
 • describe the action of a • Time delay circuits ometer
 capacitor
 • explain the use of reed
 switches in circuits