Paint Manual - Hempel Yacht
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Paint Manual 2018
Contents
Thank you for choosing Hempel 43 Osmosis
1 Contents 44 What is osmosis and howit is
2 Why do I need to paint my boat? caused?
3 Preparing to paint 45 Osmosis protection
4 Planning the job 47 Osmosis treatment
5 Temperature and humidity 49 Using Hempel’s High Protect
6 Personal protection 51 Our products
8 Removing old paint and antifouling 52 Primers and undercoats
9 Cleaning and degreasing 57 Fillers
10 Abrading 59 Antifoulings and bottom coats
13 Application methods and tools 69 Fouling Release System
16 Choosing the right paint system 80 Topcoats
17 Painting advice and specifications 83 Varnishes
18 General painting advice for all 85 Teak treatment
substrates 86 Thinners
21 Repainting all substrates 87 Boatcare
23 Glassfibre 89 Reference
26 Metal 90 Calculating areas to be painted
29 Varnishing wood 91 Health and safety
36 Decks, bilges and lockers 93 Troubleshooting
38 Keels 95 Technical terms
39 Propellers, outdrivers and Colour Card
sterngear
42 Mast protection
1
Preparing to paint
Why do I need to paint my boat?
We need to paint for a whole number of reasons. As well as decoration and
appearance, painting helps protect your boat, makes it easier to clean and safer
to sail. By creating a film between a substrate (surface) and the environment,
paint protects:
Steel & aluminium against Corrosion
GRP against Osmosis
Wood against Rot and weathering
Underwater areas against Fouling
Decks against Abrasion
Once the surface is protected, paint can be used to
enhance the appearance of your boat.
The Hempel Group
of companies was
established in 1915 by Mr
J C Hempel with the motto of
“Quality and Service”, which
remains the hallmark of the
Hempel Group today.
2
Preparing to paint
• Planning the job
• Temperature and humidity
• Personal protection
• Surface preparation
• Application methods
and tools
• Choosing the right
paint system
3
Preparing to paint
Planning the job
General considerations: Indoor and outdoor painting advice:
• Consider the total process, • If you’re painting indoors, make sure
including surface preparation and there’s plenty of ventilation so the
paint application. paint solvents evaporate and the
• Decide on the type of paints you’re paint cures properly.
going to use. • If you’re painting outside, pick a
• Consider drying, curing and recoat- calm weather day. This minimises
ing intervals. the risk of dust pollution on the paint
• Consider anticipated temperatures surface, and allows solvent based
and weather conditions. paints to flow out naturally, which will
improve the final finish.
4
Preparing to paint
Temperature and humidity
Our paints are very tolerant to varying Avoid painting above recommended
conditions. The drying/curing and maximum temperatures, as the faster
re-coating times we give in this guide drying/curing rates reduce the paint’s
are (unless otherwise stated) based on: flowing properties, and this can result
• temperatures of 10oC and 20oC in visible application marks. This can
• relative humidity (RH) of 60 – 65% also happen if you paint in direct
• a well ventilated working area. sunlight, where the surface has a
much higher temperature than the
Temperature surrounding (ambient) temperature.
You may need to adjust these drying/
curing times depending on the Check minimum application
conditions. As a guide: temperature of the paint you are
• double drying/curing times for a using as the paint will not cure below
drop of 10oC it, resulting in poor film formation,
• halve drying/curing times for a poor adhesion between coats and
rise of 10oC unsatisfactory gloss finishes.
• adjust accordingly between these
temperatures. Relative humidity
Ideally, relative humidity should not be
Remember that paint properties above 65%. (You can measure humidity
change with temperature variation. with a hygrometer.)
At lower temperatures, paint thickens A good test is to moisten the surface
so may need thinning. Always note to be painted. If it dries within 10 – 15
correct/maximum thinner ratios, and minutes it should be okay to paint.
take care not to add more than is
recommended.
Key Advice
Do not paint outdoors too
early or too late in the day,
when there’s a risk of
condensation or dew.
5Personal protection
Personal protection
Ensure you wear suitable protective application and health & safety advice.
clothing, including gloves and glasses. Open cans with care. Don’t eat or drink
Read labels carefully and follow all in the vicinity of stored or applied paint.
What are the hazards The equipment to use
Chemical splash, dust, Safety spectacles, goggles,
paint particles and droplets, face shields, visors.
projectiles, vapour.
Eyes
Breathing dust, vapour, fumes, Short term filtering mask
aerosols, oxygen-deficient against dust while sanding.
atmospheres, paint particles. Half facemask for sanding
and painting, can be
disposable or with replaceable
Breathing filter cartridges. Full air feed
facemask for spray painting.
Abrasion, cuts and punctures, Leather gloves, latex gloves,
impact, chemicals, solvents, armlets.
liquid paints, skin infection.
Hands
Dust, dirt, oil and grease, paint Barrier cream: short term
particles. protection.
Cleaning cream: designed
to remove contaminates and
cause least skin damage.
Hands Maintenance cream: to help
restore the skin’s natural
protective layers.
6Personal protection
What are the hazards The equipment to use
Damage to inner ear from loud Ear defenders, ear muffs, ear
or constant noise levels. plugs.
Hearing
Chemical or paint splash, Overalls, coveralls.
spray from spray guns, impact
or penetration, dust, excessive
wear or entanglement of own
clothing.
Body
Wet, slipping, cuts and Steel toe protection and
punctures, falling objects, anti-slip soles. May be a pre-
chemical and paint splash, requisite on some sites.
abrasion.
Feet
Impact from falling objects, A range of helmets and bump
head bumping, hair caps.
entanglement.
Head
7Surface preparation
Removing old paint and antifouling
Removing old paints and antifoulings can be easier with Hempel’s Paint
Stripper, which is a highly effective solvent based paint remover, and can be
used on most painted or varnished surfaces.
• Test a small section to see how long Alternatives to Hempel’s Paint Stripper
the whole job is likely to take. Abrading. Use coarse paper for coat-
• Apply Hempel’s Paint Stripper ings, being careful not to damage the
liberally by brush or roller to a substrate. Wet abrade antifoulings to
dry surface. avoid inhaling toxic dust particles.
• Take caution on plastics (it may
harm some thermoplasts). Hot air guns can remove paints and
• Don’t do too big an area at once. varnishes, but not antifoulings as toxic
• Leave for 15 – 30 minutes until the fumes are released.
paint coat dissolves or lifts. (Antifoul- Don’t damage/burn the substrate!
ings, alkyd paints and varnishes
react quickest, silicone and epoxy Paint scrapers work for varnishes and
take longer.) paints, but not antifoulings.
• We recommend putting aluminium
foil over the treated area to help stop
active solvents evaporating.
• Scrape off old paint; clean with hot
water and Hempel’s Pre-Clean.
• Old or thick coatings may need a
repeat treatment. Wet abrade
Key Advice Hot air gun / paint scraper
If you’re using a hot
air gun, use at low
temperature and take
great care.
Paint scraper
8Surface preparation
Cleaning and degreasing
Good surface preparation is the key to achieving a great finish. Part of this
preparation is making sure the surface is free from dirt and contamination.
Pre-Cleaning Degreasing
Hempel’s Pre-Clean is a high strength Use Hempel’s Degreaser to remove
cleaner and degreaser for pre-cleaning surface contaminants, especially wax
gelcoat and painted surfaces in order or silicone on new gelcoat. Do not
to remove fuel, oil, grease, waxes and use it on single component convention-
silicones. You should use this before al paint systems, as the solvents in
painting, and for deep cleaning. Hempel’s Degreaser can damage the
• Dilute 1 part Hempel’s Pre-Clean coating.
to 20 parts water for general • Work in a well ventilated area using
cleaning, 1:10 for more demanding a clean absorbent, lint free cloth
cleaning jobs. soaked in Hempel’s Degreaser.
• Don’t use on bare or untreated • Using the soaked cloth in a longitu-
wood, as it may absorb the water. dinal motion, clean 1m2 at a time,
changing the cloth surface before
You can also use Hempel’s Pre-Clean the next section – wear solvent
to clean brushes covered in part cured resistant gloves and eye protection
paint. while doing this.
• Wipe excess Hempel’s Degreaser
from the surface using a new
dry cloth.
Key Advice
Check the surface for
grease by sprinkling it with
water. If pearly drops form, the
For general cleaning, surface is still greasy and needs a
see Boatcare section, further treatment with Hempel’s
page 87 – 89. Degreaser. If the water flows out
evenly, no grease is left on
the surface.
9Surface preparation
Abrading
After cleaning the surface you’re going to paint, it must be abraded to the correct
profile. This is usually called “keying” the surface. After keying, it’s essential to
remove any dust before painting.
Dry abrading grades and comes in sheets, disks or
Dry abrading is recommended for: on a roll. To ensure even hand abrad-
• removing old paint (not antifouling) ing, wrap the paper around a cork
• sanding filler sanding block.
• initial preparation of wood, alu-
minium, steel, lead and GRP.
Dry sanding creates a lot of dust, so
Do not dry abrade
you should always wear a good quality
antifoulings. They must
particle mask and eye protection. Dry
always be wet abraded
abrasive paper is available in various
to avoid inhaling toxic
dust particles.
Size paper to fit block Wrap paper around block Dry abade
10Surface preparation
Wet Abrading
Due to the lubricating action of the Wet abrasive paper is available in
water, there is minimum paper clogging sheets in various grades, and should
and a clean surface can be quickly be used around a cork sanding block to
achieved. ensure an evenly abraded surface.
Antifoulings must always be wet abrad-
ed to avoid inhaling toxic dust particles.
Wet abrasive paper Wet abrade Remove soiled water
Choosing the right grade paper
Surface to abrade Dry paper grade Wet paper grade
Gelcoat before priming for antifouling 150 180
Gelcoat before priming for topcoat 150 – 180 240
Bare wood 80 – 240 n/a
Bare metal 60 – 120 n/a
Epoxy filler (2 component) 60 – 100 n/a
Painted surface 150 – 180 180 – 240
Lakeret overflade 220 240
Varnished surface 80 – 120 120
Old/deteriorated gelcoat n/a 400 – 1200
Hard antifouling for a racing finish 280 – 400 600 – 800
11Surface preparation
Mechanical Abrading Abrasive Blasting
The most popular types are: Blasting leaves the ideal surface for
new coatings. Grit, slurry and sand are
Belt Sander good for this. For aluminium and stain-
For rapidly removing material on flat less steel, use a non-metallic abrasive,
surfaces. such as garnet.
Random Orbital/Dual Action Sanders This is usually carried out by a profes-
Rapidly removes material from most sional with the right equipment, but
surfaces. With the correct paper you can hire a high pressure hose with
grades, you can use these sanders attachments.
all the way from rough sanding to final
sanding before topcoat application.
Orbital Sander
General purpose sander for most
preparations. Uses standard abrasive
paper, making it an economic choice.
Key Advice
Only use drill machine
attachments and angle grinders for
rough abrading as they can cut in and
leave marks.
Only lightly sand plywood and
veneered surfaces to avoid
sanding through the thin layer
of veneer.
12Application methods and tools
Application methods and tools
There are four main tools: brush, roller, paint pad and spray equipment.
Alongside the description of each product in this manual, we recommend the
best application tool.
Brush Roller
Advantages Advantages
Versatile, low cost and often the most A low cost, versatile tool with similar
suitable way to paint complex objects. advantages to brush application. Roll-
For rough surfaces, a brush works paint ers are particularly good on broad, even
in better than any other method. surfaces, where they’re faster than
brushing and the correct roller head can
Good practice give excellent results.
• Use a good quality brush that’s
as large as possible for the job. Good practice
• Don’t use a new brush for the final • If speed is more important than fin-
coat, as they tend to shed bristles. ish, use a short pile mohair roller.
• For best results, work ‘crisscross’ on • Small diameter felt and closed cell
a manageable area. Brush from side foam rollers are recommended for
to side, then up and down. a better quality finish.
• Continue until the paint is evenly • In all cases use the crisscross tech-
distributed over the area, with your nique to distribute the paint evenly.
final strokes being very light (“laying- • After applying by roller, laying off the
off”) and vertical. (See Paint Pad on paint with a brush or pad will give an
the next page for an alternative way improved finish.
of laying off). • Before using a new felt or mohair
• Paint with the brush at an angle roller, wrap masking tape around the
of 45o to minimise brush marks. roller and then pull it off. This will
• During painting, the paint will start to remove any loose fibres.
cure on the brush. Clean the brush
approximately every 30 minutes
for consistency.
13Application methods and tools
Paint pad Spray equipment
Advantages Advantages
Although you can paint from scratch It’s generally accepted that a spray gun
with a pad, they’re most effective for gives the best results.
laying off paint already applied by
brush or roller. This eliminates almost Good practice
all application marks, and gives an • Where possible, work inside to
excellent finish. ensure a steady temperature with
low humidity.
Good practice • Always wear a full air fed mask when
• Use the pad immediately after spraying two pack products.
you’ve applied the paint.
• Draw the pad in one direction only,
using vertical strokes to avoid a
paint build up which may sag.
Spatula
Advantages
Different sizes and shapes of spatula
are available for various fillers and
tasks.
Good practice
• If using a two component filler,
mix small amounts at a time.
• Wipe the spatula clean during
and after use.
14Application methods and tools
An important part of choosing the right tool is knowing how thick your paint
needs to be, thus how much area you’ll be able to cover. Paint coat film
thickness is measured in micron. (1 micron = 1/1000 mm).
How to measure film thickness How much will I get?
You can use a wet film thickness (wft)
gauge if coating depth is critical, but Tool/method Wet film thickness
normally it’s sufficient to calculate (micron)
the area to be covered and apply the Plastic foam 20 – 40
recommended amount of paint. This roller
should ensure the correct thickness.
Felt roller 30 – 60
Our specifications supply this infor- Mohair roller 40 – 80
mation, listing the litres required per Brush 20 – 80
square metre.
Air spray 25 – 150
Factors to bear in mind
• Thickness alters as paint dries,
because solvents evaporate. (An
exception is Hempel’s High Protect –
it’s solvent-free, so the thickness is Key Advice
the same wet and dry.)
• An irregular surface means a larger Don’t try to apply more than the
area, and therefore more paint. specified amount of product for one
• Some surfaces absorb more paint coat, as this can cause problems
than others. with curing and solvent entrapment
• When it’s cold, paint is thicker and which may result in coating
more difficult to distribute evenly. failure.
Wet
Film
Thickness
15Choosing the right paint system
Choosing the right paint system
It’s important to choose the best system for your requirements. A little time
spent now could save costly mistakes. For most applications we offer two types
of coating system: Single Component (Conventional) and Two Component
(High Performance).
One Component Two Component
Protection Good/Conventional Good/High
Usage Easy to use. Use on Some experience
substrates where movement needed. Consideration to
is possible such as clinker or temperature and overcoating
carvel hulls. times required. Use where
movement of substrate is
minimal.
Compatibility One component primer can A two component primer
and overcoat- only be overcoated with one can be overcoated either
ing component system/topcoat. by one component or two
component system/ topcoat.
Durability Good but less durable than Generally twice as durable
two componet systems. as single componet systems.
Key Advice
If you buy more than one can
of topcoat or antifouling, it is
recommended that the cans
have the same batch number.
16Painting advice and specifications • General painting advice for all substrates • Painting glassfibre • Painting metal • Painting and varnishing wood • Painting decks, bilges and lockers • Painting keels • Painting propellers, outdrives and sterngear • Mast protection • Repainting all substrates
General painting advice
General painting advice
This section contains general painting advice, as well as advice for painting on
specific surfaces.
Before painting, ensure... General good practice when painting
• the substrate has been cleaned • Open cans with care.
and degreased. • Immediately clean up spills.
• all cracks and blemishes, above and • Don’t eat or drink in the vicinity
below the waterline, have been fine of stored or applied paint.
filled with Hempel’s Epoxy Filler. • Wear appropriate personal protec-
• the surface has been abraded to tion equipment.
provide a suitable key, then washed • Ensure adequate ventilation for
with fresh water and allowed to dry. the product used. If necessary use
• any dust on the surface has been a respirator.
removed with a tack rag. • Always read the label thoroughly.
If you’re not sure what’s needed,
General tips when painting contact your local Hempel office.
• Thoroughly prepare the surface – • Any surface to be painted must
this is key to a successful finish. always be thoroughly cleaned
• To avoid dust rising, dampen the and primed.
ground before painting.
• Always stir paint thoroughly with a
flat blade to an even consistency.
• Stir paint periodically while applying.
• Pour enough paint for the job into
a suitable container. With single
pack products, resealing the lid
maintains the paint for next time.
• It’s often easier if two people carry
Key Advice
out brush and roller painting, with Check previous coating
the first person applying the paint system for compatibility
with a roller and the second person to intended new coating
laying-off with a brush. system.
• Remove any masking tape before the
paint completely cures. This will help
avoid exaggerated edges.
18General painting advice
Fill along boottop Fairing any defects
Filling Fairing
To fill, build up a surface to the Once the filled area has cured, sand
required profile or spot fill (minor de- the filled and surrounding area to the
fects), apply chosen filler onto a rough- required fair profile.
ened, clean, primed surface.
When spot filling, use a filling knife or Spot Fairing
spatula. For best results, sand by hand using
abrasive paper on a cork block to the
For large profile filling, use a wide filling required fair profile.
knife or trowel.
Fairing large areas
If there are small cracks in gelcoat, you Large areas can be faired using a
may need to widen the crack to create range of tools. Initial fairing can be
enough space to apply the filler. carried out using a sander with rough
grade discs, followed by a random
Ensure you use the correct amount of orbital or orbital sander with lighter
filler. If you use too much, you’ll need grade discs for a fairer surface. Skill is
more sanding to produce a fair surface. needed when using these tools.
When filling deep holes or large areas, It’s often more successful to use a
apply a number of layers of filler to manual fairing board. Although it’s
eliminate the chance of overfilling or slower, it can easily produce a smooth,
sagging on vertical surfaces. fair surface.
19General painting advice Apply antifouling over primer Wet scrape to remove old antifouling Antifouling Most antifoulings are compatible and • Apply an extra coat along the water- can easily be overcoated, however: line and the leading edges, where • The surface must be in good condi- water flows strongest. tion, free from contaminates. • It’s not advisable to thin antifoulings. • Hard antifoulings leave an exhausted However, in particularly cold condi- layer of resin at the end of the tions, thinning it by up to 10% will season. Wet abrade surface before help with application. applying new anti-fouling. • Never dry sand old antifouling, • You can overcoat Teflon antifouling, as the dust is toxic. if it’s in good condition and has been washed. Do not abrade before apply- ing new antifouling. • A traditional/soft antifouling should be sealed with Hempel’s Underwater Key Advice Primer before applying an erodible or hard antifouling on top of it. If you’re changing your • Keep the antifouling product indoors antifouling, check the before painting as it’s easier to instructions for applying the apply if it has been stored at new product onto your existing “room” temperature. product. If in doubt, apply • Always give antifoulings a good stir Hempel’s Underwater with a bladed instrument before Primer. applying, as they contain heavy pig- ments which can settle. 20
Repainting all substrates
Repainting all substrates
Maintaining coatings helps the protection, appearance and value of your boat.
Both two component and single component finishes need repainting. How often
varies from boat to boat, depending on the existing paint system, usage, general
wear and tear, mooring conditions and UV degradation.
Above the waterline
If the existing coating is intact
• Wash with Hempel’s Pre-Clean
and freshwater to remove surface
contamination.
• Allow to dry fully.
• Abrade with 180 – 280 grade paper.
• Freshwater rinse and allow to dry.
Fill using blade
• Apply undercoat where necessary,
followed by 1 – 2 coats of topcoat,
using the relevant painting spec-
ifications.
Where the coatings are damaged
You may need to fill and prime first.
• Degrease the surface thoroughly
with Hempel’s Pre-Clean or
Hempel’s Degreaser (depending Spot fill using spatula
on substrate).
• Abrade with 100 – 240 grade paper.
• Freshwater wash and allow to dry.
• Spot prime and fill where needed,
using appropriate materials.
• Fair areas that have been filled.
• Apply primer, undercoat and topcoat
using relevant painting specification.
Spot prime
Please remember 2 component
products should not be applied to any
single pack system.
21Repainting all substrates
Below the waterline
We recommend new antifouling once a
year for good protection
If the existing coating is intact
Overcoat using the same antifouling:
• Wash the surface with
Hempel’s Pre-Clean and freshwa- Clean abraded surface
ter, remove any loose paint and
allow to dry.
• Apply two coats of antifouling.
• See page 45 for more information.
Where the coatings are damaged
You may need to fill and prime first.
• Wet abrade (100 – 240
grade paper).
• Wash with Hempel’s Pre-Clean and Apply Hempel’s Underwater Primer onto
prepared surface
freshwater, then allow to dry.
• Spot prime and fill where needed,
using appropriate materials.
• Fair filled areas, apply more coats
of primer to encapsulate the filler.
• Allow to dry fully before applying
primer and antifouling from relevant
painting specification.
Apply antifouling over primer or tiecoat
22Painting substrates – Glassfibre
Glassfibre
Glassfibre, or GRP (glass reinforced plastic), is a polyester resin strengthened
by glass fibres, making a high strength, low weight material which requires little
maintenance.
Painting glassfibre Repainting glassfibre
The outer shell of the glassfibre has a Over time gelcoat becomes old and
layer of gelcoat. New gelcoat contains weathered. This will cause the cos-
large residues of wax and mould- metic appearance to deteriorate, and
release agents that must be removed eventually it will need painting to pro-
before painting. Use Hempel’s tect the surface. Generally the deck
Pre-Clean or Hempel’s Degreaser to and coach roof will deteriorate sooner
remove mould release agents used in than the topsides.
the construction of the vessel. Abrade
the surface (150 – 180 grade paper). The extent of the degradation depends
Remove dust. on many factors:
• colour and pigment of the gelcoat,
• if the gelcoat has been maintained,
• condition of where the vessel is kept
e.g. strong UV light,
• mechanical damage,
• weathering, etc.
Key Advice
Old gelcoat will probabily
still bear residues of wax
and mould-release agents
and it will be necessary to
carry out a degreasing
procedure.
23Painting substrates – Glassfibre
Glassfibre – single pack system/conventional
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Primer 8 hrs – 40 hrs –
2 12 100 40 No 1
Undercoat 6 days 3 days
Brilliant 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Gloss 6 days 3 days
Brilliant 20 hrs – 10 hrs –
2-3 11.2 90 50 No 1
Gloss 6 days 3 days
* Always abrade before using Hempel’s Primer Undercoat on glassibre.
Below the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Underwater 6 hrs – 3 hrs –
2 7.8 160 50 No 1
Primer* indefinite indefinite
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to product label No 3
Primer
* Always abrade before using Hempel’s Underwater Primer on glassibre.
24Painting substrates – Glassfibre
Glassfibre – two component system/high performance
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 2** 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
16 hrs – 8 hrs – No 2
Polygloss 2–3 16.0 75 35
6 days 3 days No 6
Below the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
max. thinned 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
20% 60 days 30 days
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
onto Light 4** 7.8 120 60 No 1
60 days 30 days
Primer
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to product label No 3
Primer
*For best results overcoat Hempel’s Light Primer with Hempel’s Underwater
Primer when the surface is almost dry but still has a slight tacky feel.
** Thinner can be added to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
25Painting substrates – Metal
Metal
Steel and aluminium are widely used in boat construction due to their
strength, ease of fabrication and water tightness.
In the marine environment, they need Before working on metal, it must be
painting to ensure resistance to corro- free of corrosion. Remove salt and
sion and for a cosmetic finish. contamination by high pressure
With the correct surface preparation (min 2500 psi) freshwater washing.
and paint system, steel and aluminium Grit blast steel to Sa2.5 (Swedish Visu-
hulls will give long periods of service al Standard, ie near white metal),
with minimal maintenance. or abrade. Grit blast aluminium with
non-metal abrasives, or abrade with
Particular tips for painting metal 60 – 120 grade paper to bright metal.
It’s essential that the paint system Prime bare metal with Hempel’s Light
completely isolates the metal surface Primer, thinned 20%, straight after
from air and water. surface preparation to avoid contami-
nation and surface deterioration before
Metal plates are often pre-primed coating, and to obtain maximum adhe-
with a protective shop primer. This sion to the surface.
isn’t intended to be part of the coating Check surface temperature before
system, and ideally should be removed coating, as metal surfaces can vary
before starting the coating. greatly from the ambient temperature.
Steel – single pack/conventional
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Primer 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
2 12 100 40 No 1
Undercoat 6 days 3 days
Brilliant
Gloss 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
onto Primer 6 days 3 days
Undercoat
Brilliant 20 hrs – 10 hrs –
2-3 11.2 90 50 No 1
Gloss 6 days 3 days
26Painting substrates – Metal
Steel – two component/high performance
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 2** 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
16 hrs – 8 hrs – No 2,
Polygloss 2–3 16.0 75 35
6 days 3 days No 6
Below the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 4** 8.2 125 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
Underwater
4 hrs – 2 hrs –
Primer onto 1 7.8 125 50 No 1
8 hrs 4 hrs
Light Primer
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to product label No 3
Primer
*For best results overcoat Hempel’s Light Primer with Hempel’s Underwater
Primer when the surface is almost dry but still has a slight tacky feel.
** Thinner can be added to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
27Painting substrates – Metal
Aluminium – two component/high performance
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 1* 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
Polygloss/
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
onto Light
60 days 30 days
Primer
16 hrs – 8 hrs – No 2,
Polygloss 2 16 75 35
6 days 3 days No 6***
Below the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 4* 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
Underwater
2 hrs – 1 hrs –
Primer onto 1 7.8 125 50 No 1
4 hrs 2 hrs
Light Primer**
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to product label No 3
Primer
*Minimum total dft requirement 300 micron. Thinner can be added to assist
application if necessary (max. 5%).
**For best results overcoat Hempel’s Light Primer with Hempel’s Underwater
Primer when the surface is almost dry but still has a slight tacky feel.
***Hempel’s Thinner No 2: Brush application - Hempel’s Thinner No 6:
Spray application
28Varnishing wood
Varnishing wood
Wood is a naturally occurring organic material that can suffer from
several problems in the marine environment.
Being biodegradable, wood is food for Before painting
various organisms, from rot-inducing Check the wood’s moisture content
fungi to boring worms and crustacea with a moisture meter. Only paint if
that turn it to crumbling honeycomb. the moisture content is below 16%.
It can also absorb water, causing Particular tips when painting
movement that adversely affects a and varnishing wood
coating system’s adhesion. Consider the construction of the
substrate, remembering that it’s not
By correctly preparing the surface and advisable to put a two component
using an appropriate coating system, system onto carvel or clinker built
you can overcome these problems – wooden hulls, as they require the great-
and enhance wood’s natural beauty. er flexibility of a single pack system.
Sand wood with the grain using
80 – 120 grade abrasive paper to
provide a key for the paint system.
Clean wood by wiping Hempel’s
Thinner No 1 along the grain with a
cloth, then allowing it to dry. Oily woods
such as teak and iroko should be de-
greased by wiping Hempel’s Degreaser
along the grain, which will remove
some of the natural oil content on the
surface and ensure a greater bond with
the first coat.
Note: Both paint and varnish finishes
are available in single component and
two component systems for wood pro-
tective coatings.
29Varnishing wood
Remove old varnish with hot air gun Sand surface
Woods commonly used in boats Ply/Marine Ply
Oak Layers of wood glued together
Yellowish brown, dense hardwood. creating an exceptionally strong
Can be slightly oily in nature. and inflexible composition.
Contact with ferrous metals will cause Uses: mainly for hull planking for din-
staining and corrosion. ghies and smaller boats.
Uses: Ribs and frames, interior joinery
and panelling. Spruce
Light brown soft wood with poor self
Mahogany preserving. Low density.
Reddish brown hardwood with good Uses: hull planking.
working properties and durability.
Uses: Planking, interior joinery and Pitch Pine
panelling. Light brown soft wood with fair self
preserving. Medium density.
Teak Uses: Hull planking
Dark golden brown hardwood, which
– being naturally oily – has excellent
durability.
Uses: Planking hull and deck, interior
and exterior joinery and panelling.
Cedar
Pinkish brown hardwood of Key Advice
medium density. Make sure you wear a
Uses: Hull planking. protection mask when
sanding as dust is an
Larch irritant.
Pale reddish brown softwood that
bends well and will take impact.
Uses: Hull planking.
30Varnishing wood
Wood – single pack system/conventional
Above the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Wood Impreg 2 – 4 16 – none 8 – none 3–6 – – No 1
wet – wet depends on wood
When coating up a new wood system, Hempel’s Wood Impreg should always be
used.
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Primer 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
2 12 75 40 No 1
Undercoat* 6 days 3 days
Brilliant
Gloss onto 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Primer 6 days 3 days
Undercoat
Brilliant 20 hrs – 10 hrs – No 1,
2–3 11 90 50
Gloss 6 days 3 days No 3
*Hempel’s MultiCoat may be used as an alternative to Hempel’s Primer
Undercoat; and also as an alternative topcoat to Hempel’s Brilliant Gloss if you
want a semi-gloss finish.
31Varnishing wood
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
MultiCoat
16 hrs – 8 hrs –
thinned up to 1 11.5 100 40 No 1
10 days 5 days
20%
MultiCoat
16 hrs – 8 hrs –
thinned up to 1 11.5 90 40 No 1
10 days 5 days
10%
16 hrs – 8 hrs –
MultiCoat 2–3 11.5 80 40 No 1
10 days 5 days
Below the waterline
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Underwater
Primer 6 hrs – 3 hrs –
1 7.8 160 50 No 1
thinned up to indefinite indefinite
20%
Underwater 6 hrs – 3hrs –
2 7.8 125 50 No 1
Primer indefinite indefinite
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to product label No 3
Primer
32Varnishing wood
Wood – varnish
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Wood Impreg 2 – 4 16 – none 8 – none 3–6 – – No 1
wet – wet depends on wood
When coating up a new wood system, Hempel’s Wood Impreg should always
be used.
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Favourite
Varnish 12 hrs – 6 hrs –
1 16 80 30 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 20%
Favourite
Varnish 12 hrs – 6 hrs –
1 16 65 30 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 10%
Favourite 12 hrs – 6 hrs –
3* 16 60 30 No 1
Varnish 4 days 2 days
*Add thinner to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
33Varnishing wood
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Classic
Varnish 16 hrs – 8 hrs –
1 17 70 30 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 20%
Classic
Varnish 16 hrs – 8 hrs –
1 17 65 30 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 10%
Classic 16 hrs – 8 hrs –
3* 17 60 30 No 1
Varnish 4 days 2 days
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Dura-Gloss
Varnish 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
1 19.2 60 25 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 20%
Dura-Gloss
Varnish 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
1 19.2 55 25 No 1
thinned up to 4 days 2 days
max. 10%
Dura-Gloss 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
3* 19.2 50 25 No 1
Varnish 4 days 2 days
*Add thinner to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
34Varnishing wood
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Dura-Gloss
Varnish to 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
2 19.2 50 25 No 1
build up coats 4 days 2 days
(see above)
Dura-Satin
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Varnish finish 3 17 60 25 No 1
4 days 2 days
coat only
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Diamond
Varnish 32 hrs – 16 hrs –
1 12.5 100 40 No 2
thinned up to 10 days 5 days
max. 20%
Diamond
Varnish 32 hrs – 16 hrs –
1 12.5 85 40 No 2
thinned up to 10 days 5 days
max. 10%
Diamond 32 hrs – 16 hrs –
3* 12.5 90 40 No 2
Varnish 10 days 5 days
*Add thinner to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
35Decks, bilges and lockers
Decks, bilges and lockers
The most suitable and used product for coating deck areas on all boats is a high
wear-resistant paint with a non-gloss finish. This gives durability, and minimises
reflection from the deck.
Particular tips when painting Particular tips when painting decks
bilges and lockers To prepare a patterned deck, use
A lot of time and effort is spent on the either a scouring pad or a copper wire
external appearance and protection of brush.
a boat, but internal areas such as bilg-
es and lockers shouldn’t be neglected. When adding Hempel’s Anti-Slip Pearls
Ensure adequate ventilation while to the paint, mix small amounts in at a
painting the bilge area. time to get the right consistency. A
160 gm tub of Hempel’s Anti-Slip
A brush is generally easier and quicker, Pearls is enough for at least 1.5 litres
particularly on the uneven surfaces of paint, depending on how much anti-
found in these areas. slip you want (50 gm for a 750 ml tin
of paint). Glassfibre decks with anti-slip
For general cleaning of bilges use moulding may not need Hempel’s
Hempel’s Pre-Clean. If the bilges are Anti-Slip Pearls.
excessively dirty, clean first with
Hempel’s Degreaser. For more even coverage use a
roller rather than a brush to apply
When painting new wood, the clean Hempel’s Non-Slip Deck Coating.
and dry surface should be saturated
with a suitable wood preservative be-
fore applying Hempel’s Bilge & Locker
Paint and Hempel’s Non Slip Deck
Coating.
Key Advice
Hempel’s Anti-Slip Pearls
can be added to any
Hempel topcoat or varnish
to give an anti-slip finish
where required.
36Decks, bilges and lockers
Hempel’s Bilges and Lockers (Steel and Wooden surfaces)
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Bilge &
Locker Paint 16 hrs – 8 hrs –
2 11 90 40 No 1
for bilges and 6 days 3 days
lockers
If max. overcoating time is exceeded abrade between coats.
Decks – on suitable primed surfaces.
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Primer 8 hrs – 4 hrs –
2 12 75 40 No 1
Undercoat 6 days 3 days
Non-Slip
Deck Coating 6 hrs – 3 hrs –
on Primer 6 days 3 days
Undercoat
Non-Slip 6 hrs – 3 hrs –
2–3 9.2 100 50 No 3
Deck Coating 6 days 3 days
If max. overcoating time is exceeded abrade between coats.
37Decks, bilges and lockers
Keels
Keels are made from steel, cast iron, lead or occasionally a combination of a cast
iron fin with a lead ballast.
Preparation for Lead Keel Preparation for Cast Iron and Steel Keel
High pressure fresh water hose and Shot blast or abrade to bright metal.
allow to dry. Abrade with 40 – 60 grade Remove dust and grit by brushing, vac-
abrasive paper. Remove dust with a uuming or using dry compressed air.
soft brush and follow chosen specifica- Follow chosen specification below.
tion below.
Iron steel and lead keels – single pack/conventional
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Underwater 6 hrs – 3 hrs –
3 7.8 125 50 No 1
Primer indefinite indefinite
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
Iron steel and lead keels – two component system/high performance
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
1 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 3** 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
Underwater
4 hrs – 2 hrs –
Primer* onto 1 7.8 125 50 No 1
8 hrs 4 hrs
Light Primer
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
*For best results overcoat with Hempel’s Underwater Primer when Hempel’s
Light Primer is almost dry but still tacky.
** Thinner can be added to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
38Propellers, outdrives and sterngear
Propellers, outdrives and sterngear
Any bronze and aluminium underwater needs protecting.
They’re prone to the same fouling and corrosion as all underwater areas,
and – as they directly affect your boat’s efficient and safe propulsion –
it’s important you correctly maintain them.
Due to the excessive movement and
water turbulence in these areas, the
endurance of any coating is tested,
particularly on the propeller.
Preparation
Thoroughly clean with Hempel’s Key Advice
Pre-Clean and freshwater. Abrade
with 80 – 120 grade paper. Wash with Take care never to
freshwater and allow to dry, before overcoat the anodes, as
applying relevant specification (see this adversely affects
below). performance.
Repainting
Due to the excessive wear and tear in
this area, repainting usually involves
a complete strip back followed by full
painting specification.
39Propellers, outdrives and sterngear
Propellers
By brush
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
thinned max. 1 8.2 140 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
20%
8 hrs – 4 hrs –
Light Primer 1** 8.2 120 60 No 5
60 days 30 days
Siilic One 6 hrs – 4 hrs –
1 9.6 110 70
Tiecoat 72 hrs 72 hrs
16 hrs – 8 hrs –
Silic One 1 6 150 105
48 hrs 48 hrs
40Propellers, outdrives and sterngear
Propellers & outdrives
By spray
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Prop-Primer 2 2 hrs 1 hrs 7 150 30 –
Ecopower
4 60 min 40 min 1,3 100 25 –
Prop
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
*wet – wet *wet – wet
Light Primer 3/300
2 4 hrs – 2 hrs – 175 50 –
Spray ml can
60 days 30 days
Antifouling
4 hrs – 2 hrs –
on Light
8 hrs 4 hrs
Primer Spray
Ecopower
4 60 min 40 min 1,3 100 25 –
Prop
*recoat with spray
** Thinner can be added to assist application if necessary (max. 5%).
41Mast Protection Mast Protection Cleaning and protecting unpainted aluminium masts, spars and rigging. Any aluminium and anodised surfaces will benefit from being cleaned and protected. Hempel’s Alu-Protect A silicone free oil which cleans and leaves a long lasting protective layer. Clean the mast thoroughly with Hempel’s Pre-Clean and then a pply Hempel’s Alu-Protect with a rag. Hempel’s Alu-Protect penetrates into wire ropes and under fittings, ensuring long term protection. Apply regularly to ensure masts and fittings are protected throughout the season. For re-painting aluminum masts refer to page 28. 42
Osmosis • What is osmosis and how is it caused? • Protection • Treatment • Using Hempel’s High Protect
What is osmosis
What is osmosis and how is it caused?
When two liquids with different concentrations are separated by a semi-perme-
able membrane, one liquid will penetrate the membrane causing the volume to
increase pressure to develop.
What does this mean to us? Recognising the problem
In our case the semi-permeable mem- The first visual signs of osmosis
brane is the gelcoat of the glassfibre will be the formation of blisters in
boat and the liquid is water. In time the gelcoat.
water will be absorbed into the GRP. When pierced the liquid contents of an
Whilst most of this moisture will pass osmotic blister will have a sour smell
directly through the hull into the bilges similar to vinegar. Osmosis can be
with little damage, a certain amount will detected before any visual symptoms
eventually start to break down some appear by checking the moisture con-
of the materials used in the laminate tent of the hull with a moisture meter,
itself which will lead to a build up of although this will only give an indication
“osmotic” fluids. Osmotic fluid contains and it is recommended that profession-
acetic acid and glycol and has a higher al advice is sought to determine the
molecular weight to water which can degree of the problem and what future
make it unable to pass back through action to take. Hempel have Approved
the gelcoat or laminate. As more mois- Osmosis Treatment Centres who are
ture is absorbed through the GRP, a qualified to assist you; contact Hempel
hydraulic effect occurs which eventually for an up-to-date list.
leads to blisters being formed in the
gelcoat. Most unprotected glassfibre
boats at some stage during their life
will develop osmotic symptoms to some
degree. The timescale and extent of
this depends upon various factors in-
cluding temperature and type of water,
periods afloat versus ashore and, most
importantly, the quality of the original
laminate.
Paint blisters and lifts
44Osmosis protection
Osmosis protection
When to use an osmosis protection.
New boats Used boats
The best initial defence against Before applying a protective epoxy
osmosis is the correct methods and coating to older boats the condition of
materials used during build. The higher both the laminate and gelcoat need to
the standard of the GRP laminate at be assessed. If in doubt, seek profes-
construction, the greater the defence sional advice. If the hull condition is
against osmosis. The addition of suitable, Osmosis Protection can be
Hempel’s High Protect will give the carried out using Hempel’s High
ultimate protection to a new hull. Protect, if the condition is not good
enough Treatment is recommended.
Preparation and specification for osmosis protection.
New boats Used boats
New gelcoat should be cleaned thor- Remove all old paint or antifouling by
oughly with Hempel’s Degreaser or manual dry scraping or having the hull
Hempel’s Pre-Clean to remove mould grit or slurry blasted (this is a quick
release agents used in the construction and efficient way of removing the old
of the hull. For more information refer paint layers and also provides a well
to Surface preparation: cleaning and keyed surface which will require little
degreasing, on page 11. extra preparation). Whichever method
is used the hull should have an even
After degreasing, the surface should be matt finish with no trace of previous
abraded with 60 – 100 grade abrasive coatings. Freshwater wash the hull
paper, or lightly slurry blasted, and and allow to dry. Any minor cracks and
washed off with fresh water. When dry blemishes should be primed and filled
the hull should have an even matt finish. with Hempel’s Epoxy Filler.
Key Advice
Correct surface
preparation is vital for a
long-lasting protective
finish. Time spent at this
stage is well invested.
Gelcoat Peeling
45Osmosis protection
Protection
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
18 hrs – 8 hrs –
Light Primer 1 8.2 120 60 No 5
11 days 5 days
Epoxy filler 16 hrs – 8 hrs – do not
– – – –
(if needed) 48 hrs 24 hrs thin
do not
High Protect 2 18h – 11d 8h – 5d 6.6 150 150
thin
Tiecoat option 1
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
18 hrs – 8 hrs –
thinned 5% onto 1 8.2 125 60 No 5
11 days 5 days
High Protect
Antifouling
onto Light 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
Tiecoat option 2
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Underwater
18 hrs – 8 hrs –
Primer onto 1 7.8 125 50 No 1
27 hrs 12 hrs
High Protect
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
Key Advice
Tiecoat option with Light
Primer is recommended
only when maximum recoat
interval of High Protect
has exceeded.
46Osmosis protection
Osmosis treatment
When to use an osmosis treatment.
If the laminate and/or gelcoat is poor to dry out to the recommended levels,
and there are indications of osmosis, before coating the bare laminate with
a full Osmosis Treatment may be Hempel’s High Protect, replacing the
required. Full treatment involves the gelcoat to give the hull a moisture re-
removal of the gelcoat which, under the sistant coating.
correct conditions, will allow the hull
Preparation and specification for osmosis treatment.
Preparation Gelcoat Peeling
The gelcoat will need completely A gelcoat peeler, planes away the
removing to allow the hull to dry out. gelcoat at a preset depth resulting
in an even and smooth finish. This is
Hand Power Tools generally accepted as being the most
Grinders provide an inexpensive means effective method for removing gelcoat.
of removing the gelcoat and prepar- Once peeled, the surface will require
ing the surface. The disadvantage is abrading with 40 grit grinding disks,
the time to complete the task and the or light slurry blasting to provide a
amount of dust produced. Protective key for the Hempel’s High Protect.
clothing must be worn by the operator, This method requires a professional
especially dust mask and eye protection operator.
Slurry or Abrasive Blasting Once the gelcoat has been removed,
Either of these methods successfully the hull should be steam cleaned,
remove the gelcoat and prepare the or at least pressure washed to remove
hull for the application of Hempel’s salts and other contaminates which are
High Protect. Any hull defects will be- present in the laminate due to osmosis.
come apparent during blasting, ie voids The salts and other contaminates will
in the laminate. A professional with the continue to come to the surface so it is
correct equipment is needed to carry necessary to repeatedly wash the hull,
out either of these methods. once a day is recommended.
47Osmosis treatment
On average a hull can take between plication of Hempel’s High Protect.
4 weeks and 3 months before it is dry Any minor cracks and blemishes
enough to recoat. Expert advice at this to the hull should be filled after the first
stage is essential to ensure that the coat of Hempel’s High Protect with
hull is adequately prepared for the ap- Hempel’s Epoxy Filler.
Treatment
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Epoxy filler 16 hrs – 8 hrs – do not
– – – –
(if needed) 48 hrs 24 hrs thin
18 hrs – 8 hrs – do not
High Protect 3 6.6 150 150
11 days 5 days thin
Tiecoat option 1
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Light Primer
18 hrs – 8 hrs –
thinned 5% onto 1 8.2 125 60 No 5
11 days 5days
High Protect
Antifouling
onto Light 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
Tiecoat option 2
Hempel’s No of Recoating interval Covers Thickness Thin-
coats (m²/ltr) per coat ner
10°C 20°C wft dft
Underwater
18 hrs – 8 hrs –
Primer onto 1 7.8 125 50 No 1
27 hrs 12 hrs
High Protect
Antifouling
onto Underwater 2 Please refer to label No 3
Primer
For best results overcoat Hempel’s Light Primer with Hempel’s Underwater
Primer when the surface is almost dry but has a slight tacky feel.
48Using Hempel’s High Protect
Using Hempel’s High Protect
How to apply Hempel’s High Protect for
both Protection and Treatment
From the moment the Hempel’s High
Protect base and activator are mixed
together the product will start its chemi-
cal hardening reaction. Only mix as much
as can be applied during the pot life (45 Stir base
mins @ 20ºC). Higher temperatures will
decrease the drying time and pot life.
Apply Hempel’s High Protect with a felt
roller (lay-off the surface with a brush if
an improved surface finish is needed).
Hempel’s High Protect should be ap-
plied at a minimum of 150 micron thick-
Stir curing agent
ness per coat, this can either be meas-
ured using a wet film thickness gauge or
by working out the surface area of the
boat and calculating the correct amount
of Hempel’s High Protect needed per
coat (1 litre of Hempel’s High Protect
will cover 6.6m2 at 150 micron).
Hempel’s High Protect has a minimum Pour curing agent into base
application temperature of 10oC, if pos-
sible keep the job at a steady tempera-
ture with low humidity, best achieved
under cover.
Note: Hempel’s High Protect must not
be thinned.
Stir both products well
49Using Hempel’s High Protect
Apply Hempel’s High Protect with roller Lay off Hempel’s High Protect in opposite
direction with brush
Curing Good practice
Hempel’s High Protect should be • If Hempel’s High Protect application
touch dry within 10 to 12 hours at 20 cannot be carried out indoors, it is
degrees. advisable to erect a cover around
the hull to provide protection from
If the temperature drops below 10 oC the elements.
Hempel’s High Protect is likely to stop • If Hempel’s High Protect is being
curing. The curing will start again once applied at 10oC, keep the product
the temperature increases, however indoors at normal room temperature
an inadequate curing temperature may before use.
cause amine sweating to occur. This is • Move the tape line up with each coat
a condition where a thin film of amine to avoid a hard ridge at the waterline.
carbonate forms on the surface of the • Hempel’s High Protect is produced
epoxy and this amine sweat must be in 2 colours to allow application of al-
degreased or washed off with fresh ternative layers of cream and grey to
water before overcoating. ensure total coverage of each coat.
• Stir both the base and activator of
Planning overcoating times is essential Hempel’s High Protect thoroughly
to avoid rubbing down between coats. before mixing together. Once mixed
See painting specifications for more together, again stir well to achieve an
detail. even consistency.
• Do not thin Hempel’s High Protect.
Full cure of Hempel’s High Protect • Thorough surface preparation and
will take approximately 7 days at the careful following of all instruc-
20oC. Subsequent coats of primer tions is the key to a successful finish.
and antifouling can be applied. (See
specification table on previous page).
It is recommended that the boat is not
launched during this period as it could
affect the curing of the coating.
50You can also read
