Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Rural Belt of Jammu
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International Journal of Research and Review
Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2021
Website: www.ijrrjournal.com
Original Research Article E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Rural
Belt of Jammu
Chandan Sharma1, Ashima Badyal2, Sanjeev Kumar3
1
Physician, Sub-District Hospital, Akhnoor, District Jammu, J&K, India
2
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu, J&K, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, GMC, Kathua, J&K, India
Corresponding Author: Ashima Badyal
ABSTRACT the questionnaire can be made clearer with
pictorial representations as well.
Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
is a recurrent disorder characterized by Key words: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS),
abdominal pain or discomfort, in association Constipation, Diarrhea
with altered generation and interpretation of
bowel function, which is not accompanied by INTRODUCTION
anatomical anomalies or biochemical Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has
abnormalities. Early detection is needed, as it been defined as a functional disorder of
affects the quality of life markedly. Aim of the gastrointestinal tract without any
study was to investigate the epidemiological
accompanying structural defect, in which
factors related to IBS in rural areas of Jammu,
J&K, India. normal activity of bowel either exaggerated
Methods: It was hospital based study conducted or distorted in such a way that it leads to
in Akhnoor, with a total of 286 patients constipation or diarrhoea and frequently to
attending the OPD of the Sub-District-Hospital abdominal pain or discomfort. It may be
between July 2018 to February 2019 selected for described as a dysregulation of the brain –
the study and sampling. Bowel Disease gut axis that interacts with visceral
Questionnaire; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, hypersensitivity. It can be associated with
Minnesota, was used for collection of data from observed digestive motor disturbances and
the selected patients. Socio-demographic micro inflammation of the gut, with the
variables alongside association of various types possibility of an imbalance of the intestinal
of disorders were studied in relation to IBS and
bioflora. [1] The prevalence is known to be
the results were tabulated.
Results: IBS was found to be present in 29.37% higher in western countries as compared to
of the patients studied, slightly higher in females Asian countries. The estimated prevalence
(30.53%). High income group showed of IBS within the community is somewhat
significantly lower prevalence (24%) of IBS. 27 between 10% and 25%. [2] The rapid socio-
out of 59 IBS patients had affect on Quality of economic development in the last two
Life. 31 out of 71 patients agreeing to the use of decades would have created some kind of
substances suffered from IBS. ‘Diarrhea’ was transition in socio-cultural environment and
the predominant symptom in 52.38% patients. health status in Asia. [3] The prevalence of
Female sex hormones and other bodily IBS among Asian communities continues to
mechanisms can be reasoned behind higher be on the rise. [4] International IBS
occurrences of gastrointestinal motility
prevalence upon meta-analysis, is estimated
disorders in women.
Conclusions: The study can be considered to be to be 11.2% (95% confidence interval: 9.8-
quite representative of the general population of 12.8), with variation by geographic region;
the rural-Jammu, but descriptions involved in the lowest occurring in south Asia (7.0%)
and the highest in South America (21%). [2]
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 485
Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2021Chandan Sharma et.al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in rural belt of Jammu.
Symptoms improvement with defecation, Akhnoor, with a total of 286 patients
onset associated with a change in frequency attending the OPD of the hospital between
of stools and onset associated with a change July 2018 to February 2019 selected for the
in form or appearance of stools. [5][6] IBS are study and sampling. Bowel Disease
also associated with markedly reduced Questionnaire; Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
quality of life and high utilization of health Minnesota, [8] was used for collection of
care resources. Only a very small section of data from the selected patients. Socio-
the population affected by IBS is referred to demographic variables alongside association
a gastroenterologist and is generally of various types of disorders were studied in
characterized by more pronounced intensity relation to irritable bowel syndrome and the
and higher physiological and psychosocial results were tabulated accordingly. Further
issues in comparison to the ones in primary distribution of patients according to the
care. [7] symptoms of IBS was also done. A general
There are very few community criterion of including patients of 18-60 years
based epidemiological studies on IBS in was followed.
rural area of Jammu hence it was planned to Data classification and analysis was
undertake the study. The aim of this study, done using SPSS Software version 19 and
therefore, was to find out the prevalence of various Excel Sheets were used for
IBS in population of Akhnoor and to tabulation. Hypothesis testing and
determine the socio-demographic variables, importance of the data was analysed using a
health-care seeking behaviour and its chi-square (χ2) and degree of freedom
relationship with psychiatric disorders. (df) was utilized to determine if a
certain null hypothesis can be rejected based
MATERIAL AND METHODS on the total number of variables and
A prospective, hospital-based study samples within the experiment.
was conducted in sub-district hospital,
RESULTS
Table 1: Demography and IBS
Demographic Variables IBS Total
With IBS: n(%) Without IBS: n(%)
Age
18-30 Years 21 (17.65) 98 (82.35) 119 χ2= 3.07
31-40 Years 29 (34.52) 53 (65.47) 82 df=2, p>0.05
>40 Years 34 (40.00) 51 (60.00) 85
Sex
Male 44 (28.38) 111(71.62) 155 χ2= 0.19
Female 40 (30.53) 91 (69.47) 131 df=1, p>0.05
Marital Status
Married 53 (30.99) 118 (69.01) 171 χ2= 37.5
Unmarried 23 (26.44) 64 (73.56) 87 df=2, pChandan Sharma et.al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in rural belt of Jammu. of Low, Lower Middle and Upper Middle significant relation to the education level as had higher prevalence (29-32%). High well (p
Chandan Sharma et.al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in rural belt of Jammu.
findings of Dewsnap et al. [15] Upper 2. Canavan C, West J, Card T. The
gastrointestinal tract was also significantly epidemiology of irritable bowel
involved in IBS patients. syndrome. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6: 71-80.
Average prevalence among patients 3. Gwee KA, Bak YT, Ghoshal UC, et al.
attending the hospital OPD during the Asian consensus on irritable bowel
period was found to be 29.37%, but quite syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;
specific to the rural belt- Akhnoor, in the 25: 1189-205.
Jammu region, lying in north India. There 4. Gwee KA, Lu CL, Ghoshal UC.
was no door-to-door survey incorporated Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome
and no random sampling undertaken. The in Asia: something old, something new,
something borrowed. J Gastroenterol
limitation of the present study is that it is
Hepatol 2009;24: 1601-7.
very difficult to find out the true prevalence
5. Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey
of IBS as it is quite dependent on the WD, Houghton LA et al. Functional
diagnostic criteria applied. bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;
130: 1480-91.
CONCLUSION 6. Lea R, Hopkins V, Hastleton J, Houghton
This being the very first study on the LA, Whorwell PJ. Diagnostic criteria for
subject in this region, and encompassing a irritable bowel syndrome: utility and
wide range of population, but under applicability in clinical practice. Digestion
controlled circumstances, that it was 2004;70: 210-13.
applicable on only the patients reporting 7. Vandvik Po. Current challenges in
before the hospital OPD, the results and diagnosing and treating IBS: the
outcomes are very definitive and significant. importance of a positive diagnosis and a
The study can be considered to be quite graded general treatment approach.
representative of the general population of Gasteroenterologin WGN 2009(14) Issue
the rural-Jammu as significant number of 1.
patients pertained to almost all the social 8. Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Melton J, et al. A
segments of the society and the hospital is patient questionnaire to identify bowel
quite approachable to the public in general. disease. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Oct
The study has helped in providing an 15;111(8): 671-4.
alternative point of view on the 9. Rajendra S, Alahuddin S. Prevalence of
demographic patterns in the disease, but irritable bowel syndrome in a multi-ethnic
more of such studies are suggested to Asian Population. Aliment Pharmacol
Ther 2004;19: 704-6.
ascertain the real prevalence of the disease
10. Ghoshal UC, Abraham P, Bhatt C, et al.
in the area. At the same time the
Epidemiological and clinical profile of
descriptions involved in the questionnaire irritable bowel syndrome in India: report
can be made clearer with pictorial of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
representations as well. Task Force. Indian J Gastroenterol
2008;27: 22-28.
DECLARATIONS: 11. Wald A, Van Thiel DH, Hoechstetter L, et
Funding: Nil al. Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of
Conflict of interest: None the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterology
Ethical approval: Taken 1981;80: 1497-1500.
12. Wilson NS, Roberts L, Roalfe A, Bridge
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