Progress Report 2018 2019 - ISC Konstanz
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Progress Report 2018 – 2019
Introduction
Dear Friends and Research Partners,
Imprint With this report we present important results from research and development of ISC Kon-
stanz. Most of the work within our numerous research projects is directly or indirectly
copyright: ISC Konstanz, 2018 related to one of our three main innovations: BiSoN, ZEBRA, TH-E Box. Besides, as an exam-
responsible for content: Dr. Kristian Peter, ISC Konstanz ple for other advanced technologies, we show first results of solar cells with passivated
print run: 500 contacts, and moreover, as our contribution to the “AtaMoS-TeC” project in Chile, results
pictures: ISC Konstanz on development of modules adapted to the requirements in the desert. The focus of our
designed with green electricity, work is on bifacial solar cells and modules. Therefore, this topic is dedicated to an extra
printed carbon neutral on 100% recycled paper double page. The machines for the production of solar cells are becoming faster with higher
with vegan, vegetable oil-based colours throughput and increasingly intelligent. The information and communication technology
design: naturblau+++ (ICT) has arrived at that industry. That is why we deal with Industry 4.0 topics as well.
Finally, as our overall goal is the dissemination of the application of solar energy, we are
still very active in the field of development cooperation and education. At the end of this
report we show you a chart of our technology roadmap, a list of actual publicly funded pro-
jects and the financial data.
Research for a sunny future Enjoy reading this report and do not hesitate to enter into a deeper discussion with our
experts!
Dr Kristian Peter
Chairman of the Board of Directors
ISC Konstanz e.V.
Dr Kristian Peter,
Dr Eckard Wefringhaus,
Petra Hoffmann,
Rudolf Harney,
Dr Radovan Kopecek
ISC Konstanz Business Directors
(from left)
2 3
Process Transfers:
The Example of BiSoN
Innovations
In order to transfer the innovative cell and module technologies developed However, choosing the right technology is not the only condition for a
at ISC Konstanz into industrial production, our team has been very active quick and successful transfer to industrial production: having the right
in the last years. people for the job is just as important. This is why we put together a team
of process experts, integration specialists and experienced project man-
The focus of R&D work at ISC Konstanz has always been on industrially agers for each technology transfer project. This team will work on-site
Activities
feasible processes. Accordingly, even in the early stages of development, and implement all the modifications necessary for a speedy and smooth
we have the implementation into industrial production in mind. That ena- changeover, allowing the customer to return to full capacity quickly.
bles us to integrate new process steps into existing production lines eas-
ily. The upgrade of an existing production line to advanced technologies In addition to the actual technology transfer, ISC Konstanz offers the sup-
does not have to be expensive. At Megacell we have shown that a standard port of the customers in purchasing new or used equipment, installing
Finances
production line for multi crystalline p-type solar cells can be upgraded in media supplies and certifying products. If desired, we can take over these
a few months to a line for bifacial n-type solar cells (BiSoN). The currently tasks completely.
achievable efficiency with BiSoN technology is 21 %+ with a bifacial coef-
ficient1 close to 0.9. As all ISC technology is based on similar single pro- As we also investigate the advantages of our innovative technologies in
cess steps, only some more modifications are necessary to produce n-type scientifically sound field tests under normal and extreme climatic condi-
IBC solar cells (ZEBRA) with an efficiency potential of 23 %. tions, we can support our partners further in creating product information
and technical documentation.
With the experience from three completed process transfer projects, our
Jan Lossen BiSoN and ZEBRA technology has achieved a very high level of technology
jan.lossen@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-360 readiness. In addition to this, our personal experience in different cultural
and technological surroundings allows for a smooth and rapid transition
from lab to fab.
Dr. Florian Buchholz
florian.buchholz@isc-konstanz.de To achieve low cost of ownership for these high-efficiency solar cell con-
+49-7531-36 18 3-553
cepts, a high throughput of the advanced doping and passivation pro-
cesses is crucial. For this reason, we optimise these processes in close
cooperation with the machine manufacturer centrotherm.
Another solar cell concept that is currently being developed at ISC Kon-
stanz is MOSON, an nPERT rear junction solar cell concept. The MOSON
cell has reached efficiencies beyond 22 % when tested at ISC Konstanz
and is currently being prepared for mass production. A transfer to an inter-
ested pilot costumer is possible.
1
The bifacial coefficient describes the efficiency under back-side illumination divided
by the efficiency under illumination from the sunny side.
4 5
ZEBRA
The Innovative IBC Solar Cell
Innovations
The interdigitated back-contact (IBC) solar cells have the potential of winning In 2018 we introduce the new generation of ZEBRA-Gen2 cell as the latest
Dr Valentin Mihailetchi the PV market due to advantages arising from their characteristic architecture process development. The recombination of J0,e and J0,met of the p+ and Andreas Halm
valentin.mihailetchi@isc-konstanz.de andreas.halm@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-48 placing the both contacts and emitter on the back side allowing an efficient n+ regions are reduced by lowering the surface concentration of the doping +49-7531-36 18 3-50
decoupling of the carrier generation at the front of the cell and the collection profiles, meanwhile, the fine tuning of the contacts formation allow for a con-
process at the rear. tact resistance RC < 2.5 mΩ·cm2. Excellent surface passivation obtained with
Activities
oxide/SiNx stack layers with implied Voc of 710 mV and Joe=14 fA/cm2 on
Giuseppe Galbiati ISC-Konstanz has developed his own IBC solar cell, named ZEBRA for the symmetrically diffused boron emitter. Solar cells with energy conversion effi-
giuseppe.galbiati@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-361 peculiar back side appearance as an upgrade of the n-PERT process BiSoN ciencies up to 23.0 % are fabricated at the ISC labs.
which has been proved to be compatible with an industrial scale production
and throughput. Further implementation of passivated contacts are currently in progress
Finances
within the TuKaN project funded by the German Federal Minister for Economy
The ZEBRA soar cells are fabricated on standard M2 size n-type Cz-Si wafer; Affairs and Energy. The aim is to achieve 24 % cell efficiency.
the process sequence counts for only eleven process steps. The front-floating-
emitter (FFE) and the emitter as well as the back-surface-field (BSF) regions
are formed using industrial-size quartz tube furnace diffusion employing BBr3 ETA [%] Voc [v]
and POCl3 source respectively. The entire lito-free process requires only one
masking step while the interdigitated pattern on the back side is obtained
by laser processing which results an elegant solution i) to simplify process-
ing compare with high resolution patterning technique such as lithography, ii)
reduced manufacturing costs iii) it offers large flexibility coupling rear inter-
digitated diffusion pattern-layouts with the related metallization grid.
Jsc [mA/cm2] FF [%]
The p+-emitter and the FFE are passivated by an in situ thermal SiO2 layer
obtained during the boron diffusion process, saving costs associated with alu-
minum oxide deposition which is typically used in high efficiency solar cell
concepts.
The contact formation is obtained with firing-through Ag paste screen printed
ZEBRA 60 cell module
in a single step for both emitter and BSF regions. The final metallization fea-
tures an open grid design suitable for bifacial applications.
Fig. 3. IV DataIV Data distribution
distribution for ZEBRA-Gen2for
solarZEBRA-Gen2
cells. solar cells.
Jsc Voc FF pFF Ƞ
[mA/cm2] [mV] [%] [%] [%]
Average 41.42 ± 0.01 682.7 ± 0.1 80.67 ± 0.07 84.7 ± 0.1 22.82 ± 0.05
Best cell (Black reflector) 41.48 683.7 81.4 84.9 23.1
Best cell (White reflector) 41.68 683.6 81.3 - 23.2
Summary of IV Results fpr Print-Contacts ZEBRA II Cells ZEBRA module rear side
6 7
TH-E Box
Innovations
THermodynamic and Electric energy Box TH-E Box can drive a family house 100 % independent from the electric-
Franz Reichenbach ity grid. But even more interesting is the fact, that it can provide posi- Adrian Minde
frank.reichenbach@isc-konstanz.de adrian.minde@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-670 Photovoltaic energy is affordable and economically interesting, if a high tive and negative balance energy to the grid. This means it woks even +49-7531-36 18 3-352
share can be self-consumed. On the other hand, in the future too much beyond energy autonomy. TH-E Box is smart grid ready and can manage
PV can destabilise the energy system if it is fed into the grid without any the sequence in which the main consumers in the household such as wash-
Activities
control. ing machines, dishwashers and electric vehicles are powered.
TH-E Box is a compact energy conversion unit, typically for single fam- To make the green energy supply chain complete, we will concentrate in
ily houses, which provides both, heating and electricity just on the user’s future research on the generation of a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. methanol,
demand. The heat (or cold) and the electricity can be produced all over from CO2 and green hydrogen PV excess energy. The green hydrocarbon
Finances
the year at any time. It is mainly driven by PV (70-80% over the year), should then serve as a seasonal long-term storage medium.
the remaining energy being provided by any fuel, natural gas, methanol
or even hydrogen. Model Predictive Control
This Energy unit (TH-E Box) combines three main elements: A recharge- In order to dimension the TH-E boxes, the control algorithm has already
able battery with a bidirectional AC/DC converter, an electrical heat pump been developed. It is thus possible to estimate the terms and requirements
as well as a combined heat and power engine – CHP (e.g. gas generator of the individual components on the basis of measured consumption data.
or fuel cell). A high fraction of the energy fed into the system comes from
renewable sources, e.g. from photovoltaics or wind, the rest being sup- The regulation is performed by a “Model Predictive Control” MPC, which
plied from fossil fuels or even biofuels. The combustible fuel can be natu- establishes a time-discrete, dynamic model of the system to be controlled
ral gas, biogas, hydrogen, oil, methanol or others. In the simplest case in order to be able to calculate the future state of the system as a func-
TH-E Box is connected to a rooftop PV system and the natural gas supply tion of defined input signals. This allows the optimization of the input
pipeline. signal over a time horizon, taking into account defined input and state
constraints. While the model behavior is predicted up to a certain time
TH-E Box enable buildings to become far beyond energy autonomous. The horizon, usually only the input signal for the next time step is used and
systems can offer electrical flexibilities to the distribution system opera- then the optimization is repeated with the current (measured) state of the
tor. E.g. in the winter time, heat can be produced either by the heat pump energy-storing components.
or the CHP. While in the former case electricity is taken from the grid,
electricity is feed into the grid in the later. The system can therefore pro-
vide both, positive and negative regulation energy. This makes even more
sense if several systems will be used in a neighbourhood or any other way
of collaboration, such that the individual TH-E Boxes can negotiate the
transfer of energy between each other according to the particular needs of
the households where they are installed.
electricity from renewable
sources electricity just on demand
TH-E
Box
natural gas /methanol heat/cold
8 9
Advanced Technologies
Innovations
Passivated Contacts Solar Module Development Laboratory in Chile
In order to further enhance the efficiency of our cell technologies, we are With the backing of the Chilean government, ISC Konstanz, FhG-Chile,
Dr. Jan Hoß continuously seeking to reduce charge carrier recombination, in particular SERC and the French CEA INES pursue the lowest LCOE possible through a
jan.hoss@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-366 at the cell’s surfaces and under the metal contacts. One of the most promis- range of activities including optimising desert performance, tracking and
Activities
ing approaches to achieve this goal are charge carrier selective passivated bifacial modules and system design. The work covers soiling, system design
contacts, which can be implemented as a layer stack consisting of an ultra- and the best module configurations for the harsh climatic conditions.
thin silicon oxide and a heavily doped layer of polycrystalline silicon (poly- It will not be testing only but developing products too. We are setting up
Si). Charge carrier selectivity is achieved by energy band bending imposed a module pilot line where we will test and develop new components, new
by the heavily doped poly-Si layer and by asymmetric tunneling probabili- stringing and new designs.
Finances
ties through the interfacial oxide. This results in an efficient shielding of
minority carriers from the surfaces, including the highly recombination Beginning of 2018 the Atacama Module and System Technology Center
active silicon-metal interfaces of the contacts. (AtaMoS-TeC) started its research activities. The first 18-24 months the
member institutes continue the development of their desert modules. Dur-
Within the publicly funded Tukan project, such passivated contacts are ing this period of ongoing work, the centre’s building will be constructed
doping concentration (cm-3)
1021 poly-Si c-Si T = 825°C, R = 81 Ω/sq
sh
T = 825°C, R = 142 Ω/sq
developed for integration into the industrial process flows of ISC’s nPERT and equipment assembled for the pilot line. At that point, a staff of 25-30
Andreas Halm
sh
T = 825°C, R = 740 Ω/sq
sh
1020 T = 850°C, R = 56 Ω/sq
sh
(BiSoN) and IBC (ZEBRA) cells. In order to achieve a lean process flow, researchers will begin working at the facility. andreas.halm@isc-konstanz.de
T = 850°C, R = 103 Ω/sq
sh
+49-7531-36 18 3-50
T = 850°C, R = 615 Ω/sq
sh
key focusses of the project are to develop a single-sided silicon thin film
1019
deposition and the compatibility of the passivating layer stack with screen The partnership with CORFO, Chile’s economic promotion body, will look
10 18 printing of the metal contacts. to stimulate use of the new facility’s research in mainstream production.
A policy of technology transfer will also ensure that other countries with
10 17
Figure 1 shows typical doping profiles for different poly-Si crystallization desert conditions can benefit from its work. Dr. Enrique Cabrera
enrique.cabrera@isc-konstanz.de
16
temperatures and doping concentrations for n+ doped poly-Si layers on +49-7531-36 18 3-56
10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 n-type substrate. The respective passivation quality is shown in Figure 2, Industry partners, including Enel, Colbún, Mondragón and Cintac have
depth (µm)
Figure 1: Doping profiles measured by ECV where an implied Voc of up to 730 mV indicates the significant potential contributed US$5 million with CORFO providing US$12 million of funding
for cell efficiency improvements with this technology. for the project.
implied V (mV)
730 This consortium has very specific goals for a period of no more than 10
oc
720 years, where they have to be able to halve the cost of generating energy
by photovoltaics, addressing the specific problems facing the Atacama
710
Desert. If we achieve this, Chile will be in a position to change its produc-
700
tive, industrial and mining structure, especially in the north of the country.
690
680
crystallization temperature
T = 825°C
670
T = 850°C
660
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
phosphorous concentration (1020 cm-3)
Figure 2: Respective passivation quality
10 11
Bifaciality
Innovations
Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules are able to utilize light from both sides
Dr Radovan Kopecek
radovan.kopecek@isc-konstanz.de
and can therefore significantly increase the energy yield of PV power
+49-7531-36 18 3-22 plants, thus reducing the electricity cost and improving profitability. Bifa-
cial PV technology has a huge potential to reach a major market share, in
particular when considering utility scale PV plants. In combination with
Activities
simple tracking technology the total energy output of a PV power plant
Dr Joris Libal can be boosted to up to 50 % compared to standard monofacial fixed tilt
joris.libal@isc-konstanz.de
+39 351 922 0929 systems at about 10-20 % additional costs. In addition different applica-
tion fields are waiting for bifacial modules such as sound blocking systems
facades, car-ports, green-houses and other glass-intensive structures.
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Accordingly, bifacial PV is currently attracting increasing attention from
involved engineers, scientists and investors.
ISC Konstanz is one of the leading institutes organizing related workshops
and pushing this technology to the market since its foundation. Therefore
we have developed bifacial solar cell (BiSoN, ZEBRA) and module tech-
nologies which we have licensed and transferred to industrial partners.
In addition we have developed an advanced simulation program called
MoBiDiG (Modelling of Bifacial Distributed Gain) which can simulate the
energy yield for many scenarios (fixed tilt, vertical installations, tracking
systems) for bifacial and monofacial PV systems. The various components
of the simulation model are under continuous development to further
increase the accuracy as well as the application range of the resulting
energy yield predictions. This work is conducted in publicly funded pro-
jects as well as in bilateral collaborations and includes the model valida-
tion with field data.
We support large EPCs as well as utilities with our expertise by performing
evaluations of the potential energy yield of their PV system projects.
As we want to connect all bifacial believers, attract possible investors and
inform all PV scientists about this promising technology for entering the
“1ct/kWh era” we have written a book together with leading institutes for
this technology. The book can be purchased at: https://www.theiet.org/
resources/books/pow-en/bif-photovol.cfm
12 13
Digitalisation:
Industry 4.0 & Lab 4.0
Innovations
Vision Projects at ISC: factories and ISC lab
Rudolf Harney
rudolf.harney@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-25
Smart PV factories, in addition to having a higher degree of automation Currently, ISC is in the phase of digitizing the lab: connecting production
constitutes a system that can self-learn, self-optimize and self-adapt to equipment, deploying sensors, extracting data and developing commu-
run production processes autonomously or semi-autonomously with mini- nication interfaces to facilitate the same. A common platform is imple-
Activities
mum human intervention. Optimal planning of experiments, flexible pro- mented to interact with the equipment and handle the incoming data.
Swaytha Sasidharan duction of different cell technologies can result in higher efficiency cells Handheld devices and web interfaces with dedicated industrial applica-
swaytha.sasidharan@isc-konstanz.de
with improved production yield and throughput. It also leads to reduced tions will enable improved user access to the information.
+49-7531-36 18 3-356
cost of ownership. This is accomplished by adapting innovations from the
various technical fields of communication, data analysis, nanotechnology, However, this is not a scientific playground: it is a prototype of an industry
Finances
automation and robotics, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 3D 4.0 PV factory. We will be able to evaluate different standards for inter-
printing amongst others. faces. We are developing a factory-planning tool that handles the booking
and scheduling of various equipment. In the project FlexFab1 we work on
Prerequisite an automatic factory planning for switching between different cell types
in one factory. With the projects InES, TechFab and SelFab2 we develop
Moving towards the goal of a smart factory, digitalization is the first step, a smart, self-learning lab and factory. Wafer tracking is crucial for smart
where the machines, materials, infrastructure and humans have to “talk to fabs to attain improved yields and reduced process failures: We perform
each other”. Therefore, common interfaces and communication standards detailed studies of single wafer tracking, carrier wafer tracking or virtual
have to be established. With a connected factory, we can leverage on soft- wafer tracking methodologies to demonstrate the advantages and imple-
ware platforms, communication technologies and advanced analytics to mented simulators and mobile application to make tracking easier.
make the factory smart.
1
Funded by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany)
2
14 Funded by Ministry of Economics, Labor and Housing Baden-Württemberg (Germany) 15
International Solar Development
and Education Cooperation
Innovations
Besides our excellent research in photovoltaics, our international team is Education Cooperation
Monika Sarkadi actively involved in promoting solar technology and raising awareness for sus-
monika.sarkadi@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-402 tainability through renewables around the world. Our activities take place on We are linked with various educational institutions abroad and are part
various levels, including rural electrification as well as educational projects. of a large international network of scientists and industrial institutions
committed to bringing solar technology to those areas of the planet that
Activities
Rural Electrification have optimal climatic conditions. At our institute we train and supervise
undergraduate, postgraduate students and interns from all over the world
The introduction of solar energy can enhance the quality of life of off-grid in PV theory and R&D. Beyond that, we visit and cooperate with German
communities in developing and newly industrialized countries in many universities and universities in Egypt (El Gouna) and Chile (Santiago and
ways. These projects also serve as demonstration projects for solar tech- Antofagasta). Our goal is to teach young researchers how to develop PV
Finances
nology. Up till now ISC Konstanz has completed 11 rural electrification devices adapted to their own climate conditions.
projects in Africa and Asia and supported 7 external projects by contribut-
ing modules with a total of 65 kWp. In the past 3 years we have come to Solar student workshop KonSoLe
focus more and more on the educational aspects of development coopera-
tion in order to ensure the sustainability of the installations. In 2017 we established a new out-of-school learning place in Konstanz for
students in primary and secondary education. The informal and positive
In 2016 we completed our 5th rural electrification project in Cameroon hands-on experience in our workshops aims to inspire young people to
(SLAK 5 - EduSol Cameroun) in the framework of our UNESCO-honoured learn to think independently and lose possible inhibitions related to tech-
EduSol initiative (Education for Sustainable Development with Solar): two nical disciplines. The additional interactive unit in Global Education sen-
schools were electrified in the heart of the rainforest with the active par- sitizes youngsters for topics such as global responsibility, climate fairness
ticipation of four students of the Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State and their own energy sufficiency. In 2017 and 2018 we held 16 workshops
University Ravensburg (DHBW), Campus Friedrichshafen. The students for a total of 211 students, mainly from secondary schools in the region.
had been previously trained by us and gave lessons in one of the schools
on current and solar energy. This project had a uniquely personal touch One World Promoter Programme
and was a real intercultural experience for the youngsters on both sides.
Since the beginning of 2014, ISC Konstanz has been 1 of the 14 organisa-
tions linked to the programme in the State of Baden-Württemberg. This
multifaceted work is funded by state and federal governments supporting
initiatives, organisations and individuals working towards global fairness
and a sustainable development. ISC Konstanz’s regional promoter Monika
Sarkadi works together with civil society, municipalities as well as eco-
nomic actors in order to raise awareness for important issues of develop-
ment policy. She informs, networks, coordinates and initiates actions. Her
main focus in the region of Mid-South Baden-Württemberg lies on Global
Education and climate fairness. In May 2018 she conceived and organized
a major public event in Konstanz promoting the UN Sustainable Develop-
ment Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 7 for Energy and SDG 13 for Climate
Action. This interactive and entertaining event attracted hundreds of visi-
tors from the region and is the start of a long-term cooperation between
participating partners.
16 17
Roadmap
Innovations
After German cell manufacturers such as Sunwasys and Bosch stopped pro- In parallel we generated Know-how on energy system level (TH-E Box). The
ducing solar cells, the ISC started to license its own know-how worldwide and energy cycle is complete as soon as we produce green hydrocarbons as a sup-
to transfer the technology accordingly. The focus of our solar cell technology plement energy source for PV. Annual smart energy workshops have been
transfers are bifacial n-type technologies such as BiSoN and ZEBRA. organized since 2015.
Activities
In order to bring n-type bifacial technologies sustainably and with success
into the PV market, so that these technologies can contribute to the reduction
of LCOE, a large solid network of e.g. machine building companies and mate-
rial suppliers is necessary. Therefore, already at an early stage, ISC Konstanz
started to organize nPV workshops from 2011 and bifacial workshops from
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2012 on. It is possible that new workshops, as e.g. tandemPV will be launched
in the coming years.
25 ct/kWh
25 ct/kWh
ISC Konstanz
ISC Konstanz
started nPV
started nPV
workshopsworkshops
Development
Development
of of
n-type solar
n-type
cells
solar cells
with BOSCH
with BOSCH
ISC Konstanz
ISC Konstanz
Development
Development
of of
started bifacial
started bifacial
cost effective
cost effective TechnologyTechnology
workshopsworkshops
BiSoN andBiSoN and transfer to
transfer to
13 ct/kWh13 ct/kWhZEBRA solar
ZEBRA Technology
cellsolar cell TechnologyAdani finished
Adani finished
transfer to
transfer to
Contract Contract
with MegaCellMegaCell
with Contract Contract
with with Development
Development
Development
Development
Development
Development
Development
Development
of 27+% ofcost
27+% ofcost
MegaCellMegaCell finished finished Valoe andValoe
signed signed SPICand SPIC 28+% ofcost
28+% of cost
30+% ofcost
30+% cost
of industrial
of industrial
effective effective
solar solar
signed signed effective effective
solar solar
effective effective
solar solar
8 ct/kWh 8 ct/kWh Contract Contract
with with
Development
Development
25% cost25% costcell with cell with
cell with cell with cell with cell with
of 24% cost
of 24% cost
effective effective
solar solar
Adani signed
Adani signed
AtaMoS-TeCAtaMoS-TeC passivatedpassivatedpassivatedpassivatedpassivatedpassivated
effective effective
solar solar
cell with cell with contacts contacts
project started
project started and and
contacts contacts
and and
contacts contacts
and and
cell cell passivatedpassivated
5 ct/kWh 5 ct/kWh Perovskite
contacts contacts layer on top
PerovskitePerovskitePerovskitePerovskitePerovskite
4 ct/kWh 4 ct/kWh3.5 ct/kWh3.5 ct/kWh layer on top
layer on top
layer on top
layer on top
layer on top
3 ct/kWh
3 ct/kWh
2.5 ct/kWh
2.5 ct/kWh
2 ct/kWh
2 ct/kWh
1.5 ct/kWh
1.5 ct/kWh
2010 2010 2012 2012 2014 2014 2016 2016 2018 2018 2020 2020 2022 2022 2024 2024 2026 2026 2028 2028
Start activities
Start activities
on Hybrid on thermal/ TH-E BoxTH-E BoxTH-E BoxTH-E BoxTH-E BoxTH-E
Hybrid thermal/ readyBox TH-E
readyBoxTH-E
in BoxGreen
in hydrocarbons
Green hydrocarbons
generated from H2+CO
generated from2 H2+CO2
energy systems
energy systems
PV systemsPV systems1st generation
1st generation
on fuel cell for tech. transfer
on fuel cell for tech. transfer
the marked
the marked
as a supplement
as a supplement
energy source
energyfor
source
TH-E for
BoxTH-E Box
18 19Publicly Funded Projects
Innovations
ZEBRA Development Module Development and Characterization
5 ct Competitive solar power in Germany - Reduction of electricity generation PVScan Evaluation research for the quality assurance and evaluation of PV mod-
costs to less than 5ct/ kWh through innovative and industrially feasible ules in the solar park. 8/2013 - 1/2018 • BMWi Germany
solutions along the crystalline Si value chain based on back contacted Schindel Novel connection concepts for solar modules, significantly reduced shad-
modules. 8/2016 - 7/2019 • BMWi Germany ing by shingles technique. 9/2016 – 8/2018 • BMWi Germany
Activities
PfZ Processes for ZEBRA. Development of Processes for efficiency potential U-Light Development of novel solar modules with low weight, integrated bypass
higher 23% (laser technique, dielectrics, diffusion processes). 8/2015 - diodes, high efficiency low costs. 11/2015 - 10/2018 • Solar-Era-Net (EU)
7/2018 • BMWi Germany BiFaLo Bifacial PV modules for lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Optimized
bifacial cell designs and processes for highest energy yield. 10/2017 -
High Efficiency Processes and Basic Research 9/2020 • Solar-Era-Net (EU)
Finances
TUKAN Tunnel contacts on N type: for metallization with screen printing under AtaMoS-TeC Development of bifacial double glass desert modules (330Wp and
the use of highly doped poly-silicon. 10/2017 - 09/2020 • BMWi Germany 400Wpe+) and desert systems.12/2016 - 11/2021• CORFO (Chile)
Kosmos cost optimized high efficiency solar cells made of low oxygen n-type
monocrystalline silicon for industrial mass production. 5/2015 - 4/2018 Smart Grids and Energy Systems
• BMWi Germany H2O-CC Systemic efficiency gains in PV-fed, non-thermal seawater desalination
IdeAl Industrial PVD-Al for highly efficient crystalline Si solar cells and modules systems by cooling with water. April 2016 - März 2019 • BMBF Germany
9/2015 - 8/2018 • BMWi Germany C/sells The energy system of the future in the solar arc of southern Germany.
Refined PV Reduction of Losses by ultrafine Metallization and Interconnection of Pho- 01/2017 - 12/2020 • BMBF (SINTEG) Germany
tovoltaic Solar Cells. 7/2017 - 6/2020 • Solar-Era-Net (EU) CALLIA Open Inter-DSO electricity markets for RES integration. Enabling the local bal-
HVolt-PV Development of cost effective high efficiency high voltage modules with thin ancing of renewable energy. 7/2016 – 3/2019 • EraNet Smart Grids Plus (EU).
quartered back contact solar cells. 6/2016 - 5/2018 • Solar-Era-Net (EU) Ehoch4 Quartier Residential solution from innovative coupled power supply units by
SunTune High-efficiency solar cells by spectral transformation using nano-optical 4.0 means of sector coupling. 5/2016 - 12/2018 • Ministry of Environment,
enhancement. 5/2015 - 4/2019 • Programkomiteen for Bæredygtig Energi Baden-Württemberg
og Miljø (DK) IT Grid Design IT-based grid expansion planning in the distribution network for a new
decentralized energy system. 4/2017 - 3/2020 • Ministry of Environment, BW
Environmentally friendly and sustainable processes SoLAR Smart grid without load measurement Allensbach/Radolfzell. Fluctuating
Eco-Solar Eco-Solar Factory - 40% plus eco-efficiency gains in the photovoltaic renewable energy integration. 5/2018 - 4/2020 • Ministry of Environment
value chain with minimized resource and energy consumption. 10/2015
- 9/2018 • EU H2020 Social Activities
EpiComm Solar wafer epitaxial growth technology to increase efficiency of solar cell KonSoLe Workshop for school classes sensitizing youngsters for renewable
manufacturing. 7/2016 – 6/2019 EU -H2020/KIC InnoEnergy energy and sustainability. 1/2017 - 6/2018 • Ministry of Environment,
Baden-Württemberg.
IT Supported Production Processes SolarLAGO Networking in the field of renewable energies. Initiation of regional pro-
FlexFab Flexible production of solar cells in future PV factories. To produce evolu- jects. Organization and execution of events. 1/2017 - 12/2018 • City and
tionary successive solar cell concepts in one cell line. 7/2017 - 6/2020 • rural district of Konstanz
BMWi Germany One World Promoter Support of civil society and action groups in view of a sustainable devel-
TechFab From technical center 4.0 to the self-learning factory. To strengthen the Programme opment and global fairness. 1/2014 - 12/2018 • Ministries BW & Germany
PV equipment manufacturer. 11/2017 - 6/2018 • Ministry of Economy,
Baden-Württemberg
20 21Finances Memberships
Innovations
Revenue and Operating Income 2016/2017
Petra Hoffmann
petra.hoffmann@isc-konstanz.de
+49-7531-36 18 3-190 • Intangible activity: 2.697k€ (63,7% of total income) compared to
2.205k€ ( 58,4%) in 2016
• Special purpose activity: 875k€ (20,7 %) compared to
Activities
789k€ (20,9%) in 2016
• Economic business operation: 177k€ (4,2%) compared to
124k€ (3,3%) in 2016
• Asset management: 485k€ (11,5%) compared to 661k€ (17,5%) in 2016
• Loss : -181k€ compared to -284k€ in 2016
Finances
Balance sheet key figures (KEUR) KOMPETENZZENTRUM
4.771 € ENERGIEWENDE
4.409 € 4.280 €
Fixed Assets ratio REGION KONSTANZ
67% 73% 80%
Current Assets ratio
33% 27% 20%
18% 15% 10% Equity ratio
82% 85% 90% Liabilities ratio
Balance sheet total
2015 2016 2017
Balance Sheet Employees
Financial statements drawn up in accordance with the regulations of com-
mercial law (HGB, German Commercial Code). Employee numbers (Ø Full-time equivalent)
Revenue and Profit /Loss (KEUR)
43,3 41,6 41,0 43,9
40,7
3.779 € 4.235 € Intangible activity
3.330 € Special-purpose operation
Economic business operation
Asset management activity
-379 € -284 € -181 €
Profit / Loss
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2015 2016 2017 Scientists Administration
22 23Board of Directors: Rudolf Harney ISC Konstanz e.V. Tel: +49-7531-36 18 3-0 Dr Radovan Kopecek Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 15 Fax: +49-7531-36 18 3-11 Dr Kristian Peter 78467 Konstanz sekretariat@isc-konstanz.de Dr Eckard Wefringhaus Germany www.isc-konstanz.de Dr Peter Fath
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