PROSPECTUS - City Montessori School 2020-21
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City Montessori School
Lucknow, India
PROSPECTUS
2020-21 Recipient of
the year 2002 -
UNESCO Prize CMS is the world’s
for Peace Education Largest City SchoolWelcome to our joyful school
Our School Prayer
I bear witness, O my God,
that Thou hast created me
to know Thee and to worship Thee.
I testify at this moment
to my powerlessness and to Thy might,
to my poverty and to Thy wealth.
There is none other God but Thee,
the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.
4 Building Blocks of CMS
UNIVERSAL VALUES
SERVICE TO THE WORLD
CMS Vision GLOBAL UNDERSTANDING
The CMS vision is to create world unity through
education and to nurture thoughtful and proactive EXCELLENCE IN ALL THINGS
world citizens and leaders committed to the service
of humanity.
4 Pillars of CMS
CMS Mission
The CMS mission is to create a better future for all
Knowledge
Perception
children. We achieve this by maximising
Wisdom
Spiritual
Eloquent
Speech
opportunities for children through holistic, values-
based education of the highest quality and through
initiatives that promote unity and meaningful social
action for development.
4 Pillars of CMS EducationCity Montessori School (CMS)
Preparing world citizens since 1959
Overview
City Montessori School (CMS) is the world’s largest city-school, with 18
campuses in the city of Lucknow. CMS has been ranked among India’s Top
3 Most Respected Education Brands (Education World), has held 5 of the
Top 10 schools ranking in Lucknow, and has the #1 campus in UP (Gomti
Nagar Campus I). The school that began with 5 children in 1959 on a Recipient of
borrowed capital of 300 rupees today has over 57,000 students from the year 2002 -
UNESCO Prize
Montessori to Class XII. for Peace Education
Our founders, Dr Jagdish Gandhi and Dr Bharti Gandhi, were inspired by
the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and Sant Vinoba Bhave. They started
CMS with the vision of inspiring generations of children to become
socially conscious world citizens, committed to the service of humanity.
Their motto Jai Jagat has been the school's greeting from the beginning, CMS is the world’s
as a deliberate contrast to the popular Jai Hind greeting at the time. CMS Largest City School
with over 57,000 students
children are taught the value of Vasudhaiv Kutumbakam, or ‘the Earth is
but One Country and Mankind its Citizens'.
www.cmseducation.org 1Meet the Management
Dr Jagdish Gandhi Dr Bharti Gandhi
Founder-Manager Founder-Director
Apart from nurturing CMS into the An alumna of Lucknow University
world’s largest city-school, Dr and former psychologist at the UP
Gandhi has attracted global government’s Psychology Bureau,
acclaim for promoting Dr Bharti Gandhi is co-founder of
international peace. For his CMS. An able administrator and
services to Indian education Dr leader, she has championed
Gandhi has been recognized numerous social causes and
around the world. Among them: convened an all-India Anti Dowry
the Yash Bharati Award of the UP Government (2014); the Conference and the UP State Prohibition Conference. Dr
Gusi Peace Prize of the Philippines (2011); the Hope of Bharti has organised several children’s and youth festivals to
Humanity Award by the Dalai Lama (2010); the Key to the promote international peace, and has organized a Sunday
City of Georgetown, USA (2002); and honorary doctorates Satsang (spiritual discourse) every week for the last 20 years
from universities in Russia, Peru, Turkey, Mongolia and at CMS.
Argentina. For her contributions to education and women’s
Dr Jagdish Gandhi speaks regularly on international and empowerment she has been conferred many prestigious
national TV channels including News 18 India, Aaj Tak, awards including the Devi Award, Janpriya Vyaktitwa
Sadhana Prime News, ETV, K News, News 1 India, OK-India, Samman, Bhartiya Nari Samman, Rani Laxmibai Bravery
India News, India Watch, Hindi Khabar, Bharat Samachar, Award, Adhi Abadi Award and most recently, a Lifetime
Aalami Sahara and CMS Local Channel. Achievement Award at the House of Commons, London.
He has served as the Chief Organizer of the International
Conference of Chief Justices of the World every year for the
past 20 years, convening the highest-level Parliamentarians
and Judiciary members from across the globe.
Roshan Gandhi
Director of Strategy
Professor As Director of Strategy, Mr Roshan
Geeta Gandhi Kingdon Gandhi is leading innovation
through means such as the
President i nte g rat i o n o f e d u cat i o n a l
Geeta Gandhi Kingdon has been technology, new methods for
President of City Montessori character education, data-driven
School Society since 2007, while target-setting, curricular career
also being Professor at the counselling, and more. He is overseeing strategic
Institute of Education, University overhauling of the organisation’s operations through
College London (UCL), where she automation, computerisation, and process modernisation,
holds the Chair of ‘Education Economics and International as well as driving infrastructural upgradation across all CMS
Development’. She has a BSc (Honours) in Economics from schools. Bringing international experience as a graduate of
the London School of Economics and a D.Phil in the University of Oxford and a MBA in Educational
Development Economics from the University Oxford. In Leadership from University College London (UCL), he has
2010, she moved back to India after living in England for 31 worked in and continues to consult for multiple educational
years, in order to become the Chief Operating Officer of technology companies, and is a certified career counsellor.
CMS, but she continues to work as UCL professor part time. A passionate enthusiast for education, Roshan is a frequent
As CMS President, her focus has been on modernising this keynote and panel speaker at educational conferences
60 year old legacy school while maintaining the culture and around the country, and is associated with a prominent
traditions that have made it great. think tank leading education policy reform.
42Model Junior Youth Board Exams 2019 Virtues Project
United Empowerment Page 34 Page 40
Nations Programme (JYEP)
Page 41 Page 40
Out of the 5972 CMS
students who appeared
for the ICSE & ISC Board
Exams, 2936 (49.16%)
secured aggregate marks
between 90% & 99.75%.
Cambridge Global Western Psychological
Board Section Exposure Classical Music Counselling
Page 8 Page 42 Page 39 Page 41
Adaptive & CMS New ERP
&
Tablet-Based
Learning a step ahead IT Portal
Page 11
Page 10
Careers Library SAT, ACT, AP
Page 14 & TOEFL Test Center
Curriculum- Robotics New Learning New Sports
Integrated Career Labs Facilities Facilities
& Study Abroad Page 11 Page 15 Page 13, 36
Counselling
Page 14
www.cmseducation.org 5
3CMS Annual Report 2019-2020
Professor Geeta Gandhi Kingdon
President and Chief Operating Officer, CMS
MSc and DPhil, University of Oxford
BSc, London School of Economics
2019-20 marked the diamond jubilee of CMS. This Kong, Japan, Finland, Spain, Germany, Abu Dhabi, Japan,
completion of 60 glorious years of service to the children of Hong Kong and Canada in the calendar year 2019, and 34 of
Lucknow was befittingly celebrated with the launch of a them received generous scholarships, with several getting
biography of our Founders, a grand 'Western Classical Music 100% scholarship for 4 years. From 2016-2019, 250 CMS
Concert' with 168 musician from 17 nations and 11 Indian students have received offer from universities abroad out of
States, by the India National Youth Orchestra and Chorus which 136 students received generous scholarships. Two
(INYOC), a special celebration with an alumni meet, and a CMS students won the Tata Trust 100% scholarship to study
grand parade in November 2019, with student bands, dances at Cornell University: Aditya Dwivedi in Fall 2016, and
and tableaus depicting the school's history and philosophy. Deepika Gupta in Fall 2017; Saubhagya Vardhan went on a
Throughout the session 2019-20 we created opportunities 100% scholarship to Stanford University. (for more detailed
for our students to grow in confidence and develop skills information, see
through our diverse programme of sport, music, literary www.cmseducation.org/results_&_achievements/top_univ
activities, art-craft, debates, public speaking, educational ersities.html.)
trips, youth empowerment activities, school council Professional course entrances and scholarships
processes, community service, environmental activities, 62 CMS students qualified the IIT-JEE exam 2019, out of the
hobby clubs and international exchanges. Through these 256 who passed the IIT Mains exam. 96 students passed the
students learned to fail and succeed and gained perspective NEET exam for medical entrance, and 25 the CLAT exam for
and self-knowledge. We are especially proud that, belying entry into the national law colleges. 12 CMS students were
our large size, we created space and opportunity for the selected for the Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojna
flourishing of the talents and niche interests of individual Scholarship (KVPY) 2019 winning a total scholarship of Rs 48
children. And, even when it did not get translated into visible Lakhs. 83 CMS students of class XII qualified for the
achievement, we valued effort, participation (in a broad Government of India's Ministry of Science & Technology
range of activities), and, importantly, also one another. National Merit scholarship of Rs. 4 lakh each, earning a total
Euphoria over board results scholarship of Rs 3.32 crore. CMS students excelled in the
Jubilation over the board exam results was justified, since International Benchmark Test (IBT) conducted by the
quality was achieved in large quantity: A total of 2940 CMS Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), with 6
pupils of ICSE and ISC (49.3% of the total of 5964 board exam students securing 100% marks and winning top positions at
takers of CMS in March 2019) got an aggregate mark of 90% the international level. See
to 99.75%. Vedanshi Tiwari secured second All India Rank www.cmseducation.org/results_&_achievements/selection
(AIR) in the ISC with 99.75%. In ICSE, Radhika Gupta also .html
grabbed the AIR 2 with a 99.40% mark. Nine students Success in the Civil Services exams
secured the AIR 3 nationally, in ISC with a 99.50% aggregate Six CMS alumni entered the prestigious Civil Services to
mark, while one student, Shashwat Verma secured AIR 3 in become IAS officers in 2019: Ayushi Singh (Rank 86),
ICSE with a 99.20%.A total of 123 ISC students of CMS were Nripendra Singh (Rank 327), Kriti Pandey (Rank 389),
among the ISC Top Ten AIR holders. At the ICSE level, 50 CMS Siddhartha Gautam (Rank 538), Deepak Misra (Rank 511),
students of Class 10 were in the All India top-10 ICSE Merit list Abhijeet Kumar (Rank 717).
(for more details, see
Six CMS ex-students have been selected in prestigious PCS
www.cmseducation.org/monthly_bulletin/session_2019_2 entrance exams: Aishwarya Nanda of CMS Aliganj I, Surabhi
020/july.html). Roy of CMS Mahanagar, Lavi Tripathi of CMS Mahanagar,
Admission offers from universities abroad Anandya Vikram Singh of CMS Gomti Nagar I in 2017, Alpika
81 CMS students received admission offers from some highly Verma of CMS Rajendra Nagar I and Shruti Gupta of CMS
ranked universities abroad in the US, UK, Australia, Hong Aliganj I.
4Three CMS alumnae passed the PCS-J (Judicial Services) exam in 2018-19 (results declared in
2019), and will go on to become judges: Ayushi Chaturvedi alumna of CMS Station Road campus 1
(Rank 77); Umaima Shahnawaz, Station Road campus (Rank 100); and Vrushali Gupta, CMS students got
Mahanagar campus (Rank 391). 2nd All-India Rank in
For details, see: www.cmseducation.org/results_&_achievements/ias_selection.html ISC merit list 2019,
External Recognition with 99.75% agg. mark
CMS again figured in the Guinness Book of Records as the World's Largest City School with the
updated figure of 55,547 pupils as of 16 Jan 2019.CMS was ranked among India's top three 'Most
Respected Education Brands' by the premier education magazine Education World in
September 2019. 2940
CMS Founder-Manager Dr Jagdish Gandhi was honoured with a 'Lifetime Achievement award' at CMS students
the 'Education Excellence Awards' ceremony in Dehradun, and the CMS Founder-Director obtained 90% or
Dr Bharti Gandhi was honoured with a 'Lifetime Achievement Award' for her outstanding above in the ICSE
contributions to education in the Churchill Hall at the British Parliament in London, by the & ISC exams 2019
Intelligent Minds Trust.
Ms Manjit Batra (Senior Principal, Gomti Nagar Extension campus) was bestowed with
"Leadership Award for Excellence in Co-Curricular Education" at a national function in New
Delhi. Mrs Jyoti Kashyap, Senior Principal of CMS Aliganj Campus I and Mrs Abha Anant, Principal 173
of Gomti Nagar Campus I were conferred 'Future 50 Leaders Shaping Success' award at a CMS students
ceremony held in Jaipur. are in top 10
national ranks in
CMS Gomti Nagar I Campus was judged the Best Co-Educational School in Uttar Pradesh by the
ICSE & ISC 2019 exams
Education World magazine. CMS Aliganj and CMS Rajendra Nagar were placed 5th and 6th while
CMS Rajajipuram and CMS Kanpur Road were ranked 9th and 10th. Thus, five CMS campuses
were ranked among the top ten co-educational schools of Lucknow.
see www.cmseducation.org/awards_recognitions/index.html
62
Developments in infrastructure CMS students
In 2019, CMS Rajajipuram I Campus, Gomti Nagar II and Rajendra Nagar III were equipped with selected in
new Robotics Labs, and attractive new libraries were made at Anand Nagar, Chowk, Rajajipuram IIT-JEE
I and Gomti Nagar I campuses. Buildings were expanded at the CMS Mahanagar, Asharfabad,
Kanpur Road campuses and at Head Office. In addition, land was acquired adjacent to the Gomti
Nagar extension campus and in Jopling Road for future growth and better facilities. We installed
solar panels at five campuses: Kanpur Road, Rajajipuram I, Aliganj I, Gomti Nagar I and Gomti
Nagar II campuses. A unique state-of-the-art Career Library was set up at the CMS Rajajipuram 6 ex-CMS students
Campus I. selected in
Civil Services (IAS) &
We upgraded all ISC classes (classes 11 to 12) with brand new furniture, which completes our six- 6 in PCS in 2019
year project to provide new furniture to all students from Montessori to Class 12. For details,
please visit: www.cmseducation.org/infrastructure_facilities/index.html
Staff training
Training (in pedagogy, subject-matter knowledge and IT) is a strong perennial theme at CMS and
2019-20 was no exception. We organised workshops by Ms Sumathi Shivashankar from 41
Association Montessori Internationale, on the use of Montessori Apparatus for Pre Primary CMS students
teachers; training on Phonics for Pre Primary and Primary teachers; and Workshops for Primary cleared the
Maths teachers. Junior teachers were trained in Mind Mapping and Mathematics. For the CLAT & SLAT Exam 2019
training of senior teachers, Mrs Hilda Peacock for ICSE English Language, Mrs Suchismita Raha
for ISC English Literature and Mrs Adarsh Wadhwa for ISC Accounts were sent by the CISCE
Council to apprise teachers about the latest trends and expectations in their subjects. Champion
Teachers from various CMS campuses and Facilitators from the CMS Innovation Wing conducted
refresher training workshops, especially during periods of weather-related school closures. 96
Several CMS teachers excelled nationally in the CENTA Teachers' Professional Olympiad. CMS students
qualified
· Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) NEET-2019
Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are groups of teachers and administrators
engaged in sharing and generating new ideas through continuous enquiry and improvement
for the benefit of students. The process of developing PLCs in CMS has borne fruit as various
vertical and horizontal PLCs have been successfully established in most campuses. This has
Rs. 3 Crore 32 Lakhs
promoted cooperation, support and personal development of teachers and has influenced
Scholarship
classroom teaching practices via more evidence-driven decision making. to 83 CMS
· Open Education Resources (OERs) students of Class XII
CMS teachers are not only curating Open Education Resources (OERs) from the internet, but
also developing their own in house Effective Resourceful Assets (ERA). They are trained by
www.cmseducation.org 5the CMS eLearning Department in collaboration with Child Wellbeing
the Innovation Wing, to create digital content that is The CMS Child Wellbeing Department will complete its fifth
customized for the CMS classes. Several of our teachers year in July 2020. Our 14 full time psychological counsellors
won the national Tata ClassEdge competition. continued to provide support to students and their families
For details see: www.cmsitportal.org/resource in 2019-20 in a warm and supportive environment.2019-20
· Learning Expedition for Educators and Mentors was celebrated as 'year of Compassion'.
To bring their learning into the classrooms, teachers of The school counsellors provided Individual Counselling,
the CMS Cambridge section planned an expedition for Group Counselling, Parental Counselling, Family
grade VIII students,'How a historian works', taking Social Counselling and Life skill training. To keep their
Studies as the core subject, seeking to develop skills professionalism high, they themselves were provided
aligned with the syllabus, such as observing and making frequent training opportunities in 2019-20, including
inferences, while analysing the primary sources training on the POCSO Act 2012; training on 'How to deal
available in their city like monuments, bazars, houses, with Self harm Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults'; a
arts and crafts, food, languages. Students also learned training named 'Path to Success – Study Smart'; and a
the crucial skill of taking other perspectives into account session on safe use of Internet, Cyber Laws and Data privacy
while reconstructing old narratives. Students also to make students virtually smart.
understood the concept of continuity and change by A Child Wellbeing survey was conducted for CMS Junior and
mapping the changes the city had undergone. Senior Students in August 2019, to gain a better
Safety and Security understanding of various aspects such as children's diet,
Campus safety and security committees continued their nutrition, exercise, bullying, perceptions of inequality, and
monthly minuted-meetings to ensure that safety is kept a self-perceived socio-emotional state. For more information
foremost concern of the campus leadership team. Police please see: www.cmseducation.org/childwellbeing
verification of all school drivers and helper staff was Expanding international opportunities
completed in 2019-20. Regular training and workshops on Opportunities for international exposure of our students
health and hygiene, POCSO Act 2012, and Prevention of expanded further in 2019-20.
Sexual Harassment Act 2013 was conducted periodically in · In 2019, CMS became a TOEFL test centre, for the 'Test of
2019-20. Workshops were conducted for all CMS English as a Foreign Language', which enables Indian
bus/van/rickshaw drivers and cleaners with the help of the
students to enroll in universities abroad.
staff of the RTO and the traffic police, on the New Motor
Vehicle Amendment Act 2019 which includes road and child · We continued to be the only exam center in UP for the
safety aspects. SAT, AP and ACT exams for entrance into US universities,
and for the Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing
More CCTV cameras were added on the school premises,
(CAAT) exams for entrance into UK Universities, which
and the existing ones maintained. A qualified full-time
includes the BMAT and UKCAT tests for entry into
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) officer was
medicine and natural sciences courses at Oxford and
appointed in 2019. There was fortnightly checking of the
Cambridge.
functionality of the fire safety equipment, periodic Fire-
Fighting Mock Drills, and extensive training of staff in the · In 2019, CMS's in-house career counselors participated
use of fire-extinguishers and hose-pipes. Emergency in the International Career and College Counselling
evacuation plans continue to be displayed near staircases. Conference (IC3) in Mumbai in August 2019, and in a
For more details, see www.cmseducation.org/safety. training workshop of the International Award for Young
Introduction of technology People (IAYP). CMS also hosted the 2019 IC3 Regional
ICCC Forum in April 2019.
We had already successfully installed Interactive
Whiteboards and Interactive Flat Panels, and provided high · In 2019-20, the sophisticated Mindler career guidance
quality Tata ClassEdge curriculum-mapped soft- programme was successfully rolled out for all our
content,classroom activities and multiple types of digital students of Classes 9-12, with personalized insights into
assets like Smart Notebook across all CMS classrooms. In career options through psychometric testing, expert
2019-20, there has been a progression to new technologies counselling, and access to valuable materials.
to further enhance teaching and learning. We are · Apurva Chauhan, Gomti Nagar Campus I received her
successfully running projects of Artificially Intelligent level 4 ABRSM Diploma at the ABRSM Diploma Awards
e-learning platforms (Khan Academy, Seneca Learning App, ceremony for South East Asia at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Genius Corner) in campuses. Students learn using built-in on 13 April 2019, becoming the youngest Indian to join
content, and based on their answers to a number of the elite group of renowned opera singers such as Cecilia
diagnostic and formative assessments, the system Bartolli (Italy), Renee Fleming (USA) etc.
automatically (using machine learning and big data)
· The popular singing duo, 'Jack & Joel', from the
provides a personalized learning path for each student.
University of Oxford, UK, performed live concerts at CMS
CMS's administrative processes are rapidly being
and received overwhelming response.
automated, thanks to a dedicated in-house development
team. · To celebrate the CMS Diamond Jubilee (1959-2019) and
For more information, please visit: www.cmsitportal.org 150th birth of Mahatma Gandhi, CMS organized a grand
6'Western Classical Music Concert'. 168 musician from 17 nations and 11 Indian States
representing the Vienna University Philharmonic Orchestra and Choir (INYOC) and musicians
from the Dominican Republic performed selected pieces of music of four of the greatest 18th
81
CMS students got
& 19th century classical composers.
admission offers to
· An eight member delegation of German teachers visited CMS to study its unique pedagogical study abroad, 34
methods to impart a holistic education to students. with scholarships
· The CMS Cambridge Section (at our Gomti Nagar Extension campus), which is Lucknow's
only secondary school affiliated with an international exam board (Cambridge Assessment
th
International Education, CAIE), expanded to class 11 , also known as AS ('Advanced
Secondary') Level. In March 2021 students will sit their first A-Level (class 12) board exam. 1184
classrooms
· The number of CMS students opting for German reached about 4,500 this year. 9 CMS
equipped
students are currently studying in German universities free of tuition-fee, thanks to these with interactive
classes. white boards (IWBs)
Sports at CMS
CMS Gomti Nagar I campus got a large new astro-turf playground in 2019-20. International
cricket matches are played under state-of-the-art floodlights that have been installed at the
cricket stadium of CMS Kanpur Road campus, which also organized the hugely successful CISCE
National Cricket Tournament this academic session. RDSO organized “EXSPO” International 6,34,149
2019 in 15 sporting disciplines. International teams from a number of countries participated in Total number of
the International football tournament “Concord” which was organized by CMS Station Road visitors at
campus. Like every year, inter-campus games and sports competitions were held in football, CMS IT Portal
basketball, table tennis, karate, judo, cricket, yoga athletics, swimming, etc. CMS students
brought laurels to the school by winning numerous awards at the zonal, state, national levels,
including 17 students representing the Council at the SGFI (Sports and Games Federation of
India) Games 2019-20 in swimming, cricket, karate, taekwondo and yoga. For more information,
4,500
CMS students
please visit: www.cmseducation.org/sports/
learning German &
Global Exposure to CMS students French languages
In a globalizing world, CMS students benefitted enormously from international exposure that
we purposively arranged for them. In 2019-20, CMS hosted a number of international events,
conferences, festivals and olympiads, participated in the 'Generation Global' international
video-conferences for dialogue with foreign counterparts, and went on educational
programmes in Australia, Austria, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mauritius, Norway, Rs. 4.50 lakh
South Africa and USA. Our annual engagements with CISV and ISSE (International School to collected for
School Exchange)continued in 2019-20, creating opportunities for multi-cultural experience. charity by
Conclusion CMS students
CMS has striven to make its education more relevant by choosing pedagogical approaches and
technologies that develop the skills needed today. We have also expanded our child wellbeing,
virtues-orientation and youth empowerment work to develop pupils' socio-emotional skills. We
have sought to create a happy environment in our school, where there is scope for self- SAT, AP, ACT, ATS &
expression, where pupils feel accepted, affirmed and fortified, where their confidence and self- TOEFL Exam Centres
belief grows, and where they feel empowered to take on the world. at CMS
I am absolutely thrilled with the developments of the past year, and am proud of the diligent and Gomti Nagar Campus I & II
dutiful CMS staff who remain in a posture of learning, and are constantly accepting new
challenges in order to help students to shore up the many spectacular victories described above.
I am grateful to our discerning parent community for recognizing the specialness of a CMS
174
education, for entrusting us with their children and for supporting the home-school partnership. CMS students &
staff went abroad
for International
Exchanges
For detailed report,
please scan QR Over
Rs. 1.2 Crore
or visit www.cmseducation.org/annualreport awards to deserving
teachers on
Teachers Day
www.cmseducation.org 7CMS Cambridge Section
CMS: Now a Cambridge School
CMS Gomti Nagar Extension campus is now also
affiliated with the Cambridge Assessment International
Education (CAIE) Board, which is part of the University
from the commitment to academic excellence, a vast
of Cambridge. The IGCSE (International General
range of extra-curricular activities are an integrated part
Certificate of Secondary Education) qualification is
of the CMS Cambridge timetable, and a huge amount of
recognised as equivalent to Class 10 and the Advanced
support is provided to enable students to gain admission
Level (A-Level) qualification is recognised by the
in universities abroad.
Association of Indian Universities (AIU) as equivalent to
any higher secondary qualifications of Boards in India. About the Cambridge Board
To learn in more detail about the distinctive features of Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of
the CMS Cambridge section, please ask your campus for the University of Cambridge, one of the world’s top
the separate CMS Cambridge section prospectus, or universities trusted for excellence in education. It is the
visit www.cmseducation.org/cambridge world’s largest provider of international qualifications
for students aged between 5-19 years. Its qualifications
The CMS Cambridge Experience
are recognized and accepted by universities, educators
CMS Cambridge Section is open for students of Classes
and employers across the globe.
IV-XII, offering both IGCSEs and A Levels, with subject
choices including English, Mathematics, Physics, The IGCSE qualification (International General Certificate
Chemistry, Biology, Business Studies, Economics, of Secondary Education) is recognised by the Council of
History, Geography, Computer Science, Hindi, German, Boards of School Education (COBSE) of India and is
and French. equivalent to any Class X Board. The A-Level
qualifications are recognized by the Association of
The IGCSE at CMS Cambridge offers a flexible and
Indian Universities (AIU) as equivalent to any Class XII
stimulating curriculum, supported with excellent
qualifications. (See also
resources and training. For learners, the Cambridge
www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-
Section helps improve performance by developing skills
qualifications/recognition-and-acceptance)
in creative thinking, enquiry and problem solving.
CMS Cambridge classes have a maximum of 30 students For more information,
per class, and all classes are fully air-conditioned. Apart on Cambridge Section
please scan QR
Students of the CMS Cambridge Section
8Learn more! Visit their website at www.cambridgeinternational.org or speak to your local Cambridge International representative (CMS Cambridge Section).
Academics in 2019-20 Co-curricular Activities
Session 2019-20 was a year of achievements galore for Students-led clubs are an integral part of the CMS
the CMS Cambridge section, the highlight being the Cambridge School life. These clubs are built into the
much awaited IGCSE results. timetable of the students. Getting involved in clubs
Divyam Chaudhary topped with five A*s and three As. transpires critical thinking, organization and pursuit of
The second and third places were secured by Tribhuvan excellence in them. Students can enlist themselves in
Singh and Syed Mahmood respectively. 70% of the any of the clubs according to their talent and choice.
students got an A*, A or B making it an impressive These clubs are:
maiden performance. With multiple papers back to n Debate Club
back, no inflation and no moderation - every mark was
n Business Clubs
truly earned.
n Sports Club - Basketball & Football
The IBT results were also encouraging with Anahita
Singh and Sneha Singh securing 99.9 percentile in n Book Club
English. The overall result of Class X was higher than the n Chess Club
international average in English. n Music Club
n Theatre Club
Student speak n Self Defense Club
The past few years of my life have
been exceedingly productive,
predominantly because of my
semesters at Cambridge. This school
is a perfect blend of quality
education and remarkably well
maintained school atmosphere. The
teaching staff here comprises of a
hand-picked community of seasoned educationalists.
Throughout my journey here, I have witnessed
several constructive alterations in me, which
allowed me to unleash my creative facets helping me
to effectively broaden my horizons and attain
proficiency in diverse aspects of contemporary arts. I
am immensely pleased and grateful for the treasured
casket of opportunities that Cambridge has
bestowed upon me. It's a life changing moment one
should never miss.
— Divyam Chaudhary, AS level (Class XI)
www.cmseducation.org 7
9
(5)Technology in CMS Education
Device-Based & Adaptive Learning
CMS has started providing devices such as tablets and eLearning platform, combined with sophisticated
state-of-the-art computers for learning. 'Adaptive algorithms and data analysis through machine learning
learning' is being trialled in a variety of pilot projects to and artificial intelligence. Some of these pilot projects
personalise learning to the needs of individual students include tablet-based mathematics adaptive learning
by pitching specific learning content to each student software; 'Khan Academy' online content; and the
according to his or her own level of understanding and 'Century Tech', ‘Genius Corner’, ‘LightSail’, and ‘Seneca’
pace of learning. At the same time, meaningful data is artificially intelligent eLearning platforms.
automatically aggregated for teachers to use to inform
their teaching strategies. This is enabled through
continuous diagnostic assessment through the
Interactive White Boards IT Training & Support
& Flat Panels Our IT Training Department that supports IT training of
CMS has installed interactive white boards across its both teaching and non-teaching staff, by defining IT
classrooms a total of 1155 across CMS – to drastically Training level-wise (introductory Level 1 for beginners
enhance the classroom teaching process. Recently CMS and Level 2 for project-based learning). This has
has begun acquiring Interactive Flat Panels, a more empowered teachers to enhance their teaching using
advanced version of this kind of technology, to further technological tools.
optimise children’s learning experience and to make Hardware across CMS is supported by the Computer
technological adoption easier for teachers. Our interactive Department's dedicated team of specialists, engineers
boards are equipped with Tata ClassEdge content – quality, and technicians overseeing the smooth functioning of
interactive learning content mapped to the children’s
curriculum. The ‘CMS ERA’ programme has also IT training session of staff
empowered teachers to develop and share learning
content, while thousands of ‘Open Educational Resources’
(OERs) have been made readily accessible to all teachers.
our computer labs, IT Training Centres, Interactive White
Boards, servers, networking, and Internet functionality.
Our LED screens and sound systems support events for
children in our state-of-the-art auditoria and across CMS
Teaching through Flat Panel
campuses.
10Robotics Labs
The Robotics laboratories at CMS Rajajipuram I, Gomti Nagar II,
and Rajendra Nagar III started with the assistance of Bangalore-
based tech firm Sirena Technologies. These have been established
with the aim of introducing students to the exotic field of Robotics
and cutting-edge technologies such as 3D Printing with a very
practical approach, relevant to all ages, whereby students have
access to all the tools, equipment and guidance they need to get
started with the broad field that Robotics is. Students work with
'Nino' the humanoid robot, which can be programmed in many
different ways and allows them to feel how powerful and
interesting the world of programming can be. This knowledge and
exposure will help students to brace the changing world and its
exponentially growing technology, showcasing not just academic
brilliance but also technological fluency.
Administrative Tools
A new school ERP system has been recently introduced modules automating recruitment, workforce
across CMS, with powerful features not only to automate management, and procurement – major operational
repetitive administrative tasks that were previously functions of the organisation – as well as staff
carried out by teachers manually (such as timetabling and Dashboards for accessing materials, events calendar,
fee collection tracking), but also to enable advanced data staff directory, and more, along with spaces to submit
collection and analysis across a range of child reports and facilitate internal communications. This has
parameters, that can be used to track and personalise a enabled a data-driven approach to drive operational
child’s learning over time. efficiency.
The CMS IT Portal, created to further automate and
streamline the organisation’s administrative work, has
Harshvardhan Bisht, a talented Class VIII student of City Montessori School, Mahanagar Campus created history by securing
first position in COMPUDON JUNIOR championship bringing laurels to his school. CyberLearning India Pvt. Ltd. has
organized this National Championship for junior School students on Microsoft’s Digital Literacy Standard Version 4.0.
www.cmseducation.org 11Infrastructure
We are constantly upgrading infrastructure to provide the
best possible learning facilities to our students. CMS
students can enjoy state-of-the art facilities for sports,
music, dance, science, computers, robotics, reading, and For more details,
more, to learn in an ideal environment. please scan QR
New Senior Section Library
Primary Section Library Auditorium at Gomti Nagar Extension campus (capacity 3,500)
Chemistry Lab Solar panels at Aliganj I, Gomti Nagar I, Gomti Nagar II,
Kanpur Road, and Rajajipuram Campuses
12Playground with new astro turf
IT Training Centre Robotics Lab
Swimming Pool
Children’s play area Music Centre
www.cmseducation.org 13Career Counselling at CMS
Career Counselling
CMS believes firmly that students must be well- person interactions per year with their dedicated career
equipped to make informed choices about their future, counselling team, comprehensive career assessments
and thus has integrated career guidance and counselling and psychometric testing, and detailed information
as an essential part of the senior curriculum. about college, exams and stream combinations, along
The Career Counselling Cell of CMS is fully dedicated to with access to their sophisticated online career library
informing students about career options and study and blogs, plus a mechanism for remaining connected as
options both in India and abroad, with study-abroad alumni.
having taken off in recent years with a total of 250 CMS
students getting admission in universities abroad since CMS Gomti Nagar Campus I is UP’s only Test Centre for
2016, with scholarship offers amounting to more than the SAT, AP, Admission Testing Services (ATS), and
80 Crores. Each student of CMS has access to dedicated American College Testing (ACT) examinations. CMS is
school career counsellors, who have received the also an International Award for Young People (IAYP)
highest levels of training within India and abroad. Centre. We also organise a grand annual Careers Day,
with experts from a vast range of fields personally
CMS has partnered with Mindler, an advanced career interacting with students and answering their queries,
counselling service offered to all senior students. as well as frequent career advisory sessions for students
Mindler offers students of Classes 9-12 at least 7 in- throughout the year.
Career counselling session in progress
Career Library
The CMS Careers Library is a dedicated space for career
counselling information, seminars, and training. The career
folders contain information about a vast range of careers,
giving pupils a basic overview about that particular career,
the soft skills and personal skills required to excel in that
career, eligibility criteria, and the list of courses and
colleges. It also comprises of less conventional careers
which will be in demand in the coming years. The Careers
Library is well equipped with brochures and prospectuses of
Career Library
various colleges abroad and Indian Universities, as well as
reference books and guides for students who desire to
qualify SAT Exams. The Careers Library is also decorated
with a world map marking CMS students' global reach to
For more information,
motivate students to aspire to study abroad. on Career Counselling
please scan QR
14Reading at CMS
We at CMS proudly recognise the value of incorporating
reading into a child’s curriculum as a cornerstone of their all-
round development. The value of having a dedicated space in
which to read peacefully, surrounded by good books in the
company of fellow readers within an attractive environment,
should not be underestimated – and with this motive we have
recently developed state-of-the-art libraries at several CMS
campuses.
CMS is also piloting programmes to enhance students’ reading
using technological tools. For younger students, the ‘Freadom’
programme has been successfully piloted, whereby the
school’s ecosystem becomes geared towards reading through
a combination of teacher training (both facilitator-led and
app-based), fun and healthy competitions, storytelling
elements in the curriculum, author visits, and, most
importantly, a parent app on which young students can be
engaged by reading enjoyable stories to develop a love for
reading. Pre-primary students of CMS also learn how to read
using the Fitzroy Phonics method, for which a parent app for
house practice is also available. For older students, the ‘Light
Sail’ programme has been successfully piloted, through which
a student’s reading level is benchmarked and the student is
able to read appropriately-levelled reading content
accordingly, with in-built features to ensure the student is
actually comprehending what they are reading.
www.cmseducation.org 15Joyful & Confident Pre-Primary Years Goals 3Es Encouragement Environment Example of Adults 16
CMS focuses on six aspects of learning that provide a The Pre-primary years in CMS inculcate in children the
comprehensive framework for a child’s development at qualities of curiosity, exploration and discovery in a fun-
the pre-primary level: filled, safe and happy learning environment. The
1. Personal, social and emotional development emphasis is on developing in students love of learning,
social skills, moral values, and self-confidence. Teachers
2. Communication, language and literacy ensure this by letting the students explore, know,
3. Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy understand and form their own ideas. The principles of
4. Physical development learning applied in pre-primary include Holistic
Development through Integrated Learning, Active
5. Creative development
Learning, Supportive Learning, Interactive Learning and
6. Knowledge and understanding of the world Learning through Play.
About 15% of the CMS student body is below
the age of 6.
The school environment is engaging and
responsive to the child at each stage of his/her
development.
www.cmseducation.org 17Joyful & Confident
Pre-Primary The pre-primary curriculum makes use of a range of
individual and group activities which create a lively and
positive learning environment. Games, songs, creative
projects, story-telling, role-playing, drawing and
Years painting help develop children's foundational skills in
literacy and numeracy. The curriculum prepares
children for a smooth transition to a rigorous Primary
curriculum.
Learning to pot plants Splashing in the pool
18Keeping pace with technology from a young age
I practise and I learn Together we learn
www.cmseducation.org 19Empowering
Primary
Years
The Primary Curriculum at
CMS aims to provide a joyful environment that
empowers primary age children and develops their
self-confidence and competencies.
We create a stimulating learning environment that
both supports and challenges the individual child.
As they grow, children develop the qualities of hard
work, good manners and self-discipline. They come out
as self assured and confident individuals.
Goals 3Cs
Confidence
Competency in the Core Subjects
Caring and Compassion
20Active Learner Soft Board work
Creativity at Work Together we play with clay
www.cmseducation.org 21CMS ensures that
children are well-
equipped for the
future.
Music is to the soul what words are to the mind
Empowering
Primary
Years
Children learn better when they experience
practically the knowledge that they receive
through class teaching. The primary curriculum
of CMS is based on experiential and research
based learning. It is flexible, analytical and offers
in-depth study leading to problem solving. The
knowledge is imparted in smart classrooms
equipped with Interactive White Boards with the
latest relevant softwares with video and audio
inputs for effective learning.
Four Guiding Principles
1. Every child is unique
2. Positive relationships
3. Enabling environments
4. Learning and Development
22Exuding confidence
Learning important life skills
Engaging dance class
Experiential learning in Math Lab
www.cmseducation.org 23Inspiring Dance, debating, sport, Indian and Western music
Junior
(with the option for individual music lessons),
elocution, foreign language classes, public
speaking, community service, and foreign visit
opportunities are used to expand minds and shape
young personalities.
Years
The school creates a stimulating
learning environment that both
supports and challenges the individual
student.
It promotes a safe, orderly, caring, and
supportive environment.
24Goals 4Es
Expression Exposure
Exchanges Events
www.cmseducation.org 25Inspiring Junior Years Students aged 11-13 are emerging as junior youth and curious adolescents. The foundations of solid learning laid here set the stage for academic success in the senior years. CMS identifies five key aspects occurring in transition from childhood to adulthood, which form the foundation of learning during the Junior years. Intellectual Students have opportunities to be curious and to have their thinking extended and challenged through activities like debating, public speaking, and participation in international events The bagpipe band Social Students’ need to be social and to know about themselves, is met through a culturally responsive programme like involvement in community service and a classroom culture that celebrates diversity. Physical The programme caters well for students’ needs to be physically active through sports and games, dance and inculcating in them life skills like yoga and meditation. Emotional and psychological Teachers are sensitive to the emotional and psychological changes that are happening to students. Moral With their new sense of the larger world around them, young adolescent learners are idealistic and want to have an impact on making the world a better place. There are opportunities for students through Junior Youth Empowerment Programme to participate in decision-making that affects their life within the school. 26
Tabla lesson
Understanding the human body
Enthusiastic discussion
Playing music in group
Understanding 3D model printing
Marching Band
www.cmseducation.org 27Victorious
Senior
Years
The senior years are a time for our students to learn
valuable skills for life from our professional teachers.
These years are means to achieve long-term goals and
feel a sense of pride in accomplishment. To achieve
this, the school sets rigorous academic standards. The
objective behind doing so is our fervent desire to make
every child excel and to open their eyes to possibilities
that lie ahead of them in the world at large.
Our students' success, visible through excellent board
results every year, is both due to their self-motivation
arising from consistent evaluation and to a very high
standard of teaching.
A unique op
Unde
Goals - 5Ps
Preparation for a Life of Service
Pleasing Personality
Performance in the Boards
Praiseworthy Character
Proficiency in English
28Events for Seniors
Commonwealth Youth Conference
International Schools Cricket
Premier League (ISCPL)
QUEST International Festival of
Biotechnology
GEOFEST Geography Olympiad
International Youth Convention on
Commerce and Economics
QUANTA Science Olympiad
International Convention on
Students' Quality Control Circles
(ICSQCC)
MACFAIR Mathematics and
Computer Fair
COFAS Computers and Technology
Participation in Conferences of
Chief Justices of the World
CELESTA International
ODYSSEY International
EXSPO Sports
International Young
Mathematicians Convention (IYMC)
For details of these events, please see
page 51 & 52 or
visit www.cmseducation.org
pportunity for students to interact with Chief Justices of the world
erstanding the human DNA Building robots for the future
www.cmseducation.org 29Victorious
Senior
Years
The school works to prepare confident young adults by
providing our senior students a wide variety of
opportunities beyond music, dance, debating and
sports. These include Career Fairs, guidance on Study
Abroad, meaningful character education, lectures by
eminent experts on topics of current relevance, and
unparalleled global exposure through our international
events, to prepare mindsets to face the challenges of
the modern world.
The annual Careers Day attracts about 2000 students
and parents to hear professionals (in separate halls)
from all important industries and occupations. Scores
of CMS students get admission offers from excellent
universities abroad on generous scholarships each year.
Marching smartly towards triumph
30Dedicated Career Guidance
This year, CMS is taking career guidance and
counselling to an unprecedent level with Mindler, an
advanced career guidance platform. Through
Mindler, all senior students can receive
comprehensive resources to plan for their future
beyond CMS.
In all, senior students are provided with:
at least 7 in-person interactions per year with
their dedicated career counselling team
detailed information about college, exams and
streams combinations.
online career library and blogs
comprehensive career assessments and
psychometric testing
Confident speaker
alumni database
Career counselling session
www.cmseducation.org 31Some CMS Alumni
Tanya Chaitanya Richa Singh Chitranshi
Editor and Chief Community Speech Collections Lead,
Officer, Femina, Mumbai Google Headquarters,
California, USA
Prakash Gupta, IFS Anoop Jalota
Deputy Chief of Mission Acclaimed Singer
Indian Embassy in Indonesia and Musician
Jakarta, Indonesia
Rahul Trivedi Nita Gandhi Forouhi
Topper at IIT Delhi & PhD student Physician and Professor
Stanford University, USA University of Cambridge, UK
Shruti Bajpai M. L. Sharma
Product Manager, Amazon Senior Producer, BBC
Headquarters, USA Delhi
Dr Asuri Krishna Manish Tripathi
Associate Professor of Surgery Fashion Designer & Former
All India Institute of Medical Advisor to Ministry of Textile,
Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi Government of India
Sandeep Srivastava Celina Jaitly
Founding Member of Shaadi.com Miss India (2001), Ms Universe
and Chief of Staff Microsoft, Runner-up (2001), and United
Hyderabad Nations Equality Champion
Dr Arushi Garg Sumit Gulwani
PhD in Law, University of Oxford, Partner Research Manager
Lecturer in Criminal Law, Microsoft, USA
Sheffield University
Dr Rahul Nigam Kshitendra Verma, IRS
Indian Space Research Joint Commissioner (IRS)
Organization (ISRO), Government of India
Ahmedabad New Delhi
Read more
Numerous CMS alumni are IAS, IPS, IFS, PSC
etc. For a list of recent ones, see
32Quality Assurance &
Innovations Department
Observation of
teaching-learning process
(Classroom/Notebook/Remedial)
Preparation Recruitment and
of Orientation
school curriculum program for teachers
UALITY
FQ N
CR
TRE O
Maintaining the In-service training of Ms Susmita Basu
EATION
database of all teaching QAID teachers and non teaching
Superior Principal and
CE
and non teaching staff staff at all levels
Head, Quality Assurance and
Innovations Department CMS
Conducting Centralised Expanding the
Examinations Horizon -PLC, Adhyayan
and Assessments school reviews & TMS “Quality is never an accident, it is always the result
of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent
direction and skillful execution.” CMS, Quality
Organising Inter Campus Competitions
and Preparing students for various
Assurance and Innovations Department endeavours
National Level competitions to facilitate the creation and sharing of new ideas to
meet the aspirational needs of the new generation.
More than ever, in the face of unprecedented
changes taking place in the world, education must
be visionary and future oriented and should provide
learners with skills they need to succeed in this fast
changing world.
By adopting distinctive measures like Fitzroy Phonics
and Reading Skills Programme, TMS - Target
Minimum Score of the Learners, inclusion of Higher
Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in assessments, helping
to set up Professional Learning Communities (PLCs)
and facilitating school review and evaluation in
collaboration with Adhyayan we have tried to cater
to all areas of child's development and bring about
InQuizitive - Maths Quiz
qualitative change in the teaching learning process.
Teachers are key in ensuring that students get
requisite lessons that keep their minds ignited for
seeking knowledge. We are conducting training
programmes for teachers on a regular basis to
stimulate innovations in teaching approaches and to
facilitate the learning of appropriate pedagogical
st
skills in the increasingly volatile 21 century
classroom.
PLC Workshop for Qualitative Teacher Improvement
www.cmseducation.org 33High Academic Standards
Performance in
Board Examinations 2nd Rank in
All-India ICSE
2nd Rank in
All-India ISC
CMS
Mahanagar
2019
Merit List Merit List Campus
l 99.40 % mark l 99.75 % mark Principal
Out of the 5,964 CMS students who
appeared
for the ICSE & ISC 2019 Board
Examinations
2,940 (49.3%) secured aggregate
marks
between 90% and 99.75%.
Radhika Gupta Vedanshi Tiwari Dr Kalpana Tripathi
CMS Mahanagar CMS Mahanagar
In ICSE (Class X):
1 CMS student occupied the 2nd position nationally
with 99.40% agg. mark
1 CMS student occupied the 3rd position nationally
with 99.20% agg. mark
At the state level, 1 CMS student obtained the 1st
rank, 1 CMS student obtained the 2nd rank and 1
CMS student obtained the 3rd rank (i.e. 3 CMS
students got the top 3 state ranks)
In ISC (Class XII) :
1 CMS student grabbed the 2nd position nationally
with 99.75% mark
CMS produced these glittering
9 CMS students grabbed the 3rd position nationally,
achievements and successes while being
each with 99.50% mark
At the state level, 1 CMS student obtained the 1st
highly socially inclusive, with over 30% of its
rank, 8 CMS students got the 2nd rank and 9 CMS students being from SC, ST, OBC and
students obtained the 3rd rank (i.e. 18 CMS students Economically Weaker Sections.
got the top 3 state ranks)
34CMS students in the top three ranks in the CMS students in the top few ranks in the
National Merit List of ISC 2019 National Merit List of ICSE 2019
Name Campus agg.% National Rank
Name Campus agg.% National Rank
VEDANSHI TIWARI MAHANAGAR 99.75 2nd RADHIKA GUPTA MAHANAGAR 99.40 2nd
ANANYA KALRA GOMTI NAGAR I 99.50 3rd SHASHWAT VERMA GNAGAR2 99.20 3rd
ADITYA SINGH KANPUR ROAD 99.50 3rd SANSKRITI GAUTAM MAHANAGAR 99.00 4th
DHRUV KUSHWAHA KANPUR ROAD 99.50 3rd SHIKHA TRIPATHI RAJAJIPURAM 98.80 5th
AHMAD RUSHAN MAHANAGAR 99.50 3rd
ASTHA GARG MAHANAGAR 99.50 3rd
AYUSHI SAXENA MAHANAGAR 99.50 3rd
SUBRAT SHUKLA MAHANAGAR 99.50 3rd
ANAND SHARMA RDSO 99.50 3rd
RWITICK GHOSH STATION ROAD 99.50 3rd
Other Outstanding Achievements
Entrance to IITs, 2019: 62 CMS students were 81 CMS students got admission offers from top
selected in IIT Advanced in 2019. Universities abroad in 2019
96 CMS Students qualified NEET-2019 (All India CMS students scored brilliantly in the SAT exam,
Medical Entrance Exam) which is the gateway to admission in US universities.
Govt. of India National Merit Scholarship: 83 CMS The SAT helps students to signal their ability in an
students won Rs 3 crore 32 Lakhs to pursue higher international context and thus helps to secure
studies in Science in 2019. Each will get a total of Rs admission in universities around the world. 36 of
4 Lakhs (Rs 80,000/- per year for five years) from these 81 students got scholarship offers.
the Department of Science and Technology, 16 CMS students selected in SLAT (Symbiosis LAW
Government of India. They were in the National Top Admission Test 2019)
1% Merit list of ISC 2019. 6 CMS students who scored cent percent at IBT
(International Benchmark Test) Conducted by
25 CMS Students qualified Common Law Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)
Admission Test (CLAT)
6 CMS students selected IAS (Indian
Administrative Service) & 3 CMS students selected
in PCS-J (Judicial Services) in 2019.
12 CMS students selected in the Kishor Vaigyanik
Protsahan Yojna Scholarship (KVPY) 2019 of Rs 37
Lakh @ (Rs 5,000/- per month + Rs 20,000/- yearly
grant for first 3 years and Rs 7,000/- per month + Rs
30,000/- yearly grant for the next 2 years). All 8
students are from Gomti Nagar Campus I and their
names are: Shubh Agarwal, Utkarsh Gupta, Amol
Mishra, Anshuman Singh, Divyansh Singh, Madhur
Kumar, Anubhav Shukla and Anesh Srivastava. Quality with
large quantity
www.cmseducation.org 35You can also read
