Pulse Disease Guide 2020 - Joshua Fanning, April 2020 - Agriculture Victoria
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Pulse Disease Guide 2020
Joshua Fanning, April 2020
A new pulse disease rating system has been implemented in There were continuing reports of increased ascochyta blight
2020. Disease rating definitions were revised and standardised infection in resistant bean lines such as PBA Samira, during 2019.
nationally (see back page). Some disease ratings changed to All ascochyta samples thought to come from PBA Samira, did not
reflect these definitions. Always consult a current disease guide for infect PBA Samira grown from a pure seed source indicating
the latest ratings and definitions to plan disease management. outcrossing in the field.
Season summary 2019: A dry spring meant diseases in pulses To reduce outcrossing between varieties and erosion of disease
were generally of minor importance during 2019 in Victoria. resistance, plant seed multiplication areas away from other faba
However, there were widespread reports of significant crop losses bean crops.
due to bacterial blight in field peas and Sclerotinia white mould was If you notice high levels of disease, please submit samples to
identified in both lentil and chickpea crops across the Mallee. Agriculture Victoria (details on back page) who are monitoring the
Soil-borne diseases affected many paddocks across Victoria. An situation.
ongoing survey of pulse crops identified several pathogens (e.g. Field peas: There are rating changes for bacterial blight. PBA
Phoma pinodella, Pythium, Macrophomina phaseolina, rhizoctonia Percy is the least susceptible cultivar available. Bacterial blight, a
and root lesion nematodes) in affected crops. Further work is widespread disease of field pea, is more damaging in regions prone
required to determine the importance of each pathogen in pulse to frost. There are no in-crop control options for bacterial blight.
crops to enable control measures to be investigated. To reduce disease impacts, avoid paddocks with pea stubble,
Implications for 2020: A proactive disease management select a less susceptible cultivar, and in areas with a high frost risk,
strategy will reduce the risk of pulse diseases causing yield losses it may be best to avoid field pea.
during 2020. Due to the high risk posed by stubble borne diseases Vetch: Botrytis grey mould and ascochyta blight are the main
growers should not double crop paddocks with pulses. causes of yield losses in vetch. Both diseases can be managed with
Sclerotinia white mould affects multiple crops, so where this careful monitoring and strategic fungicide applications.
disease was identified during 2019 use rotational crops, such as Lupins: Sclerotinia was the main disease detected in lupins during
cereals to provide a disease break. 2019. It is recommended to avoid growing lupins in rotation with
Chickpeas: Ascochyta blight was widespread at low levels in crops canola to avoid Sclerotinia.
during 2019. To prevent seed transmission of ascochyta blight, If you see something different, or high levels of disease
seed should be treated with a thiram-based fungicide. Growers please send a sample to Agriculture Victoria or request a sampling
should observe a minimum three-year break between chickpea kit by emailing croppathology.horsham@agriculture.vic.gov.au.
crops and avoid sowing into paddocks adjacent to last year’s
stubble. If you suspect an exotic pest or disease contact CropSafe or the
Emergency Plant Pest Hotline. Details on back page.
PBA Royal, a newly released kabuli chickpea variety, is rated MS to
ascochyta blight, similar to Genesis 090. It has other agronomic Crop protection products: There are often changes to permits
benefits including a more stable seed size. for the use of fungicides in pulse crops. See Pulse Australia’s
website (www.pulseaus.com.au) for current information on Crop
Lentils: There are now two pathotypes of lentil ascochyta. Both Protection Products.
have been detected in Victoria, so the most susceptible rating is
documented in the ratings tables. Fungicide resistance is being reported frequently in cereals and
could occur in pulses. Fungicide resistance is more likely to develop
With the arrival of this new pathotype in Victoria the disease in situation where growers become over reliant on chemicals for
ratings of PBA Hurricane XT and PBA Hallmark XT have been disease control. Industry wide adoption of the following strategies
reduced to MRMS, and in-crop monitoring for disease development can help protect the longevity of currently effective fungicides:
will be required. There is no change in the ratings of PBA Jumbo2
and PBA Highland which remain at R and MR, respectively. • Use a range of control strategies to minimise disease
development such as avoiding growing highly susceptible
Beans: There have been no changes to the faba bean ratings. cultivars and rotating crops to avoid planting into
Pathotype 1 and 2 of ascochyta blight in faba beans are both paddocks with disease present (i.e. infected stubbles);
widespread in Victoria. Therefore, the most susceptible rating of • Use seed treatments to suppress early disease
the two pathotypes is provided in the Disease Table. development;
PBA Amberley, released during 2019, is rated RMR to ascochyta • Avoid unnecessary fungicide use;
blight and MR (provisional) to chocolate spot. This provides an • Use fungicide mixtures formulated with more than one
overall improvement in disease resistance for faba beans. mode of action; and
• Adhere to label recommendations.
Bean Disease Reactions 2020
Root lesion nematode
Chocolate spot
Variety Ascochyta blight* Cercospora Rust# (Pratylenchus)
(Botrytis)
P. neglectus P. thornei
Broad bean
Aquadulce* MS MS S MR MR MS
PBA Kareema* MR MS S MRMS - -
Faba bean
PBA Amberley RMR MRp S S MR MSp
Farah S S S S MR MS
Fiesta VF S S S S MR MS
Nura RMR MS S MS MR MS
PBA Bendoc MR MS S S MR MRMSp
PBA Marne MRMS S S MR MR MSp
PBA Rana MRMS MS S MS MR MS
PBA Samira RMR MS S MS MR MRMS
PBA Zahra MRMS MS S MS MR MS
Chickpea Disease Reactions 2020 Lentil Disease Reactions 2020
Phytophthora Root lesion nematode Ascochyta Botrytis Root lesion nematode
Ascochyta blight
root rot (Pratylenchus) Variety blight (foliar grey (Pratylenchus)
Variety
(Phytophthora rating) mould
Foliage Pod P. neglectus P. thornei P. neglectus P. thornei
medicaginis)#
Desi Small red seed
Ambar VS S S MRMS MS Nipper MRMS RMR RMR MR
Neelam VS S S MRMS MS PBA Hurricane XT MRMS MRMS MRMS MRMS
PBA Maiden VS S S MRMS MRMS Medium red seed
PBA Slasher VS S S MRMS MRMS Nugget* MRMS MRMS MRMS MRMS
PBA Striker VS S S MRMS MRMS PBA Ace R MRMS MR MRMS
Kabuli PBA Blitz MRMS MR MR MRMS
Almaz VS S S MRMS S PBA Bolt MRMS S MR MR
Genesis 090 VS MS S MRMS MS PBA Flash* MS MRMS MR MRMS
Genesis Kalkee VS MS S MRMS MS PBA Hallmark XT MRMS RMR MRp MRMSp
PBA Monarch VS S S MRMS MS PBA Highland XT MR MRMS MRp MRMSp
PBA Royal VS MS S MR MSp Large red seed
PBA Jumbo* MRMS MS MR MRMS
All data except breeder data (#) and non-NVT varieties (*) comes from the new NVT system. PBA Jumbo2 R RMR MR MRMS
#Breeder data is used for the following chickpea and faba bean diseases: Phytophthora root rot (P. Medium green lentil
medicaginis) and Rust PBA Greenfield* MRMS MR MR MR
*Indicates that data from before the new NVT system. In this case a R resistance rating may require a Large green lentil
fungicide application under severe disease pressure to prevent yield loss in addition to seed staining. Boomer* MR MRMS MR MR
p= These ratings are provisional.
PBA Giant* MR MS MR MRMS
R = Resistant; RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant; MR = Moderately resistant; MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible; MS = Moderately susceptible; MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible;
S = Susceptible; SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible; VS = Very susceptibleField Pea Disease Reactions 2020
Pea seed-borne Bean leaf roll virus Root lesion nematode
Blackspot Powdery (Pratylenchus)
Variety Bacterial blight Downy mildew mosaic virus (field rating)
(Ascochyta) mildew
(PSbMV)# (BLRV)# P. neglectus P. thornei
Yellow pea grain type
PBA Hayman* MS - - R - - - -
PBA Pearl MS MS S S S R MR MRMS
Sturt MS S S S S S MR MR
Kaspa grain type
Kaspa MS S S S S S MR MRMS
PBA Butler MS MS S S S S MR MRMS
PBA Gunyah MS S S S S S MR MRMS
PBA Twilight MS S S S S - MR MRMS
PBA Wharton MS S S R R R MR MRMS
Australian Dun grain type
Morgan* MS S S S S S RMR MR
Parafield* MS S S S S - MRMS MR
PBA Coogee* MS S - R - - MRMS MR
PBA Oura MS MS S S S R MR MRMS
PBA Percy MS MRMS S S S S MR RMR
Vetch Disease Reactions 2020#
Lupin Disease Reactions 2020 (provided by Stuart Nagel, vetch breeder, SARDI)
Cucumber mosaic virus Phomopsis Chocolate
Brown Pleiochaeta
Variety (CMV) Anthracnose Variety Rust Ascochyta spot
leaf spot root rot Stem Pod/Seed
(seed transmitted)*a (Botrytis)
Albus lupin Common vetch
Luxor* MR R Immune VS MR S Blanchefleur VS MS S
Murringo* MR MR Immune VS MS S Cummins VS MS S
Narrow leaf Morava R S VS
Jenabillup MRMS MRMSp MRMS MS MS MR Rasina R MS S
Jindalee MS MRMSp MS MS RMR RMR Timok R MS S
Mandelup MS MRMSp MS MR RMR MRMS Volga R MS S
PBA Barlock MS MRMSp MR RMR MR MR Purple vetch
PBA Bateman MS MRMSp MR MRMS RMR MS Popany R S VS
PBA Gunyidi MS MRMSp MS MR RMR MRMS Woolly pod vetches
PBA Jurien MS MRp MS RMR RMR MRMS Capello R S VS
Wonga MS MRMSp R RMR MR MR Haymaker R S VS
RM4 R MR VS
All data except breeder data (#) and non-NVT varieties (*) comes from the New NVT system. #Vetch is not included in the NVT, hence all ratings are
#
Breeder data is used for the following diseases; Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus (PSbMV), Bean leaf roll virus (field rating) based on breeder data.
*Indicates that data from before the new NVT system. In this case a R resistance rating may require a fungicide application under severe
disease pressure to prevent yield loss in addition to seed staining.
a= These ratings are the 2019 ratings.
p= These ratings are provisional.
R = Resistant; RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant; MR = Moderately resistant; MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible; MS = Moderately susceptible; MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible;
S = Susceptible; SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible; VS = Very susceptibleIntegrated Disease Management: Adopting integrated Further Information
disease management strategies will reduce the risk of disease in Detailed information on each of the pulse diseases can be
obtained from:
2020. These strategies incorporate sowing healthy vigorous
Agriculture Victoria AgNotes
seed, variety selection (i.e. choosing more resistant varieties
Pulse Australia
where possible), using seed dressings, appropriate paddock Victorian Crop Sowing Guide
selection and active crop monitoring for diseases and insect www.grdc.com.au/ManagingFrostRisk
vectors to inform timely foliar fungicide and/or insecticide
application. Interpreting Resistance Classifications
Seed quality: Testing seed for germination, vigour and seed-
Below is an explanation of the resistance ratings used in this
borne diseases before sowing is important to ensure good
guide for foliar diseases, and how they should be interpreted.
establishment. Infected seed may be smaller, shrivelled or R Resistant - No symptoms visible. No fungicides are
discoloured, depending on the level of infection. In some required.
situations, seed infection may not be obvious with testing RMR Resistant to Moderately Resistant - The disease may
required by specialist laboratories (see list below). be visible but will not cause significant plant damage
or loss. However, under extreme disease pressure or
Fungicides: Seed treatments are a cheap and effective means highly favourable environments conditions fungicide
of suppressing many fungal diseases. However, fungicide seed applications may be required e.g. to prevent seed
treatments do not combine well with rhizobium used for staining.
inoculation. Read labels for compatibilities. Seed should be MR Moderately Resistant - The disease may be visible but
will not cause significant plant damage or loss.
treated first with fungicide and then, in a separate operation,
However, under high disease pressure or highly
inoculated with rhizobium. Granular inoculants provide the favourable environments conditions fungicide
opportunity to separate the rhizobium from fungicides. applications may be required e.g. to prevent seed
staining.
Foliar fungicides are an important part of the integrated MRMS Moderately Resistant to Moderately Susceptible - The
management of pulse diseases. Although many pulse varieties disease symptoms are moderate and may cause some
are considered resistant to diseases, they may still require a foliar yield and/or seed quality losses in conducive
fungicide application at podding. This will reduce seed infection conditions. Fungicide applications, if applicable, may
and prevent yield and quality loss (e.g. ascochyta blight in be required to prevent yield loss and seed staining.
chickpeas). See Pulse Australia’s information note Pulse Seed MS Moderately Susceptible - Disease symptoms are
moderate to severe and will cause significant yield and
Treatments and Foliar Fungicides.
seed quality loss in the absence of fungicides in
Blackspot Manager is a tool to predict the risk of blackspot conducive seasons, but not complete crop loss.
S Susceptible - The disease is severe and will cause
infection in field peas. To subscribe to this free service, text
significant yield and seed quality loss, including
‘blackspot’, your name and nearest weather station to 0475 959 complete crop loss in the absence of fungicides, in
932 or email Blackspot.Manager@agric.wa.gov.au. conducive conditions.
VS Very Susceptible - Growing this variety in areas where
Pulse Pathology (Agriculture Victoria)
a disease is likely to be present is very high risk.
Croppathology.horsham@agriculture.vic.gov.au Significant yield and seed quality losses, including
Joshua.fanning@agriculture.vic.gov.au complete crop loss can be expected without control
Ph: 03 4344 3111 and the increase in inoculum may create problems for
Private Bag 260 Horsham, Vic 3401 other growers.
Seed Testing Laboratories Below is an explanation of the resistance ratings used in this
Crop Health Services, Agriculture Victoria, Tel. (03) 9032 7515 guide for nematodes, and how they should be interpreted.
R Resistant, nematode numbers will decrease when this
DDLS Specimen Reception, DPIRD, Tel. (08) 9368 3351,
variety is grown.
DDLS@dpird.wa.gov.au
MR Moderately Resistant, nematode numbers will slightly
decrease when this variety is grown.
CropSafe
MS Moderately Susceptible, nematode numbers will
Crop.safe@agriculture.vic.gov.au
slightly increase when this variety is grown.
Ph: 03 4344 3111
S Susceptible, nematode numbers will increase greatly in
Private Bag 260 Horsham, Vic 3401
the presence of this variety.
Exotic plant pest hotline: 1800 084 881
VS Very Susceptible, a large increase in nematode
Acknowledgements numbers can occur when this variety is grown and this
Most disease ratings for pulse crops are provided by GRDC under the will cause problems to a following intolerant crop.
National Variety Trial program. Other ratings come from breeding
programs and are noted. Vetch disease ratings are provided by
Stuart Nagel (SARDI). This guide was prepared with assistance Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria
and its employees do not guarantee that it is without flaw of any kind or is wholly
from Grant Hollaway, Luise Fanning, and Jason Brand appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any
(Agriculture Victoria, Horsham). Last updated 2 April 2020 error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any
Contact/Services available from DJPR Field Crops Pathology, information in this publication.
Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham 3400. Tel (03) 4344 Published by the Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, February 2020
3111, or the DJPR Customer Service Centre 136 186 Spring Street Melbourne Victoria 3000 Telephone (03) 9208 3333
© Copyright State of Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions 2020
Accessibility: If you would like to receive this publication in an
Except for any logos, emblems, trademarks, artwork and photography this
alternative format, please telephone the Customer Service Centre 136 186, document is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com.au. This 3.0 Australia license. To view a copy of this licence, visit
document is also available at www.agriculture.vic.gov.au http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en This document is also
available at Agriculture.vic.gov.au/agricultureYou can also read
