SPRAY SCHEDULE 2019/2020 - NEW ZEALAND WINEGROWERS VINEYARD
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
NEW ZEALAND WINEGROWERS VINEYARD
SPRAY SCHEDULE
2019/2020
2TABLE OF CONTENTS For further information contact:
Justine Tate
Business Manager Sustainable Winegrowing NZ
SECTION 1: GENERAL 2
Blenheim
SUSTAINABLE WINEGROWING NEW ZEALAND 2
Phone: 03 577 2379
HOW TO USE THIS SCHEDULE 2 Email: justine.tate@swnz.org.nz
EXPLAINED: MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMIT,
PRE-HARVEST INTERVAL, WITHHOLDING
DISCLAIMER
PERIOD AND GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE 3
While care has been used in compiling this Schedule
OFF-LABEL PRODUCT USE 3
neither New Zealand Winegrowers Inc. nor Fantail
RESIDUES AND YOUR OBLIGATIONS 3 Viticulture (a division of Artisan Organics Ltd) give
any prediction, warranty or assurance in relation to
NZW VINEYARD SPRAY SCHEDULE UPDATES the accuracy of or fitness for any particular purpose,
AND ADVISORIES 3 use or application of any information contained in this
document. To the full extent permitted by law neither
ALKYPHENOL ETHOXYLATES (APEs) 4
New Zealand Winegrowers Inc. nor Fantail Viticulture,
GENERIC PRODUCTS 4 nor any of their employees, shall be liable for any cost
(including legal costs), claim, liability, loss, damage,
HERBICIDES 4 injury or the like, which may be suffered or incurred as a
direct or indirect result of the reliance by any person on
ORGANICS 4
any information contained in this document.
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT 4
Compiled for New Zealand Winegrowers by Fantail
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 5 Viticulture, July 2019.
SAFE USE OF AGRICHEMICALS 5
EFFECTIVE AGRICHEMICAL APPLICATION 6
SHEEP IN VINEYARDS 6
PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS 6
SECTION 2:
PRODUCT INCLUSION PROCESS 12
SECTION 3: FLOWCHARTS 13
GROWER FLOWCHART 13
WINERY FLOWCHART 14
SECTION 4: TABLES 15
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TABLE 15
FLAGGED PRODUCTS TABLE 16
PHI TABLE 18
PPM TABLE 34
SECTION 5: MODIFIED E-L SYSTEM 42
SECTION 6: GLOSSARY 43
SECTION 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 45
3
Cover photo: Misha’s Vineyard, Central Otago TABLE OF CONTENTS 17.0. Know conditions favour infection).
MANAGEMENT bunch architecture and the resulting
entry to the vineyard. If entry is made inside this period, the pH of your spray water. If the pH is alkaline, check
3 COVERAGE: Coverage of the susceptible plant part is (CONT) thickening of the berry skins reduces
the PPE required for application must be worn. All REIs with your spray representative and adjust water pH as
both targeted and thorough. the severity (total infection) of
are listed in the PHI table with the minimum REI being, required.
botrytis.
When Fully Dry (WFD). 4 DOSE: An effective dose as specified on the label is
•• Use trash blowers or similar to dry fruit
•• The WFD REI applies to every agrichemical applied to applied according to the three conditions above.
and bunch line immediately after rain
your vineyard unless a longer REI is listed here or on the SHEEP IN VINEYARDS The following sets out the key control measures for the from E-L 25 onwards and particularly
label. This REI must be observed by all SWNZ members. after E-L 29.
When sheep or any livestock graze in vineyards they significant pests and diseases in New Zealand vineyards.
•• There are no conditions of entry after the spray is Growth stages are described using the modified Eichhorn- •• Bunch thin from E-L 29-32. Reduce
consume agrichemical residues via grape leaves, sward
fully dry. However, managers have obligations under Lorenz (EL) system (see Section 5 on page 42). congestion with particular attention to
and soil. Sheep slaughter WHPs have been established to
the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 and should bunch on bunch and bunch on post.
ensure that sheep meat, or other livestock meat is residue
be aware that some employees may have an adverse BOTRYTIS
free at the time of consumption. •• Prune to balance vine potential.
reaction to agrichemicals. Take reasonable precautions
Botrytis cannot be eliminated or cured. Control measures Excessive crop load means longer
when returning employees to a vineyard after all A sheep slaughter WHP is the minimum interval between
can only reduce incidence and severity. hang time and higher botrytis risk.
agrichemical sprays. removal of sheep from the vineyard and slaughter for
•• Leave a 10cm gap between canes and
•• HEALTH MONITORING: For some products such as consumption. The minimum sheep slaughter WHP for all Botrytis with economic consequences
IDENTIFICATION at posts.
organophosphates, members must monitor the health products listed in the schedule can be found in the PHI may infect almost all soft tissue of grape
table. •• Ensure no more than 6 spurs/m and
of personnel who apply these agrichemicals. For vines any time in the growing season.
evenly spaced spurs on spur pruned
information about setting up a monitoring regime see
If you spray a product and subsequently graze sheep in Fruit Botrytis: Infected white grapes turn vines.
https://worksafe.govt.nz/topic-and-industry/work-
that vineyard within that season (whether the sheep were brown and black grapes become reddish.
related-health/monitoring/health-monitoring-fs/ or •• Manage soil nitrogen carefully. Apply
present during spraying or not), you MUST observe the Under humid conditions a brownish
www.worksafe.govt.nz. little and often on low vigour sites. Do
WHP from the time the sheep leave the vineyard. grey mould appears on the surface of
not use on high vigour sites.
•• NOTIFICATIONS: Check the SDS to determine if berries, or a mycelial mat develops under
notifications are required when planning applications. Where the WHP is listed as Do Not Graze (DNG), any •• Manage irrigation prudently.
the berry skin. When squeezed lightly
livestock that graze a treated area MUST NEVER be
the entire skin detaches from the berry All botryticides work primarily as
consumed. This restriction is permanent and applies to CHEMICAL
(‘slip skin’). Under dry conditions the protectants, so apply before predicted
every season subsequent to the application, unless the MANAGEMENT
EFFECTIVE AGRICHEMICAL APPLICATION mould may not appear. The berries then infection periods or before rain during
soil has been residue tested and shown to be free of
desiccate and form raisins. susceptible growth stages if prediction
Make sure you take these steps first to get the best results contamination.
LIFE CYCLE As little as 4-5 days from infection to models are not available.
from agrichemical application. They are simple but often
Tell the sheep owner the applicable sheep slaughter WHP sporulation or as long as 4-5 months if
overlooked: when sheep leave your vineyard. E-L 19-25 and E-L 31-32 are the most
infection occurs in immature fruit and
•• Ensure spray equipment is suitably calibrated. important growth stages for chemical
remains latent until maturity.
management. There are many fungicides
•• Check that water and product rates being applied
SUSCEPTIBLE E-L 23-27 and E-L 36-38. These are registered for botrytis. Fungicides in
correspond to the manufacturer’s specifications and PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL GROWTH STAGE the growth stages most susceptible groups 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 12, 17, and 29 must not
good industry practice. FUNDAMENTALS to infection. be used on existing infection as this will
•• Park the sprayer in each target canopy and adjust ultimately lead to the development of
There will always be populations of pests and diseases CONDITIONS Either free water or humidity above
nozzle angles to reliably hit the target with minimal resistance.
associated with your region in your vineyard. It just FAVOURING 90% for 15 hours. The spores are always
overspray.
takes the right environmental conditions at susceptible DEVELOPMENT present in the environment and can infect
New infection that occurs after E-L 35
•• Confirm coverage – especially on bunches prior to crop growth stages for them to reach thresholds that a vineyard whenever these conditions
is extremely difficult to control with
critical flowering and pre bunch closure fungicide compromise quality and yield. exist. Refer to the Botrytis decision
fungicides under even moderate infection
applications. Water sensitive papers and ‘Surround’ are support model on the NZW website.
The essence of managing pests and diseases is to pressure. When infection conditions exist
very useful coverage indicators.
recognise the environmental conditions that favour Manage the canopy to maximize light and active botrytis is present after E-L 35,
CULTURAL
•• Manage canopy density and bunch exposure to development and the susceptible growth stage of the
MANAGEMENT penetration, minimize humidity and employ cultural control such as removing
maximise spray coverage and retention on the target. vine; and then act preventatively to interrupt the shorten drying time after rain: infected fruit.
•• Check that the timing of the application corresponds lifecycle of the pest or disease.
•• Shoot thin prior to flowering.
Botrytis that causes economic damage
with:
Even the most devastating pests and diseases can be •• Trash blow from E-L 25-27. infects within the inflorescence. This
o The life cycle of the pest, disease or weed.
controlled effectively when the following four conditions •• Leaf pluck from E-L 25-31. plant part is notoriously difficult to
o The prevailing weather conditions e.g. does the are fulfilled: cover effectively with spray so ensure
•• Machine shaking (also referred to as
product have sufficient persistence for anticipated the sprayer is well calibrated, use water
1 TIMING: Control measures are timed to start with the mechanical thinning) can be used
bad weather? sensitive papers to check the spray
commencement of an infection/infestation period. as a ‘heavy’ shake for crop reduction
•• If coverage appears compromised, consider increasing reaches the target and increase the
and floral trash removal, or a ‘light’
spray application volumes by changing speed and 2 INTERVAL: Control measures are sufficiently frequent water rate if in doubt. The addition of
shake just for floral trash removal.
sprayer set up. to interrupt the life cycle of the pest or disease (spray surfactants may improve deposition.
Shaking has consistently shown that
6 GENERAL GENERAL 72 mm destined for consumption following MOA Mode of Action: refers to the metabolic
Young berries growing diam.), bunch at right angles to stem Berry formation application. pathway that an agrichemical acts upon.
Bunch at right angles to stem Multi-site MOAs act on more than one
29 Berries pepper-corn size (4 mm diam.); DORMANT The period from the end of leaf fall (E-L 47)
bunches tending downwards until just before the first bud scale opens metabolic pathway, while single site MOA
31 Berries pea-size 31 Berries pea-size (7 mm diam.) (E-L 2). agrichemicals act upon only one metabolic
Bunches hanging down pathway and are therefore at greater risk of
32 Beginning of bunch closure, berries touching ERADICANT Chemicals that eradicate existing disease
resistance development.
(if bunches are tight) by various means, often through systemic
activity. MPI Ministry for Primary Industries. Responsible
33 Berries still hard and green
for setting New Zealand MRLs and advising
FRAC Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
34 Berries begin to soften; on international MRLs.
Sugar starts increasing (International fungicide resistance committee).
MRL Maximum Residue Limit. The legal maximum
Berry ripening
GAP Good Agricultural Practice in the use of
35 Veraison 35 Berries begin to colour and enlarge residue of an agrichemical. MRLs vary by
agrichemicals includes applications up
Berry softening continues 36 Berries with intermediate sugar values country and may be applied to either grapes
Berry colouring begins to the highest nationally authorised safe
or wine or both.
37 Berries not quite ripe use (that takes into account public and
38 Harvest 38 Berries harvest-ripe occupational health and environmental Many countries establish an agrichemical
Berries ripe 39 Berries over-ripe safety considerations) to achieve effective residue tolerance level for foods including
41 After harvest; cane maturation complete pest control, applied in a manner which wine grapes, and occasionally wine. This is
Senescence
leaves a residue which is the smallest amount called a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). It is
43 Beginning of leaf fall practicable (definition supplied courtesy of determined from spray use patterns, dietary
47 End of leaf fall MPI). For example if a product has a WHP and environmental issues in the country.
Figure 7.3 Modified E-L system for identifying major and intermediate grapevine growth stages (revised from Coombe 1995). Note
that not all varieties show a woolly bud or a green tip stage (May 2000) hence the five budburst stages in the modified original 1995
system
42 have been
MODIFIED E-L changed
SYSTEMslightly by removing stage 4 and allocating the definition of budburst to what was formerly stage 5. GLOSSARY 43
Revised version of “Grapevine growth stages – The modified E-L system” Viticulture 1 – Resources. 2nd edition 2004. Eds. Dry, P. and Coombe, B.
(Winetitles) 1531 nzwine.com
You can also read
