TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020

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TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
TALLINN
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN 2014–2020
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
Tallinn
Development Plan
2014–2020
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
Contents
Adopted by Tallinn City Council regulation no. 29   1.       Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
from June 13 2013.                                  2.       Central strategic development trends, related tasks and solutions.......................................................................... 7
                                                             2.1 Population development........................................................................................................................................... 8
                                                             Needs and their fulfilment options................................................................................................................................... 9
                                                             2.2 Economic development............................................................................................................................................. 10
                                                             Needs and possibilities for their fulfilment..................................................................................................................... 15
                                                             Investment projects planned with external funding.................................................................................................... 18
                                                             2.3 Socio-cultural development .................................................................................................................................... 19
                                                             Needs and their fulfilment option..................................................................................................................................... 20
                                                             Investment projects planned with external funding.................................................................................................... 23
                                                    3.       Development vision for Tallinn........................................................................................................................................... 24
                                                    4.       Development principles of Tallinn . ................................................................................................................................... 26
                                                    5.       Development model for Tallinn.......................................................................................................................................... 28
                                                             Action plan of the development plan................................................................................................................................ 35
                                                    6.       Main risks associated with the implementation of the main objectives of the development plan
                                                             and the options for their mitigation.................................................................................................................................. 74
                                                    7.       Updating the development plan........................................................................................................................................ 78
                                                    8.       Financial obligations exceeding the duration of the development plan................................................................. 80
                                                             References................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
                                                             Annex 1. The most important projects of 2013 by fields............................................................................................. 84

                                                    Figure 1. Development model for Tallinn.................................................................................................................................... 5
                                                    Figure 2. Central strategic development trends and solutions............................................................................................. 8
                                                    Figure 3. Natural growth of the population of Tallinn, 2008-2011...................................................................................... 9
                                                    Figure 4. The age and sex distribution of the population of Tallinn in 2013..................................................................... 9
                                                    Figure 5. The number of economically active enterprises in Tallinn, 2008–2012............................................................ 11
                                                    Figure 6. The employment status dynamics among 15–74-year-olds in Tallinn.............................................................. 11
                                                    Figure 7. Employed persons by industry, 2008–2012.............................................................................................................. 12
                                                    Figure 8. The average monthly gross wages in 2008–2011................................................................................................... 12
                                                    Figure 9. The number of authorised dwellings, 2008–2012.................................................................................................. 13
                                                    Figure 10. The number of authorised dwellings in Tallinn, 2008–2012.............................................................................. 13
                                                    Figure 11. Real estate prices and gross wages in euros in Tallinn, 2008–2011................................................................. 14
                                                    Figure 12. The main way of going to work.................................................................................................................................. 14
                                                    Figure 13. Number or trips with the public transportation of Tallinn, 2008–2011......................................................... 15
                                                    Figure 14. Light traffic routes in Tallinn....................................................................................................................................... 16
                                                    Figure 15. The proportion of people associated with Tallinn................................................................................................. 19
                                                    Figure 16. Social benefits dependent and independent of family income (millions of euros), 2005–2012.............. 20
                                                    Figure 17. Tallinners' self-assessment of their health status, 2008–2012......................................................................... 20
                                                    Figure 18. Tallinners' aspects of life and corresponding areas of development............................................................... 29
                                                    Figure 19. Development targets.................................................................................................................................................... 30
                                                    Figure 20. Prospective railway corridors...................................................................................................................................... 32
                                                    Figure 21. Prospective main streets.............................................................................................................................................. 33
                                                    Figure 22. Bicycle lanes in Tallinn.................................................................................................................................................. 34

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
1. Introduction
                                                                                                                                               ment principles for Tallinn, and the action plan. The         Figure 1. Development model for Tallinn
                                                                                                                                               action plan contains six main objectives, sub-
                                                                                                                                               objectives, measures for achieving them, perfor-
                                                                                                                                               mance indicators, and a list of activities for 2014-           Central developments                      Development vision
                                                                                                                                               2017. A separate part of the development plan shall            and challenges                                for Tallinn
                                                                                                                                               present risks related to the achievement of the                • population development
                                                                                                                                               objectives and the options for their mitigation. The           • economic development
                                                                                                                                               work ends with a list of sources used for the prepa-           • socio-cultural development

    The Local Government Organisation Act is the legal basis              The central objective of the updated development plan shall          ration of this development plan.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Development strategy
    for the preparation of the Development Plan for Tallinn,              be a Tallinn that is socially safe and has a clean living environ-   The relationships between the Tallinn Develop-                 Conclusions of the developments
    pursuant to subsection 37 (1) of which every local govern-            ment. Among other things, it shall provide for measures to           ment Plan for 2014-2020 and other central devel-               in the context of the
    ment shall have a development plan.                                   boost employment in the short term, in the phase of managing         opment documents, and the legal binding between                development strategy
                                                                          the consequences of the financial crisis, and in the long term.      the parts of the development plan, have been
    The Tallinn Development Plan has been prepared for the
    period of 2014−2020. The action plan of the development               In addition to focusing on the capital, the revision of the          summarised in Figure 1.                                            Development plan                      Budget strategy for Tallinn
    plan has been prepared until 2017. The development plan is            action plan of Tallinn has also taken into account other                                                                                Main objectives
                                                                                                                                               The development plan lists the following urban
    based on the objectives of the Tallinn Development Plan for           trends in the urban region because several solutions for the                                                                            Secondary objectives
                                                                                                                                               development priorities by main objectives:
    2009-2027 (Regulation No. 129). The main objectives of the            future of Tallinn can only thrive thanks to the cooperation                                                                             Measure
    development plan shall be based on and specify the objec-             with neighbouring municipalities and joint investments in            1) The main priority of the business, tourism and                  Actions
    tives stated in the development strategy of Tallinn titled            the social and technical infrastructure. The harmonious              employment fields is the creation of a favourable
    “Tallinn 2030”. Furthermore, the Tallinn sectoral and city            politics of Tallinn and the municipalities of the capital city       growth environment for start-ups and creative                          opment program for municipal preschool institutions,
    district development plans, the main views of the Tallinn             region, as well as the government, help to perform more              enterprises. It is also important to support the internation-          2013-2021, "A nursery school place for every child". The plan
    budget strategy and the comprehensive plan for Tallinn have           successfully the tasks of the development plan, which is             alisation of companies. In the short term, it is important to          is to create more than 600 nursery school places per year,
    been taken into account. The recommendations from the                 aimed ultimately at ensuring the welfare of the residents            maintain the labour resources and to flexibly implement                amounting to 26 300 places by the end of the period. The
    strategic environmental assessment report of the develop-             of the centre of the county and the capital of Estonia and           Tallinn’s support programs for the city’s residents and entre-         Koidula St. 23 building is converted into a nursery school.
    ment strategy shall be taken into account during the imple-           at increasing the global competitiveness of the city.                preneurs. The expansion of the Lasnamäe Industrial Park                The renovation of the following institutions is also planned:
    mentation of the objectives listed in the development plan.                                                                                and the completion of the Suur-Sõjamäe Industrial Park are             Tallinn Pääsküla Upper Secondary School, Tondi Basic School,
                                                                          It is therefore important that the state would support               among the most important projects. Also important is the
    The necessary resources for the implementation of the                 achieving the goals set in the development plan, such as by                                                                                 Õismäe Russian Lyceum, Tallinn French Lyceum's gymna-
                                                                                                                                               development of entrepreneurship-supporting structures,                 sium, Gustav Adolf Upper Secondary School's gymnasium
    development plan shall be proposed in the city's budget               co-financing objects of national importance.                         innovation of tourism services and the appreciation of
    strategy, and more specifically, provided in the city budget.                                                                                                                                                     and primary school building, renovation of the primary
                                                                          The development plan consists of an introduction, a short            entrepreneurship as a whole, which consists of promoting               school building of the Old Town Educational College, as well
    The city's budget strategy, which is linked to the development        description of the development tasks and options for Tallinn,        entrepreneurship, organising relevant events and support-              as completion of the reconstruction of Tallinn nursery
    plan, serves as the basis for the preparation of the city’s budget,   a formulation of the principles of the vision and manage-            ing the carrying out of these events. It is important to               school No. 26 (Kiisa St. 6), construction of the Pirita-Kose
    making of investments and, if necessary, the taking of loans.                                                                              encourage cooperation between universities, institutions               and Veerise nursery schools, renovation of the Õismäe Rd.
                                                                                                                                               of professional higher education, vocational schools and               24 nursery school building, and renovation of the Tallinn
    The development plan provides an opportunity to deliber-                                                                                   enterprises. The main activity to ensure employment                    Mardi nursery school. The activities of the "Peace in the
    ately involve the potential of the state, the European Union,                                                                              growth is the advancement of skills and knowledge and the              Community" programme shall be continued to bring differ-
    the private sector and the non-profit sector in the develop-                                                                               lowering of barriers to entry into the labour market.                  ent ethnic groups closer together and increase mutual trust.
    ment of Tallinn.                                                                                                                                                                                                  In the youth work field, development of mobile and virtual
                                                                                                                                               2) The development of education and youth work fields is
                                                                                                                                               based on the development of the network of general educa-              services, along with services targeting unemployed young-
                                                                                                                                               tion schools, and also in the future on the close-to-home              sters are under development, with an emphasis being
                                                                                                                                               principle, according to which the aim is to guarantee every            placed on the improvement of youth workers' professional
                                                                                                                                               child the possibility to attend a school near their home.              qualifications and the recognition of their work.
                                                                                                                                               Access to general secondary education is ensured for those             3) In the cultural field, the main objective is a national cul-
                                                                                                                                               who are interested. In vocational education, the range of              ture that is modern, evolving and inclusive of the younger
                                                                                                                                               disciplines necessary for the city is increased. In the field of       generation. In the inclusion of minorities and their partici-
                                                                                                                                               early childhood education, the most important is the devel-            pation in cultural life, the orientation of the activities of

4            TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                                                                                                   INTRO D U C TION             5
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
2. Central
    minorities towards the wider public and cooperation with          and turn former industrial sites into public spaces. In the
    other cultural groups is important. In addition to the devel-     transport field, the preferential development of public
    opment of a professional culture that is competitive in           transport is most important, including providing free public
    Europe, diverse opportunities for amateur cultural activities     transportation for residents of Tallinn, developing the con-

                                                                                                                                        strategic
    and support for the activities of citizen’s associations must     tactless ticket system and developing light traffic routes.
    be ensured. In the cultural heritage field it is important to     Priority infrastructure projects include the construction of
    value the historic cityscape of Tallinn, including the Old        the Haabersti intersection, construction of Põhjaväil and
    Town, which is included on UNESCO's list of World Heritage        developing the tramway system to Ülemiste and Lasnamäe.

                                                                                                                                        development
    Sites, as well as in the increasingly valued historic suburban    The Municipal Engineering Services Department's goal
    built-up areas of cultural and environmental value. Strategic     regarding the planning of road investments is the achieve-
    investment objects: Tallinn Song Festival Grounds, Russian        ment of the required level with major repairs and recon-
    Cultural Centre, Tallinn Linnahall, city walls and towers, the    struction, pursuant to Regulation No. 94 of the Tallinn City

                                                                                                                                        trends, related
    House of the Brotherhood of the Blackheads, the historic          Government, of 1 October 2003, titled “Approval of road and
    building complex of the City Theatre, Lasnamäe Orthodox           street repair standards of Tallinn”.
    Church, Mustamäe Lutheran Church, Tallinn Creative Hub,
    Tallinn Zoo, Salme Cultural Centre, departments of the Tal-       6) In the field of local government, the priority is the expan-

                                                                                                                                        tasks and
    linn Central Library and the Tallinn Russian Museum, and          sion of the conurbation-based development model. Coop-
    the monuments to Jaan Poska and Jüri Vilms.                       eration with the local governments of Harju County is
                                                                      increased in order to implement this, especially with the
    4) The priority of social protection, health and safety is the    neighbouring local governments of Tallinn. Cooperation

                                                                                                                                        solutions
    adjustment of the social benefit system to the economic           with Helsinki, Riga and St. Petersburg is important in
    circumstances, similarly to the already implemented first and     increasing the international competitiveness of the city. The
    second aid packages of Tallinn. Municipal construction is         share of e-services in the provision of public services is
    continued with the second housing programme, in order to          increased, in particular, frequently used services and ser-
    help young people in entering the city's labour market and        vices with a large user base are developed.
    in finding a home. To increase the efficacy of prevention work
    with risk groups, the number of child protection officials in     The objectives of the Tallinn Development Plan for 2014-
    districts will be increased, if necessary, and several new day    2020 are implemented by the Tallinn City Government,
    centres will be opened. To increase the volume of social ser-     agencies, city district governments and their agencies, city-
    vices, housing at the Iru nursing home will be expanded. In       owned businesses and cooperation partners. Since Tallinn's
    2014, reconstruction of the Tallinn Support Centre Juks           area of influence extends considerably beyond the admin-
    (Kadaka Rd. 153) will be completed, and the Tallinn Children’s    istrative border, cross-border cooperation must be improved
    Shelter and the Tallinn Family Centre will be reconstructed       in the implementation of the development plan, above all
    and expanded. In addition to supplementary pension pay-           in Harju County and with the capital region of
    ments, senior citizens will be given discounts on goods and       Finland – Uusimaa.
    services. To improve procedural acts, it is important that the    The development plan was changed in cooperation with
    remit of the Municipal Police be expanded.                        city officials, members of the City Council and stakeholders,
    5) In terms of urban space, the priority is the creation of a     and it took the submitted proposals into account. The
    high-quality urban space that supports an increase in             organisational activities were coordinated by the Tallinn
    population and the addition of jobs. In the development of        City Office. In the preparation of the development plan ideas
    the urban space, the objective is to receive the European         were used, which are presented in the documents shaping
    Green Capital title by 2018, thanks to the creation of an         the development of the city and in surveys – in the develop-
    integrated green network and the improvement of the               ment strategy, in the sectoral and district development
    quality of water and air. It is also important to make the city   plans and in the comprehensive plan of Tallinn.
    centre more compact, preferentially develop coastal areas

6            TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                  7
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
2. Central strategic development trends,                                                                                              The population of Tallinn is multi-eth-
                                                                                                                                          nic. Fifty-two per cent of the popula-
                                                                                                                                          tion are Estonians, 38% Russians, 10%
                                                                                                                                                                                             Figure 3. Natural growth of the population of Tallinn, 2008-2011

    related tasks and solutions                                                                                                           Ukrainians, Belarusians, Finns, Jews,
                                                                                                                                          Tatars and other nationalities. The per-
                                                                                                                                          centage of Estonians is greatest in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                  6000

                                                                                                                                                                                                  5000                 985                                  937
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1200

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1000

                                                                                                                                          city districts of Nõmme, Pirita, Kristiine              4000                                                                        761       800
                                                                                                                                          and the City Centre                                                                          786
                                                                                                                                                                                                  3000                                                                                  600
    The following section provides an                    Figure 2. Central strategic development trends and                               The population growth rate has
    overview of the most influential                                                                                                                                                              2000                                                                                  400
                                                         solutions                                                                        remained stable in Tallinn, mainly due
    trends influencing or having influ-                                                                                                   to the increase in the number of births                 1000                                                                                  200
    enced the development of the city.                                                                                                    (Figure 3). In 2011, 4986 babies were
    Central development trends, such as                                                          Strategic needs and                      born in Tallinn. According to the popu-                     0                                                                                 0
    population development, economic                                                                                                                                                                             2008             2009                   2010               2011
                                                             Population development              options:                                 lation projection for Tallinn for the
    development and socio-cultural                                                               • in the urban management                years 2011–2030, the birth rate in Tal-
    development are observed. Based on                                                                                                                                                                            live births          Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes”
                                                                                                   field                                  linn will rise to a relatively high level,                                                   (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
    the nature of the development trend,                                                         • in the entrepreneurship and            comparable to the birth rates of the
    the main development activities and                                                            employment fields                      Nordic countries.
    general solutions that would enable                      Economic development                • in the education and youth
                                                                                                   work fields                                                                               Figure 4. The age and sex distribution of the population of Tallinn
    the execution of tasks in the best pos-                                                                                               The influence of migration on the num-
                                                                                                 • in the culture and recreation                                                             in 2013
    sible way are highlighted, while keep-                                                                                                ber of residents and on the structure of
    ing the main objectives in mind.                                                               fields                                 population is primarily related to the
                                                             Socio-cultural development          • in the social and health care          settling of larger generations in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                   Men                                                                              Women
    2.1 Population                                                                                 fields
                                                                                                                                          capital, to study and work, during the
                                                                                                                                                                                                188 014
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              85+
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             80–84                                  231 816
    development                                                                                                                           1980s. The immigration of youth has                                                                75–79
                                                                                                                                          increased the percentage of younger                                                                70–74
    Tallinn is Estonia's most populous city.                                                                                              age groups in the population of the city                                                           65–69
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             60–64
    According to the Estonian Population                                                                                                  and has created a favourable basis for                                                             55–59
    Register, in April 2013, 425 249 people                                                                                               the growth of the birth rate and positive                                                          50–54
    lived in the capital, which is 31% of                                                                                                 population growth. In the near future                                                              45–49
    Estonia’s population. During 2008-                                                                                                    we must be ready for the beginning of                                                              40–44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             35–39
    2013, the population has shown an                                                                                                     the re-urbanisation process, due to the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             30–34
    upward trend in all city districts. The                                                                                               at times poor building quality of houses                                                           25–29
    population has grown the fastest in                                                                                                   in new settlements, the lack of availabil-                                                         20–24
    Pirita, the City Centre and Haabersti..                                                                                               ity of services and poor road conditions,                                                          15–19
                                                                                                                                          which have served to decrease the                                                                  10–14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5–9
                                                                                                                                          attractiveness of suburban living.                                                                  0–4
                                                                                                                                                                                                          20      15     10      5       0           0     5      10   15      20
    Population in Tallinn city districts in 2008–2013                                                                                     Age groups are undergoing significant
                                                                                                                                                                                                       thousands                                                       thousands
                                                                                                                                          changes during the period of this devel-
                                                                                                                           Change         opment plan. The change in Tallinn, as                        Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
                                                                                                                        2008–2013         a whole, arises from the fact that
                                2008           2009             2010       2011           2012        20131           (2008–100%)         between the large age groups of 0-4
     Tallinn                401 372         404 005           406 703    411 980      416 144       425 249                           6   and 20-34, there is a smaller group of 5-19-year-olds. Variabil-         future, emigration from Tallinn will be significantly lower
                                                                                                                                          ity is even greater in the city’s districts. This should be taken        than from the rest of Estonia. Whether or not the city's
     Haabersti                39 587         40 454            41 051     41 549       42 294        43 187                          10   into consideration when planning places in nursery schools               population will grow in the future depends on the attrac-
     City Centre              47 671         48 158            48 646     50 182       51 308        54 025                          13   and schools. For example, the number of 3-6-year-olds and                tiveness of the working and living environment. With that
     Kristiine                29 478         29 221            29 395     29 810       30 055        30 765                           4   especially the number of 7-14-year olds increases rapidly at             in mind, the city's population development prerequisites
                                                                                                                                          the beginning of the forecast period and then the increase               are presented below.
     Lasnamäe               112 001         113 332           114 258    115 654      116 273       117 514                           5   shifts to the upper secondary school level. Also, the number
     Mustamäe                 64 243         64 339            64 113     64 597       64 237        65 347                           2   of people retiring increases, but this increase is not so rapid.2        Needs and their fulfilment options

     Nõmme                    38 725         38 428            38 100     38 275       38 898        39 274                           1   Steady development and population regeneration are in the                Due to the need to preserve the population of Tallinn, it is
                                                                                                                                          interests of the development of Tallinn.                                 important to diversify the living environment of the city.
     Pirita                  14 039          14 595           15 135      15 567      16 636         17 243                          23
                                                                                                                                          An alternative to the Estonia-based migration is migration                    The improvement of residents' quality of life helps to ensure
     Põhja-Tallinn           55 628          55 478           56 005      56 346      56 443         57 894                           4
                                                                                                                                          between countries. Now, and probably also in the near                         the continued growth of Tallinn’s population. Above all, this
    Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                  as of 01.04.2013
                                                                                                                                          2
                                                                                                                                              Population projection for Tallinn (Tallinna rahvastikuprognoos) 2011–2030 (2011)

8              TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                                C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                          9
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
mean even greater focus on the diverse needs and desires                     centre region and develop new business quarters in other             Figure 5. The number of economically active enterprises in Tallinn, 2008–2012
     of the population – creating a better working and business                   districts, near main streets or roads. Since wealthier Tal-
     environment, a flexible housing policy that favours diversity,               linners often move to live in neighbouring rural municipali-
                                                                                                                                                      50000
     incl. increasing the municipal housing fund, higher quality                  ties, a dual approach is to be used in the development of
     and more diverse services and a citizen-friendly living                      culture in Tallinn. First of all, residents in the areas of urban   40000
     environment.                                                                 sprawl continue to be (potential) consumers of the cultural
                                                                                  and entertainment services offered in Tallinn, connecting           30000
     According to the population forecast for Tallinn, the percent-               the capital and the suburbs in a uniform conurbation. While         20000
     age of those 65 and older will increase from 17% in 2011 to                  rural municipalities are unable to compete with Tallinn in
     18% in 2020, and to 20% in 2030.3 This means that the                        terms of content and diversity, Tallinn’s competitive-weak-         10000
     number of taxpayers might decrease and economic pres-                        ness is the poorer availability of services for the residents
     sure on the city’s budget will inevitably increase. Therefore,                                                                                         0
                                                                                  of neighbouring municipalities. To make the services more
     it is imperative to improve the productivity of the people                                                                                                          2008               2009              2010               2011              2012
                                                                                  accessible logistically, the (public) transport and parking
     remaining in the labour market, in order to achieve the same                 possibilities must be improved, the urban space in the city                   Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
     or better standard of living. The prerequisite for this is                   centre concentrated, and the "Park and Ride" and joint ticket
     structural changes in business that aim to increase produc-                  system expanded. A local approach is more meaningful in
     tivity and achieve higher profits. The city's business policy                the organisation of amateur activities and public events:            Figure 6. The employment status dynamics among 15–74-year-olds in Tallinn
     must encourage such changes.                                                 residents should be able to participate in events and be
                                                                                  active as close to home as possible; this would also help to         250                                                                                                              unemployed
     The ageing of the population will result in an increase in
     the demand for welfare, medical and recreational services                    strengthen the local (district’s) identity.                          200                                                                                                              employed
     directed towards senior citizens, and will require the redi-                 The ethnic composition of the population and changes in              150
     recting of more resources to creating day-care centres,                      the organisation of education make the planning and
     nursing homes and active hobby activities for this age                       implementation of education policy much more compli-                 100
     group. The ever declining working-age population will need                   cated. In terms of the stable development of the network
     to support a growing dependent population group, which                                                                                                50
                                                                                  of educational and social institutions, the large size differ-
     also leads to the city having less money to invest in its own                ence between different age groups is problematic, such as                 0
     development. At the same time, developed countries –                         the size difference between the generation of the Singing                              2008              2009               2010               2011             2012
     where there is a similar trend taking place – may begin to                   Revolution (1980s) and the following generation of the
     even more intensively invite younger people from other                                                                                                     Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
                                                                                  1990s, as well as the nature of migration inside the conur-
     areas to live there, including from Estonia, and that would                  bation. These differences require the constant adaptation
     diminish the working age population even further.                            of the educational network to meet the changing needs.
                                                                                                                                                       are made in Tallinn and Harju County.4 The problems of foreign                   number of operating companies has increased in most areas
     The city’s network of child care institutions and schools                    The ethnic diversity of a city means that the city should be         investors in the Tallinn area began in 2007, in relation to labour               (except in administrative and support service activities).6
     must be constantly kept up to date. Since many people                        able to create conditions for the representatives of different       shortages and a considerably more rapid growth of cost levels
     working in Tallinn live in the neighbouring settlements, the                 ethnic nationalities to promote and consume their culture.           than planned, which all culminated in 2008 with the departure                    In 2011, the revenue of businesses in Tallinn (with more
     transport infrastructure must be conurbation-based. It is                    On the other hand, the multi-ethnic nature is a resource that        of several companies. Due to the economic and financial crisis,                  than 20 employees) accounted for EUR 15.103 billion, which
     therefore important to develop a unified public transport                    has yet to be effectively implemented in the cultural con-           the interest of foreign investors in investing in Estonia has                    was 56% of all sales revenue in Estonia. In 2011, the corpo-
     standard for the capital region’s local governments. Urban                   sumption and in the diversification of amateur opportunities         significantly decreased since 2008. Partial relief for the reduc-                rate EBIT was EUR 843 million.7 Since the majority of these
     development should create conditions that reduce the                         for city residents, and for the promotion of tourism. The            tion in the volume of foreign investments should be provided                     are small businesses, the flexible response to market signals
     transport burden, or at least halt its growth. There are two                 integration of ethnic groups must be a common theme run-             by the means of the European Union (EU) Structural Funds, in                     is a competitive business advantage.
     available options. Firstly, the development of high-quality                  ning through the educational, cultural, and social services.         particular to the public sector (and via orders also to the private
     and child-friendly residential areas near the business dis-                                                                                                                                                                        Due to emigration and competition with higher-salary
                                                                                                                                                       sector), but also to businesses and to the non-profit sector. The                countries, businesses are finding it difficult to locate skilled
     tricts of the city centre enables work and everyday life to be               2.2 Economic development                                             introduction of the euro is expected to increase the interest of                 workers and engineering and technical personnel. Also,
     blended in a smaller unit of space, maintain a skilled profes-                                                                                    foreign investors
     sional workforce and stop the resettlement of young people                   Tallinn's share of the country's gross domestic product has                                                                                           most of the emigrants are 20–29 year-olds.8 The existing
     in the suburbs of Tallinn. Among other things, opportunities                 grown, with nearly 49% of Estonia's GDP now produced in              In 2012, according to Statistics Estonia, there were 45 787                      workforce that was freed during the financial crisis is best
     must be created in the various areas of Tallinn for the con-                 Tallinn. GDP per capita in Harju County is higher compared           economically active enterprises in Tallinn, which is 3014                        suited for the development of the service sector. In the
     struction of family, semi-detached and terraced homes, to                    to the other Baltic capitals, but remains well below the level       more than in 2011.5                                                              labour market there are many half-educated young people
     offer the opportunity of creating a home in the city for those               of the Nordic metropolitan regions. Rapid growth has been                                                                                             and people without a proper professional education or
     who prefer a more private environment. A contribution                        followed by a sharp decline since 2008, and stabilisation            Wholesale and retail businesses (21%) dominate in the                            people without retraining, who are working in jobs for
     should also be made to increasing the high-quality concen-                   and slight growth in 2010 and 2011.                                  business structure. These are followed by professional,                          which they are unsuited. In business services (information
     tration of urban space in the city centre and in the interme-                                                                                     scientific and technical and construction businesses (in                         and communication technology (ICT), data processing,
     diate zones between large apartment building districts. To                   Important engines of economic development have been                  2011, respectively 16.5% and 8.4%). Compared to 2010, the                        design), the good language skills of Estonians and large
     alleviate traffic problems and to save residents’ time, it                   foreign investments in the capital region's economy.                                                                                                  number of suitable graduates for the workforce continue
     would be useful to disperse business areas outside the city                  Approximately four fifths of direct investments in Estonia                                                                                            to play a role that favours investments.
                                                                                                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                                         www.stat.ee
                                                                                                                                                       5
                                                                                                                                                         Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers) 2013
                                                                                                                                                       6
                                                                                                                                                         Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers) 2013
     3
         Population projection for Tallinn (Tallinna rahvastikuprognoos) 2011–2030 (2011), 28                                                          7
                                                                                                                                                         www.stat.ee
                                                                                                                                                       8
                                                                                                                                                         Estonian Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics (Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri) 4/2010

10                 TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                                          C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                        11
TALLINN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2020
Figure 7. Employed persons by industry, 2008–2012                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The housing market has also undergone             Figure 9. The number of authorised dwellings, 2008–2012
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes”
                                                                                                                                                                                                                (Tallinn in numbers), 2013                                                                                      rapid changes. If 2007 can be considered
     45.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       the peak of rapid growth, then in 2008 a         8000
                                                                                                                                                                         2008                            2009                            2010                                      2011                      2012               sharp decline caused by the economic
     40.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tallinn           Harju county                  Estonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                crisis began. However, it is noteworthy
     35.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        7000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                that the majority of new residential areas
     30.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                are concentrated particularly near the city
     25.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       limits and in close proximity to the coastal     6000
     20.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       area where, due to the high price of land,
     15.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       new urban areas with apartment build-            5000
     10.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ings have also been built.
      5.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                In absolute terms, the number of new             4000
      0.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       dwellings built in Tallinn in recent years is
                                                                                                Education
                Manufacturing

                                Wholesale and
                                  retail trade
                                                 Transportation and
                                                            storage

                                                                      Public administration
                                                                      and national defence

                                                                                                            Health care and
                                                                                                             social welfare

                                                                                                                                             Professional, scientific
                                                                                                                                                    and technical...

                                                                                                                                                                                              Accommodation
                                                                                                                                                                                                 and catering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       and recreation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Information and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         communication

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Real estate activities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Financial and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      insurance activities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Other activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Arts, entertainment
                                                                                                                              Construction

                                                                                                                                                                        Administrative and
                                                                                                                                                                           support service
                                                                                                                                                                                 activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                higher than in the other local governments       3000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                of Harju County combined (Figure 9). A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                remarkable difference between Tallinn and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                the rest of Harju County lies in the size of     2000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                added dwellings. While the majority of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                new living spaces in Tallinn have 3 rooms        1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                or less, then in the rest of Harju County
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                nearly half of all new housing in residential        0
     In 2012, the processing industry                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           buildings have four or more rooms. Also,
                                                                                              Figure 8. The average monthly gross wages in 2008–2011                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2004     2005      2006    2007     2008     2009     2010      2011        2012
     was once again the largest in Tal-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         in total numbers, a greater number of
     linn’s employment structure, fol-                                                        1200                                                                                                                                                                                                                              larger houses, which are more suitable for                Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
     lowed by wholesale and retail                                                                                                                                                                          Estonia                          Harju county                                                Tallinn                families with children, have been built
     trade, transportation and storage                                                        1000                                                                                                                                                                                                                              outside of Tallinn than in Tallinn. However,
     (Figure 7), which have developed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           the proportion of smaller apartments in
     rapidly in recent years. However,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Figure 10. The number of authorised dwellings in Tallinn,
                                                                                               800                                                                                                                                                                                                                              other areas of Harju County has risen only        2008–2012
     the creators of new jobs are hav-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          recently, during the real estate boom years
     ing difficulties finding a qualified                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3500
                                                                                               600
     workforce.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Along with the rapid growth of housing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 apartments with 5 and more rooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                construction, real estate prices rose sharply
     In parallel with the development           400                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4-room apartments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                until the beginning of 2007, significantly       3000
     and structural changes of entre-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           outpacing wage growth. At the beginning of                                                       3-room apartments
     preneurship, incomes have also             200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2008, demand exceeded supply on the real
     increased rapidly (Figure 8). The                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2-room apartments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                estate market, to a large extent, and real       2500
     gross wages of the residents of               0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            estate prices dropped sharply. The decreased                                                     studios
     Tallinn is higher than the Esto-                         2008                    2009                   2010               2011                                                                                                                                                                                            demand has, in particular, influenced real
     nian and Harju County average.                   Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013                                                                                                                                                                                                 estate projects with a large oversupply in the   2000
     The wages in Tallinn are, how-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             suburban municipalities; high-quality dwell-
     ever, far from the average level in the Nordic countries.               Tallinn must continue to make efforts to obtain municipal                                                                                                                                                                                          ings in a good location in Tallinn have been
     Therefore, in order to increase the competitiveness in the              ownership of lands from the state and to encourage the                                                                                                                                                                                             influenced to a lesser degree.
     labour market, it is essential to improve the productivity of           utilisation of available land.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1500
     work. This, in turn, requires serious structural changes in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                In the case of demand on the housing
     the economy and business, along with the development of                 The improvement of infrastructure and construction of new                                                                                                                                                                                          market, the fact that the need for new
     labour quality.                                                         streets (i.e. the Tartu Highway breakthrough) have signifi-                                                                                                                                                                                        housing is still high should be taken into       1000
                                                                             cantly improved the appearance of the city, movement of                                                                                                                                                                                            account, in so far as in Estonia the living
     Over the past decade, Tallinn’s urban space has become                  residents and access. Despite the establishment of infra-                                                                                                                                                                                          space per person is about two times less
     more attractive thanks to the construction of many new                  structure and investments aimed at improving the availabil-                                                                                                                                                                                        than in the more developed European                500
     buildings (banks, shopping centres, office buildings, apart-            ity of urban space, industrial undertakings and warehousing                                                                                                                                                                                        countries. The main restriction is, however,
     ment buildings, leisure centres, sports facilities and cultural         businesses have moved out of the city. Also, a large number                                                                                                                                                                                        a lower income compared to Western and
     objects), the development of the business district and the              of less-skilled and less costly (manufacturing) jobs have                                                                                                                                                                                          Northern Europe, and the fact that loans             0
     upkeep and renovating of old houses. Land use intensity                 moved to surrounding municipalities. If Tallinn receives                                                                                                                                                                                           are less available and the price has                        2008          2009         2010          2011         2012
     has increased in the city centre and around the main streets            expensive jobs, then the human resource must also adapt                                                                                                                                                                                            increased. So, the need for housing in Tal-
     in the city. However, there are extensive plots of land in the          to these changes, and this requires the preparation of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in numbers), 2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                linn remains high. Since the location, the
     urban space that are still under-utilised and not maintained.           high-quality workforce.                                                                                                                                                                                                                            availability of social infrastructure, the

12              TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                         13
aesthetic value of the surrounding envi-                                       Figure 11. Real estate prices and gross wages in euros in                                                          people from the surrounding rural municipalities. Analysis                        and home, but also ensures the availability of urban leisure
     ronment and safety are considered par-                                         Tallinn, 2008–2011                                                                                                 has identified that every day 38 500 people commute to                            opportunities, and fulfils other needs of the residents. For
     ticularly important in the choice of a resi-                                                                                                                                                      work in Tallinn from the hinterlands and that 20 100 people                       many families who have moved to the suburbs, the infra-
     dence, Tallinn needs to make efforts for the                                                                                                                                                      from Tallinn regularly commute to work in the hinterlands.                        structure and services of Tallinn continue to be vital. There-
                                                                                     1600
     provision of a unique living environment                                                                                                                  Gross salary in Tallinn                 Eighty-seven per cent of new dwellings are located in the                         fore, apartments near the city are valued. People would
     that offers different opportunities,                                                                                                                      Price per square metre
                                                                                                                                                                                                       municipalities of the so-called golden circle.9 During the                        rather continue living the urban lifestyle in conditions they
     whereas particular priority must be given                                       1400                                                                                                              last 10 years the traffic flow across the city border has more                    are accustomed to on the border of Tallinn than in more
     to the development of residential areas                                                                                                                                                           than doubled, reaching approximately 250 000 vehicles per                         remote houses offering more privacy. Choosing a place of
     with a more separated planning structure,                                                                                                                                                         day. Due to the increase in traffic intensity, the average                        residence is also influenced by the logistical problems aris-
     so-called low-density planning structure.                                       1200                                                                                                              speed of vehicles in the city has decreased. Transportation                       ing from mobility needs, since the public transportation
     The apartment buildings from the 1950-                                                                                                                                                            of the workforce to businesses that moved out of Tallinn                          connection is somewhat better in towns and settlements
     60s in Tallinn are indeed past their struc-                                     1000                                                                                                              also causes problems, since the organisation of public                            located near the city limits.
     tural lifetime, but their technical condition                                                                                                                                                     transportation from residential areas to industrial areas
     differs from building to building. A large                                                                                                                                                        near the city is difficult, therefore businesses are forced to                    Needs and possibilities for their fulfilment
     number of these houses can be renovated                                           800                                                                                                             provide their employees with transport themselves.                                Economic development and growth are directly reflected in
     and used, but they are morally outdated                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             the budget of the city by the income tax that is distributed
     and may drop out of the apartment mar-                                                                                                                                                            There are some differences between the movement pat-
                                                                                       600                                                                                                             terns of residents of Tallinn and neighbouring municipalities                     from the state budget, as well as in the state's ability to
     ket en masse. Therefore, it is important to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         support local investments. The amount of revenue deter-
     initiate preliminary surveys and the draft-                                                                                                                                                       who are commuting to work. In Tallinn, 43% of the residents
                                                                                                                                                                                                       mainly use public transportation to go to work, in the sur-                       mines the city's ability to improve the quality of life in the
     ing of plans by larger land units, in coop-                                       400                                                                                                                                                                                               city, provide public services and make the city attractive to
     eration with apartment associations.                                                                                                                                                              rounding municipalities the number is only 23%. The situ-
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ation is different in the use of a personal car – 28% of Tal-                     residents and investors in different ways. The wishes of
     Changes in life and work, and the develop-                                        200                                                                                                             linners drive to work, whereas 42% of the residents of                            residents regarding their choice of residence depends on
     ment of land use functions, has led to                                                                                                                                                            surrounding municipalities do the same. One of the main                           economic growth. If consumer preferences change,
     important changes in the movement                                                                                                                                                                 reasons is certainly the better performance of the public                         demands on local government services and development
                                                                                            0                                                                                                                                                                                            activities also change. In growing economies, the expecta-
     directions of residents. The whole move-                                                                                                                                                          transportation network in Tallinn compared to public trans-
     ment environment requires review and the                                                               2008                    2009                     2010              2011                    portation in rural municipalities or between rural munici-                        tions of residents towards public services and the develop-
     preparation of a comprehensive mobility                                                                                                                                                           palities or between a rural municipality and Tallinn.                             ment of the city also increase; however, financial problems
                                                                                                            Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes”
     plan. It can already be seen now that Tal-                                                             (Tallinn in numbers), 2013                                                                                                                                                   increase the need for public benefits. Reduction of the local
     linn is a very important work place to many                                                                                                                                                       The length of Tallinn’s public transport lines have been remained                 government revenue base in 2009 placed an additional
                                                                                                                                                                                                       at roughly the same level over the past few years; however, the                   burden on the city to preserve the volume and quality assur-
                                                                                                                                                                                                       number of trips with public transport has increased.                              ance of public services in the coming years.
     Figure 12. The main way of going to work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The need for structural changes in the economy requires
                                                       50%                                                                                                                                             Figure 13. Number or trips with the public                                        that the city's business policy promotes companies switch-
       Tallinn
                                                                                                                                                                                                       transportation of Tallinn, 2008–2011                                              ing to innovative, knowledge-intensive and more value-
                                                                                                                43%
       Neighbouring                                    45%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               adding jobs, as well as flexible workforce education and
                                                                                                                                                                               42%
                         % main way of going to work

       rural                                                                                                                                                                                           160                                                                               retraining opportunities. It is even more important is to
                                                       40%                                                                                                                                                                sõitude arv
       municipalities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         create a business environment that is characterised by a
                                                                                                                                                                                                       140
                                                       35%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               flexible labour market and employees' readiness for change
                                                                                                                                                                    28%                                120                                                                               and willingness to take the risk of creating their own com-
                                                       30%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               pany. In the implementing of innovative initiatives, it is
                                                                          23%                                                23%                                                                       100
                                                       25%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               important to support the activities of business incubators,
                                                                17%                                                                                                                                     80                                                                               including creative incubators. The prerequisite for increas-
                                                       20%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ing the value of the urban environment is the increase of
                                                                                                                                                                                                        60                                                                               knowledge-intensive employment, the balanced placement
                                                       15%
                                                                                                                                                                                                        40                                                                               of living and working spaces, and the availability of different
                                                       10%                                                                                                                                                                                                                               modes of transportation that are as economical and good
                                                                                                                                           7%           7%
                                                                                                                                                                                         3%             20                                                                               as possible. Mobility gives employees the opportunity to
                                                       5%                                                                                                                                         2%
                                                                                     1%                3%                                                                                                                                                                                find a favourable job and the companies have the opportu-
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                       0%                                                                                                                                                             2008            2009            2010             2011              nity to select a workforce.
                                                                                                                                                                                          Other
                                                                                          By bicycle

                                                                                                                        By public
                                                                                                                   transportation

                                                                                                                                               By company
                                                                                                                                            transportation

                                                                                                                                                                      By private car
                                                                                                                                                                         (or by taxi)
                                                                      On foot

                                                                                                                                                                                                               Source: Statistical yearbook “Tallinn arvudes” (Tallinn in                It is important to continue the building and expansion of
                                                                                                                                                                                                               numbers), 2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         municipal markets to support small businesses and create
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         stable markets. Since 2009, the city authority Markets of
                                                                                                                                                                                                       In the case of Tallinn and its nearby rural municipalities,                       Tallinn (Tallinna Turud) has opened or reconstructed at least
                                                                                                                                                                                                       public transport not only allows one to move between work                         one municipal market each year in different city districts
                                                        Source: Kõre, J., Murakas, R. (2006). Survey of residential areas of Tallinn and neighbouring municipalities.
                                                                                                                                                                                                       9
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Ahas, R., Jauhiainen, J., Silm, S., Nuga, M., Tähepõld, A., Saluveer, E., Kivi, K. (2007). Cooperation perspectives of municipalities in the Tallinn
                                                                                                                                                                                                       metropolitan area. Tartu, University of Tartu;

14               TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                                                                                           C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                              15
(Nõmme, Lasnamäe, Mustamäe and the Kalaturg Fish Mar-                certainly the achievement of a strong position in the inter-     Tallinn should also launch a program to make the city centre        Highway, is of vital importance. Reconstruction of Peterburi
     ket) The plan is to expand the municipal market model to             national division of labour. For this purpose, it is important   more attractive, because most tourists are consumers of             Rd. and Tehnika St., continuing with the reconstruction of
     the flower market on Viru St. 26.                                    to develop unique regional centres, such as Ülemiste City        the culture offered in the city centre. It is in the interest of    Pärnu Hwy. and Suur-Sõjamäe St., and the reconstruction
                                                                          and Tallink City, and to update the infrastructure of Kopli      an attractive Tallinn to restore the Tallinn Linnahall and the      of Gonsiori St. with a priority system for public transport,
     Structural changes in the economy require a comprehensive            Peninsula, along with opening the coastal areas to the sea.      Creative Hub and to develop Kadriorg Park, the Tallinn Zoo          are important. In terms of the development of infrastruc-
     educational system that takes the students' and society's                                                                             and the Tallinn Botanic Garden.                                     ture, cooperation with the state is necessary for the con-
     needs into account, and where a smooth transition is guar-           With new developments, it must be ensured that they do                                                                               struction of the Väo intersection, Tallinn’s small roundabout
     anteed from one level of education to another. High-quality          not exert excessive pressure on the Old Town of Tallinn, one     Urban planning must focus more on planning by larger land           and the Haabersti intersection, together with expansion of
     retraining and advanced training opportunities for adults            of the sites listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and       units, which requires changes in legislation. The city must         Rannamõisa Rd. and Paldiski Hwy. It is necessary to study
     are becoming increasingly important; these are the prereq-           that modern solutions would not ruin the observability of        prevent various conflicts of functions that arise from the          the feasibility of a Tallinn-Helsinki international undersea
     uisites for the fast switching of jobs and transition into           the Old Town. The location of high-rise buildings and the        intensification of land use, conflicts that, in the shorter or      tunnel and update the mobility plan for Tallinn.
     areas of greater income. The key word is cooperation                 thematic plans of areas of cultural and environmental value      longer term, may weaken competitiveness (i.e. development
     between schools, the city, the state and businesses. In terms        must be taken into account. In order to get the best spatial     of commercial buildings in the contact zone of the Old Town         In the development of light traffic routes in Tallinn, it is
     of cluster development, the expansion of business relations          and architectural solutions, it is important to organise         vs. Old Town as a tourism product). The intensification of land     important to continue the building of connecting roads
     in the Baltic Sea region, as well as globally, in order to realise   architectural competitions.                                      use represents both a threat and an opportunity to improve          between light traffic routes in city districts and the city centre,
     the prerequisites of Tallinn for the development of clusters                                                                          tourism. Pressure on established tourist attractions and            incl. the construction of the connected bicycle and pedestrian
     in high-tech manufacturing, ICT, maritime and logistics,             A part of the structural shift in the economy is the reduction   recreational areas must be avoided. On the other hand, new          path in West-Tallinn and participation in the joint projects of
     creative industries and biotechnology, is important. One             of lower cost as a prerequisite for the development of tour-     development projects should be seen as a means to design            neighbouring municipalities titled "Developing the network
     condition for increasing the competitiveness of Tallinn is           ism and its disappearance in the long term. Therefore,           architectural points of interest, both individual buildings and     of light traffic routes in Harju County". The light traffic routes
                                                                          improving the quality of tourism projects and services,          larger areas (e.g. coastal areas). For the expansion of develop-    of neighbouring municipalities must be connected to the
                                                                          creating new products and active marketing are important.        ment activities it is necessary that the state transfer land, in    city's network of light traffic routes, and it is also important
     Figure 14. Light traffic routes in Tallinn
                                                                                                                                           a much greater extent, to municipal ownership.                      to ensure a safe network of light traffic routes in the city
                                                                                                                                                                                                               centre. For the period of the development plan, light traffic
                                                                                                                                           In order to increase the attractiveness of the city and make        routes have been planned along the following sections: Män-
             Bicycle and pedestrian path
             Bicycle path to be built in 2013 and 2014                                                                                     the city more attractive to visitors, access to coastal areas and   niku Rd., Ranna Rd., Soo St., Tehnika St., Telliskivi St., Ülemiste
                                                                                                                                           the preservation of areas of cultural and environmental value,      intersection light traffic routes, Lääne-Tallinn light traffic
                                                                                                                                           and the upkeep of parks and squares, must be ensured. Pur-          route (from Akadeemia Rd, to Paldiski Hwy.), and Pelguranna
                                                                                                                                           suant to the environmental strategy of Tallinn until 2030, the      St. (from Paldiski Hwy. to Stroomi Beach).
                                                                                                                                           idea of Tallinn receiving the European Green Capital award
                                                                                                                                           by 2018 must be included in the action program.                     It is also important to continue the increased construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                               of pedestrian walkways. Access to schools and nursery
                                                                                                                                           To slow down the growth of vehicle ownership, alternative           schools must be ensured, especially on foot and by bike, so
                                                                                                                                           modes of transport that are comparable to the usage of a            that youngsters would develop the habit of using these
                                                                                                                                           car must be created. It is especially important to improve          means of transport. It is necessary to ensure that people
                                                                                                                                           the accessibility of urban space by increasing the impor-           with disabilities have access to cultural and educational
                                                                                                                                           tance of public transport (incl. railways) and the accessibility    institutions and public authorities.
                                                                                                                                           of light traffic routes. Development of tram traffic and the
                                                                                                                                           creation of a quick connection to Lasnamägi and Tallinn             The development of the city’s environment and infrastruc-
                                                                                                                                           Airport help to create a better traffic environment that            ture is based on the principles of the guide of the Astangu
                                                                                                                                           should be treated in the context of management of urban             Vocational Rehabilitation Centre from 2012, titled "Design-
                                                                                                                                           space and the combined use of different modes of trans-             ing and creating an environment that involves everyone”:
                                                                                                                                           port. Ways must be found to develop public transport that           • respect – the environment shall respect all different
                                                                                                                                           is more environmentally friendly, while increasing the speed          users, no-one should feel excluded, and everyone shall
                                                                                                                                           of the public transport vehicles, building public transport           have access;
                                                                                                                                           lanes and developing the "Park and Ride" system and the
                                                                                                                                           unified ticket system of Tallinn and Harju County. In terms         • safety – the accessible environment shall be risk-free for
                                                                                                                                           of developing public transport, participation in the 7th EU           all users; all elements of the environment shall take
                                                                                                                                           Framework Programme CIVITAS MIMOSA is important.                      safety into account (non-slip floors, no readily detachable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 elements, etc.);
                                                                                                                                           An important set of measures for the development of Tal-            • healthiness – the environment shall promote a healthy
                                                                                                                                           linn’s street network is the construction of east-west main           lifestyle and use, and shall not be a threat to someone's
                                                                                                                                           roads passing through the Ülemiste junction. The construc-            health or cause problems for users with health problems,
                                                                                                                                           tion of Põhjaväil depends on the participation of the state           such as for persons with allergies;
                                                                                                                                           and the Port of Tallinn, and on receiving foreign funding.
                                                                                                                                           Recreational and forest areas are to be avoided during the          • functionality – the primary functionality of the environ-
                                                                                                                                           construction of main roads. The construction of the                   ment shall be consumable by everyone without any
                                                                                                                                           Ülemiste junction, together with the reconstruction of Tartu          problems;

16              TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                         C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                      17
• clarity – all users shall be able to orient in the environ-      and relatively weak development activities. Such a contradic-        • reconstruction of the bastions zone in the Old Town of              2.3 Socio-cultural development
       ment without much effort, therefore all the information          tory position is clearly not sustainable. Tallinn's economy, as is     Tallinn;
       must be clear and appropriately placed.                          the case with Estonian’s economy as a whole, requires aggres-        • renovation of municipal and social housing and former               The importance of Tallinn, the country’s largest centre and
                                                                        sive modernisation. The time for economic growth based on              dormitories (incl. improving their energy efficiency);              capital, for residents of other areas of Estonia has been
     Since Tallinn is a maritime city, the development of the port      extensive borrowing is over and the new rise of the economy          • construction and renovation of energy-efficient social              increasing. The impact area of Tallinn is the whole of Esto-
     area is very important, incl. the ensuring of smooth access        is based on differentiation, unique skills, productivity and new       housing units;                                                      nia, with over 90% of the residents of neighbouring areas
     to ports in the city and in the surrounding areas, creating        investments. Flexibility of the whole labour market and in the       • family homes under the project Lastele perelähedane                 somehow related to the capital; in Southeast Estonia, this
     improved pedestrian access between the passenger ports             business environment helps to leave the recession more effi-           elukeskkond (project that fosters family-like living condi-         number decreases to 25%
     and the city, and continuing the construction of light traffic     ciently and painlessly in the coming years and to more effec-          tions for children from orphanages): Künni St. 9, Veerise
     routes. The reconstruction of the Port of Aegna and Katariina      tively prepare for the new economic growth.                            St. 26 and Veerise St. 28;                                          Unlike the 1990s, the new century until 2008 was charac-
     Quay and tidying of the beaches of Aegna Island are vital                                                                               • establishment of the Tallinn Botanical Garden's learning            terised by the overall prosperity and rapid growth of Tallinn’s
     for the development of marine tourism. Supporting the              Investment projects planned with external funding                      garden                                                              population. Social inequality has also not increased in recent
     development of yacht harbours and small craft quays is also        Regarding technical infrastructure objects:                                                                                                years in Estonia, including Tallinn, rather it has slightly
     important to the city.                                                                                                                  Regarding public transport:                                           diminished. Nevertheless, the stratification of the popula-
                                                                        • reconstruction of tram line No. 4 infrastructure;                  • purchase of new energy-efficient trams and trolley                  tion compared to Nordic cities is strong. Large families,
     In the interests of the development of Tallinn are the reor-       • construction of the Kalamaja bypass (Kalaranna Street);              buses;                                                              single-parent families and families where the parents are
     ganisation of the rail transport service and a reduction in        • construction of Põhjaväil (depending on the participation          • construction of the Ülemiste transfer terminal.                     unemployed find themselves in an especially difficult posi-
     the carriage of dangerous goods. In order to eliminate safety        of the state and the Port of Tallinn, and on the receipt of                                                                              tion. Since the interim growth in employment has been
     issues at same grade rail and road crossings, it is necessary        foreign funding);                                                  Regarding safety and law and order:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   replaced since 2008 with the growth of unemployment due
     to reconstruct the Pääsküla and Nõmme crossings and the            • construction of light traffic routes;                              • reconstruction of street lighting in Tallinn;                       to the recession, then a growth in the number risk groups
     Tondi railroad crossing as a grade-separated crossing. Resi-       • finishing the Haabersti intersection;                              • renovation and reconstruction of traffic control devices            and a worsening of coping difficulties is to be predicted.
     dents must be educated on how to prepare for emergencies           • reconstruction of Peterburi Road;                                    in order to make traffic flow smoother and cause less
     and how to behave in case of an emergency.                         • reconstruction of Gonsiori Street;                                   pollution;                                                          Compared to other regions of Estonia, in Tallinn the number
                                                                        • reconstruction of the Port of Aegna;                               • modernisation of public transport information and com-              of people living below the poverty threshold is significantly
     In the collaboration between Tallinn and neighbouring              • construction of the Suur-Sõjamäe storm water manage-                 munication systems.                                                 lower, and the average income is also higher. The social secu-
     municipalities, the following needs arise: the need to invest        ment system;                                                                                                                             rity system of Tallinn has developed in the direction, where
     in the entry and exit routes to Tallinn, the need to develop       • developing the tramway system to Ülemiste and                                                                                            the volume of financial aid that is independent of income
     sustainable multimodal transport and follow a coordinated            Lasnamäe;
     housing policy, optimise the educational network, promote          • project “Tallinn Tram” (Phase I – reconstruction of the            Figure 15. The proportion of people associated with Tallinn
     leisure and recreation in green spaces, cooperation in               Lasnamäe-Tallinn city centre and Kopli tramway, and the
     domestic and foreign tourism, etc. A meaningful leisure              turn around on Laikmaa St.);
     experience requires the reconstruction of the water system         • optimisation of the public transport route network;
     around the north-east pond of Kadriorg Park, along with            • Phase II construction works of the J. Smuuli Road railway
     the fountains of Snelli pond and the park, the construction          viaduct and reconstruction of Suur-Sõjamäe St. (Kesk-
     of Pirita Beach fortifications, the development of Pirita            Sõjamäe St. – city limits);
     Beach and the design and construction of rest areas along          • construction of the roadway from the Port of Tallinn, incl.
     the Pirita River Landscape Protection Area are necessary.            reconstruction of the Tuukri/Nafta and Petrooleumi St.
     For the administration of the industrial area around Tallinn,        intersection;
     it is necessary to build a network of main roads around            • reconstruction of Narva Hwy. (Russalka intersection – J.
     Tallinn that, in addition to cars, also includes rail traffic.       Smuuli Rd.);
     Construction of the Tallinn railway bypass enables a reduc-        • reconstruction of J. Smuuli Rd. (Narva Hwy. to Peterburi Rd.);
     tion in the traffic load of the capital city as well as the        • reconstruction of the Kopli tramways;
     removal of environmentally hazardous cargo.                        • reconstruction of the Pääsküla railway crossing;
                                                                        • reconstruction of the Nõmme railway crossing;
     In terms of regional economic development, Tallinn in the          • construction of Tondi grade-separated junction;
     context of Estonia is a highly competitive economic centre,        Regarding environmental objects:
     where the majority of international company headquarters
     are located. The preservation and strengthening of the logisti-    • preparation of urban storm water management schemes
     cally central position of Tallinn depends, first and foremost,       and facilities for preventing floods caused by rainwater;
     on the development of infrastructure across the territory of       • improving the infrastructure of beaches;
     the state as a whole; this, however, is not in the direct sphere   • improving the maintenance, water supply and other
     of activities of the city's administrative agencies.                 infrastructure in city cemeteries;
                                                                        • tidying the forest stands, parks and green areas in the city.
     The economy in Estonia has been driven by the rapid growth         Regarding the urban infrastructure objects:
     of indebtedness and domestic consumption, the negative
     aspects of which are low yield, focus on low value-added activi-   • reconstruction of Tammsaare Park and Theatre Square;
     ties, lack of cooperation and networking between companies                                                                              Source: R. Ahas, J. Jauhiainen et al 2007

18              TALLINN D EVELOPMENT PLAN 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 2 0                                                                                                                              C ENTRAL STRATEGI C D EVELOPMENT TREN D S , RELATE D TAS K S AN D SOLUTIONS                 19
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