The DS3 Programme Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System - "Shaping the Power System for the Future" - EirGrid
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The DS3 Programme
Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System
“Shaping the Power System for the Future”
The EirGrid Group EirGrid Group is the licensed electricity Transmission System Operator and Market Operator in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Our mission is to provide quality, efficient, independent transmission and market services for the benefit of communities, farms and businesses across Ireland and Northern Ireland. We own and operate the East-West Interconnector between Ireland and Great Britain. DS3 Programme Objective The aim of the DS3 Programme is to meet the challenges of operating the electricity system in a secure manner while achieving the 2020 renewable electricity targets.
Impetus for DS3
In response to binding National and Achieving this level of renewable 2020 Renewable Electricity Targets Across the EU
European targets, EirGrid Group began integration on a synchronous system
a multi-year programme, “Delivering is unprecedented and presents
a Secure, Sustainable Electricity significant challenges for the real- 2020 Renewable Electricity
System” (DS3). time operation of the power system.
**% Targets Across the EU
Ireland’s target under the EU Wind as % of Demand
Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/ The renewable electricity
EC) is for 16% of the country’s total 33%
targets for Ireland and Source: The National Renewable Energy
Action Plans (NREAP) January, 2012 63%
energy consumption to come from Northern Ireland, which will Note: The Danish wind target was 72% 60%
renewable energy sources by 20201. largely be delivered by wind increased subsequenty in quarter 2 6%
generation, are the highest of 2012
In order to achieve the 16% target 50%
FINLAND
the Government set a 10% renewable for any synchronous system
transport target, a 12% renewable in Europe. See figure on 40% 31% 8%
heat target and a 40% renewable page 3: Penetration of Non- 37% 37% 10%
21% SWEDEN
electricity target. Synchronous Renewables 24% LATVIA
DENMARK
Similarly in Northern Ireland, the UK
39%
IRELAND
Department of Enterprise, Trade and NETHERLANDS
39% 43%
Investment (DETI) published the 19%
55% 27%
Strategic Energy Framework (SEF) in
September 2010, which also set out a 40% GERMANY 11%
40% renewable electricity target to be 10% 1%
23% FRANCE 26% SLOVENIA ROMANIA
reached by 2020. 20%
40%
5%
PORTUGAL SPAIN ITALY 23%
GREECE
1
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council -
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF
1
Shift in Electricity Supply
The last few years have brought has decreased due to the economic All-Island Wind Connection Rates
considerable changes to the electricity downturn. With these uncertainties
HISTORICAL AND FUTURE CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO MEET 2020 RES-E TARGETS
sector. Most notable have been the in mind, it has been estimated that
drive towards greater environmental between 4,400 and 4,900 MW of total
sustainability, energy security and installed wind capacity on the island
economic competitiveness. As a will be required by 2020.3 Higher
Connection
result, there is a commitment to Rates
increase the level of renewable Required
generation on the power system. Renewable energy sources 2020
Renewable energy sources, in met 21.4% of the island’s Targets
315
particular wind generation, are electricity demand in 2014, MW/yr
fast becoming a cornerstone of 22.6% in Ireland and 17.7%
the all-island generation portfolio. in Northern Ireland.
Installed wind generation capacity
on the island of Ireland has grown
230 MW/yr
from 145 MW at the end of 2002 to
2,825 MW as of December 2014.2
This figure is set to increase over 120 MW/yr
the next few years as Ireland and
Northern Ireland work to meet their
renewable targets by 2020. The actual
amount of renewable energy this
requires will depend on the demand 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
in future years, the forecast of which Source: EirGrid Group All-Island Renewable Connection Report and 36-Month Forecast (Qtr 4, 2013).
2
All Island Wind and Fuel Mix Report (December 2014).
http://www.eirgrid.com/media/All-Island_Wind_and_Fuel_Mix_Report_December_2014.pdf
3
All-Island Generation Capacity Statement 2014-2023.
http://www.eirgrid.com/media/Generation%20Capacity%20Statement%202014.pdf
2
The growth of wind generation Penetration of Non-Synchronous Renewables
presents a range of operational What is a ‘synchronous IN EACH EUROPEAN SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM 2010-2020
challenges for the power system. The system’? Penetration of Non-Synchronous Renewables
technological characteristics of wind IN EACH EUROPEAN SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM 2010-2020
generation are different to traditional A synchronous system is a
generation sources. Wind generation, power grid where electricity
which is dependent on weather is generated at a single 37%
conditions, is inherently variable. This synchronised AC frequency.
40%
variability must be managed to ensure Ireland and Northern Ireland
demand for electricity is met at all form such a system – all of the
22%
times. Additionally, wind generation is conventional generators on 30%
the island run in synchronism, 16%
a non-synchronous technology, which
poses challenges when integrating producing electricity at 50Hz. 20% 11% 10%
Synchronous systems can 7%
into a lightly interconnected
synchronous system. operate in relatively small 10%
regions, such as Ireland and
Northern Ireland, or span vast 0%
areas, such as Continental 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020
IRELAND & GREAT BRITAIN CONTINENTAL SCANDINAVIA CYPRUS MALTA
Europe. NORTHERN IRELAND EUROPE
Source: The National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP 2010)
3
DS3 - Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System
The DS3 Programme is designed to The DS3 Programme is made up of Programme
ensure that we can securely operate 11 workstreams, which fall under the DS3 Programme
the power system with increasing three pillars of System Performance, Objectives Establishment and
amounts of variable non-synchronous System Policies and System Tools.
The DS3 Programme has
Planning
renewable generation over the coming Each pillar is fundamental to the
years. Together with the on-going grid success of the programme and been created to meet the Since 2011 the focus has been on
infrastructure development (Grid25 to achieving the 40% renewable challenges of operating the creating the correct technical and
in Ireland and a similar programme electricity target. The programme electricity system in a secure commercial mechanisms to incentivise
which is under development in brings together many different manner while achieving 2020 and improve system performance
Northern Ireland) and the addition of strands, including development of renewable electricity targets. and capability. Some of the work
renewable generation capacity, the DS3 financial incentives for better plant completed within the DS3 Programme
programme is critical to meeting the performance, and the development of includes:
• A multi-stage consultation process
renewable electricity targets by 2020. new operational policies and system
CE SYS for System Services, including
As operators of an island power
tools to use the portfolio to the best
MAN T
of its capabilities. Standards for wind R consultations on the approach
system, the TSOs (Transmission
EM
FO
farms and conventional plant are also used, the products required and the
SYSTEM PER
POL
System Operators) are facing unique
being reviewed to give enhanced financial arrangements;
DS3
challenges with regard to managing
ICIES
operational flexibility for the future. • The approval of a number of Grid
the variability of wind generation
The programme involves many Code modifications in Ireland and
while maintaining power system
different stakeholders, including the Northern Ireland;
stability and security. As these
Distribution System Operators (DSOs), • The implementation of the Wind
challenges will not be encountered
Regulatory Authorities, Conventional SY S Security Assessment Tool (WSAT)
in larger systems for many years,
Generators and Renewable Generators, T E M TO O L S
Ireland and Northern Ireland have in both Dublin and Belfast Control
as well as Government Departments. Centres;
the opportunity to lead the way in
the integration of non synchronous • The decisions on RoCoF (Rate of
renewable generation. Change of Frequency) from the
Regulators in both jurisdictions.
4
Implementation Phase Stakeholder Engagement The relationship with the DSOs is
critical for the overall safe, secure and
Since 2014 the main focus has moved Given the scale, extent and impact of efficient operation and development
towards the implementation of increased the DS3 Programme, there is a role for of the power system. A high degree
performance capability for the generation all stakeholders in ensuring its success. of TSO-DSO co-operation is required
portfolio, and developing the required EirGrid Group is committed to engaging to allow each party to fulfil their
system policies and tools needed to meet with all our customers and stakeholders obligations. A Joint Working Group
the 2020 targets. Future work to be in this regard. and an Operational Oversight
accomplished by the DS3 Programme Committee were established with
A DS3 Advisory Council was established
will include: both ESBN (ESB Networks) and NIE
to provide a forum to discuss issues
• Adapting and refining system (Northern Ireland Electricity) to
which may impact on the success of the
operational policies to assist in ensure a considered and co-ordinated
programme. The Council is comprised
securely managing the voltage and approach across the island.
of experts from academia and industry
frequency on the Irish and Northern
across Ireland, Northern Ireland and To ensure the successful delivery
Irish power system;
Europe. It meets approximately every of the DS3 Programme, the system
• Design, development and four months and has met 11 times since operators are also working closely
implementation of enhanced system October 2011. with the regulators, government
tools in order to manage the increased departments and all relevant industry
organisational complexity. For example, The wider power industry is updated on
stakeholders. The objective of all
the inclusion of a ramping tool and a recent findings and developments in
parties is to ensure that the 2020
voltage trajectory tool; the DS3 Programme through Industry
40% renewable policy targets are
Forums. These are held roughly every delivered in a cost-efficient manner
• The development of a long-term
six months. Attendance has been without adversely affecting security
Operational Policy for large-
scale Demand Side Management consistently high at the 10 Forums that of supply of the all-island power
penetration; have been held to date. system.
• The implementation of an enhanced The TSO-DSO interaction is an
Performance Monitoring system. important element of the successful
implementation of the DS3 Programme.
5
The Three Pillars of DS3
The DS3 Programme is built
around three main pillars: System PERFORMANCE
Performance, System Policies and
MONITORING RENEWABLE DATA
NCE
System Tools. Each pillar is vital
to the success of the programme A SYS
T
and the delivery of the renewable SYSTEM RM
DSM VOLTAGE
EM
FREQUENCY
FO
electricity targets. Together with SERVICES
SYSTEM PER
POL
the on-going grid infrastructure
development (Grid25 in Ireland and
DS3
ICIES
a similar programme which is under
development in Northern Ireland) GRID CODE ROCOF
and the addition of renewable
generation capacity, the DS3
Programme is critical to meeting
those targets by 2020.
SY S
T E M TO O L S
WSAT CONTROL
CENTRE TOOLS
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES
6
7
System Performance
System performance refers to the • To identify and incentivise Demand Side Management (DSM)
performance of all plant connected the necessary System Services will play a key role in facilitating the
to the power system. In order to required to operate a secure power management of more renewables due
ensure the system performance system with a significant level of to its inherent flexibility. Demand
required to meet the 2020 targets, renewables. Side Units (DSU) and Aggregated
considerable work is needed in the Generator Units (AGU) currently
areas of Grid Code modifications, The Grid Code sets out the operate commercially within the SEM
Rate of Change of Frequency performance standards for all plant and are centrally dispatched. The
(RoCoF) modification and the connecting to the power system. wider DSM space is also evolving
provision of System Services. This Compliance with it is essential to the rapidly with significant work being
will require greater participation security of the network. The Grid Code carried out in developing storage
from demand connected loads and reflects the dynamic nature of the solutions, integrating electric
enhanced performance monitoring power system, where technology is vehicles, etc.
capabilities. The main aims of this continuously evolving and, in tandem,
pillar are: operating practices and procedures
are constantly updated. In February
• To provide certainty around current 2013, Ireland Grid Code modifications PERFORMANCE
and future plant performance regarding wind farm power stations MONITORING
NCE
capability, and to ensure the
continued reliable performance of
were approved by the Commission for
A SYS
Energy Regulation (CER). In Northern
T
all plant connected to the power Ireland the Wind Farm Power Station
SYSTEM RM
DSM
EM
system;
FO
Setting Schedule was approved by
the Regulator, URegNI, in November SERVICES
SYSTEM PER
POL
• To ensure the development of a
portfolio of plant aligned with the 2013. In Ireland the Distribution Code
DS3
modifications for these wind farm
ICIES
long-term operational needs of the
power system; standards have been agreed by the
GRID CODE ROCOF
Distribution Code Review Panel.
SY S
8 T E M TO O L SAt high instantaneous non- Review was carried out to identify The detailed design and • Engagement with industry through
synchronous renewable penetration the new products that are needed to implementation phase of this project is workshops presenting proposed
levels, frequency control becomes complement the transition towards a now underway. business processes and working
more challenging, due in part to power system with high levels of wind examples;
Performance Monitoring, including
the presence of Rate of Change generation.
both commissioning and on-going • Publication of draft test procedures
of Frequency (RoCoF) protection
In December 2014, the Regulatory testing of generators, needs to evolve for industry comment;
relays and the potential for large
Authorities in Ireland and Northern to meet the changing nature of the
amounts of wind farms to shut down • Development of the business case
Ireland published a decision paper system. It is essential for the TSOs
during a fault scenario4. A RoCoF and scope for the roll out of high
endorsing DS3’s ground breaking to understand the capability and
decision paper was published by speed data recorders.
approach to solving this issue known compliance of the generation portfolio
both the Irish and Northern Irish
as System Services. The decision with respect to the Grid Codes,
Regulators in the first half of 2014.
changes the commercial focus of their registered technical operating
Both approved, in principle, the TSOs’
generation towards better performance characteristics and their capability
proposed modification to move to a
and greater flexibility, essential for a to provide the contracted levels of
RoCoF standard of 1Hz/s over 500ms.
system like ours with increasing wind System Service provision. Performance
However, the decisions outline the
penetration. This solution will shape monitoring in turn helps to flag non-
need for the implementation of the
the evolution of market policy in compliances, so that the generating
new RoCoF standard to be linked to
Europe, the US and further afield. units can remedy these issues, submit
the completion of generator studies
derogations or revise their contracted
over a period of 18 to 36 months. The significant elements of the
values.
decision are:
A central aspect of the DS3 Programme
Work completed to date includes:
is the System Services review. • An increase in the annual budget
System services are products, other cap from €60m to €235m; • Standardisation and documentation
than energy, that are required for the of existing processes on an all-
• Doubling the number of System
continuous, secure operation of the island basis;
Service products from 7 to 14;
power system. For example, reactive • Development of a detailed design
power is required to enable the system
• Movement to a hybrid regulated
specification for the enhanced
operators to manage voltages across tariff / auction procurement
performance monitoring IT system;
the system. The System Services mechanism;
4
RoCoF protection relays are an islanding detection method for embedded generation units
9System Policies
As the level of renewable represents a secure operational level acted upon. For example, EirGrid
generation increases, the TSOs will given the current plant portfolio and analyses the High Wind Speed
be required to update and develop system capability. Shutdown of wind turbines (see facing
new system operational policies. The DS3 Programme aims to address
page) to help determine operational
policy for high wind situations.
This is needed to manage the the various factors that influence the
increasing complexity associated SNSP limit, with the ultimate aim
with integrating large amounts of of increasing the limit from 50% to
variable non-synchronous renewable 75%. This target will be reviewed What is SNSP?
generation. as the DS3 Programme progresses,
depending on the progress of various System Non-Synchronous
In particular, operational polices Penetration (SNSP) is a
will need to be developed to support PERFORMANCE
workstreams. Each year the TSOs
publish the Operational
MONITORINGCapability real-time measure of the RENEWABLE DATA
frequency control and voltage percentage of generation that
NCE
Outlook – this briefing paper sets
control. Renewable generation comes from non-synchronous
A SYS
displaces traditional generation
out their view of how operational
sources, such asMwind and T
capabilitySYSTEM
metrics for the Irish and R
Irish power system are DSM
sources and also tends to be located VOLTAGE
EM
HVDC interconnector imports, FREQUENCY
FO
NorthernSERVICES
far from load centres. Thus, the power relative to the system demand.
SYSTEM PER
POL
expected to change between now and
system can experience a wide variety
2020.
DS3
of different power-flows and voltage
ICIES
profiles over the course of a day. The DS3 Programme
GRID CODE collates various
ROCOF
This needs to be carefully managed system statistics and regular reports
while “keeping the lights on” for all on key system indices. This provides
electricity consumers. clear information to the industry and
to the general public on the progress
EirGrid Group currently has a
being made in integrating renewables
maximum System Non-Synchronous
into the power system. It also allows
Penetration (SNSP) level of 50%.
SY S
T E M TO O L S
broad trends to be identified and
This level is based on the results
of detailed technical studies, and
WSAT CONTROL
CENTRE TOOLS
10HWS Shutdown (%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
19.00:00
19:15:00
19:30:00
19:45:00
20:00:00
20:15:00
20:30:00
20:45:00
21.00:00
21:15:00
21:30:00
21:45:00
22:00:00
22:15:00
22:30:00
22:45:00
Time
23.00:00
23:15:00
11
23:30:00
23:45:00
00:00:00
00:15:00
00:30:00
00:45:00
Example of High Wind Speed Shutdown of a Wind Turbine
01.00:00
01:15:00
01:30:00
01:45:00
02:00:00
02:15:00
02:30:00
02:45:00
0
5
20
25
30
35
40
35
Wind Speed (m/s) and MW output
Wind Speed (m/s)
HWS Shutdown (%)
Average Output (MW)System Tools
The evolving power system requires be dispatched down (e.g. to maintain (RCUC) tool, which will take account
new principles and operational system security). This is done using of new operational metrics; 2) the
practices. This, in turn, means we the wind dispatch tool, which sends PERFORMANCE
development of a tool to present
must develop and implement new out instructions electronically to wind MONITORING
power system data recorded by Phasor RENEWAB
NCE
and updated system tools. Monitoring Units (PMUs); 3) the
farms. To aid tracking of dispatch
A SYS
instructions, the tool will also provide provision of the necessary training for
T
An important tool used in the Control
downstream reporting systems with SYSTEMControl Centre staff on any new tools RM
or policies. DSM VOLTAGE
EM
Centres is the Wind Forecast tool. This
FO
estimates the level of wind power reasons for each wind dispatch. SERVICES
SYSTEM PER
POL
production over the coming hours The stability of the power system is In keeping with the natural flow of
DS3
and days. At present, forecasts are affected by wind generation. To study DS3 from System Performance and
ICIES
supplied by two external providers GRID CODE
this in real-time, an online Wind ROCOF
System Policies to System Tools, much
while a project has been completed Security Assessment Tool (WSAT) was of the activity in this area will be
to improve forecast accuracy and Grid introduced into the Dublin and Belfast driven by the outputs of the other
Controller user interface. Control Centres. WSAT provides a DS3 workstreams, especially Frequency
real-time assessment of the transient Control and Voltage Control.
The development of online
SNSP, system inertia and RoCoF and voltage stability of the power
monitoring within the existing system, allowing Grid Controllers to
SY S
Energy Management System (EMS) take appropriate actions if necessary.
Further extensions of WSAT may
T E M TO O L S
is complete. Furthermore, an EMS
Integration project for Ireland and include assessment of frequency
Northern Ireland is underway. This stability, calculation of security based
will deliver enhanced operational regional wind curtailment amounts
flexibility to the Control Centres. and enhanced look-ahead capability. WSAT CONTROL
CENTRE TOOLS
When there is high wind generation, Other work areas will include: 1)
especially during times of low the continued development of the
demand, wind generation may need to Reserve Constrained Unit Commitment MODEL DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES
Further information on the DS3 Programme can be found at
eirgrid.com/operations/ds3/
soni.ltd.uk/Operations/DS3/ 12The DS3 Programme is focused on
developing the Irish and Northern
CE
Irish power system for the future.
The current 40% renewable
AN SYS
electricity target for 2020 presents M T
very challenging future operational R
EM
FO
scenarios for the System Operators.
SYSTEM PER
POL
Many different aspects of system
operation are being reviewed and
DS3
ICIES
revamped under the auspices of DS3.
In tandem with this, the electricity
industry as a whole is addressing the
major changes to standards, practices
and financial rewards which will be
required to meet the targets. By
working together to overcome these
challenges, Ireland and Northern
Ireland can lead the world in the
integration of renewable energy.
SY S
T E M TO O L SFurther information on the DS3 Programme can be found at
eirgrid.com/operations/ds3/
soni.ltd.uk/Operations/DS3/You can also read
