The Effect of S.A.Q and ( MetCon) Training to Developing Some Motor Abilities, Explosive Ability and Defensive Foot Movements for Young Basketball ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
4782 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
The Effect of S.A.Q and ( MetCon) Training to Developing
Some Motor Abilities, Explosive Ability and Defensive Foot
Movements for Young Basketball Players
Ahmed Ishhab Abdulhussein1, Jamal Sabri Faraj Al Abdullha2
(1)
Ph.D. Student, 2Prof. Dr. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Babylon, Iraq
Abstract
The research aims to prepare (S.A.Q) and (MetCon) exercises to develop some motor abilities, explosive
ability and defensive foot movements for young basketball players, and to learn about the effect of (S.A.Q)
training and (MetCon) in the development of some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensive
foot movements of young basketball players. The researcher hypothesized that there is a positive effect of
(S.A.Q) training, which consists in developing some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensive
foot movements for young basketball players. The researcher used the experimental method using the
method of (the two equal experimental groups) of pre and post-test due to its suitability to the nature of
the research, the research sample was represented by (12) players who were deliberately selected from the
research community and randomly assigned to two groups, two experiments, a group of (S.A.Q) exercises
and a group of MetCon exercises. The most important conclusion is that (S.A.Q) training has a positive
effect in developing some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensive foot movements for young
basketball players. Through the conclusions, he mentioned some recommendations, the most important of
which is the emphasis on the use of (S.A.Q) and (MetCon) training to develop the defensive foot movements
of young basketball players. And the use of complex exercises by integrating motor abilities and explosive
ability with defensive foot movements in similar conditions according to the motor path of the skill.
Key words: S.A.Q0 exercises - MetCon training - defensive foot movements
Introduction stimulating the muscle groups and mobilizing the largest
possible number 2 of muscle fibers, and this leads to their
The steps for success in all sporting events and
having the property of rapid muscle contraction, and it
activities require coaches and experts to follow the
stimulated it to work with great capacity by focusing on
correct scientific method that achieves the goals set to
the biomotor capabilities represented by the different
reach the best achievements by using training methods
speeds, agility, and the maximum capabilities of the
that are commensurate with the characteristics and type
skillful performance, so it is called the exercises of the
of the game, the prevailing energy system 1, the level of
nervous system because 3 it generates a great effort on
players and their capabilities, in order to raise the level
it due to the neurotransmitters to mobilize the largest
of sports achievement, this only comes through the use
number of movement plates, and then adaptation and
of training methods that simulate the movement path of
development in these capabilities take place.
motor skills according to the conditions of play with the
latest means, methods and technology in planning and Basketball is one of the games that is characterized
training. by the rapid rhythm of switching between attack
and defense and vice versa, and as a result of this the
The (S.A.Q) exercises which consist of modern high-
multiplicity of different movement performances, which
intensity functional exercises, are the nervous system
are characterized by changing speed and direction and
exercises that require relatively large muscular effort by
working with explosive capabilities in line with theIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4783
various situations that the player faces during defense form of a complex and integrated to suit the movement
or attack especially defense 3, which is the cornerstone path of the movements of the feet, which led to a clear
of the beginning of the attack to face the different attack weakness in the performance of the defensive skills
methods, so mastering the performance of defensive associated with the movements of the feet, and if any, it
skills is one of the most important topics that concern does not meet its purpose due to the failure to follow the
those concerned with the game and that foot movements appropriate methods that employ the physical side in the
(moving forward, backward and sides) in defensive skill side during training and the lack of awareness of the
skills, it is one of the important requirements for its players and their lack of adaptation to the performance
performance, as the rapid movements of the feet enable such exercises with high intensity and great mastery of
the player to take the best defensive place and confuse the the skillful movements of the feet for young basketball
opponent, cut the ball and perform the defense in the best players.
way as it guarantees the performance of what happens
Research objectives:
in the competition 4 and the kinetic performance of the
skills while ensuring the work with the same muscular - Preparing S.A.Q and MetCon exercises to
and nervous pathways for defensive skills, therefore, develop some movement abilities, explosive ability and
raising the level of training for any player cannot be defensive foot movements for young basketball players.
promoted, whether physical, skill, or planning without
developing the skills of defensive foot movements and - Identify to the effect of S.A.Q and MetCon
from this great importance of foot movements and their training to develop some motor abilities, explosive
large space in defensive performance as well as the ability and defensive foot movements for young
movement of the player and changing his speed and basketball players.
direction with maximum capabilities Research hypothesis: The S.A.Q training and
The researcher decided to go into this study by MetCon have a positive effect to developing some motor
applying 3 modern training methods represented by abilities, explosive ability and defensive foot movements
(S.A.Q) training, which are used to develop and improve for young basketball players..
the required speeds and explosive capabilities of some Research fields:
defensive skills related to the foot movements of young
basketball players. The human field: Young Hilla basketball players
for the sports season (2019-2020).
Research problem:
Time field: From (11/12/2019 to 1/7/2020).
The research problem is embodied in the presence
of weakness in the foot movements of young basketball Spatial field: Martyr Hamza Nouri Hall for Sports
players despite its direct link and importance with Games in Babel Governorate Center
defensive skills, due to the lack of time given in training
Methodology
and focus on developing it during the training units by
most coaches, using functional and complex training The researchers used the experimental approach
methods according to the motor duty of the skill. because of its suitability to the nature of the research.
Through the researcher’s interest and follow-up to Community and sample research:
the training units, being a former player, and his contact
The research community was identified with the
with coaches of the Iraqi Basketball Super League for
young basketball players of Al Hillah Sports Club for
Youth, it was found that they are not given enough time
the 2019-2020 season, and their number is 16 players
to focus on training that needs a high level of speed,
aged between (17-19), and the sample was chosen by
agility, compatibility and maximum abilities in the4784 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
an intentional method, then they were divided into two - Agility.
equal groups randomly, each group of 6 players, who
- Coordination.
represent 75% of the research community, and (MetCon)
training was given to the experimental group. - Motor speed.
Devices, tools and means used in the research: - Explosive power.
Means of data collection: - Defensive foot movements.
- Observation. Tests and measurements used in the research:
- Tests and benchmarks. Motor abilities tests:
- Personal interviews First: Agility (T) Test. (1)
- Questionnaire. The purpose of the test: Measurement of the
Agility.
Tools and devices used:
Second: Coordination test (eye and feet
- Sony Chinese imaging cameras.
Coordination). (2)
- Computer (HP) of Chinese origin.
The purpose of the test: Measurement of
- A Chinese digital (Canon) camera of 25 images coordination of movement between the eyes and the
/ second. legs.
- (8) basketballs, type (Molten), made in China. Third: The test of the motor speed of the two
men: (3)
- Two (2) electronic Chinese-made electronic
stopwatch. Test name: side steps.
- 25m metal tape measure. The purpose of the test: Measuring the player’s
speed in lateral leg movement.
- 12 plastic signs of different heights.
Fourth: The vertical jump test of stability: (4)
- Fox whistle, count (3).
The purpose of the test: Measurement of the
- Agility ladder, length of 8 m.
explosive power of the muscles of the legs and the stump.
- Barriers, 30 cm high, count (4).
Fifth: Test the movement of defenders with
Field research procedures: basketball : (5)
Determine the variables used in the search : For the The purpose of the test: Measuring the time of
purpose of determining some of the motor capabilities, movement of a defender with a basketball.
foot movements in the basketball game and its tests, the
Pre-test:
researcher sought to seek the help of scientific sources
and research that dealt with the above subject and were The pre-tests were conducted on Sunday 11/10/2020
presented to a group of experts and academics in the at four o’clock in the afternoon, and included tests of
field of basketball with scientific and field experience. motor and physical abilities represented according to
Young people, which are commensurate with the nature their effect on the nervous system, which are the test of
of work, namely:. explosive ability, the motor speed of the legs, agility,Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4785
and the defensive movement test. Tuesday, Thursday) for the second experimental group
(MetCon Training).
Main experience:
- The goal of S.A.Q training is to develop
The (S.A.Q) and MetCon exercises had been
explosive ability, agility, agility, and defensive skills
prepared, and these exercises include the movement,
related to the foot movements of young basketball
physical and skill sides and in a manner consistent with
players.
the defensive foot movements on 18/10/2020, it lasted
for eight weeks and was distributed in the training - Taking into account the exchange of work
units in a coherent and appropriate manner, taking into between muscle groups and legalizing the training load
account the components of the training load (intensity, for both experimental groups, so that they are close in
repetitions, appropriate rest periods) as well as the intensity, size and intensity.
movement capabilities, explosive ability and defensive
Post-test:
foot movements of the research sample, the tools used
and the training method, to be able to develop these The post tests were conducted on Sunday 13/12/2020,
capabilities for the two experimental research groups To taking into account the same circumstances, conditions
achieve the objectives and goals of the training process. and instructions that were used in the pre-tests.
Details of the S.A.Q and MetCon exercises used for Statistical methods used:
the two experimental groups:
- Mean.
- The total number of training units will include
exercises (48) doses for each group (24) doses - Std. Deviation.
- The number of weekly training units for each - Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
group is (3) doses, for a period of (8) weeks. - Leven test for homogeneity.
- The time for one training dose is (25-30) - (T) test for cross-linked samples.
minutes.
- (T) test for independent samples.
- Training days during the week will be (Saturday,
Monday, Wednesday) for the first experimental group Presentation, analysis and discussion of results:
(S.A.Q exercises)
Presentation of the results of the two experimental
- Training days during the week will be (Sunday, groups in the pre and post-tests in some motor, physical
and skill abilities under study.
Table (1) it shows the difference of the arithmetic mean, its standard deviation, the value (t), the level of
significance, and its significance, the differences between the results of the pre and post-tests in some motor
abilities, explosive ability, and defensive foot movements for the first experimental group, (S.A.Q.).
Standard T value
Difference of
Testing Measuring unit deviations Sig level Sig type
means Calculated
difference
Agility Second 3.06 0.63 11.82 0.000 Sig
Compatibility Second 2.35 0.75 6.26 0.008 Sig
Two legs motor speed Second 2.83 0.98 7.05 0.001 Sig
Explosive power Watts 1.77 1.38 3.13 0.026 Sig
Defensive move Second 4.28 2.10 4.98 0.004 Sig4786 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
Degree of freedom (5), level of significance (0.05). correct responses to the movements of the feet, which
have an important role in the coordination process, as
Discussing the results of some movement
the success of Mahdi and Akram Sobhi indicates that
capabilities, explosive ability, and defensive mobility
“Continue to perform the exercise or repeat it until The
for a group of (S.A.Q.) exercises.
muscular response to performance is formed at a high
Through what has been presented in the tables (1), level, because compatibility exercises need to be trained
we note that there are significant differences between more than other features in order to reach the desired
the pre and post-tests to test agility and in favor of the level of performance (8).
post test. The researchers attribute this development in
Through what was presented in the tables (1), we
this ability to (S.A.Q) exercises, as the exercises used
note that there are significant differences between the
in this method had a positive effect on agility, because
pre and post tests for testing the kinematic velocity and
it was focused on developing double and triple abilities
in favor of the post test, the researcher attributes this
in one exercise, through the use of floor stairs and their
development in this ability to (S.A.Q) training because
coupling with jumping and rapid movements, in addition
it depends on the development of all types of speed, as
to kick and start exercises, rapid movement exercises
mentioned by Zoran Milanović, et al. (2011) “Sacho
by changing direction, whether using the feet, trunk or
training is considered one of the training forms that
hands, with linking the exercises together in one exercise
contribute to improving some special physical abilities,
according to the conditions of correct performance was
the most important of which is speed of all kinds” (9),
one of the important factors in achieving development in
by focusing on compound exercises and by developing
agility. Physical abilities within a single training program
more than one trait in one exercise as quickly as possible
(6), the researcher attributes the reason for reaching these
during the performance of the exercise and for all parts
results in the development of the experimental group’s
of the body, the nature of (S.A.Q) exercises that focused
performance level in the dimensional measurement of
on the accuracy in implementing the exercises prepared
the tests of movement capabilities represented by testing
for the player in terms of a sense of place, time and the
the numbered circuits to the effect of SAQ exercises
ball, where we notice that the higher the accuracy of
developed by the researcher and related to motor
execution Motor performance indicates the high level
compatibility represented by (ground stairs and jumping
of compatibility, “good compatibility is related to the
on specific marks with one or both legs on the ground and
nature of movement and the feeling of placing the body
exercises steps in different directions and sudden stops
in a vacuum in terms of the process of arrangement
using stopping, support, rotation and rope jumping),
and coordination of movements in order to achieve the
this resulted in highly efficient movements, that is,
desired goal and with the least possible effort” (10).
neuromuscular compatibility and the agreement of the
limbs on which the defensive foot movements depend Through the presentation and analysis of the results,
on basketball, which have effectively contributed to it was noticed that there were few significant differences
developing the compatibility of the eye with the feet and for a group of (S.A.Q) exercises in the explosive ability
this is in agreement with (Aline Wadih and Salwa Ezz El test between the pre and post measurements and in favor
Din) “during the movement that is performed in various of the post test. The researcher attributes the reason to
directions The working muscle groups in cooperation the use of (S.A.Q) exercises, in which exercises were
and succession in a systematic and sequential framework used that were performed repeatedly, in a simplified
in terms of time and place to obtain an efficient and and sequential manner, according to scientific and
effective complex movement (7) . Likewise, the various well-studied training standards, as we note that these
repetitions and the constant focus of foot movements exercises have affected the results of the dimensional
had a great role in developing the special compatibility tests clearly due to their reliance on speed to develop
between the eye and the man, as the player produced the explosive power, as the maximum speed stimulates theIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4787
nervous system to perform quickly, (Abu Al-Ela Ahmad Al-Baik). “Training takes a form very similar to training
1992) states that capacity training requires high speed during matches, so that vital equipment gets used to this
during exercises to obtain better motor performance performance” (12) , as well as choosing the exercises
during competitions (11), in addition to the adoption of that were distinguished by focusing on the motor path
(S.A.Q) exercises on various explosive capabilities, of the skill and linking more than one movement at the
including jumping over barriers, partridge, jumping, same time and diversity in technique and tactics in the
starting, stopping and sudden launching with explosive skillful performance of foot movements by performing
movements that depend on lengthening and shortening, these exercises in four different directions and focusing
reducing the recoil time, and consequently increasing on the use of the left and right leg when performing the
the explosive power. exercises and for various directions had a clear effect.
In developing this skill, according to their movements,
Through what was presented in table (1), we note
reluctance to move quickly to allow the player to move
that there is a difference in the arithmetic circles between
as best as possible, thwarting the opponent’s attack,
the two measurements before and after the defensive
turning it into a counterattack, and scoring points. As
movement test for a group of S.A.Q exercises and in favor
these technical performances, through their multiplicity,
of the post-test as a result of the effect of S.A.Q exercises
diversity and method of training, enable the player to
that the researcher was inspired by the actual situations
cope with changing circumstances and positions during
of competition, which is characterized by change and
the match, as the forms of these exercises were closely
diversity in a way that serves the motor duty that has had
related to the defensive foot movements of basketball, as
an effective impact on the development of defensive foot
they included harmonic movements by changing speed,
movements by integrating the components of exercises
direction, stopping, rotation and maneuvering with the
in order to have complex goals (physical - kinesthetic
feet in conditions quite similar to competition, states,
- skill), which helps in the acquisition of players joint
“The individual’s possession of a high level of motor
development of the abilities of the defensive move, the
abilities helps him to successfully practice sporting
researchers attribute the reason for this development to
activities”(13), accordingly, the researcher has achieved
the effectiveness of the training used by the user, and the
the research goal with regard to developing defensive
researcher’s keenness to have (S.A.Q) exercises close
foot movements for young basketball players.
or similar to situations and conditions of play and in a
standardized manner represented by sudden releases and Presenting the differences of the arithmetic mean
different moves in directions and levels with changing and the standard deviation between the pre and post-tests
speed and direction and their money from a direct effect of some motor abilities, explosive ability, and defensive
on developing defensive movement and thus getting foot movements for the second experimental group
used to the player performs in conditions similar to what (MetCon exercises), analyzing and discussing It.
is happening in the match, and this was confirmed (Ali
Table (2) It shows the difference of the arithmetic mean, its standard deviation, the value (t), the level of
significance, and its significance The differences between the results of the pre and post-tests in some motor
abilities, explosive ability, and defensive foot movements for the second experimental group (MetCon
training).
Standard T value
Difference of
Testing Measuring unit deviations Sig level Sig type
means Calculated
difference
Agility Second 1.22 0.64 4.59 0.006 Sig4788 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
CONT... Table (2) It shows the difference of the arithmetic mean, its standard deviation, the value (t), the
level of significance, and its significance The differences between the results of the pre and post-tests in
some motor abilities, explosive ability, and defensive foot movements for the second experimental group
(MetCon training).
Compatibility Second 1.05 0.46 4.51 0.020 Sig
Two legs motor speed Second 1.83 0.75 5.96 0.002 Sig
Explosive power Watts 2.66 1.10 6.64 0.001 Sig
Defensive move Second 2.83 2.67 2.58 0.049 Sig
Degree of freedom (5), level of significance (0.05).
Discussing the results of some motor abilities, skillful performance, and the researcher also attributes
explosive ability, and defensive foot movements for the this development to the MetCon training group for
MetCon training group. their commitment to the exercise and its accurate
application and continuing to perform the training units
Table (2) showed that there are significant without interruption, structured training results in an
differences between the pre and post -test in the agility increase in the individual’s performance ability as a
test for the group, the MetCon exercises and in favor of result of performing physical exercises for several days,
the post test, as this group showed a slight significant weeks or months, by imprinting the body’s systems on
development compared to the (S.A.Q) group because the performance to such exercises, given that continuing
MetCon exercises lacked sudden change in speed and training, whatever its goal, will have an effect, even if
direction exercises and focused on jumping, jumping it is simple. The functional aspect of the player’s body.
and partridge exercises and backlash training as for the
simple development in the MetCon training in the agility Table (2) showed that there are significant
test, it was the result of linking the MetCon training differences between the pre and post- test in the kinetic
with the skillful movements of the feet and defensive velocity test for the group, the MetCon exercises and
follow-up. The researchers attribute the reason for the in favor of the post test, as this group showed a slight
little development in the compatibility test to linking significant development compared to the S.A.Q group
the exercises used as well to the quality of the exercises of exercises because the MetCon do not focus on speed
used and their appropriate repetitions that the team of all kinds ,they are limited to the instantaneous speed
used within the approach followed, which had a role of explosive movements and move away from the
in developing the movement’s abilities of the player, transitional speed. As for the simple development in the
but this development is not at the required level when kinetic velocity of the MetCon group, it came as a result
compared to the development of the (S.A.Q) group, of the use of compound movements for all parts of the
which relied on skill training which is more specific in body, which was reflected in the speed of performance
addressing the weaknesses that the player suffers from in the performance of the defensive skills of the foot
and which the researcher seeks to develop through the movements of young basketball players.
development of the motor abilities to be developed,
Through the presentation and analysis of the
because it is considered one of the basic capabilities of
results, it was noted that there are significant differencesIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4789
regarding the mean differences of the group of S.A.Q Through the presentation and analysis of the results,
exercises between the pre and post measurements and in it was noticed that there are significant differences for
favor of the post-test in the test of explosive power. The the second experimental group (MetCon training) in
researcher attributes the reason to the use of the method the defensive move test, but these differences are small
of MetCon exercises, in which exercises characterized compared to S.A.Q training in defensive movement,
by high intensity and explosive movements related to this little development is due to the effect of (MetCon)
rapid rebound jumps using all parts of the body as Step training by linking it to the performance of lateral
up (Burpee. Squatting) exercises. All of these exercises movements (slid) and moving forward and backward,
depend on combining force with speed with harmonic in addition to that, these exercises are characterized
movements under the influence of the central nervous by change and diversity in a way that serves the motor
system and with high intensity to develop the explosive duty that had an effective effect on the development of
ability for that. The mean differences between the pre defensive foot movements.
and post measurements in the explosive power test were
Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results
high compared to the S.A.Q exercises, in which the
of the differences between the two experimental groups
mean differences were small.
in the dimensional tests of motor abilities, explosive
ability, and defensive foot movements.
Table (3) shows the differences of the arithmetic mean for tests of some dimensional motor abilities of the
two experimental research groups (S.A.Q - MetCon).
(S.A.Q training)
group (MetCon
Experimental
experimental
training)
Second
group
first
Difference means
Calculated
Sig level
Sig type
T value
Measuring
Testing
unit
Std. Deviation
Std. Deviation
Mean
Mean
Agility Second 7.79 0.51 9.69 0.49 1.9 6.56 0.000 Sig
Compatibility Second 5.67 0.42 7.05 0.51 1.37 4.08 0.006 Sig
Two legs
Second 10.16 0.75 8.66 1.21 1.5 2.57 0.028 Sig
motor speed
Explosive
Watts 12.98 0.80 14.93 0.84 1.95 4.08 0.002 Sig
power
Defensive
Second 17.97 1.17 21.48 1.33 3.51 4.83 0.001 Sig
move
Freedom degree (10), level of significance (0.05).
Discussion of the results of the two experimental research groups on tests of motor abilities, explosive ability,
and two dimensional defensive foot movements.4790 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
Through what was presented in tables (3), we note the eye, the hand and the leg is the most important
that there are significant differences between the tests of factor for the performance of the athlete, and there is a
the two experimental groups (S.A.Q - MetCon) in the transmission of nerve signals between the nervous and
agility test and in favor of the group of S.A.Q exercises muscular systems. Therefore, all the movements that he
prepared by the researcher, as these exercises contributed performs require a degree of compatibility between the
to the development of this group in the dimensional nervous system and the muscular system necessary to
measurements between the two groups due to the S.A.Q perform the skills” (15).
exercises, which were distinguished by combining speed,
Through what was presented in Table (3), we note
harmony and strength training exercises in a way that
that there are significant differences between the tests
serves the motor duty such as agility ladder exercises
of the two experimental groups (SAQ - MetCon) in
and the change of direction between the signs, quickly
the test of kinetic velocity and in favor of the group
and with high accuracy.
of SAQ exercises prepared by the researcher, as these
The researchers attribute the reason for reaching exercises contributed to the development of this group in
these results in the evolution of the experimental group’s the dimensional measurements between the two groups
performance level in the dimensional measurements in due to exercises(S.A.Q.), which was characterized
the compatibility test to the effect of S.A.Q exercises by rapid performance through exercises that change
developed by the researcher during the implementation direction, sudden breakthroughs, speed of response
period of the main experiment, which was built on correct and decision-making according to the kinetic path of
scientific foundations in terms of the use of focused and defensive foot movements, the choice of appropriate
appropriate exercises, gradually, the use of optimal and varied exercises and their standardized repetition
repetitions and effective intervals of interval, and the and their consistency with the level of the players
focus on harmonic movements using ground ladder, helped in the development of movement speed. Thus,
jumping ropes and jumping over the figures that have these exercises have the main role in developing these
been carefully prepared in order to affect the working important movements that the player relies on when
muscles, Compound skill exercises for defensive foot performing defensive skills with basketball, as Cracken
movements also contributed to the development of these emphasized, according to the planning theory that “the
important abilities through a sudden stop with several organization of training in a manner Varied or variable
tools and various maneuvers by changing speed and and using stimuli or means is more influential in learning
direction, which play a major role in the development than training or organizing training in a constant manner
of motor control and control on which the special without any change from one iteration to another “ (16),
compatibility between the eye and the two legs depends, the researcher also attributes these differences to the
by sending different nerve signals at the same time, selection of appropriate exercises for the development
and thus these complex exercises have the main role in of rapid force, kinetic velocity and kinetic abilities
developing this important ability that the player relies represented by explosive ability and force characterized
on when performing the defensive move. Moreover, by velocity, harmony, kinetic velocity and kinematic
“the development of kinetic compatibility enables the balance, which work to develop skillful performance and
athlete to perform the motor performance of the skill in this is what Makram Al-Saadoun confirmed, “that the
the best possible way” (14), we conclude from this that individual’s possession of a high level of rapid strength,
the development of the compatibility of defensive foot movement velocity and capabilities mobility helps him
movements has a great impact on the development of this to successfully practice sports activities (17).
skill, as the basketball player must have explosive ability
Through what has been presented in tables (3), the
and a high compatibility between the eyes, arms and
researchers attribute the significance of the differences in
legs when performing this skill, and this was confirmed
the explosive ability test between the two experimental
by Luay Ghanem “Where the compatibility betweenIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4791
groups (SAQ - MetCon) to the effect of the MetCon work to achieve the skills of the game must be selected
exercises prepared by the researcher, as these exercises and developed in a manner similar to what happens in
contributed to the development of explosive ability the match”(20). Also, the use of training tools It has an
of young basketball players and were performed in a effective effect on the development of defensive foot
manner. Organized, arranged and influential repetitions movements for the members of the (S.A.Q) training
Qassem Hassan asserted that “special exercises contain group, because “auxiliary means make the player able
an element or several elements of activity similar to the to address deficiencies, especially those whose leg
movement or close to it in the direction of the movement movements are slow and increase the effectiveness of
or the strength of the movement” (18),also, compound the training unit” (21).
MetCon exercises with defensive foot movements
The researcher attributes the development of the
contributed to the development of this important ability
defensive movement to a group of S.A.Q exercises
using jumping, jumping and partridges exercises over
and the exercises it contained in order to develop
the hips and stairs. In the S.A.Q exercises, there was
special motor abilities, which had a positive effect on
an improvement in explosive ability, but in a small
developing the motor abilities of compatibility, agility
percentage, compared to the MetCon exercises, in which
and balance. Which has great importance in skill
the researcher focused on rebound exercises through
performance and this is consistent with what Essam
jumping, jumping and partridge, MetCon exercises focus
Abdel Khaleq referred to, that “the motor performance
on fast force, while S.A.Q exercises focus on speed by
of the skill depends on the special motor abilities” (22),
changing direction, i.e. skill speed in accordance with
as the growth and development of the motor capabilities
the kinetic path of defensive foot movements.
would contribute to the process of events of balance and
And through what has been presented in tables (3), coordination in the work of muscles and then employing
we note that there are significant differences between the balanced ratios of physical abilities such as strength
tests of the two experimental groups in the dimensional and speed in performing various motor duties with high
tests between the two experimental groups to test the compatibility, and this is what a basketball player needs.
defensive movement and in favor of the training group
S, A.Q , whereas, the reason for the development of the Conclusions and Recommendations
defensive movement is due to the effect of the various Conclusions:
and different skill exercises related to that skill, so
- The (SAQ - MetCon) training achieved good
that the (S.A.Q) exercises prepared by the researchers
results in arithmetic mean differences between the pre
scientifically in terms of planning, organization and
and post measurements and in favor of the post-test in
application helped in developing the skill of defensive
tests of some biomechanical abilities and defensive skills
foot movements with basketball, and this is what Hanafi
(motor velocity, agility and defensive movement) and
Mahmoud Mukhtar confirmed. And testing appropriate
did not achieve good differences in the test (explosive
exercises enables the coach to develop physical qualities
ability and strength distinguished by speed and defense
and at the same time work to perfect the player basic
follow-up ).
skills and digest playing plans (19) . And that these
exercises are inspired by the researcher from the actual - The (S.A.Q - MetCon) training achieved good
situations of the competition, which are compound results in the differences of arithmetic mean in the two
exercises that are applied by linking many movements dimensions - dimensional, and in favor of S.A.Q exercises
in different areas similar to the places in which the in tests of some motor abilities (agility, compatibility,
player moves during the competition, this is consistent and kinetic speed), and did not achieve good differences
with what Muhammad Hassan Abu Ubayya said, “as in the test of explosive ability and defensive movement.
they are taught how to properly link skills to each other
to become a complex, and the various exercises that4792 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
- The two groups of (S.A.Q-MetCon) training References
achieved good results in the differences of arithmetic 1. Abdel-Fattah A. The Plateau of Power and How to
mean in the two dimensional measurements and in favor Overcome It, Cairo, Regional Development Center,
of the group of MetCon exercises in the test of explosive Athletics Bulletin. 1992.
ability and did not achieve good differences in tests of 2. Abdel-Fattah A. Sports Training, Physiological
movement speed, agility and defensive movement. Foundations, 1st Edition, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr. 1997.
3. Mukhtar HM. Football Technical Director, Cairo,
- The (S.A.Q) training are preferred in developing
Al-Kitab Center for Publishing. 1998
agility, compatibility, speed of movement, and defensive
4. Majeed RK. Encyclopedia of Measurements and
movement. As for MetCon training, they have an
Tests in Physical Education, C1, Basra University,
advantage in developing explosive ability. House of Books and Documents. 1989
Recommendations: 5. Abdul Amir AH. The effect of loads with different
stresses using weights in the development of
- The necessity of using modern training methods muscle capacity and the movement of cannons
such as S.A.Q and MetCon in various sports by coaches with basketball according to some biomechanical
in order to save effort and time and achieve training variables. PhD thesis, University of Baghdad,
College of Sports Education. 2005.
goals.
6. Khaleq EA. Sports Training Theories - Applications,
- Adopting MetCon training and codifying it 5th Edition, Alexandria, Dar Al Maaref. 1999.
according to energy systems in order to save effort 7. Al-Sumaidaie LG. Volleyball between theory and
and time and achieve training goals in line with the practice, 1st Edition, Mosul, Higher Education
capabilities, capabilities and preparation periods of the Press. 1985.
trainees. 8. Abu Obayya H. Training basic skills in modern
basketball, Cairo, Dar Al Maaref. 1967.
- Adopting complex and functional exercises 9. Allawi MH, Radwan M. Kinetic Performance Tests,
according to the movement path of the skill for the 1st Edition: Cairo, Arab Thought House. 1994.
purpose of developing defensive skills related to foot 10. Shalash NM, Mahmoud NM. Kinetic Learning,
movements for young basketball players. College of Physical Education, University of
Baghdad, Ministry of Higher Education, 2nd
- Approving the results of the examined tests Edition. 2000.
when evaluating the exercises. 11. Farag EW, Fikry SE. The Reference in Table Tennis
(Education and Training), Alexandria, Delta Center
- Conducting other studies and research using
for Printing. 2002.
other modern training methods on different age groups
12. McCracken H. A test of the Schema Theory
with different skills and for both sexes in different
of Discrete Motor Learning. Journal of Motor
games. Behavior. 2002; 19: 193-2012.
Financial Disclosure: There is no financial 13. Milanović Z, Sporiš G, Trajković N. Effects of a 12
disclosure. Week SAQ Training Programme on Agility with
and without the Ball among Young Soccer Players,
Conflict of Interest: None to declare. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2011; 12:
97-103.
Ethical Clearance: All experimental protocols 14. Vikram S. Effect of S.A.Q. drills on skills of junior
were approved and all experiments were carried out in Volleyball Players. 2016.
accordance with approved guidelines. 15. Ahmad B, Al-Samarrai AA.Teaching Methods in
Physical Education, Mosul University Press. 1984.
16. Ismail SM. The Effect of Training Methods forIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 4793
Developing the Explosive Power of the Legs and 18. Rabadi KJ. Athletic Training for the Twentieth
Arms on the Accuracy of Long Distance Shooting Century. Amman: The University of Jordan. 2001.
by Jumping High with Handball, University of 19. Ismail MA. Defense in basketball, Alexandria, Dar
Baghdad, PhD Thesis. 1996. Al Ma’arif. 1999
17. Hussein AK. Designing tests to measure some of the 20. Harah Fundamentals of Training: Translated by Abd
defensive skills of Baghdad clubs’ basketball youth Ali Nassif, 2nd Edition, Mosul, Higher Education
teams. Master thesis. College of Physical Education Press.2000
and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad. 1912.
21. Dan P. Norm based field testing(I A AF). Quar.mag.
1993; 9.You can also read
