The Giraffe Plasma Bank & the Butterfly Effect - AZA Ungulates
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The Giraffe Plasma Bank
& the Butterfly Effect
L Dadone, VMD, P Bapodra-Villaverde,
BVetMed, DACZM, E Stringer, DVM,
DACZM, K Thomas, DVM, C Bradford,
DVM, DACZM, M Barrie, DVM,
C Rettenmund, DVM, DACZM,
J Torres, DVM, S Carle, DVM,
D Wilfong, CVT, & A Schilz
The Giraffe Plasma Bank was created because about ¼ of zoo giraffe mortalities may be associated w neonates
50 Yrs of Giraffe Mortality Data
Non-
infectious
n = 1,310 Disease Neonate
8% 26%
(1967-2017)
Restraint
12%
Infectious
From Dadone & Trauma Disease
24% 25%
Klaphake, 2017
Causes of Newborn Giraffe Mortality
• Congenital abnormalities
• Joint hyperextension
• Umbilical hernia
complications
• White muscle disease
• Dystocia
• Failure of passive transfer
• Hand-rearing complications
• Maternal neglect
• Trauma • Hyperextended fetlocks
What is Failure of Passive Transfer?
• Newborn hoofstock need to
absorb maternal antibodies
& proteins from colostrum
in their 1st day
• Without this, calves may die
from infections
• Colostrum from other species
(ie domestic cows) will not
necessarily provide pathogen-
specific immunity
Plasma Transfusions • Plasma transfusions can provide antibodies for calves that don’t get sufficient colostrum • Using trained blood-draw behaviors, CMZoo started banking giraffe plasma in preparation for our next giraffe calf
•CMZoo’s calf “Rae” didn’t need our banked plasma •But this plasma was needed by another zoo w a newborn giraffe
Denver Zoo made headlines by saving newborn giraffe “Dobby” - Medical care included a plasma transfusion from a CMZoo giraffe
Based on this demonstrated need, we started a national Giraffe Plasma Bank • Blood samples collected using trained behaviors!
Giraffe Plasma Recipients, Year #1 Case # Outcome Sex Date Comments 1 Lived M 3/17 2 Lived F 4/17 3 Died M 5/17 Dislocated hip 4 Died M 6/17 Head tilt 5 Lived M 6/17 MRSA infection 6 Lived F 1/18 Total 4 lived, 2 died 4.2
Plasma transfusions also helped other hoofstock species An okapi calf at Denver Zoo was saved w okapi plasma donated from the Columbus Zoo, Dec 2017
50 Yrs of Okapi Mortality Data
n = 91 Trauma
(1967-2017) 15%
Neonate
45%
From Dadone & Infectious
Klaphake, 2017 Disease
30%Training hoofstock for
blood collections &
sharing blood products
saves lives
• Should zoos create plasma banks
for okapi & other hoofstock
species w high neonate mortality?Increasing neonate survival will help us maintain genetic diversity SSP Goal: >90% genetic diversity for 10 generations Are we on track? • Generic giraffe: Green (n = 425) • Masai giraffe: Yellow (n = 120) • Okapi: Yellow (n = 105) • Malayan tapir: Red (n = 35) • Red-flanked duiker: Red (n = 34)
Potential Additional Benefits
of the Plasma BankRegular Access to Blood Could Help Us Make
Medical Advancements for Giraffe
• Individual animal care &
diagnosis
• Identify species-specific
doses for pain meds,
antibiotics, etc
• Develop new treatments
(ie stem cell therapy)Medical Advancement: Stem Cell Therapy Lame giraffe 1 day before Recheck 3 wks after hoof trim & stem cell therapy (4/18/17) stem cell therapy (5/10/17)
Media Opportunities • The media loves stories about zoo babies, quality medical care & collaborations
Even when critical cases don’t survive, these stories raise awareness for the great work of our modern zoos • Opportunity to message about Zoo’s animal care & other programs • AZA community benefits w examples of great animal care & attention to welfare
Raising Awareness for the Great
Work of Zoos Helps Counter Anti-
Zoo Welfare Concerns
•We can prevent some giraffe calf
mortalities w plasma transfusionsIncreased Collaborations Benefit Us All
• Sharing resources &
ideas helps us provide
better animal care
• These partnerships help
us build a community
to benefit giraffe in
zoos & in the wildConclusions
• Plasma transfusions can help prevent
some giraffe calf mortalities
• Plasma banking could benefit
breeding programs for multiple
hoofstock species
• Trained medical behaviors are
helping us advance zoo animal care
• Should trained blood-draw behaviors be a
standard of care for giraffe?Resources
• Girafferesourcecentre.org
• Giraffe plasma bank protocol
• ldadone@cmzoo.org
• Priya.Bapodra@
columbuszoo.org
•Annual Giraffe Care Workshop
at Cheyenne Mountain ZooPlease Join the Giraffe
Plasma Bank!!
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