THE MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR
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9/23/2019
THE MYERS‐BRIGGS
TYPE INDICATOR
TOOLS FOR SELF‐REFLECTIVE, SELF‐AWARE COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE
REORGANIZING FOR SMALL GROUP
ACTIVITIES:
TAKE OUT YOUR MYERS‐BRIGGS REPORT AND WRITE YOUR FOUR LETTER CODE ON A
POSTIT THAT YOU AFFIX TO YOUR NAMETAG. [ON THE BACK IF YOU PREFER NOT TO
SHARE WITH OTHERS.]
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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9/23/2019
FIND A TABLE THAT HAS A SIGN MATCHING
YOUR LAST THREE LETTERS OF YOUR TYPE
. IF THERE ARE EIGHT OR MORE PEOPLE AT YOUR TABLE, SPLIT INTO TWO ROUGHLY
EQUAL SEPARATE TABLES.
STARTING WITH THE CAVEATS:
•You are more than a personality type. Don’t confuse the MAP for the
TERRITORY!
•This is as useful as you think it is, no more and no less.
•You can only know your own personality type.
•With another person, you can at most form educated guesses.
•That can still be useful.
•Consider your guess a hypothesis, and test it.
•See if it helps you work with that person more effectively.
•Don’t tell people your opinion as to their type
MYERS‐BRIGGS TYPOLOGY USES AND
LIMITATIONS
USES: LIMITATIONS:
Identifies easily‐recognizable Descriptive rather than dynamic
behavioral tendencies Over‐emphasis on flattering type
descriptions, less attention to challenges
High degree of popular
acceptance Very complicated system and theoretical
underpinnings (Jung)make it difficult to build
When used to illuminate patterns a practical understanding across all the types
in an individual’s behavioral Binary typology test for characteristics that
preferences and habits, can in the real world manifest on a continuum,
contribute to insight and awareness not in opposition
Criticized by some academicians and
statisticians
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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The four dimensions of type
EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION
Where do you get your energy from?
SENSING INTUITION
How do you generally take in and organize information?
THINKING FEELING
What process do you prefer to use to make decisions?
JUDGING PERCEIVING
How do you engage most often with the world around you?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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Everyone uses all the preferences, but each of us
is more comfortable using one of the two styles in
each pair
Not about skills or abilities
Not about motivations or causes
No better or worse types
All 16 types have potential strengths, all
have potential blind spots and pitfalls
A type is a behavioral pattern
Knowledge of type illuminates behavior
but does not excuse inappropriate behavior
Take what seems useful, discard the rest
Widely used
Executive coaching
Most Fortune 500 companies
70 different countries, two dozen
languages
Most widely used personality assessment
in the world: more than 2 million people a
year take it
Helps us to develop self‐reflective
capacity, appreciate differences, mitigate
conflict, enhance constructive teamwork
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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9/23/2019
Take a moment to relax:
CHOOSE A PARTNER TO WORK WITH AT YOUR TABLE.
NOT SOMEONE YOU KNOW WELL OR WORK WITH OFTEN.
IF POSSIBLE, CHOOSE SOMEONE WHO ALSO HAS THE SAME FIRST LETTER THAT YOU
HAVE: EITHER AN E OR AN I.
IF YOU DON’T HAVE A PARTNER, JOIN WITH TWO PEOPLE AT YOUR TABLE TO FORM A
THREESOME FOR THE EXERCISES THAT FOLLOW.
WHAT’S A PERSONALITY PREFERENCE?
Clasp your hands together
engaging all the fingers:
Write your signature on a piece of Notice which thumb is on top and
paper as you usually do. which is covered.
Now, do it with the other hand. Now reverse the clasp so that the
other thumb is on top.
What do you notice about
process? About product? How natural, how comfortable
was the second handclasp?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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The four dimensions of type: 1. Energy
EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION
Where do you go to recharge your batteries?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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Characteristics
Tend to act before thinking Tend to think before acting
Prefer to move into action Prefer to spend time on inner world of reflection
Talk things through Think things through
More expressive when interacting More contained when interacting
Gain energy from interaction Gain energy from introspection
At ease with large groups of friends and strangers Prefer smaller groups of acquaintances and friends
Have a breadth of interests Have a depth of interests
Remember, E–I is not about sociability or social confidence
AN INTROVERT AND AN EXTRAVERT
DISCUSS A PARTY
E–I: Approach to meetings
E I
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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Good I/E Words
Introverts (I) vs. Extraverts (E)
Introverts Extraverts
Private • Social
Concentration • Interaction
Internal • External
Depth • Breadth
Intensive • Extensive
Fewer relationships • Many relationships
Cautious disclosure • Free disclosure
Contained • Expressive
Internal reactions • External events
Reflective • Gregarious
Thinks to speak • Speaks to think
The four dimensions of type: 2. Your style of thinking
S SENSING INTUITION N
How do you prefer to gather and use information: your “habits of mind” or
“cognitive type.”
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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How we prefer to gather information &
reach solutions
SENSING: INTUITION:
Wants to know the facts Enjoys theories and speculative concepts
Looks at the details: macro lens Looks at the context: wide angle lens
Takes a fairly concrete, information‐driven approach Interprets, forms impressions, notices patterns
Focuses on the here and now Anticipates future possibilities
Ensures solutions do work in practice Explores how things might work in theory
Tactical outlook Strategic outlook
Step‐by‐step movement forward Intuitive leaps
Comfortable with how things have worked in the past Likes innovative and original solutions
Remember, Sensing isn’t ‘sensitive’ and iNtuition isn’t ‘gut feel’
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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Analogy
Ensures individual data is accurate Ensures patterns are understood
May overlook the patterns May care less about the accuracy of the detail
S N
Sensate and Intuitive Preferences
People who prefer Sensing
See and collect facts and details
Are practical and realistic
Start at the beginning and take one step at a time
Are more specific and literal when speaking, writing, and
listening
Live mainly in the present, dealing with the here and now
Prefer reality to fantasy and imagination
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
109/23/2019
People who prefer Intuition
Look for patterns, possibilities, connections, and meanings in information
Are more conceptual and abstract
Start anywhere in understanding a problem, and are comfortable leaping
over basic steps
More likely to speak and write in general, metaphorical terms
Live in the future – the possibilities
Prefer imagination and what could be to sticking with current reality
With a partner:
Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes
Share what behaviors and habits of mind you recognize in yourself that make you
either intuitive or sensate in your thinking style
Reflect on your own conflict story:
Jot down two or three ways that your preference (Sensing, or Intuition) may have
showed up or influenced how you behaved during your conflict story.
Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the same
preference as you, between Sensing and Intuition? Or the complementary
preference?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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The four dimensions of type: 3. Decision values
THINKING FEELING
What process and values do you most often use to make decisions and choices?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
129/23/2019
Characteristics
Guided by logical analysis• Guided by personal values
Use cause and effect reasoning• Assess impact of decisions on people
Seek objective truth• Seek harmony: tact over truth
Decide using impersonal rules and principles• Decide by considering values, circumstances
Focus on tasks and solutions• Focus on relationship
Provide a critique• Offer appreciation
Conflict is a natural part of interactions• Conflict is unsettling and to be avoided
Fairness matters: everyone treated rationally and equally• Fairness matters: individuals treated compassionately
according to needs
Remember, ‘Thinkers’ can feel and ‘Feelers’ can think.
This scale refers only to the process we prefer to use for making decisions
Illustration
Makes decisions by stepping Makes decisions by stepping
out of the problem to be into the problem to be
objective compassionate
T F
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
139/23/2019
T–F: Helping style
A VIDEO CLIP?
Good T/F Words
Thinkers (T) vs. Feelers (F)
Thinkers Feelers
Impersonal • Interpersonal
Objective • Subjective
Justice • Fairness
Laws • Circumstances
Firmness • Acceptance
Clarity • Harmony
• Appreciate
Critique
• Social Values
Policy
• Involved
Detached
• Heart
Head
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
149/23/2019
With your partner:
Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes
Share what you recognize in yourself that makes you more of a thinker or more of a
feeler in your decision style.
Reflect:
Consider how your decision style may have influenced how you participated in your
conflict story.
Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the same
decision style preference as you (Thinking, or Feeling)? Or the complementary
preference?
Jot down a few notes to help you remember this.
The four dimensions of type: 4. Engagement with the world
JUDGING PERCEIVING
How do you engage with the world around you?
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
159/23/2019
Characteristics
J P
Likes to come to closure Likes things open to allow for change
Systematic and organized Remains casual, loose, flexible
Prefers to plan and act within a clear structure Responsive processes matter
Impatient with ambiguity Responds to emerging information
Dislikes the unplanned and unforeseen Embraces spontaneity and new experiences
Prefers decisions to be final Reconsiders decisions easily
Remember, Judging isn’t ‘judgmental’ and Perceiving isn’t ‘perceptive’
Illustration
J P
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
169/23/2019
J–P: Approach to a task
People who prefer Judging
Like to make plans and follow them
Like to get things settled and finished
Like environments with structure and clear limits
Enjoy being decisive and organizing others
Handle deadlines and time limits comfortably
Organize procedures and schedules to avoid last
minute rushes
People who prefer Perceiving
Like to respond resourcefully to changing situations
Like to leave things open to allow gathering more information
Like environments and processes that are flexible; dislike rules
and limits
May not like making decisions, even when pressed
Tend to think there is plenty of time to do things
Are willing to rush to complete things at the last minute
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
179/23/2019
Good J/P Words
Judgers (J) vs. Perceivers (P)
Judgers Perceivers
•Resolved • Pending
•Decided • Wait and See
•Fixed • Flexible
•Control • Adapt
•Closure • Openness
•Planned • Open‐ended
•Structure • Discoveries
•Definite • Tentative
•Scheduled • Spontaneous
•Product • Process
With your partner:
Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes
Share what you recognize in yourself that makes you more of a judger or more of a
perceiver in how you engage with the world around you.
Reflect:
Consider how your style of engaging with the world (Judging or Perceiving) may have
influenced how you participated in your conflict story.
Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the same
preference as you about engaging with the world (Judging, or Perceiving)? Or the
complementary preference?
Jot down a few notes to help you remember this.
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
189/23/2019
Personality Type
When combined, your dominant preferences indicate your
personality type.
I E
S N
I
T F
J P
REMEMBER: your dominant style preference may be strong,
or may be only a little stronger than your preference for the complementary style
Estimated Frequencies
Frequencies of the types in the United States Population
Females ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
7‐10% 15‐20% 2‐4% 1‐3%
I E ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
45‐55% 45‐55%
2‐3% 6‐10% 4‐7% 1‐3%
S N
70‐75% 25‐30% ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
T F 2‐4% 7‐10% 8‐10% 2‐4%
24‐35% 65‐76%
J P
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
55‐60% 40‐45% 6‐8% 12‐17% 3‐6% 1‐4%
THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES AMONG U.S WOMEN DIFFER ONLY IN
PREFERENCE FOR “E” vs “I” [EXTRAVERSION VS INTROVERSION]. BOTH OF THE
MOST PREVALENT TYPES ARE *SFJ [SENSING, FEELING, JUDGING]
Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
199/23/2019
Estimated Frequencies
Frequencies of the types in the United States Population
Males ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
14‐19% 6‐8% 1‐2% 2‐6%
I E ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
50‐55% 45‐50%
6‐9% 4‐8% 3‐5% 4‐7%
S N
65‐72% 28‐35% ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
T F 5‐6% 3‐7% 5‐7% 3‐7%
55‐67% 33‐45%
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
J P
52‐58% 42‐48% 10‐12% 5‐8% 1‐3% 3‐6%
THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES AMONG U.S MEN ALSO DIFFER ONLY IN
PREFERENCE FOR “E” vs. “I” [EXTRAVERSION VS. INTROVERSION]. BOTH OF THE
MOST PREVALENT MALE TYPES ARE *STJ [SENSING, THINKING, JUDGING]
Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.
WOMEN MORE OFTEN PREFER FEELING,
MEN MORE OFTEN PREFER THINKING.
AMONG U.S. WOMEN, THE TWO MOST AMONG U.S. MEN, THE TWO MOST
PREVALENT TYPES ARE FEELING TYPES: PREVALENT TYPES ARE THINKING TYPES:
ISFJ ISTJ
ESFJ ESTJ
REMEMBER: WE ARE TALKING ONLY ABOUT A PREFERENCE FOR
HOW TO GO ABOUT MAKING DECISIONS.
FEELING TYPES ARE PERFECTLY CAPABLE OF THINKING,
AND VICE VERSA.
THINKING/FEELING DIFFERENCE FAR MORE PRONOUNCED AMONG LAWYERS
THAN IN GENERAL POULATION Feeling
Feeling 34%
19%
81% 66%
Thinking Thinking
Lawyers - Male Lawyers -Female
Feeling
40%
Feeling 35%
, 60% 65% Thinking
Thinking
Most Males
Most Females
Slide used with permission of Susan Daicoff (Myers‐Briggs Dimensions ‐ Richard, 1994)
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
209/23/2019
EXERCISE:
Choose a different partner at your table.
“What might your MBTI type explain about your contribution to what went wrong in
your conflict story?
Table discussion:
What does my MBTI type have to do with what triggered me in my conflict story?
What aspects of my MBTI type were exhibited by how I behaved/reacted in my
personal conflict story?
What have I learned about myself in conflict through the lens of my MBTI type?
DISCUSSION
Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.
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