TITRE FEEDBACK FOR MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF MONITORING IN ANDRA UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY - Modern 2020
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DRD/3C/19-0080
FEEDBACK FOR MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF
MONITORING IN ANDRA UNDERGROUND
RESEARCH LABORATORY
TITRE
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11 2019
Emilia HURET & Frédéric PLAS
Andra - Research and Development Division
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The cigéo Project
Its location and the Andra Underground Research Laboratory
o ZT: 250 km²
• Demonstation of
feasibility principle
of deep geological
disposal (2005)
o ZIRA: 35 km²
• Location of Cigéo
URL
underground
facility (2009)
Clay Host rock
• a500 m depth
• 140 to 160 m thickness
Clay Host rock
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Cigéo Project
500 m depth URL
Nuclear zone Shafts zone
(Access ramp)
15 km 2 Underground
facilty
85000 m radwaste
3
Shafts
120
Access ramps
Operating HLW disposal zone
period
IL-LLW disposal zone
25 Mds Euros
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Cigéo project
The monitoring program: application, requirements, ”multi”
Multi-(macro)components
Application
o Radwaste, disposal radwaste packages
o Construction and operational safety o Disposal cells, drifts, access ramps,
o Retrievability shafts, seals, disposal zones, overall
underground architecture
o Satisfaction of Post-closure safety functions
during operating period o Geological and surface environments
o Dialogue with stakeholders Multi-materials
o Knowledge management o Glass, metals, concrete, clay
(backfill/seal)…
o Clay (host rock)…
Main requirements of monitoring
devices/system Multi-scales
o Discretion (Non invasive) o Space: from several cm to several 10 km
o Durable as much as possible and reasonable o Time:
o Sensibility Operating period Closure Post closure period
o Resistant to disposal conditions ye
years
(temperature, radiation, water…)
o Redundancy, complementarity Multi-functions Ö Multi-processes Ö Multi-
parameters
o Flexibility
o Thermal, Hydraulic-GGas, Mechanical,
o 3D vision of components Chemical, radiological
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Andra Underground Research Laboratory
A deployment, incl. Monitoring, with Cigéo milestones
2000-2005 Ö Feasibility demonstration
CARACTERISATION
Characterization of Callovian-Oxfordian properties : G, H, C
AND
-445m Mechanical comportment T, H, M (in situ and damaged rock) FEASABILITY
Comportment of radionuclides, Pore water composition
2006-2009 Ö Choice of disposal location
-490m
CONSOLIDATION
Host rock/ material interaction (clay, concrete, metals, glass…)
Sealing experiment in borehole
First IL-LW disposal cell OPTIMIZATION
2010-2015 Ö Safety Options reports (DOS)
OPERABILITY
First HLW disposal cell
Sealing experiment in drift
2016-2020 Ö Licensing application
15 years of characterization of the host rock PILOT INDUSTRIAL
(mechanical, geochemical, thermal…) PHASE
PREPARATION
Feedback of 10 years fort ILLW disposal
cells and 8 years for HLW disposal cell
>2020 Ö Further R&D and technological programmes
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Andra Underground Research Laboratory
The overall monitoring devices tested at 2019
672 218 Shaft
Gallery at – 425m
Experiments
>10200
MCC 7
GIS
HAT
10
15
17
Main URL level at – 495m
GRM
FRO 22
MVE 23
EST208 24
MLH
GVA
33
33 • 2012: 5 247
DCN 36
PEP
DRN
43
50 • 2014: 8 456
• 2018: > 12 000
EPT 53
BHN 54
NIH 65
TEC 67
PAC 70
TER 70
Failure rate: mean < 10%
MCO 86
Boulons 90
CDZ 99
TSS 99
1800 m of drifts
BBP 101
KEY 110
DPC 136
REP 149
PGZ
AHA
180
180
Development of large
+ 1100 boreholes TED
BPE
SMGR
188
200
218
scale demonstrators
o 13 km cored into the Callovian-Oxfordian
GGD
SDZ
236
291
since 2014-2015
SUG 345
claystone
ALC 641
CAC
677
NSC
870
ORS
OHZ 1460
70 experiments (included technological
TPV 1818
0 2139
500
1000
demonstrators)
1500
2000
2500
Number of
Number of sensors
sensors
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Andra Underground Research Laboratory
The technologies of monitoring tested at 2019
Host rock and Engineered
Technology components
• Temperature
• Water content
• Water flow
• Total stress
• Pore water pressure
• Relative humidity
• Strain
• Convergence “Atmosphere”
• Displacement • Temperature
• Inclination • Air flow
• Conductivity • Air velocity
• Ph, Eh
• Hygrometry
T, M…
Number
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring of thermal phenomena in Andra URL
Temperature measurement
Two technologies combined
Point measurement by platinum probes
Sensibility : 0,01°C
Distributed optical fiber sensor « Raman » (OF))
Sensibility : 0,1°C
Borehole measurements §1600 sensors in the URL)
OF
Fmmeasurements in concrete lining
Cee document est la propriété de l’Andra.
l’And
l’
DRD/3C/19-0080 Il ne
n peut être reproduit ou communiqué
commmuniq sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring of Mechanical phenomena in Andra URL
Rock mechanical behavior
Rock mechanical behaviour Structure mechanical behaviour
o Convergence measurements o Vibrating-wire extensometers (one or
• Invar alloy wire double boils)
• Optical fibers o Strain gauges
• Convergence rods o Convergence rods
Inva alloy wire
o Strain measurements o Total pressure cells
• Vibrating-wire extensometer (0.1 microstrains)
trains)
• inclinometer (0.02 mm/m) Prefabricated segments
o Interstitial pressure measurements Example of application of
vibrating wire extensometer
• MPS – Multi Packer System
• Pore pressure cell
• Interstitial pressure cell (vibrating-wire)
Rock/structures stress changes
o Sensing plates measurements
• Distributed measurements of othoradial stress
ess
s
In the concrete structures
in the concrete (5 mesures/cm2).
Ce document est la propriété
été de
e l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
u communiqué
Il ne peut être reproduit ou com
mmuni
mu qué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring of mechanical phenomena
Evolution of the damaged zone
Proven and complementary methods
1. Geophysical methods : Analysis of the P-wave travel time between
transmitter and receiver to determine the speed of propagation of the
wave in the medium traversed
Evolution of P-wave travel
• Seismic frequency (important volume of rock)
Tomographic measurements at different scales
(intersections shaft, drift, face of galleries, cells…)
• Ultrasonic frequency (fine description of reduced volume of
rock)
Well logging (« interval velocity measurements »)
« velocity survey »
2. Gas permeability measurements Damaged zone
3. Geological observations : Fracturing analysis on coring modelisation (VH)
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring programme of
underground structure
demonstrators
IL-LLW disposal cell
HLW disposal cell
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
The Cigéo Project
Schemes of concept design
HLW
IL-LLW disposal cells
disposal cells Length: 80 - 150 m
Useful length: 500m Diameter: 80 - 90 cm
Diameter: 10m
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
IL-LLW disposal cell demonstrator in Andra URL
GCR Drift: First monitored section (Rigid support)
Pore water
Objective: To ensure the retrievability pressure
of packages during operating period
Rock (T,H,M)
o Platinium probes (T)
o Distributed optical fiber « Raman » (T)
o Time Domain Reflectometry TDR (H)
o Inductif extensometer (M)
o Pore water pressure (H)
Concrete lining/support (T,H,M) Optical fiber sensors
o Platinium probes (T)
o Distributed optical fiber « Raman » (T)
o TDR (H)
o Vibrating wire extensometer (M)
o Distributed optical fiber « Brillouin »
(M)
o Total pressure (M)
Concrete slab
o Reference temperature device
Evertherm®
Validation of in situ emplacement §sensors
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
IL-LLW disposal cell demonstrator in Andra URL
GER Drift : Second monitored section (Rigid support)
Pore water
Feedback of GCR experiment Öpressure
2 monitored sections GER
• Improved sensor implementation in the rock/concrete support/cladding
o §VHQVRUV
o 2 types of Optical Fiber connections (plug: fast/ splice: robust)
• Comparizon of technologies
o Example of strain measurements
• 2 types of Vibrating wire extensometers
• 2 types of Optical fibers
Optical fiber sensors
Strain measurements for different vibrating wire extensometers Strain measurements different OF vs vibrating wire extensometer
One coil
Double coils
time time
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
HLW disposal cell demonstrator in Andra URL
Evolution of monitoring devices with concept
URL : 20 HLW disposal cell demonstrators
2011- CAC1601
Evolution of the HLW disposal cell concept
o Optical Fiber (T, M)
2012 - ALC3004
Instrumentation
placed on intrados o H2 sensor (G)
of the steel liner
2013 - HAT1601
o Corrosion sensor (C)
2016 - AHA1603
o Ovalization (robot) (M)
2017 – AHA1604
Monitoring objectives
o Optical Fiber (T, M) o To Ensure the retrievability of
Instrumentation
placed on extrados 2018 – ALC1605 packages
of the steel liner o To Control of the risk of explosive
(heating cell)
atmosphere
o Optical Fiber (T, M) o To garanty post closure safety
o Gas sensor (H2, O2) (G) objectives
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080 Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
HLW disposal cell demonstrator in Andra URL
Incremental development of optical fiber (OF)
AHA1604 (2017) – 112 meters
o non-intrusive instrumentation by optical fiber on the liner
for the monitoring of the thermomechanical behavior
• OF (longitudinally « extrado » on 10 m), 2 OF types
• 1 section for ovalization (distributed OF in spiral)
• Device performed on 15m without break of OF
ALC1605 (2018) – 28 meters Lining temperature according to 3 axes
o Implementation test on a heating cell (28 m)
• OF (longitudinally « extrado » on 28 m), 2 OF and 2
fixing methods
• 2 sections for ovalization (distributed OF in spiral
resistant to 90°C) + Vibrating wire extensometers
• One section for chemical measurement (gas and water)
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080 Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable. Gas measurement (example)Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
HLW disposal cell demonstrator in Andra URL
2019 - Full scale demonstrator AHA1605
Objectives
o Demonstrate Andra’s ability to monitor THMC parameters of HLW disposal cell (80 m length)
representative to HLW0 repository zone (industrial pilot phase)
o Test, improve and validate sensor’s installation procedures
o Provide data to enhance data fusion methods
Sensors
o Temperature
• Distributed OF (longitudinally)
o Strain
• Distributed OF (longitudinally and in spirals)
• Vibrating wire extensometer
o Chemistry (extrados & intrados casing)
• Gaz (O2, H2), water properties (pH, EH),
• Corrosion (new technologies)
o Evolution of the damaged zone (before and during the
excavation)
• Geophysic methods (acoustic, electric)
Additional methods
o Robot equipped with sensors (T, H2, …)
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Data management of Andra URL
A complete and robust system since 2002
Basic & Reference
Basic data data storage
Acquisition
1 300 boreholes
9 700 scientific operations
4 300 daily reports
> 63 600 solid samples
> 14 140 fluid samples
Data acquisition and
management system
(SAGD)
Management and
data visualization
20 000 measure points
2.7 billion of values
Ce document est la a propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
roduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.
Il ne peut être reproduit préalaModern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring in Andra URL
Synthesis
A large feedback of 15 years of development to support licensing application of Cigéo
o A robust level of knowledge already acquired
THMC sensor: nature (redundancy, complementarity), number, location, resolution, sensibility,
fiability, emplacement in different media…
Data management system
• To propose a panel of tools and means of monitoring
• To be implemented and optimized during the pilot industrial phase
Further development of monitoring in the URL with future technological demonstrator
(disposal cells, seals…) 2019-2015
o Consistent with international feedback from other URLs: Mont-Terri, Aspo, Grimsel, HADES,
Horonobe, Onkalo…
o Consistent and/or complementary with feedbacks from other domains: nuclear plants and
nuclear facilities (incl. decommissioning), dams, railway and road tunnels….
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
Il ne peut être reproduit ou communiqué sans son autorisation expresse et préalable.Modern2020 Final Conference, April 9-11
2019
Monitoring in Andra URL
to be continued…
To improve monotoring techniques
• Gas: Raman lidar, optical fibers...
• Kinetic of Corrosion: existing sensors to be qualified in situ
• water chemistry: continuous measurements
• Damage zone (extension…): geophysics
• Geometry: development of robots to perform 3D scans and integration of sensor...
To limit cables obtrusion
• Wireless transmission
• Optimization of sensor emplacement
To improve data management
• 4D visualization
• Automatic analysis
• Big data environment…
To innovate
• Muons
• Americium energy sources…
To prepare the link of data management system with BIM of Cigeo
Ce document est la propriété de l’Andra.
DRD/3C/19-0080
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