WHAT DOCTOR? WHY AI AND ROBOTICS WILL DEFINE NEW HEALTH - CLICK TO LAUNCH - PWC
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What doctor? Click to launch Why AI and robotics will define New Health
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Introduction
Would you allow a medical robot with artificial
New Health
intelligence (AI) to examine, diagnose and The answers to these two questions fundamentally
prescribe a treatment plan for you or a member impact clinicians and caregivers throughout healthcare.
of your family with cancer? Would you accept a The answers will ultimately decide how we implement
robot as your primary surgeon? And if you were to We are entering a new era of the use of AI and robots in developing our healthcare
do so, what would the human clinician do? systems across the globe. We will specifically address
health – New Health
these two questions in the next phase of our research
AI and robots have long been a theme in fiction. From Health matters. It matters to each of us as individuals and initiative, but it is important to keep them in mind as we
Isaac Asimov’s ‘I, Robot’ in 1950 to Baymax, the care to society as a whole. It lies at the heart of our economic, explore existing perceptions and attitudes towards AI and
robot in ‘Big Hero 6’, we’ve long been fascinated with political, social and environmental prosperity and is one robotics in this report.
the possibilities for machines that can understand, of the largest industries in the world.
reason and learn – and help us to make better use Modern health systems can treat and cure more diseases
of information. than ever before. New technology is bringing innovation
to old treatments. Yet significant quality, access and
Just imagine that you had a hand-held scanner the
cost issues remain and our health systems are becoming
size of your smartphone that could ‘sense, compute
increasingly unsustainable.
and record’ your daily health status just like the
Star Trek medical ‘tricorder’. What if it could make What doctor?
recommendations so that you could achieve and
At the heart of this report is the emergence and increasing
maintain your ‘optimal’ physical or mental condition
use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics within
or detect anomalies early?
and throughout this New Health ecosystem. We chose
Robots like Baymax and tricorder scanners are not ‘What doctor’ as our title for the report because during
science fiction. AI and robots that support, diagnose our research – and the response to that research – it has
and treat people are already in homes, workplaces become increasingly clear that policy makers, payers,
and clinical environments all over the world. And providers, educators and the public need to consider:
how we embrace AI and robotics to complement and • What is the role of the AI/ robot doctor?
enhance current healthcare services over the next
ten years will define our ability to deliver a more • What is the role of the human doctor?
responsive health service with improved health
outcomes, while at the same time enabling people to
take more control over their day-to-day health needs. Continued
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Introduction
Five distinct trends are converging, which mean AI and 3. Information technology development in healthcare has been 4. Technology has, of course, had an impact far
robotics will come to define New Health: rapidly moving from products to services to solutions (Frost & beyond the developments in healthcare. The
Sullivan, 2016). Past decades have focused on the innovation explosion of technology – digitally enabled, wireless
1. First and foremost is the value challenge that
provided by medical products delivering historic and evidence- connectivity across increasingly mobile devices – has
all countries across the globe are facing – there is
based care. The present decade is one of medical platforms created an increasing democratisation of access for
escalating demand from long-term, chronic disease,
focused on real-time, outcome-based care. The next decade is healthcare. Some of the most powerful AI tools are
rising costs, often with an ageing population and
moving towards medical solutions – using AI, robotics, and virtual already embedded in Android or iOS. Harnessing this
limited resources (money, workforce specialists,
and augmented reality – to deliver intelligent solutions for both technology is providing consumers with the data and
etc). Yet we are continuing to invest in facilities and
evidence- and outcome-based health and focusing on collaborative, information they need to proactively manage their own
equipment that were built to solve a completely
preventative care. This confluence of technology-based products, health and wellness, and to make better, more informed
different set of healthcare needs and are not designed
platforms and solutions is leading to a previously unimagined decisions in partnership with their healthcare providers.
to cope with this demand. A hospital-centric system
precision medicine, down to the familial and individual level, which
deals very well with serious health episodes that 5. Finally, the willingness of the general public to
one day may even be able to predict and thereby prevent disease.
require days or weeks of acute care for very ill people. be more active participants in their own health and
But it was never intended to deal with large numbers wellness has now reached critical mass. As we reported
of people whose conditions are chronic, complex and Last Current Next in our 2016 survey Care Anywhere, the explosion of
require treatment for the longer term. decade decade decade technology and the increasing ubiquity of the Internet
of Things (IoT) is bringing about breakthroughs that
2. The past decade has seen an explosion in the Medical Products Medical Platforms Medical Solutions are erasing healthcare boundaries and enabling care
amount of health data that is now available to us. Equipment, Hardware, Wearable, Big Data, Robotics, AI, anywhere and everywhere3. And this willingness is
For example, for a skin specialist there are 11,000 new Consumables Health Analytics Augmented Reality extending into the areas of AI and robotics, which we
dermatology articles published every year. In 2013, it
explore in this report.
was estimated that the volume of health-related data
had reached over four zettabytes – that’s four trillion
gigabytes (1021) – and there are those who project this
exponential growth rate to reach ten times that by 2020,
Differentiation is solely Differentiation by Differentiation via
and, even beyond, to yottabyte (1024) proportions1. through product providing services to key intelligent solutions for
Furthermore, fully 80% of this extraordinary amount of innovation. Focused on stakeholders. Focused evidence/outcome based The Medical Futurist (2016). http://medicalfuturist.com/
1
artificial-intelligence-will-redesign-healthcare/
data is unstructured2, meaning that it’s not contained in historic and evidence on real time outcome health. Focused on
based-care. based-care. preventive care. Healthcare Data Institute (2015). http://healthcaredatainstitute.
2
a database or some other type of data structure. Staying com/2015/02/18/big-unstructured-datas-contribution-to-healthcare/
current with and being able to access this data is simply PwC (2016). Care Anywhere: Moving health and wellness out of the hospital
3
and into the hands of the consumer. https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/
beyond the scope of any human individual, no matter Source: Frost & Sullivan, ‘Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems’, 2016 documents/care-anywhere.pdf
how capable or intelligent.
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Keeping well
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the One of AI’s biggest potential benefits is to help people
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in stay healthy so they don’t need a doctor, or at least Artificial Intelligence and Consumer
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from not as often. The use of AI and the Internet of Medical Apps for keeping well
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot Things (IoMT) in consumer health applications
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is is already helping people to manage their own
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri healthcare and to keep themselves well through
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, healthier living. For example, the Smart belt – welt
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by has a built-in mechanism that alerts the person
voice alone5. when they overeat. It relies on a magnetic sensor to
track waste size and tension to determine when the
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
users may have over eaten and alerts the wearer.
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
Further, IBM has announced three new consumer-
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare
focused partnerships, one of which is with Under
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are
Armour who will use Watson to power a ‘cognitive
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.
coaching system’.
These applications and others (see Box-Out) all
Training Keeping encourage healthier behaviour in individuals and
Well
help with the proactive management of a healthy
Early lifestyle. It puts consumers in control of health and
Research
AI and Detection well-being. Additionally, AI increases the ability for
Robotics healthcare professionals to better understand the
day-to-day patterns and needs of the people they
End of
Diagnosis care for, and with that understanding they are able
Life Care
to provide better feedback, guidance and support
Treatment
Decision for staying healthy – although, as we have noted,
Making
the sheer volume of data is increasingly difficult for
humans to deal with, or make sense of.
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Keeping well
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the One of AI’s biggest potential benefits is to help people
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in stay healthy so they don’t need a doctor, or at least Artificial Intelligence and Consumer
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from not as often. The use of AI and the Internet of Medical Apps for keeping well
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot Things (IoMT) in consumer health applications
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is is already helping people to manage their own
Smart Performance Apparel offers real-time biometrics, personalised programming, and customised
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri healthcare and to keep themselves well through
reporting to help athletes reach their goals faster.
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, healthier living. For example, the Smart belt – welt
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by has aSamsung
built-in mechanism
Electronics thatoffers
alertsconsumers
the person devices such as smartwatches and activity trackers, as well
voice alone5. whenastheytheirovereat. It relies on a magnetic
Tizen open-source operatingsensor
system,to which gives users quick access to their mobile devices
trackandwaste
helpsize andtrack
them tension to determine
their fitness. when the
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
users may have over eaten and alerts the wearer.
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
Lumo
Further, IBM Lift
hasis announced three new consumer-
a posture monitoring device that alerts the person when their posture changes, thus
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare
providing the feedback necessary to Under
focused partnerships, one of which is with ensure correct posture whether sitting or standing.
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are
Armour who will use Watson to power a ‘cognitive
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. Under Armour will use IBM’s Watson to power a ‘cognitive coaching system’ in an application that
coaching system’.
provides customised advice for sleep, fitness, activity and nutrition. The insights originate from three
These applications
sources: and others
crunching (see Box-Out)
data from all
Under Armour’s 200 million-member Connected Fitness community,
Training Keeping encourage healthier behaviour in individuals and
external academic research studies and institutions, and IBM Watson similarity analytics. Under
Well
helpArmour
with thewill
proactive
be addingmanagement of a healthy
new capabilities including behavioural and performance management, food
Early lifestyle.
intakeIt puts consumers
tracking in control
and overall of health
nutrition and
management as well as the effects of weather and environment
Research
AI and Detection well-being. Additionally,
on training. AI increases the ability for
Robotics healthcare professionals to better understand the
Pathway
day-to-day Genomics
patterns is developing
and needs of the peoplean application
they that will provide customised health advice based on
End of
Diagnosis a user’s specific genetic makeup.
care for, and with that understanding they are able
Life Care
to provide better feedback, guidance and support
Treatment
Decision for staying healthy – although, as we have noted,
Making
the sheer volume of data is increasingly difficult for
humans to deal with, or make sense of.
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Early detection
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the AI is already being used to detect diseases, such as
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in cancer, more accurately and in their early stages. For AI and Wearables for
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from example, according to the American Cancer Society, early detection
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot 12.1 million mammograms are performed annually in
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is the US, but a high proportion of these mammograms
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri yield false results, leading to 1 in 2 healthy women
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, being told they have cancer. The use of AI is enabling
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by review and translation of mammograms 30 times
voice alone5. faster with 99% accuracy, reducing the need
for unnecessary biopsies as well as reducing the
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
uncertainty and stress of a misdiagnosis6.
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare The proliferation of consumer wearables and other
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are medical devices combined with AI is also being
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. applied to oversee early-stage heart disease, enabling
doctors and other caregivers to better monitor and
detect potentially life-threatening episodes at earlier,
Training Keeping more treatable stages.
Well
Early
On the horizon, Microsoft is developing computers
Research
AI and Detection programmed for use at a molecular level to start
fighting cancerous cells as soon as they are detected.
Robotics They are also doing research for using AI to interpret
End of
Diagnosis
online search engine behaviour, for example, at the
Life Care
point where someone might research symptoms
Decision online long before they approach their physician.
Treatment Making
4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as 6
Wired (2016). http://www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammograms
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.
What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Early detection
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the AI is already being used to detect diseases, such as
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in cancer, more accurately and in their early stages. For AI and Wearables for
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from example, according to the American Cancer Society, early detection
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot 12.1 million mammograms are performed annually in
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is the US, but a high proportion of these mammograms
Cyrcadia’s iTBraTM is a wearable vest being used to screen for the detection of breast cancer at
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri yield false results, leading to 1 in 2 healthy women
earlier stages.
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, being told they have cancer. The use of AI is enabling
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by review and translation of mammograms
CardioDiagnostics has developed30 times that is able to remotely monitor its wearer for heart
a device
voice alone5. faster with 99% accuracy,
irregularities reducing
and is used the need
to improve cardiac monitoring and rhythm management.
for unnecessary biopsies as well as reducing the
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
uncertainty and stress of a misdiagnosis6.
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare The proliferation of consumer wearables and other
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are medical devices combined with AI is also being
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. applied to oversee early-stage heart disease, enabling
doctors and other caregivers to better monitor and
detect potentially life-threatening episodes at earlier,
Training Keeping more treatable stages.
Well
Early
On the horizon, Microsoft is developing computers
Research
AI and Detection programmed for use at a molecular level to start
fighting cancerous cells as soon as they are detected.
Robotics They are also doing research for using AI to interpret
End of
Diagnosis
online search engine behaviour, for example, at the
Life Care
point where someone might research symptoms
Decision online long before they approach their physician.
Treatment Making
4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as 6
Wired (2016). http://www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammograms
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Diagnosis
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the It’s estimated that 80% of health data is invisible to
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in current systems because it’s unstructured7. IBM’s Google’s DeepMind
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Watson for Health uses cognitive technology to
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot help healthcare organisations unlock vast amounts
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is of health data and power diagnosis. Watson can
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri review and store far more medical information –
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, every medical journal, symptom, and case study
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by of treatment and response around the world –
voice alone5. exponentially faster than any human. And it doesn’t
just store data, it’s capable of finding meaning in
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
it. Unlike humans, its decisions are all evidence-
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
based and free of cognitive biases or overconfidence,
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare
enabling rapid analysis and vastly reducing – even
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are
eliminating – misdiagnosis.
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.
Google’s DeepMind Health is working in
partnership with clinicians, researchers and patients
Training Keeping to solve real-world healthcare problems. The
Well
technology combines machine learning and systems
Early neuroscience to build powerful general-purpose
Research
AI and Detection learning algorithms into neural networks that mimic
Robotics the human brain.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these 7
Healthcare Data Institute (2015). http://healthcaredatainstitute.
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as com/2015/02/18/big-unstructured-datas-contribution-to-healthcare/
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Diagnosis
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the It’s estimated that 80% of health data is invisible to
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in current systems because it’s unstructured7. IBM’s Google’s Deepmind
DeepMind
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Watson for Health uses cognitive technology to
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot help healthcare organisations unlock vast amounts
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is of health data and power diagnosis. Watson can
In 2016, Google’s DeepMind stunned the Go-playing world by beating 18-time world champion Lee
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri review and store far more medical information –
Se-dol, one of the highest ranked players in the world. It was the first time a computer programme
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, every medical journal, symptom, and case study
took on a professional player of this ancient Chinese board game, which has long been considered
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by of treatment and response around the world –
impossible for computers to play at the international professional level. It’s much more difficult than
voice alone5. exponentially faster than any human. And it doesn’t
other games like chess, even though the rules are relatively simple, because of the almost infinite
just store data, it’s capable of finding meaning in
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what number of possibilities and the high levels of intuition required of a world-class player. Deepmind’s
it. Unlike humans, its decisions are all evidence-
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower programme displayed game-winning creativity, in some cases finding moves that challenged millennia
based and free of cognitive biases or overconfidence,
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare of Go wisdom.
enabling rapid analysis and vastly reducing – even
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are
eliminating – misdiagnosis.
DeepMind Health began working with hospitals in the UK in 2016, searching for early signs of disease
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.
that lead to blindness and cancer, as well as developing new clinical mobile apps linked to electronic
Google’s DeepMind Health is working in
patient records.
partnership with clinicians, researchers and patients
Training Keeping to solve real-world healthcare problems. The
Well
technology combines machine learning and systems
Early neuroscience to build powerful general-purpose
Research
AI and Detection learning algorithms into neural networks that mimic
Robotics the human brain.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these 7
Healthcare Data Institute (2015). http://healthcaredatainstitute.
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as com/2015/02/18/big-unstructured-datas-contribution-to-healthcare/
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Decision-making
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Improving care requires the alignment of broad base
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in data analysis with appropriate and timely decisions, AI and analytics platforms
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from and predictive analytics can support clinical decision- for decision-making
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot making and actions as well as prioritise tasks.
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri Using the system dynamics driven pattern
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, recognition to identify patients at risk of developing
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by a condition – or seeing it deteriorate due to lifestyle,
voice alone5. environmental, genomic, or other factors – is another
area where AI is beginning to take hold in healthcare.
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what For example, in an extension and application of
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower AI, PwC’s Bodylogical™ captures learnings in
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare mechanistic modeling to digitally represent the
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are physiology of the human body. This enables true-
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. life simulations to predict the likely progression
of chronic diseases in the future based on today’s
actions and interventions. These simulations help
Training Keeping pharmaceutical companies, providers, payers,
Well
employers, researchers and consumers better
Early understand how daily life choices and therapeutics
Research
AI and Detection impact individual patients or population health
Robotics outcomes and associated costs.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Decision-making
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Improving care requires the alignment of broad base
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in data analysis with appropriate and timely decisions, AI and analytics platforms
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from and predictive analytics can support clinical decision- for decision-making
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot making and actions as well as prioritise tasks.
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is
Using Quest Diagnostics’
the system dynamicsQuanum platform is an integrated suite of healthcare information technology
driven pattern
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri
and predictive
recognition analytics
to identify tools
patients that
at risk ofanalyses
developingpatient test data together with their medical data to help
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,
primary–care
a condition physicians
or seeing identifydue
it deteriorate patients with early onset memory loss and dementia.
to lifestyle,
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by
voice alone5. environmental, genomic, or other factors – is another
VitreosHealth has developed a predictive analytics platform that identifies people whose health is
area where AI is beginning to take hold in healthcare.
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what most likely to deteriorate and implements change protocols to prevent catastrophic health events.
For example, in an extension and application of
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower AI, PwC’s Bodylogical™ captures learnings in
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare mechanistic modeling to digitally represent the
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are physiology of the human body. This enables true-
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. life simulations to predict the likely progression
of chronic diseases in the future based on today’s
actions and interventions. These simulations help
Training Keeping pharmaceutical companies, providers, payers,
Well
employers, researchers and consumers better
Early understand how daily life choices and therapeutics
Research
AI and Detection impact individual patients or population health
Robotics outcomes and associated costs.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Treatment
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Beyond scanning health records to help providers
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in identify chronically ill individuals who may be at Treatment
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from risk of an adverse episode, AI can help clinicians
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot take a more comprehensive approach for disease
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is management, better coordinate care plans and
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri help patients to better manage and comply with
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, their long-term treatment programmes. AiCure
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by has built an application to monitor patients with
voice alone5. long-term conditions and help them adhere to
medication intake. The application uses a visual
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
recognition system to identify the patient’s face, the
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
medication they’re taking, and confirm ingestion.
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare
The data is then sent back to the care provider or to a
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are
pharmaceutical company conducting a clinical trial.
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.
Robots have been used in medicine for more than
30 years. From the first programmable universal
Training Keeping machine for assembly (PUMA), used in urology
Well
surgery in the 1980s, to the da Vinci robot, the most
Early widely used robotic system in clinical use today,
Research
AI and Detection robots have developed to perform a wide range
Robotics of tasks and functions. They range from simple
laboratory robots to highly complex surgical robots
End of
Diagnosis that can either aid a human surgeon or execute
Life Care
operations by themselves. In addition to surgery,
Treatment
Decision they’re used in hospitals and labs for repetitive
Making
tasks, in rehabilitation, physical therapy and in
support of those with long-term conditions. RoBear
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range is a nursing-care robot that is able to lift and move 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
patients in and out of bed into a wheelchair, help 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these those who need assistance to stand, and even turn http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as patients in bed to prevent bedsores. people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Treatment
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Beyond scanning health records to help providers
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in identify chronically ill individuals who may be at Treatment
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from risk of an adverse episode, AI can help clinicians
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot take a more comprehensive approach for disease
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is management, better coordinate care plans and
AI
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri Robotics
help patients to better manage and comply with
processes two billion
Innovaccer’s AI natural-language requests a week
Assisted Care Coordination
4
,
Platform theirpersistent
addresses long-term treatment programmes.
KASPAR AiCure humanoid robot designed to help teachers and parents
is a child-sized
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by has
issues in care and connectivity, and assures adherence to care plans by trackingbuilt an application to monitor patients
support children with with
autism.
alone . and staying updated on post-acute patient needs. long-term conditions and help them adhere to
voicedeviations
5
medication intake. TheGiraffapplication uses a communication
is a mobile visual robot that facilitates a chronically ill patients’
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what
Sentrian is a remote patient intelligence service provider that delivers recognition system to identify
integrated contactthewithpatient’s face, the
the outside world. It is remote-controlled, on wheels, and has a
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower
remote patient monitoring and analytics to health plan members with complexmedication they’re taking, and confirm
camera and monitor. ingestion.
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare
pulmonary diseases. The data is then sent back to the care provider or to a
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are Bestic is a robotic-assisted
pharmaceutical company conducting a clinical trial. dining appliance for people who are unable to move
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.
Royal Philips delivers remote care options to proactively help patients at home. their arms or hands.
The services are powered by data analytics and connected sensors Robots have been used in medicine for more than
enabling
24/7 monitoring and delivery of an ongoing stream of monitoring data to From
30 years. the firstToyota
a remote has created
programmable four robots that enable immobilized patients to walk or balance.
universal
home-careTraining
team. Keeping machine for assembly (PUMA), used in urology
surgery in the 1980s, toXenex
the da robots disinfect hospital facilities using UV light, destroying microorganisms
Well
Vinci robot, the most
Google DeepMind is partnering with the University Early College London
widely used robotic system in clinical use today, hospital acquired infections (HAIs).
Hospitals’ that can be the cause of
Research
radiotherapy AI and
department. DeepMind willDetection
test the use of AI and machine
robots havelearning to to perform a wide range
developed
Aethon’s TUG robots automate the delivery and transportation of the immense
reduce the time it takes to plan radiotherapy treatment for hard-to-treat cancers of They
Robotics of tasks and functions. range from simple
amount of materials – including food, laundry and prescriptions – that move
the head and neck. laboratory robots to highly complex surgical robots
through a hospital every day, freeing staff to focus on patient care.
End of
Diagnosis that can either aid a human surgeon or execute
IBM’s Watson for Oncology gives treatment recommendationsoperations
Life Care based on by patients’
themselves. In addition to surgery,
Veebot is a robot that can draw blood faster and more safely than a human.
medical records and is now being used
Decision
around the world, including 21
they’re hospitals
used in hospitals and labs for repetitive
across China Treatment
and in Thailand and India.
Making
tasks, in rehabilitation, physical therapy and in
support of those with long-term conditions. RoBear
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range is a nursing-care robot that is able to lift and move The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
4
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
patients in and out of bed into a wheelchair, help
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
5
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these those who need assistance to stand, and even turn http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as patients in bed to prevent bedsores. people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
End of life care
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the We are living much longer than previous generations,
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in and as we approach the end of life, we are dying End of life care
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from in a different and slower way, from conditions like
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot dementia, heart failure and osteoporosis. It is also a
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is phase of life that is often plagued by loneliness.
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, Robots have the potential to revolutionise end of
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by life care, helping people to remain independent
voice alone5. for longer, reducing the need for hospitalisation,
caregivers and care homes by performing routine
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what tasks such as taking vital signs and prompting for
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower medication. AI combined with the advancements
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare in humanoid design are enabling robots to go even
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are further and have ‘conversations’ and other social
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. interactions with the people that keep ageing minds
sharp and solves problems of loneliness and isolation.
Kompai robots talk, understand speech, remind
Training Keeping people of meetings, keep track of shopping lists and
Well
play music. Developed to assist the elderly in their
Early own homes, they are able to monitor for falls and
Research
AI and Detection other health parameters, provide alerts, and connect
Robotics via video-conference with healthcare providers as
well as with friends and family.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
End of life care
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the We are living much longer than previous generations,
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in and as we approach the end of life, we are dying End of life care
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from in a different and slower way, from conditions like
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot dementia, heart failure and osteoporosis. It is also a
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is phase of life that is often plagued by loneliness.
Paro Therapeutic Robots are advanced interactive robots that enable the documented benefits of
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri
Robotsanimal
havetherapy to be to
the potential administered
revolutionisetoend
patients
of in environments such as hospitals and extended care
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,
facilities
life care, where
helping live to
people animals
remainpresent treatment or logistical difficulties. They’ve been found to reduce
independent
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by
stress, stimulate interaction and improve
for longer, reducing the need for hospitalisation, socialisation.
voice alone5.
caregivers and care homes by performing routine
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what Robot Era is developing robots that move around on wheels but have a friendly humanoid face. The
tasks such as taking vital signs and prompting for
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower robot’s sensors and cameras are used to gather and analyse real-time data which is then sent to
medication. AI combined with the advancements
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare the cloud wirelessly where algorithms extrapolate such advanced information as whether someone
in humanoid design are enabling robots to go even
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are is showing signs of dementia. They can also remind the elderly about daily tasks and important
further and have ‘conversations’ and other social
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. information, and track conditions over time.
interactions with the people that keep ageing minds
sharp and Robotics
Zora solves problems of loneliness
is building and into
AI software isolation.
Zora Bots that have patient-facing roles in hospitals and
Kompai robots talk, understand speech, remind
are training humanoid robots to hold conversations with the elderly.
Training Keeping people of meetings, keep track of shopping lists and
Well
play music. Developed to assist the elderly in their
Early own homes, they are able to monitor for falls and
Research
AI and Detection other health parameters, provide alerts, and connect
Robotics via video-conference with healthcare providers as
well as with friends and family.
End of
Life Care Diagnosis
Decision
Treatment Making
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range 4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Research
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Each and every one of us has most likely taken a However, medical research is not just about finding
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in medication prescribed by our doctors for a symptom or new drugs to combat disease. It also includes research
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from illness at some point in our lives. Those with chronic into disease itself, with the ultimate goal being to
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot diseases often depend upon medication to manage what inoculate against or completely eliminate disease. Meta
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is might otherwise be debilitating diseases. But the path is a Canadian start-up that uses AI to quickly read and
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri from research lab to patient is a long and costly one. comprehend scientific papers and then provide insights
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, to researchers; it was bought by the Chan Zuckerberg
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by According to the California Biomedical Research Initiative in January 2017 as part of the charitable
voice alone5. Association, it takes an average of 12 years for a drug foundation’s mission to eradicate disease.
to travel from the research lab to the patient. Only
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what five in 5,000, or .1%, of the drugs that begin
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower pre-clinical testing ever make it to human testing Research
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare and just one of these five is ever approved for
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are human usage. Furthermore, on average, it will cost
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. a company US $359 million to develop a new drug
from the research lab to the patient8.
Training Keeping Drug research and discovery is one of the more
Well recent applications for AI in healthcare. By directing
Early
the latest advances in AI to streamline the drug
Research
AI and Detection discovery and drug repurposing processes there is
the potential to significantly cut both the time to
Robotics market for new drugs and their costs, not only for
End of
Diagnosis
the labs who develop the drugs, but for those people
Life Care
whose health depends upon them. Pharma.AI is
Decision the Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence division of
Treatment Making Insilico Medicine, a bioinformatics company located
4
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
at the Emerging Technology Centers at the Johns https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range Hopkins University, launched in March 2016. They 5
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- focus on drug discovery programmes for cancer, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other ageing and 8
California Biomedical Research Association. New Drug Development Process.
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as age‑related health issues. http://www.ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/CBRADrugDevelop.pdf
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.What doctor?
Why AI and robotics will define New Health
Introduction Transforming Investment Findings Conclusion References About Contacts
Keeping well Early Detection Diagnosis Decision-making Treatment End of life care Research Training
No longer science fiction, AI and robotics
are transforming healthcare
Research
Most of us are barely aware of it, but AI is already a part of
our lives – it’s in our cars, telling us when it’s time for the Each and every one of us has most likely taken a However, medical research is not just about finding
engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns; it’s in medication prescribed by our doctors for a symptom or new drugs to combat disease. It also includes research
our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from illness at some point in our lives. Those with chronic into disease itself, with the ultimate goal being to
Amazon that follow us around on the web; it’s the chatbot diseases often depend upon medication to manage what inoculate against or completely eliminate disease. Meta
on the end of the telephone in call service centres. AI is might otherwise be debilitating diseases. But the path is a Canadian start-up that uses AI to quickly read and
becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it: Apple’s Siri from research lab to patient is a long and costly one. comprehend scientific papers and then provide insights
processes two billion natural-language requests a week4, to researchers; it was bought by the Chan Zuckerberg
and 20% of requests on Android phones are made by According to the California Biomedical Research Initiative in January 2017 as part of the charitable
voice alone5. Association, it takes an average of 12 years for a drug foundation’s mission to eradicate disease.
to travel from the research lab to the patient. Only
AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what five in 5,000, or .1%, of the drugs that begin
humans do but more efficiently, more quickly and at a lower pre-clinical testing ever make it to human testing Research
cost. The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare and just one of these five is ever approved for
is vast. Just like in our everyday lives, AI and robotics are human usage. Furthermore, on average, it will cost
increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem. a company US $359 million to develop a new drug
The Japanese Government has entered into a public-private alliance to develop a self-learning AI
from the research lab to the patient8.
at the government-affiliated National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition. The
Training Keeping Drugpartnership
research andwill support isresearchers
discovery in streamlining the development of new drugs in order to boost
one of the more
Well theapplications
recent nation’s competitive advantage.
for AI in healthcare. By directing
the latest advances in AI to streamline the drug
Early BERG Health, a startup that uses an AI platform for drug discovery, initiated a phase II clinical trial in
Research
AI and Detection discovery and drug repurposing processes there is
2016 for a drug compound that could potentially treat pancreatic cancer.
the potential to significantly cut both the time to
Robotics market for new drugs
Atomwise foundandtwotheir costs,
existing not only
drugs for
– reportedly in one day using its AI technology – that may also
End of
Diagnosis
the labs who develop the drugs,
work against the Ebola virus. but for those people
Life Care
whose health depends upon them. Pharma.AI is
Decision the Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence division of
Treatment Making Insilico Medicine, a bioinformatics company located
The Ringer (2016). How Siri Got Left Behind.
4
at the Emerging Technology Centers at the Johns https://theringer.com/amp/p/2ffc86fe5dfa
Throughout this section of the report, we highlight a range Hopkins University, launched in March 2016. They The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing.
5
of products and existing or emerging technology in side- focus on drug discovery programmes for cancer, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21713836-casting-magic-spell-it-lets-
people-control-world-through-words-alone-how-voice
bars or boxes that we’ve found during our research for these Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other ageing and California Biomedical Research Association. New Drug Development Process.
8
eight areas. It is extraordinary, and hard to keep up with as age‑related health issues. http://www.ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/CBRADrugDevelop.pdf
new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.You can also read
