WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA'S RAINFORESTS - EARTHWATCH 2018
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EARTHWATCH 2018
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S
RAINFORESTS
DEAR EARTHWATCHER, Welcome to the Wildlife of Australia’s Rainforest expedition! You are about to begin a journey of discovery in the fascinating tropical rainforest environment of North Queensland, Australia. The global significance of these rainforests is recognized by their complete protection as a World Heritage Area. The expedition you are about to join will give you insight into the fragile nature of rainforest ecosystems, and hopefully will also give you an appreciation of their importance and an awareness of the threats our rainforests face with respect to global climate change. Earth is warming up. Much of this warming can be attributed to the high levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. Our early research examining the predicted impacts of global warming on the endemic vertebrates of the Australian tropical rainforests suggest that climate change could bring about catastrophic extinctions in the Queensland Wet Tropics, and by implication, in mountain systems around the world. For example, using an average prediction for climate change, 60% of rainforest species could become endangered or critically endangered during the course of this century. The situation for the 93 species of vertebrates that are found here and nowhere else in the world is even bleaker: 30% are likely to become extinct in the same time period. We now face the inevitability of some degree of climate change and it is vital that we prioritize ongoing research and management efforts to meet this challenge. We need to determine which species, habitats and ecosystems will be most vulnerable, exactly what aspects of their ecological and evolutionary biology determines their vulnerability and what we can do to manage this vulnerability and minimize the realized impacts. As a participant, your help is essential to collect vital data which will be used to build a better understanding of the effects of climate change on this fragile habitat, and to give us the knowledge to help minimize these impacts. And as you work, you might get lucky and see a rare tree kangaroo hop through camp, or spot a snake basking on the roadside. Many of the animals are shy and difficult to observe, but others are naturally curious and if you sit still for long enough may come within feet of you. We look forward to greeting you here and to sharing our knowledge and enthusiasm. We hope that you will have a rewarding and inspiring experience. Best Wishes, Prof. Steve Williams Earthwatch scientist
TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION................................ 2 TRIP PLANNER................................................ 3 THE RESEARCH............................................... 4 DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD................................ 6 ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD....................... 8 PROJECT CONDITIONS.................................. 10 SAFETY......................................................... 12 TRAVEL TIPS................................................. 14 EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST.............. 16 PROJECT STAFF............................................ 18 RECOMMENDED READING............................ 19 EMERGENCY NUMBERS................................ 22 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFOREST
EARTHWATCH SCIENTIST EXPEDITION DATES
Prof. Stephen E. Williams, Centre for Tropical Biodiversity Team 1a: Mar. 18–Mar. 24, 2018 (7 days)
and Climate Change, James Cook University Team 2: Jun. 3–Jun. 17, 2018 (15 days*)
RESEARCH SITE Team 2a: Jun. 3–Jun. 9, 2018 (7 days)
Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, North Queensland Team 3: Sep. 30–Oct. 14, 2018 (15 days*)
RENDEZVOUS LOCATION Team 3a: Sep. 30–Oct. 6, 2018 (7 days)
Cairns International Airport, North Queensland *This team requires a minimum of 5 participants. If there
are not enough individuals registered for the team, you will
RENDEZVOUS TIME: 12:30 p.m.
be transferred to the shorter duration team (7 days) instead.
DEPARTURE TIME FOR ALL TEAMS: After 2:00 p.m.
SEE THE TRAVEL PLANNING SECTION
FOR MORE INFORMATION.
2 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018
TRIP PLANNER
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFOREST
TRIP PLANNER
IMMEDIATELY 60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION
q Make sure you understand and agree to qM
ake sure you have all the necessary vaccinations for
Earthwatch’s Terms and Conditions and the your project site.
Participant Code of Conduct. qR
eview the Packing Checklist to make sure you have all
q If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, the clothing, personal supplies and equipment needed.
note that some policies require purchase when your
expedition is booked. 30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION
90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION qL
eave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with
a relative or friend.
q Log in at earthwatch.org to complete your
qL
eave copies of your passport, visa, and airline tickets
volunteer forms.
with a relative or friend.
q Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition.
q Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning
section for details).
q If traveling internationally, make sure your passport
is current and, if necessary, obtain a visa for your
destination country.
READ THIS EXPEDITION BRIEFING THOROUGHLY. It provides the most accurate information available
at the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have
about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you
may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable
factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest,
remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult
situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make
every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 3
THE RESEARCH
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFOREST
THE STORY
Rainforests in the Wet Tropics bioregion were listed as a The significance of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change
World Heritage Area in 1988 primarily because of their high on biodiversity is recognized now throughout the world. This
biodiversity of species unique to the region. Although the area project addresses recognized priorities for research, and the
of rainforest within the region is small on a global scale (around results of this research continue to have a huge influence on
10,000 square kilometers), there are 83 species of rainforest policies at all levels of management and government. Our
vertebrates that are regionally endemic. Most of these endemic long-term monitoring sites in the Wet Tropics range from the
species are likely adapted to a cool environment, which leaves coastal lowlands of the Daintree Rainforest to the cool
them particularly vulnerable to climate change. mountaintop rainforests of the Bellenden Ker Range.
Earthwatch teams will concentrate on intensive sampling over
Globally, average temperatures have already risen
an altitudinal gradient in two of our long-term monitoring sites.
approximately 0.8°C / 33.44°F and are continuing to increase.
Over the rest of this century, Earth is expected to experience an
increase in average temperature of 2 to 6°C (35.6–42.8°F), RESEARCH AIMS
combined with large increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide We aim to illustrate the complex impacts associated with
concentrations and significant changes in rainfall patterns. global climate change to allow more accurate predictions of
Although predictions about the effects of rainfall patterns are how global warming will affect individual species, biodiversity,
more uncertain, it is widely expected that rainfall variability and ecosystem processes, and the possible location and size of
dry season severity will increase in northern Australia. That is, remaining refuges. This information may help alleviate the
rainfall will be more variable from month to month with longer problems by protecting refuges and movement paths to these
dry spells and possibly with increased frequency of disturbance refuges, minimizing human impacts, and instigating active
events such as flooding rains and cyclones. management for individual species. Researchers must collect
this detailed information on the factors affecting distributions
now in order to preserve the unique biota of the Wet Tropics.
4 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018
Specifically, the project aims to: HOW YOU WILL HELP
• Survey established sites across altitudinal and latitudinal Gathering all the necessary data to achieve this project
gradients in the region to obtain empirical measurements requires people power, which is where you come in. You’ll help
on distribution and abundance of selected vertebrate, with all aspects of the fieldwork. Two to four participants at a
invertebrate, and plant groups over the gradients most time will assist on each of the sampling activities, for which a
likely to be affected by climate change. variety of techniques are used depending on the needs of the
project. These vary each trip and may include surveys for birds,
• E stablish long-term monitoring sites in key areas where
reptiles, arboreal mammals, microhylid frogs, ants and a suite
global climate change is predicted to have initial impacts.
of environmental and habitat features. Tasks may include, but
• Produce accurate, robust models explaining spatial patterns are not limited to:
of distribution and abundance of Wet Tropics rainforest
vertebrates and many species of insects and plants. • Taking environmental measurements
(e.g. temperature and humidity).
• Predict the spatial extent and severity of global warming
on individual species and the biodiversity values of the • A ssisting a staff member on bird transects.
region using predictive models based on both field data • Searching for reptiles (mostly litter skinks).
and experimental data. • Survey and sorting.
• Quantify the level of threat to both species and • Conducting nighttime spotlighting and frog surveys.
geographic areas.
• Collecting invertebrates.
• Produce recommendations aimed at maximizing the
preservation of the regional fauna under greenhouse • Taking measurements of habitat and vegetation.
conditions by defining refugial areas, corridors of connectivity • Downloading environmental data from microclimate
between present distributions and future refuges and data loggers.
prioritizing species and areas on the basis of range stability
Field groups will consist of one local expert engaged in full-time
and resilience to the effects of global warming.
research in the region and a maximum of four participants for
• Provide baseline field data to other associated research each activity, allowing three activities to be conducted at a time.
projects within the Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and The activities will take place at almost all times of the day,
Climate Change research (CTBCC) and the Queensland starting with dawn bird surveys and continuing right through to
Regional Initiative. late-night spotlighting and frog surveys. Most activities will take
• Make conservation recommendations for long-term between two and four hours each.
preservation of the tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics. Groups will engage in a variety of activities over a typical day,
In addition to the outcomes associated with predicting the and you’ll rotate through these activities to maximize your
effects of global warming, this project addresses many experience and learning opportunities. We will arrange rotations
fundamental issues of the macro ecology and conservation to minimize excessive fatigue as much as possible; for example,
biology of the Wet Tropics vertebrates, including: those engaged in late-night activities will not usually do dawn
bird surveys the next day. There should be plenty of time for
• A bundance and range size relationships. extra experience in any particular activity that interests you.
• Determinants of abundance, distribution, and biodiversity.
• Relationships between habitat structure and assemblage
structure.
• Effects of biotic interactions on realized and potential
distributions.
• Interaction between these processes and spatial scale.
The results will have many uses in conservation planning and
sustainable management of the natural resources of the region
and tropical ecosystems around the world.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 5
DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD
PLANS FOR YOUR TEAM
On arrival, we’ll have lectures and training sessions to orient
you to the general biogeography, flora and fauna of the region.
Another talk will be given on the “dos and don’ts” of rainforest
fieldwork, including the most likely hazards and ways to avoid
and/or deal with them. All participants will be trained in a v
ariety of field skills and survey techniques.
Demonstrations will be given on each separate activity
in the field prior to commencement of that technique.
These will include:
• Bird surveys.
• Lizard surveys and morphological measurement and
temperature preference experiments.
• Nocturnal spotlighting (e.g. possums, tree kangaroos, frogs,
owls, and geckos).
• Microhylid frog surveys (wet season only).
• The use of a variety of scientific instruments important to the
study (e.g. data loggers for air and soil temperature).
• A variety of other field activities depending on student projects.
These vary for each trip.
Additional talks will be given on the major patterns of
biodiversity in the region, various threats to this biodiversity
and a thorough description of climate change and impacts.
There are also many opportunities during each day for
recreational time, when you can swim in a beautiful
freshwater creek or waterfall or just relax.
EARTHWATCH RECREATIONAL TIME POLICY
Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational days,
when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a range of recreational
activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project accommodations. Those who pursue
other options must sign a release form.
If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants may
leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not search for a
participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research activity.
Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee participant safety
or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have to stay at the project site
during recreational time, which will be clearly communicated on site.
6 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018
ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE
Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the
TYPICAL DAY IN THE FIELD
daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and
understanding. A typical day of full sampling will involve getting up before
dawn (for people doing bird surveys that morning), having a
quick breakfast and hot drink, and then going to a site to
ITINERARY spend about two hours conducting bird surveys. Other
DAY 1 Rendezvous in Cairns and travel to camp; participants will get up a bit later, have breakfast, and
set up camp; talks on safety, logistics, prepare equipment for the day’s activities. The team will
and sampling techniques. then have a break for morning tea. Some groups will do
DAY 2–6 Sampling activities. reptile surveys for about three hours in the middle of the
DAY 7 Morning sampling activities, pack up day, then measure the lizards and return them to the sites
camp. Departure for Cairns. where they were caught. Other activities during the day may
include sampling for ants, examining the microhabitats of
DAY 8 Free day in Cairns—if you wish to undertake
(for participants recreational activities, you need to sign frogs in the leaf litter; downloading data loggers when
booked on Team
an Earthwatch Recreational Activity necessary and measuring the animals caught that day.
2 and 3)
Release form (meals and accommodation Generally, mid to late afternoons are unscheduled, so you
are included for night 7 and 8). can rest or swim before dinner preparation. After dinner,
DAY 9 Travel to next camp; set up camp; talks one to three groups will go spotlighting for mammals,
(for participants on safety, logistics and sampling. geckos, and microhylid frogs. The remaining team
booked on Team members get to relax and have an early night.
2 and 3)
DAY 10–14 Sampling activities. TIME OF DAY ACTIVITY
(for participants
booked on Team
Predawn Bird survey*, Breakfast, Reptile survey
2 and 3) 1:00 p.m. Lunch, Research activities or free time
DAY 15 Pack up camp, departure for Cairns. 6:00 p.m. Dinner
(for participants
booked on Team Dusk to late night Spotlighting*
2 and 3)
*P articipants will alternate between the bird survey and
spotlighting to reduce tiredness.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 7
ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD
ABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD
ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD
Teams may spend their time split between either South CAMPSITE ALTERNATIVES FOR BAD WEATHER
Johnstone Forestry Camp, Noah Beach in the Daintree, the Weather conditions in far north Queensland are normally fairly
Mt. Windsor Tablelands, Shipton’s Flat Camp or the Lamb stable with hot and humid summers and milder, drier winters.
Ranges (depending on Prof. Stephen Williams’ research needs). However, the climate is monsoonal and there may be instances
Earthwatch will make every attempt to inform you of which sites where it is necessary for us to make last-minute changes and
will be visited on your expedition in advance. Please inquire with choose to stay at an alternate camp and sampling site. In this
our offices if there is a specific site you wish to visit. case, possible alternate campsites are either Kingfisher Lodge
for sampling in the Mossman Gorge and the rainforests of Mt.
SOUTH JOHNSTONE FORESTRY CAMP
Lewis, or Lamb Range Camp for sampling in the rainforests of
The South Johnstone campsite has facilities that include toilets
Mt. Edith.
and a small building used as a kitchen and storeroom. It also
has three covered tables that provide refuge from wet weather KINGFISHER LODGE
and shelter for some of our activities, such as leaf litter sifting, This campground sits at the base of the Carbine range and is a
insect sorting and reptile measuring. There is a beautiful creek beautiful spot for bird watching and central to many of the sites
running past the campground with fresh, clear water, which is in the area. It has a large shelter area with good kitchen facilities
perfect for swimming. In the wet season the flow can be fairly and electricity and a laundry area with a washer and a drier.
fast in places, but not dangerously so, and swimming will be There is hot and cold running water and a proper toilet and
possible year round. shower block. Occasionally the team may choose to camp in the
rainforest at a higher elevation. This camp will be much more
SHIPTON’S FLAT CAMP
basic (e.g., there will be a shared chemical toilet) but will enable
Our camp in Shipton’s Flat is situated in a lush and shady setting
concentration of the project sampling at the higher altitude sites
along a creek about 15 minutes from the 260-million-year-old
which would be unreachable from Kingfisher Lodge.
Black Mountain. We will stay in tents on unpowered sites but we
will have access to a composting toilet, a sheltered area and the LAMB RANGE CAMP
creek to relax and cool off in. The area is highly significant and As the name suggests, the Lamb Range camp is situated in the
belongs to the traditional owners of Shipton’s Flat. It boasts an foothills of the Lamb Range at the northern edge of the Atherton
amazing variety of birds and wildlife so have your camera ready. Tableland. Facilities will be minimal, but a flushing toilet, cold
You never know, you might be lucky enough to spot a Bennett’s shower, and drinkable water will be available. The camp is
tree kangaroo hopping through our camp. located on Lake Tinaroo, which will provide beautiful scenery
and opportunities to swim and observe wildlife, including a wide
MT. WINDSOR NATIONAL PARK
variety of water birds.
Mt. Windsor National Park, Queensland, is about 48 kms.
northwest of Mossman and is largely closed to the general
public. We will stay in tents on unpowered sites but the rangers
kindly let us use the old Barracks for cooking and storing gear.
The tank water allows for flushable toilets and the cool creek is
wonderful to cool off in after a day in the field. You may even be
lucky enough to spot a platypus in the creek or a northern quoll
while surveying this beautiful part of the region.
DAINTREE: NOAH BEACH
The Noah Beach campsite is set in a picturesque region of the
coastal lowlands. We will stay in tents on unpowered sites, with
access to BioCycle toilets. Stunning views of rainforest and
beach surround us here. We also visit nearby swimming holes
with fresh, clear water and pullover for cassowary that we
occasionally spot beside the road.
8 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018SLEEPING FOOD
At all campsites, all staff and participants will be sleeping in A wide variety of fresh foods will be available throughout the
tents, with one person per tent. These are supplied by the expedition. Participants will assist with meal preparation and
project. You are welcome to bring your own if you prefer, but clean up on a rotational basis.
please bring only a small, lightweight tent for ease of
transportation to the camp. If you bring your own tent make sure Below are examples of the foods you might expect in the field.
it is very waterproof; it is almost certain that you will experience Variety depends on availability. This list provides a general idea
some rain, sometimes heavy and consistent. The project will of food types, but please be flexible.
have additional small waterproof tarpaulins to provide extra
waterproofing for tents if necessary. Bring a reasonably warm
TYPICAL MEALS
sleeping bag and sleeping mat. Thermarests are supplied by the BREAKFAST Cereal, toast, fruit, and occasional
project, but you may wish to bring your own for extra comfort. pastries
Wet weather can make camping less pleasant, but with a dry LUNCH Bread, cold meats, canned tuna, cheese,
tent, dry clothes, and good food and company it won’t be too fresh salad ingredients, fruit
arduous. Participants on Team 2 and 3 will have the opportunity DINNER Stir-fries, curries, casseroles, pasta,
to do laundry and restock on toiletries during their stopover in barbecues, fresh vegetables, meats
Cairns halfway through the expedition. SNACKS Simple desserts typically available;
additional snacks, fruit, nuts, biscuits,
BATHROOMS cheese and crackers, etc. provided
For the majority of the project duration there will be no during the day and at morning and
afternoon teas
electricity or hot showers available, but the project can provide
basins and a bush shower, and there will be plenty of WATER Potable creek water at the South
opportunities to swim in rainforest creeks. Johnstone campsite; tap water available
everywhere else; bottled water available
for purchase at your own expense
ELECTRICITY
OTHER BEVERAGES Coffee, tea, and other decaffeinated
None of the sites have electricity.
beverages always available
We recommend that you bring
spare batteries for all your
SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTS
electronic equipment.
Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements
INTERNET AND COMMUNICATIONS (e.g., vegetarian or vegan diets, diabetes, lactose intolerance,
nut or other serious food allergies) as soon as possible, and
Only the site in Cairns has Internet access, which is free
note them in the space provided on your participant forms.
of charge.
Accommodating special diets is not guaranteed and can be
very difficult due to availability of food, location of field sites,
FACILITIES AND AMENITIES and other local conditions.
All campsites are situated in remote areas. They are not
close to any towns or any facilities or amenities to buy food
or do laundry, etc.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 9PROJECT CONDITIONS
THE FIELD ENVIRONMENT
The information provided is as accurate as possible, but please ESSENTIAL ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS:
keep in mind that once in the field conditions may change. All participants must be able to:
The altitude of the research area ranges from sea level to 1,400 • Enjoy being outdoors all day in all types of weather,
meters/4,593 feet. During winter (May–July) and spring (August– in the potential presence of wild animals and insects.
October) mean minimum (night time) temperatures are around
10°C/50°F in most areas. While winter and autumn are generally • Tolerate 30°C (85°F) heat and high humidity levels.
very mild in the Wet Tropics, the project’s sampling often occurs • Traverse up and down sloped, slippery, uneven terrain
at higher altitude and thus can be colder than the average for the and could involve walking and finding a path through thick
region. Autumn temperatures (February–April) climb to around rainforest with vines, gullies, and fallen trees. You’ll walk
35°C/95°F and higher, and depending on the month, it can be dry between two to 10 kilometers per day, although not
(September-November) or humid (December–March). February all at once.
and May will be warm with high humidity and rain (and good • Adapt to irregular working hours (early mornings,
sampling conditions for animals), and October will usually be dry late nights, etc.).
and warm (generally lots of animals around and the breeding
• Carry personal daily supplies such as lunch, water,
season is in full swing). October is considered the dry season,
and some small field equipment.
and thus peak tourist season; however, this does not mean that
there can’t still be significant rain during this period. Rainfall • Move through forests at night while being able to identify
varies widely across the region and from year to year, with an and avoid obstacles.
average of approximately 200 centimeters/79 inches per year. • Get low enough to access and check on the ground and
in the brush.
GENERAL CONDITIONS • Climb into a minibus and ride, seated with seatbelt fastened,
Conditions are expected to vary within the limits below: for a total of about five hours on a potentially rough dirt road.
CONDITIONS MARCH JUNE OCTOBER • Function without a consistent source of electricity. Generators
DURING
will not always run throughout the night; therefore, the project
Mean 69–78% 61–74% 57–65% cannot accommodate electrical devices (i.e. a C-PAP machine).
Humidity
Mean 24–32° C 18–26° C 21–30° C
Temperature /75.2–89.6° F /64.4–78.8° F /69.8–86° F
Range
Mean Rainfall 448.9mm 47.4mm 46.5mm /0.15f
/1.47ft /0.16ft
10 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018POTENTIAL HAZARDS
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFOREST
HAZARD TYPE ASSOCIATED RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS
Transportation Most roads in the research area are dirt and some are in poor condition and very bumpy. Slippery and muddy
roads increase the risk of vehicle accidents and getting stuck during the wet season. The team will use four-
wheel-drive vehicles with winches operated by experienced drivers. Vehicles are fitted with UHF radios, a
satellite phone, first-aid kits, airbags, and a fire extinguisher. Project staff will transport you to/from Cairns.
Seatbelts must be worn at all times. Drivers will obey all road rules.
Walking/Hiking/ Sprains, strains, breaks, fractures, etc. can result from walking over uneven, steep, and muddy terrain; through
Climbing dense vegetation and tangled undergrowth; and over fallen trees and branches. Choose your path very carefully
in the forest and wear boots that support your ankles.
Animals/Plants There are a number of annoying invertebrates, such as leeches, ticks, mites, mosquitoes, spiders, wasps, bees,
and March flies. These can mostly be avoided by being aware of your surroundings, tucking pants into socks,
applying insect repellent, and not sitting on logs or leaf litter. Participants with allergies to insects should come
prepared with the necessary treatment (at least two Epi-Pens, antihistamines, etc.) and inform project staff of
your allergies. Participants are encouraged to check themselves for leeches regularly. While snakes are present
near the project sites, encounters are uncommon. The most common snakes are tree snakes and pythons; both
are harmless. While poisonous snakes are very rare, all snakes should be treated as venomous as it requires
skilled identification to tell otherwise. First aid for venomous snakes will be available and Australia leads the
world in snakebite treatment. Keep tent doors closed at all times.
There is a plant called the “stinging tree” that on contact will give a very painful sting. It is not dangerous unless
there is an extreme allergic reaction but it is very painful and should be avoided. While the pain lasts for a few
hours, sudden changes in temperature on the affected area will produce an uncomfortable sensation for many
months after. Other plants have spines that can ensnare you as you walk through the forest. Cuts and grazes
often result from encounters with vegetation. Long sleeves and long trousers help prevent scratches and must
be worn in the field at all times. All scratches should be treated with antiseptic and covered, as the humidity in
the tropics facilitates infection. Instruction on identifying and avoiding certain plants will be given at the start of
the expedition. Many of the fruits and fungi encountered in the forests are extremely poisonous, and the poisons
are poorly understood. If you handle fruits or fungi, you must wash your hands well before handling food.
Climate/Weather Most people underestimate how harsh the sun can be in Australia, even in winter. Sunscreen (SPF 30 or above),
long sleeves, a hat and sunglasses are essential and should be worn even when the sky is overcast; be sure to
bring these items with you. Working for long periods in warm conditions can result in rapid fluid loss, so drink
plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
Project Tasks/ A safety briefing will be given on the first day to familiarize you with specific risks and methods to increase
Equipment safety. Installation of pitfall traps involves the use of a small pickaxe to dig holes. This work is usually done in a
kneeling position, and care must be taken to avoiding striking yourself or others. Project staff will instruct
everyone on proper use and safety.
Disease There are a number of tropical diseases in the area, but the chances of contracting one is very low. Instruction
will be provided on how to minimize this risk. Diseases found in tropical regions include Ross River fever,
Australian bat lyssavirus, leptospirosis, Q fever, Queensland tick typhus, scrub typhus, meliodiosis, Japanese
encephalitis, dengue fever, filariasis, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis,
hepatitis, and typhoid. Please see the Health Information section for immunization recommendations. Most
diseases are preventable with basic safety precautions.
Distance from Depending on our location, it may take up to two hours to reach medical care. If you have a chronic condition that
Medical Care might require immediate medical care (e.g. heart conditions, kidney problems, severe asthma, etc.), you should
thoroughly reconsider participation in this expedition. Also consider seriously consider your participation if you
have any condition or medication that increases your risk of infection or suppresses your immune response. If
you are pregnant, you should talk with your physician prior to joining this expedition.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 11SAFETY
HEALTH INFORMATION
EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING:
The project will be equipped with a satellite phone and an PHYSICIAN, NURSE, OR EMT ON STAFF:
Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon in the event that Project staff members are not medical professionals
a life-threatening emergency should occur. Whenever possible, CPR CERTIFICATION: Stephen Williams and Lorena Falconi
staff in the field will carry a satellite phone for emergencies to FIRST AID CERTIFICATIONS: Stephen Williams and Lorena Falconi
contact the appropriate emergency authorities. All teams will
carry a first aid kit and a staff member with a senior first aid NEAREST MEDICAL CENTER:
certificate will be present. Name: Cairns Hospital
If an accident or emergency occurs project staff will assess the Address: The Esplanade, Cairns
severity of the problem and notify emergency authorities or Tel: +61 (0) 7 4050 6333
transport any injured person(s) to medical attention immediately. Name: Innisfail Hospital
In the unlikely event of a medical emergency that cannot be Address: 87 Rankin Street
handled by a local doctor, the patient will be taken by car or Tel: +61 (0) 7 4061 5411
ambulance to the nearest hospital (Cairns, Innisfail, or Cooktown). Name: Cooktown Hospital
From there the patient can be transferred, if necessary, to Address: 48 Hope Street
another medical institution via a Queensland Rescue Service Tel: +61 (0) 7 4069 5433
helicopter. It is unlikely that participants will be more than 50
kilometers or two hours from medical aid at any time. For emergency assistance in the field, please contact
Earthwatch’s 24-hour emergency hotline number on the
last page of this briefing. Earthwatch is available to assist you
24 hours a day, 7 days a week; someone is always on call to
respond to messages that come into our live answering service.
12 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018ADVICE REGARDING DISEASES
Traveller’s diarrhea affects many international travellers.
Other diseases found in tropical regions within Australia may
include (but are not limited too):
ROSS RIVER FEVER: In northern and central Queensland, cases
of Ross River virus occur throughout the year, but most cases
occur between February and May. The virus is not fatal, but the
time it takes to recover fully is prolonged in some people.
DENGUE FEVER: Dengue mosquitoes do not breed in rivers,
swamps, creeks, bush land or mangroves; they breed in
containers in our backyard, particularly during the wet season
(November to March). Your highest risk area will be Cairns, not
while you are in the field.
BARMAH FOREST VIRUS: Barmah Forest virus has similar
symptoms to Ross River virus although usually the illness is of
shorter duration. You can decrease your risk of most diseases
above by avoiding mosquito bites:
• Use insect repellents and wear protective, light-colored
clothing.
• Avoid being outside during times of heavy infestation of
mosquitoes, e.g. early evenings in the warmer months.
• Screen living and sleeping areas.
• Check your area regularly for potential mosquito breeding
IMMUNIZATIONS
areas, e.g. any uncovered water containers, small wading
Please be sure your routine immunizations are up-to-date pools and old tires should be emptied regularly.
(for example: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles,
mumps, rubella and varicella) and you have the appropriate LEPTOSPIROSIS: Ensure all cuts and grazes are covered if
vaccinations for your travel destination. Medical decisions are handling animals, plants, or soil in tropical areas.
the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and ZIKA VIRUS: Zika is generally a mild illness, although its
the following are recommendations only. Visit cdc.gov or effects on unborn babies can be much more detrimental.
who.int for guidance on immunizations. Cases of Zika virus have been reported in Queensland, although
these are not locally acquired (meaning the reported cases were
PROJECT VACCINATIONS contracted overseas), and Zika is not known to be present in
local mosquitos. More information on Zika in Queensland can be
REQUIRED: If travelling from countries or region where yellow
found at: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/news-alerts/health-
fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of vaccination.
alerts/zika/.
RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Tetanus is
generally recommended for health reasons If you feel ill once you return from your trip, make sure you
NOTE: Any prescription medication brought into Australia needs inform your doctor that you have recently returned from a
to be accompanied with a letter from your doctor for Customs tropical region.
Inspection purposes.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 13TRAVEL TIPS
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD
YOUR DESTINATION
LANGUAGE: English
TIME ZONE: GMT/UTC + 10.
TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling Australia from
another country, dial the country’s international dialing code,
followed by 61 and the number. When calling within Australia
omit the 61 and dial 0 then the area code. When calling another
country from Australia, dial 0011, followed by the other country’s
country code and the number. Note: you should check with your
cell phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes
you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may
differ in whole or in part from these directions.
LUGGAGE: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and
handle on your own. If travelling by air and checking your
luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and
personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage
is lost or delayed. Many airlines have strict baggage policies.
Please check with your airline(s) on baggage weight limits,
liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc. MONEY MATTERS
Please note that if you will be taking an international flight that LOCAL CURRENCY: Australian Dollars
has one or more connections within the country of your PERSONAL FUNDS: No personal funds are required during the
destination, you must collect any checked bags at the airport expedition, but you may want to have some money (cash or credit
where you first arrive in the destination country. After cards are best) for snacks, drinks, souvenirs, or to participate in
proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your recreational activities. Money exchange is available at the Cairns
luggage before flying to your final destination. International Airport in the baggage claim area or public arrival
ELECTRICITY: The electricity in Australia is 230 V and 50 Hz so shall, and you can also draw funds in Australian dollars at ATMs,
you may need to bring a converter if you are from another which are easily found in Cairns. Most Visa and MasterCard
country. You should be able to buy one at the airport when you credit cards will work in Australian ATMs, but it is a good idea to
arrive, but it may be more expensive so it is a good idea to buy check with your bank beforehand. There will be little opportunity
one at home before you leave. to exchange traveller’s checks.
TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling Australia from TIPPING: Tipping is not customary in Australia, except when
another country, dial the country’s international dialing code, exceptional service is provided.
followed by 61 and the number. When calling within Australia AIRPORT FEES AND/OR DEPARTURE TAXES: All taxes are
omit the 61 and dial 0 then the area code. When calling another included in airfare.
country from Australia, dial 0011, followed by the other country’s
country code and the number. NOTE: you should check with your
cell phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes
you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may
differ in whole or in part from these directions.
14 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018PASSPORTS AND VISAS
Passport and visa requirements are subject to change.
Check with your travel advisor, embassy or consulate in your
home country for requirements specific to your circumstances.
Generally, passports must be valid for at least six months
from the date of entry and a return ticket is required.
CITIZENSHIP PASSPORT REQUIRED? VISA REQUIRED?
United States Yes Yes
United Kingdom Yes Yes
Europe Yes Yes
Australia No No
Japan Yes Yes
If a visa is required, participants should apply for a TOURIST
visa. Please note that obtaining a visa can take some time, and
also can now be done online for people holding certain
passports. Please check the following site for more information:
http://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/Trav/Visi
OTHER USEFUL LINKS CONTACT INFORMATION
• C OUNTRY INFORMATION FROM AROUND THE WORLD: You may be required to list the following contact information on
countryreports.org your visa application and immigration form, or if your luggage
• N ATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAP MACHINE: plasma. does not make it to baggage claim at your destination:
nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine
Andrea Haas
• ONLINE UNIT CONVERSIONS: onlineconversion.com Earthwatch Australia
• WORLDWIDE WEATHER: wunderground.com Suite G-07, Ground Floor
60L Green Building, 60-66 Leicester Street
•A
USTRALIAN GOVERNMENT’S TRAVEL SECURITY Carlton
WEBSITE (information on security measures in place at VIC 3053, Australia
Australian airports): travelsecure.infrastructure.gov.au
EMAIL: ahaas@earthwatch.org.au
PH.: +61 (0) 3 9016 7590
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 15EXPEDITION PACKING LIST
WHAT TO BRING
EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST
GENERAL CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE
q T
his expedition briefing qO
ne set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition
qP hotocopies of your passport, flight itinerary and qS
everal changes of clothes for around camp (e.g., shorts
credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; and T-shirts)
the copies should be packed separately from the qC
amp shoes (e.g., sandals, thongs, light running shoes)
original documents
qS
ocks and underwear
qP
assport and/or visa (if necessary)
qP
ajamas or other sleepwear
qC
ertification of vaccination (if necessary)
FIELD SUPPLIES
qD
ocumentation for travel by minors (if necessary)
qA
ustralian Residents only: Please bring your Medicare q S
mall daypack
card and (if applicable) your private health insurance qR efillable water bottle(s)
and ambulance cover policy numbers q Insect repellent spray
CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK qS unscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher
qF
lashlight or headlamp and spare batteries to wear
qE
arthwatch T-shirt
around the camp at night time (the new lightweight LED
qA
void dark-colored clothing during the wet season ones are perfect for around camp)
(November–April), as it attracts March flies (yet, it
should be noted that light-colored clothes won’t BEDDING AND BATHING
completely prevent you from being bitten) qS leeping bag
qL
ightweight and quick-drying long-sleeved shirts q ight sheet for warmer nights (February and October
L
(a must for safety reasons) teams). You may not wish to use a sleeping bag.
qL
ightweight and quick-drying long trousers/pants (a qP illow
must for safety reasons)
q uick-drying towel
Q
qS
turdy and comfortable footwear with good ankle
q S
wimsuit
support (hiking boots are best); leather boots are more
waterproof but fabric dries faster once wet PERSONAL SUPPLIES
qH
iking socks qP
ersonal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos
qW
aterproof raincoat and pants (particularly in February) are encouraged)
qW
arm clothing for cool mornings and evenings, qA
ntibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands
especially while camping in the field (e.g. jacket, sweater, while in the field)
jumper, fleece) qP
ersonal first aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics,
qH
at (preferably one that is at least partially waterproof antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister
and covers your neck) covers, etc.) and medications
qT
ime piece (e.g., watch, mobile, to know when to return qS pending money
to camp for your tasks; preferably one with an alarm q Personal medications. Prescription medications must be
function for bird watching) accompanied by a doctor’s note to enter Australia.
16 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST
RECOMMENDED ITEMS OPTIONAL ITEMS
FOR FIELDWORK qC
amera, film or memory card(s), extra camera battery
qG aiters qH
ardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of
the expedition
qW
aterproof pants (particularly in February)
qD
rybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting qB
ooks, games, art supplies, etc. for free time
equipment such as camera from dust, humidity, qE
arplugs for light sleepers
and water) qT
ravel guidebook
qB
inoculars (preferable waterproof) qC
ompass
CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE qC
amping mat (e.g., Thermarest) for the field camps.
A Thermarest is supplied by the project, you may wish
qE arthwatch T-shirt (make sure to wear it at rendezvous)
to bring your own for extra comfort.
qO
ne set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition
qW
ildlife field guides (we have some on hand, but some
qS
everal changes of clothes for around camp (e.g., shorts
participants, especially avid bird-watchers, may wish
and T-shirts)
to have their own)
NOTE: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and
handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your
luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing
and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your
luggage is lost or delayed.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 17PROJECT STAFF
YOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD
PROF. STEPHEN (STEVE) WILLIAMS, PH.D. is a rainforest ecologist specializing in terrestrial vertebrates
and biodiversity. Steve has organized and led many fauna surveys and expeditions to remote and rugged
areas—often involving helicopter drops into inaccessible places and very wet, windy living conditions—in
order to fill gaps in knowledge of these wild mountains. Recently, Steve has been involved in spatial
modeling as a tool to study biodiversity and this led to using models to predict the impacts of climate
change in the region. The results of this analysis were so shocking that he has switched the focus of his
research program to understanding the likely impacts of climate change on rainforest biodiversity. He
hopes this research will make a difference in the long-term preservation of the unique rainforests that he
loves. Steve has also been the owner and operator of an outdoor adventure Eco tour company in the
region and has enthusiastically shown many people the area, the fauna, and some of the more exciting
things to do in the rainforest. Schedule: All teams.
LORENA FALCONI is a spatial geographer specializing on biodiversity and climate change. She was born
in Ecuador and has worked as a spatial analyst for the Centre for Tropical Biodiversity & Climate Change
at James Cook University, an environmental consultant and as a Senior Advisor on Climate Change to the
Ecuador Department of Environment. In the last 3 years she has been involved in different research
projects in Australia with James Cook University, Wet Tropics Management Authority and with the
National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) on terrestrial biodiversity adaptation to
climate change. She is passionate about the rainforest, wildlife, environment and travel. During the
expedition, Lorena will lead you in some of the spotlighting, bird, reptile and microhylid frog surveys, as
well as organize activity at the camp.
NOTE: Staff schedules are subject to change.
18 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018RECOMMENDED READING
YOUR RESOURCES AT HOME
RESOURCES
BOOKS WEBSITES
• Breedan, S. and Cooper, W.T. 1992. Visions of a rainforest: • CENTRE FOR TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY AND
A Year in Australia’s Tropical Rainforest. Berkeley, CA: CLIMATE CHANGE: jcu.edu.au/ctbcc
Ten Speed Press. • M ARINE AND TROPICAL SCIENCES
• Lynas, M. 2007. Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter RESEARCH FACILITY: rrrc.org.au/mtsrf/
Planet. New York: 4th Estate. • N ATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM:
• W illiams S.E. 2006. Vertebrates of the Wet Tropics HTTP://WWW.ENVIRONMENT.GOV.AU/SCIENCE/NERP
rainforests of Australia: Species Distributions and • W ET TROPICS MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY:
Biodiversity. Cairns, Australia: Cooperative Research wettropics.gov.au/
Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management.
• W ET TROPICS INFORMATION:
http://rainforest-crc.jcu.edu.au/publications/
barrierreefaustralia.com/wet-tropics/rainforest1.htm
vertebrate_distributions.htm.
• INFORMATION ON CAIRNS, NORTH QUEENSLAND:
• W illiams S.E. and Hilbert D. 2006. “Climate Change
cairnsinfo.com.au
Threats to the Biodiversity of Tropical Rainforests in
Australia.” In Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests. SOCIAL MEDIA: EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA
• W.F. Laurance & C. Peres (eds.). Chicago: University • FACEBOOK: facebook.com/EarthwatchAustralia
of Chicago Press.
• TWITTER: twitter.com/Earthwatch_Aus
• W illiams, S.E., Isaac, J.L., and Shoo, L.P. “The Impact
of Climate Change on the Biodiversity and Ecosystem • YOUTUBE: youtube.com/user/EarthWebBoy
Functions of the Wet Tropics.” In Living in a Dynamic • INSTAGRAM: instagram.com/earthwatch_aus/
Tropical Forest Landscape. N. Stork and S. Turton (eds.). • PINTEREST: pinterest.com/earthwatchaus/
Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell.
• GOOGLE+: plus.google.com/+
FIELD GUIDES EarthwatchSouthMelbourne/posts
• Menkhorst, P. and Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the • FLICKR: flickr.com/photos/earthwatchaustralia/
Mammals of Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University
Press. SOCIAL MEDIA: EARTHWATCH INTERNATIONAL
• Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. 1999. Field Guide to the Birds • FACEBOOK: facebook.com/Earthwatch
of Australia. Sydney: Harper Collins. • TWITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org
• Nix, H.A. and Switzer, M.A. (eds.). 1991. Rainforest • INSTAGRAM: instagram.com/earthwatch
Animals: Atlas of Vertebrates Endemic to Australia’s
• BLOG: blog.earthwatch.org
Wet Tropics. Canberra: Australian National Parks
and Wildlife Service. • YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute
• Simpson, K., and Day, N. 1996. Field Guide to the
Birds of Australia. Melbourne: Penguin Books.
• W ilson, S. 2005. A Field Guide to Reptiles of Queensland.
Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO.
WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 19NOTES 20 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018
NOTES WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018 21
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
AROUND-THE-CLOCK SUPPORT
22 WILDLIFE OF AUSTRALIA’S RAINFORESTS 2018MESSAGE FROM
EARTHWATCH
DEAR EARTHWATCHER,
Hello and welcome to the team!
You will soon be embarking on an exciting and meaningful adventure to some of the most spectacular regions of our
planet. It’s a special place here on Earth, and with your help we are working hard to keep it that way for all life that exists.
We unfortunately face a variety of environmental pressures today and by joining this Earthwatch expedition you are not
only saying you care, but more significantly, that you are prepared to do something about it. The work you will undertake
will help contribute to solving critical environmental issues, help shape policies and behaviours and enhance protection
of culture, wildlife and ecosystems. Without your help scientists would need to spend weeks, months or even years
collecting the same amount of data you and your team will collect in just a few days!
We can’t thank you enough for your choice to take a slightly different holiday this year, and we hope you get out of the
experience as much as we do by bringing scientists and volunteers together to work towards a better future.
If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, please contact our Earthwatch office. Thank you for your
support, and enjoy your expedition!
Best regards,
Cassandra Nichols
Chief Executive Officer, Earthwatch Australia
CONNECT
WITH OTHER
EARTHWATCHERS!
FIND US ON FACEBOOK
AT FACEBOOK.COM/
EARTHWATCH
AUSTRALIA OR ON TWITTER
@EARTHWATCH_ORG_AUS,
AND ON YOUTUBE
AT YOUTUBE.COM/
EARTHWATCHINSTITUTEEarthwatch U.S. Earthwatch Europe Earthwatch Australia Earthwatch Japan
114 Western Ave. Mayfield House 126 Bank St. Food Science Bldg. 4F
Boston, MA 02134 256 Banbury Rd. South Melbourne, The University of Tokyo
United States Oxford, OX2 7DE VIC 3205 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
United Kingdom Australia Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
info@earthwatch.org
earthwatch.org info@earthwatch.org.uk earth@earthwatch.org.au info@earthwatch.jp
earthwatch.org earthwatch.org earthwatch.org
Phone: 1-978-461-0081
Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188 Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300
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