5G TRANSITION COE TRAINING ON TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED WIRELESS NETWORK PLANNING - ITU
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5G Transition
CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced
wireless network planning
Sami TABBANE
30 September – 03 October 2019
Bangkok, Thailand
1Agenda
I. Vision and targets
II. Services and QoE expectations
III. Network main features
IV. 5G roadmap
V. 5G ecosystem and status in the world
2Agenda
I. Vision and Targets
3Context: the evolving demands on the network
Agility &
Speed Capacity Latency Cost per bit Flexibility Security
“Maybe along with the three legs that 5G stands on (massive Machine Type
Communication (mMTC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and Ultra
Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC)) we need to add a fourth leg of
ultra low cost broadband (ULCBB).”
Alan Gatherer, Editor in Chief, ComSoc Technology News
45G Main Objectives 5 Optimize the bit/s/Hz/m2/Joule/$
5G Requirements
Data rates 1-10Gbps (resp.100s of Mbps)
Capacity 36TB/month/user (resp. 500 GB)
Higher frequencies & flexibility
Spectrum Ultra-dense
≈ 1 GHz of aggregated spectrum
networks
Energy ~10% of today’s consumption
Latency reduction ~ 1ms (e.g. tactile internet)
D2D capabilities NSPS, ITS, resilience, … Ultra Reliable
Comm.
Reliability 99.999% within time budget
Coverage >20 dB of LTE (e.g. sensors)
Massive
Battery ~10 years Machines
Devices per area 300.000 per access node
65G Network = 3 Networks (ITU business models)
Supports high capacity and high
mobility (up to 500 km/h) radio
access (with 4 ms user plane
latency)
Urgent and
Infrequent, reliable data
massive, and exchange (with
small packet 0.5 ms user
transmissions URLLC plane latency)
for mMTC (with
10 s latency)
7Ten Key requirements for 5G deployments
1. Capacity: Provides tens of Gb/s/km2 (2020)
2. Spectrum:
• Approximately 1 GHz of aggregated spectrum (2030)
• cmWave and mmWave deployments inter-site distance of 75-100 m can provide
full coverage and satisfy the required capacity
• 5G small cells in up to 100 GHz band (mmWave) with 2 GHz carrier BW to
provide a Tb/s/km2 (2030)
• mmWave to provide backhaul to the small cells in a mesh configuration with a
maximum of 2 hops
3. Techniques:
• 5G small cells in 6-30 GHz band (cmWave) with a 500 MHz carrier BW to
provide hundreds of Gb/s/km2 (2025)
• Very large antenna arrays used to compensate higher pathloss at higher
frequency bands
• Multi connectivity between LTE-A, cmWve and mmWave for cell edge
performance and lower small cell density
4. Timeline: 5G wide area solution needed for coverage and cell edge data rates
for 2030
• Indoor small cell deployments needed for indoor capacity (2020)
8 Nokia5G Use cases requiring low latency and/or high reliability 9
5G and other standards evolution
E/// Mobility Report 11/2018
10Agenda
II. Services and QoE expectations
115G Consumers’ Expectations
Ericsson ConsumerLab survey (50 countries):
• Speed: 30% of smartphone users expect speeds faster than
current 4G speeds
• WiFi: 5G to be better than WiFi for 82% of consumers
• Apps, services and devices: 40% of consumers say that a whole
new class of devices will be needed
• 5G for early adopters: 14% of global smartphone users.
Examples of usage in pre-5G commercial networks:
An art object was restored with a remote-controlled robotic arm
thanks to the high bit-rate and low-latency characteristics of 5G.
VR visit of a museum for students with virtual tours using
12
panoramic 360° shooting in real time.Examples of services
• Pedestrians with 5G smart-phones walk safely
into the street without checking for cars: 5G-
enabled cars are routed automatically around
the person or come to a full stop.
• In sports, hundreds of Ultra-HD cameras joined
together in a digital rendering system are
positioned in multiple rings around the field, and
players are tracked by vision systems. Fans are
able to activate a specific player’s tracker and
through the screen of their smart glasses see
what the player sees on the field.
135G vision
• 5G technology will be revolutionary, enabling a
host of new applications including:
• Humanoid and remotely controlled robots,
• Connected cars,
• VR,
• Internet of Things.
• 5G latency ≤ 1millisecond versus 4G networks =
25milliseconds.
• Latency = amount of time it takes for a packet of
data to get from one forwarding point to another.
• Low latency is particularly important for such
applications as:
• Self-driving cars
14 • Robot-aided surgeries.Quiz 1
1. Which capacity per cell could we expect in 2020?
2. What aggregated spectrum is targeted for 2030?
3. Give 2 important users expectations about 5G
4. What is the targeted 5G latency compared to 4G
one?
15Agenda
III. Network main features
161 ms latency: the main disruptive feature of 5G
• Tactile internet (IEEE) =
dealing with processes or
objects in perceived real
time.
• Catch a falling object
remotely,
• Control a connected car
at an intersection.
• Will be used in areas such as automation, education,
entertainment, gaming, farming, health care, industrial
transportation, …
• Enables humans to control robots remotely in real time.
17Holographic communications, a specific 5G service
Holographic communications (3D holographs) is an
applications that can only be carried over 5G: Potential
applications for medical imaging, videoconferencing,
gaming, …
Requires 4 times as much data as streamed 4-K video
(e.g., 7 Gb/s) and a latency of one-tenth the latency of 4G
18Main techniques to reduce the latency
Technique Impact
Extension of semi-persistent scheduling Faster UL access
Shorter transmission intervals Reduced transmission delay
Shorter processing times Reduced data delivery
Periodic UL grants (1 ms periodicity) Transmission without SR delay
Overbooking of UL resources with
Reduced access waiting time
different RS settings
Reduced data transmission and
Shorter TTI (e.g., 2 OFDM symbols)
processing delays
Grant-free UL transmission No waiting
Flexible frame structure for TDD Reduced transmission times
Frequent transmission opportunities Reduced waiting time
Flexible transmission duration Allows short transmission times
Reduced processing time at the UE/gNB Reduced transmission delay
19Fog and Edge computing
The difference between fog and edge computing = where that intelligence and
computing power is placed
• Fog computing pushes
intelligence down to
the local area network
level of network
architecture, processing
data in a fog node or
IoT gateway.
• Edge computing pushes the intelligence, processing power and communication
capabilities of an edge gateway or appliance directly into devices like programmable
automation controllers (PACs).
205G Core Elements
• SDN is about the
Data and IT
decoupling of
systems Layer2/3 from
physical HW
• NFV is about
SDN Evolution 5G
decoupling SW
applications/
functions from
NFV HW
SDN: allows to implement sliding on the basis of NFV.
21 NFV: replaces the traditional NE (MME, PCRF, P/S-GW, RAN)5G Networks Architecture
Cloud (network protocols, users data,
applications, services, …)
Transport (core IP, backbone FO)
PGW AC GGSN
BAS
LTE-A WiFi/WiMax xDSL/LAN
22
GPRS/UMTS
Virtualized, sliced, future 5G networks will collect, carry, store and process part of the dataAgenda
IV. 5G Roadmap
235G Roadmap 24
5G and 3GPP Releases evolution 25
2 paths toward 5G: Evolution and Revolution 26
ITU-R WP5D
ITU-R WP 5D timeline for IMT-2020
Detailed specifications for the terrestrial radio interfaces
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
WRC-15 WRC-19
5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D
#18 #19 #20 #21 #22 #23 #24 #25 #26 #27 #28 #29 #30 #31 #31bis #32 #33 #34 #35 #36
Report: Technical
Technology trends performance Proposals IMT-2020
(M.2320) requirements
(M.2410) Evaluation
Report: IMT feasibility above
6 GHz (M.2376) Evaluation criteria &
Consensus building
method (M.2412)
Recommendation: Vision of Outcome &
Requirements,
Workshop
IMT beyond 2020 (M.2083) decision
evaluation criteria, &
submission templates
Modifications of
(M.2411) IMT-2020
Resolutions 56/57
specifications
Circular Letters &
Addendum
Background & process
• Initial technology submission: Meeting 32 (June 2019)
• Detailed specification submission: Meeting 36 (October 2020)
27Techniques evolution from 2G to 5G
Domain 2G 5G Gains
MIMO • Increase cell capacity
Antennas Single or diversity (2)
Beamforming • Interference mitigation
Cells Fixed area Elastic cells • Improved QoE
GMSK or 8-PSK (3 256-QAM (8
Modulation • Improved cell capacity
bits/symbol) bits/symbol)
Unique code rate (1/2) Turbo coding • Improved cell capacity
Coding
Convolutional and block AMC • Improved QoS
• Cost reduction
Switching Circuit and packet Packet only
• Increased flexibility
• New services
Latency Tens of ms 0.5 to 1 ms
• Improved QoE
Multiple access TDMA, CDMA OFDMA, NOMA • Improved capacity
Static, SW and HW in • Flexibility, efficiency,
the same location costs, energy savings,
Architecture Softwarisation
Strong dependence to increased independence
the vendors from vendors
28Quiz 2
1. What is the fog computing principle?
2. What is the edge computing principle?
3. Describe the 3 main components (or layers) of a 5G
network
4. What are the main improvements brought by Release 16?
5. What SDN consists in?
6. What NFV consists in?
29Agenda
V. 5G ecosystems and status in the world
305G use cases: IoT
Smart City Smart grid
Smart parking
31 Industry Automation Connected CarIoT ecosystem in 5G
32Smart city
5G advantages for smart cities:
Higher speeds
More connections
Shorter transmission times
Ultra low power connections
33Smart energy grid 34
Smart Car Convoys
V2V communications to improve reaction times and allow car convoy.
35Smart Parking + Metering
Reduce the time to find a parking spot
Ease the traffic towards commercial areas
Increase economic activities
36Gun Shot Detection
Real time monitoring of gun shots to locate the gun through sensors
using triangulation techniques
37Industry Automation 38
Industry Automation 39
5G terminals (September 2019)
Samsung Galaxy S10
Samsung Galaxy Fold
Xiomi mimix 3
40
Oppo Reno 5G ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G5G licensing: USA
66 GHz 600 MHz
50 GHz
1.9 GHz 800 MHz
2.5 GHz
28 GHz
1.15 GHz
3.5 GHz 2018
39 GHz
40 GHz Allocated bandwidth When
3.7 GHz 26 GHz
Frequency bands
$ 20.702 Billions
License price
415G licensing: China
3.7 GHz
3.5 GHz 4.5 GHz 3.35 GHz 06 June 2019
Allocated bandwidth When
28 GHz
3.7 GHz 26 GHz
$ 134-223 Billions
Frequency bands
License price
425G licensing: Switzerland
700 MHz
3.65 GHz 07 February 2019
3.5 GHz
28 GHz
Allocated bandwidth
When
3.7 GHz 26 GHz
380 Millions Swiss
Frequency bands Francs (15 years)
License price
435G licensing: Japan
3.7 GHz
28 GHz 700 MHz 10 April 2019
Allocated bandwidth
When
Frequency bands $ 14.4 Billions
License price
445G licensing: Germany
3.6 GHz 2019
2 GHz 420 MHz
Allocated bandwidth When
Frequency bands $ 7.31 Billions
License price
455G licensing: United Kingdom
05 April 2018
2.3 GHz 190 MHz
3.4 GHz
When
Allocated bandwidth
Euros 1355.744 Millions
Frequency bands
License price
465G licensing: South Korea
2.5 GHz
28 GHz February 2018
1.08 GHz
When
Allocated bandwidth
Frequency bands
$ 3.3 Billions
License price
475G networks (S1 2019)
• USA: 5G FWB from Verizon, C-Spire and
Starry, mobile 5G with Verizon and AT&T
• Qatar: Ooredoo,
Vodafone
• Norway: Telia
(December 2018)
• Switzerland:
Swisscom (April
2019) and Sunrise • Finland: Elisa Oyj (June 2018),
Telia (December 2018)
• Estonia: TalTech (December
2018)
• South Korea: SK Telecom, LG
48 Uplus and KT (December 2018)5G subscriptions forecast 49
5G networks (end 2019 forecasts) 50
5G speeds in 2019 51
US 5G Rollout
• Verizon: Fixed and mobile 5G is live in a few areas
• AT&T: Mobile 5G for select customers in 21 cities; wider
coverage throughout 2019
• T-Mobile: Commercial 5G service available in parts of six
cities; nationwide coverage expected in 2020
• Sprint: Mobile 5G in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth,
Houston, Kansas City, Phoenix, Los Angeles, New York
City, and Washington, D.C.
• U.S. Cellular: 5G services coming in second half of 2019
• C Spire: Fixed 5G services in Mississippi
• Charter: Testing 5G, but no solid rollout plans
• Comcast: Will roll out 5G via an MVNO agreement with
Verizon
• Starry: Fixed 5G currently in Boston, Denver, LA, New
York City, and Washington DC
52T Mobile USA – Example of NYC (Q2 2019) 53
5G in South Korea
South Korean 5G networks are available since late 2018,
but like most 5G networks around the world, only select
customers have access.
The mobile network operators in the country began offering
5G services to customers in April 2019. Coverage started
off limited but will expand throughout the year and into 2020
and beyond.
The South Korean government's Ministry of Science and
ICT predicts that by 2020, 30 percent of the country's
mobile users will have access to a 5G network, with 90
54 percent coverage by 2026.5G roadmap (KT)
55
5G service implementation in Winter Olympics 2018, Hans KimChina 5G Rollout Plans
China Unicom has 5G set up in very few locations since
most if not all of their 5G locations are merely test projects,
with the exception of a few like the 5G base stations in
Tiananmen Square that were launched in early 2019.
Shenzhen is another 5G-enabled site that went live in
April 2019 in the Qianhai-Shekou Free Trade Zone. At
launch, there were over 100 5G base stations, but 45,000
are expected to be built by the end of 2020 to cover the
entire city.
Some of the cities mentioned by China Unicom include
Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan,
Guiyang, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Shenyang.
The plan is that each of these locations will build 100 5G
56 base stations.5G commercial and trial networks in the world (Q2 2019) 57
Speedtest measurements in 5G networks 58
Some tests in 2019
• 855.9 Mbps user
throughput
• 5.5 millisecond
user plane latency
594G and 5G networks in the world
Africa 133 31 0
Asia & Pacific 152 67 5
Eastern Europe 92 55 2
Latin America & Caribbean 126 44 1
Middle East 44 29 7
US & Canada 19 9 4
Western Europe 87 68 13
Global Totals 654 306 34
60 TeleGeography (09/13/19)5G subscribers evolution 61
5G challenges
• 5G will cost much more
to deploy than previous
mobile technologies (3
times as much)
• 5G is more complex and requires a denser coverage of BS to
provide the expected capacity
• EC: €500 billion to meet 2025 connectivity targets
• 5G technology will take much longer than earlier generations
to perfect (China sees 5G as at least a 10 year program to
62 become fully working and completely rolled out nationally)Quiz 3
1. Give examples of ecosystems that 5G will make it
possible to build
2. Which countries are the most advanced in 5G
services introduction?
3. What amount of spectrum is usually allocated to
5G operators?
4. Which spectrum is the most used for present 5G
networks?
5. How long it could take to complete 5G services?
63Thank you! 64
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