Application of CONDUITS-DST in Brussels - CONDUITS training workshop 26 November 2014 Madrid Pierre Schmitz, Brussels Mobility Antonios ...
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Application of CONDUITS-DST in Brussels
CONDUITS training workshop
26 November 2014
Madrid
Pierre Schmitz, Brussels Mobility
Antonios Tsakarestos, Technische Universität München
Ioannis Kaparias, City University London
The Brussels Region
Population : > 1,1 million inhabitants
Surface : 161,4 km²
Density : 6.500 inh/km²
Road network
Region : 350 km
Communes :1400 km
PT network
Metro : 40 km
Tram : 139 km
Bus : 445 km
Commercial speeds (2009)
Tram : 16,8 km/h
Bus : 17,0 km/h 2
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. Kaparias
Some actions to be implemented in Brussels
The Brussels Mobility Plan IRIS 2 at horizon 2015 – 2020
and particularly 2 of its 9 main actions
• 2. To improve the PT attractiveness
• …
• To develop a complete network allowing a good gridding of
the Region, with “high level service” (in other words, fast,
regular, mainly by bus, high-frequency) lanes and benefiting
from the maximal priority on the traffic lights
• …
• 9. Improve the Governance to guarantee the IRIS objectives
• To measure the progress of the realizations on the
quantitative and qualitative levels 3
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. Kaparias
Need of a tool to monitor the expected results
of the ITS implementations for bus priority
Short-term
• Increase average speed of the buses
• Increase average speed of the private vehicles
displacement parallel to the line
• Reduction average speed of vehicles crossing the line
• Increase of air and noise pollution by cars and busses
Medium-term
• Change of route choices for private car drivers
• Reduction of time losses in the implementation area
Long-term
• Demand shift towards public transport reduces private car rides 4
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. Kaparias
Brussels’ needs: relevant Key Performance
Indicators and a Decision Support Tool (DST)
KPI’s (already done during the CONDUITS European R&D project)
• Easy to use and communicate to decision makers and public
– No or light extra work for the users
– Clarity for the political decision makers and the public
• Adapted to cities individuality
– Geographical scale : sections, roads, zones, network, …
– Adaptability :
Ability to use all kind of urban data that are relevant to
quantify a performance
Weighting possibilities
DST (1st step to be done during the Brussels’ case study)
• Easy to use by many cities in order to allow the
sharing/dissemination of the results
– Directly linked to VISSIM and starting with Pollution 5
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. Kaparias
Brussels’ case study - Evaluation with VISSIM of
bus priority systems by using the CONDUITS DST
Priority bus line 49
• Many intersections
with traffic lights
4 VISSIM simulations
• Morning and
evening
peak hours
• Situation before
and after
implementation
6
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. Kaparias
The CONDUITS Decision Support Tool (DST)
1st step of the CONDUITS DST development:
Automatic calculation of the KPIPollution in VISSIM simulations
with
•KPIPollution : ″Pollution″ Key Performance Indicator
•WVT : ″Type of vehicle″ weighting factor
•WET : ″Type of emission″ weighting factor
•QVT,ET : ″Emissions″ by type of pollutant and
by type of vehicle
7
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasResults of the Brussels’ case study (1)
The first results reflect the expected short term effects
• Improvement of the public transport quality:
– increase average speed of the buses
– reduction of the stops at intersections
Ave. Speed [km/h] Number of Stops [-]
19 12
11
18.5
18.5 -18 %
before + 6% 10 before
+ 3% 9
18 after after
8
17.3 17.4 7
17.5
16.8
6 - 43 %
17
4
4
16.5
16 2
15.5 0
southbound northbound southbound northbound
8
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasResults of the Brussels’ case study (2)
… but increase in pollution
+ 3% + 7,5 %
… what is (hopefully) normal ! 9
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasResults of the Brussels’ case study (3)
Sensitivity analysis with a
pragmatic methodology ~ - 1,8%
• The given demand levels of
the relevant flows are
progressively reduced in
increments of 1%
• and the KPI values are
~ - 3,9%
recalculated for each
scenario.
10
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasIncrease in values compared to „before“-sceario
morning peak
Results of the Brussels’
4 case study (4) %
3
2
1
Increase in values compared to „before“-sceario
0
Sensitivity analysis of %
morning peak KPI
KPI
4 Traffic load reduction
the single pollutants 3
CO
NO x
2
2 PM 10
• CO2 is the dominant10
%
8
1
0
evening peak
6
emission 4
Traffic load reduction
2
•
0
NOx is the most
% Traffic load reduction evening peak
resistant 10
8
6
• Adjustment to local city
4
2
0
objectives through
Traffic load reduction
weights 11
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasResults of the Brussels’ case study (5)
Scalability improves detailed problem analysis
• The KPI can be scaled down to
smaller parts of the Network
single routes
junctions
• Critical spots or times
can be identified
Comparison morning peak
250000
200000
KPI value
150000
100000
50000
0
North corridor South corridor
Network part 12
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasWeighting factors (1)
Vehicle types…
• have different impacts on traffic
• produce different quantities of pollution
… and therefore have to be weighed equally in the KPI
Weights can be determined…
• on the basis of Passenger Car Units (PCU) equivalents
• bearing in mind that some vehicle types have zero
emissions (e.g. trams, bikes, …), so will have zero
weights
13
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasWeighting factors (2)
Pollutants…
• may be global (CO2) or local (NOx, PM);
• have different impacts on human health;
• become critical at different values;
… and therefore cannot be weighed equally in the KPI
Weights can be determined…
• on the basis of the relative
quantities of pollutants
• on the basis of limit values
determined by policy and
legislation of countries/cities
14
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasWeighting factors (3)
Pollutant limit values:
Example weighting scenarios:
15
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasWeighting factors (4)
Application of pollutant weighting scenarios:
• “Truly unweighted”, where pollutants are determined on
the basis of their relative weights only
• Weighted according to the USA and EU limit values
Truly
unweighted
USA
EU
16
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasBrussels’ evaluation of the KPI’s and DST
• Same methodology for all the indicators
• Calculation running with all kinds of data
• Easy weighting of the parameters
• Automatic calculation before, during and after the
implementation of an ITS by using the VISSIM files as
they are provided
• Allow sharing results got in other cities for similar ITS
and the possibility to create a common DB with real
measurements 17
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasActual limits of these Indicators
• It will be necessary to wait a few years before having
“before and after” data based on real measurements
• Require a cost/benefit analysis to complete the set of
KPIs needed to cover the overall sustainability
assessment of an ITS
• KPIs comparison between cities still needs an
agreement on common weighting
18
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasFuture developments planned in Brussels
• Further steps : Road traffic prediction module and Road
safety prediction module
• Design of an integrated sustainability module using
CONDUITS KPIs for VISSIM micro simulations
• Implementation of this integrated sustainability module
for VISUM macro simulations and OPTIMA simulations
+ KPI social inclusion
19
CONDUITS • 26/11/2014 • Madrid • P. Schmitz - A. Tsakarestos - I. KapariasThank you! Pierre Schmitz – Antonios Tsakarestos – Ioannis Kaparias Contact Details Brussels Mobility, Rue du Progrès, 80/1, B-1030 Brussels kdeterme@sprb.irisnet.be pschmitz@outlook.be antonios.tsakarestos@tum.de kaparias@city.ac.uk http://www.civitas.eu
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