APPLICATION OF MOL LIK TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND RELATIVE PLANT GROWTH - Presented by, Tony Paul, Tina Lütje
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APPLICATION OF MOL ® LIK TECHNOLOGY
IN AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
AND RELATIVE PLANT GROWTH
Presented by,
Tony Paul,
Tina Lütje
TONY PAUL
Academic Education:
2010 - 2014 B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering, Calicut University, Kerala, India
2014 - 2015 Cad Cam Certificate course, Fr. Agnel College, Bandra, Mumbai, India
2018 - now Masters in Engineering and International Business, SRH Hochschule Berlin, Germany
Work Experience:
2015 – 2016 Graduate Apprentice Trainee, Apollo Tyres Ltd, Kerala, India
2016 – 2017 Quality Control Engineer, Apollo Tyres ltd, Kerala, India
At MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH:
2019 Aug - 2020 Jan Internship (Application Of MOL®LIK Technology in Agricultural Irrigation System
and Relative Plant Growth)
2020 Mar - now Master Thesis (Application Of MOL®LIK Technology in the growth of Mung beans )
Mobile: (+49) 176 674 25719
E-Mail: tonypaul84@gmail.com
TINA LÜTJE Academic education: 2012-2014 B. Sc. Biology, MLU Halle-Wittenberg 2014-2017 M. Sc. Biology (major subject Biotechnology), University of Leipzig At MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH: 2013 – 2017 Internship including Bachelor and Master Thesis 2017 Scientific employee 2017 – 2018 Deputy head of department AT/P 2018 – now Head of department AT/P Mobile: (+49)1590 40 22 48 8 E-Mail: tina.luetje@molkat.de
CONTENTS • Topic • MOL®LIK Technology • Plant Life – Water Uptake • Experiment Tomato Growth • Results Tomato Growth and Future • Nitrate Pollution and Degradation • Future Farming • References
1.TOPIC Water plays a vital role in the growth and development not only of plant life: Without water, the essential process that provides energy for the plants and oxygen for animals and human beings would not happen: The well known photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6O2 80 percent of global fresh water is used up for agriculture purpose. The main purpose of this project is to build a agricultural irrigation system along with MOL®LIK technology such that: ▪ Water usage is minimised ▪ Water quality is improved ▪ Clogging effect in pipes due to deposits is reduced ▪ Achieve maximum productivity in less time with the treated water
1.2.DRIP IRRIGATION
Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation technique
where water is allowed to drip on to the roots of the
plant directly, either from above or buried below the
soil surface. Drip irrigation systems distribute water
through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters.
It also reduces percolation of water running deep into
the soil. It is more efficient than any other types of
irrigation system. This technique
• Reduces water wastage Fig 1.1 Water droplet from dripper
Source : https://globalvendormart.com/irrigation-dripper
• Minimize evaporation by directly introducing water to Clogging of the emitters due to deposits in water is
the desired area. a disadvantage that can be dealt with MOL®LIK
Technology
2.MOL®LIK TECHNOLOGY
MOL®LIK is a chemical free water treatment process.
Multiple problems occur due to the presence of rust, limestone and other deposits in water:
• Scaling
• Corrosion
• Reduce average flow rate
• Leads to biofouling
• Biofilm formation
Fig 1.2 VWS MOL®LIK catalytic converter for Biocide free biofilm control.
• Clogging of the system The catalytic process will be started by light.
Source :
http://www.veoliawatertechnologies.de/berkefeld/ressources/documents
/6/48793-Biofilme_in_Kuehlkreislaeufen__Veo.pdf
MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH has developed an innovative technique to avoid such unpleasant
effects without threatening the environment.
®
2.1.MOL LIK WORKING
In liquid water, we have an equilibrium of bulk and molecular water caused by a dynamic process1.
Molecular water can dissolve deposits and salts in it, while bulk water cannot. In solution processes,
when there are more substances to dissolve than water molecules can be provided, this will lead to the
formation of deposits like rust and limestone. MOL®LIK avoids such unpleasant effects with a piece of
metal, which is enough to compensate lack of molecular water by catalysing its formation1: Bulk water
is dissociated into molecular water which dissolves the additional undissolved deposits.
Fig 2.1 working process of MOL®LIK Fig 2.2 Molecular water bonding with salts
Source : MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH Experiences with Water Source : MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH Experiences with Water
and Water Treatment 2019 power point presentation and Water Treatment 2019 power point presentation
1MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH. www.youtube.com. November 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVxvDKK27mg&t=46s.
®
2.2.MOL LIK & TURBIDITY
▪Lower turbidity is an effect of MOL®LIK, because
particles stay smaller→ lower light scattering
fertilisation
▪In the graph, turbidity levels are very low for
WMOL water (water treated with MOL®LIK)
especially despite fertilising on 06.11.2019
compared to WOMOL water (normal water).
Fig 3.3 Comparison of Turbidity in WMOL and WOMOL during
the growth of Tomato
2.3.VISCOSITY & PLANT GROWTH
Smaller particles cause a lower viscosity.
Viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance
to flow3.
High viscosity leads to lower water and nutrient
absorption.
The more molecular water there is, the lower the viscosity
will be.
MOL®LIK Technology catalyses the formation of molecular
water.
Fig 3.5 Dynamic viscosity of the water as a function of the water vapor
saturation partial pressure
3 https://physics.info/viscosity/ Source: Dr. J. Koppe, MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH (2020)3.PLANT LIFE- WATER & MINERAL UPTAKE
▪Smaller particles help in the faster movement across a
plant cell wall. The cell wall is the protective, semi-
permeable outer layer of a plant which gives
the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules
that pass in and out of the cell.
▪Bulk water and undissolved particles (nutrients) are
difficult to pass through the small cell wall openings
because of bigger particles but with a „looser“ water
structure molecular water and dissolved particles can
easier pass through. A higher growth can be observed
as a result of better water and nutrient uptake.
Fig 3.4 plant water uptake through cell wall3.1.PLANT LIFE- WATER & MINERAL UPTAKE BY ROOTS
Water is found in the spaces between the soil
particles. Inside the cells of the root, there is a
higher concentration of minerals than there is in the
soil surrounding the plant . Water and mineral salts
enter through the cell wall and cell membrane of the
root hair cell by osmosis and diffusion. Root hair
cells are outgrowths at the tips of plants' roots. They
function solely to take up water and mineral salts.
These cells have large vacuoles which allow storage
of water and mineral salts. Their small diameter (5-
17 micrometres) and greater length (1500
micrometres) ensure they have a large surface area
over which to absorb water and mineral salts.
Water fills the vacuole of the root hair cell2.
2 https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/support-and-transport-
Fig 3.1 Step by step transport of water in plants
Source : https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/support-and-
systems-in-plants/05-support-and-transport-systems-in-plants-05 transport-systems-in-plants/05-support-and-transport-systems-in-plants-053.2.PLANT LIFE- WATER & MINERAL UPTAKE BY CELLS
As every cell consists of a phospholipid membrane
and is therefore hydrophobic to its environment, Water (cell surrounding area)
water molecules cannot easily pass this membrane.
Aquaporins are proteins, that ensure a transport of
water molecules through the membranes (not only in
plants but also in zoological organisms).
Phospho
But even those highly selective and efficient aquaporin lipid
layer
structures are limited: Only single water molecules
can pass (by kind of a chain) the aquaporin1.
aquaporin
Due to that fact, the more water structures near the
aquaporins are bulk water structures, the slower is
the water transport. Ensuring a higher concentration Water (inside cell) Single water molecules
of molecular water (e.g. via MOL®LIK) means
ensuring a faster water transport through cell
membranes (in both directions for water
regulation!).
7 https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/276185/paper_biospektrum.pdf
Fig 3.2 transport water molecules via aquaporin through cell membrane
Source : B. L. de Groot, H. Grubmüller (2004). Aquaporine: Die perfekten Wasserfilter
der Zelle. In: BIOspektrum, 4/04, MPI Göttingen4.1.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fig 4.1 Front View of the experimental setup Fig 4.2 Top View of the experimental setup A drip irrigation system with two identical garden bed setups are created with a single water source supply. Water to one half of the system is treated using MOL®LIK. While the other half would be utilising the normal water from the same source. Both the water is utilised for the growth of tomato and lemon plants. Tomato takes 3 months to fully ripe up, while lemon take almost 2 to 3 years Fig 4.3 Flow chart of the experimental setup
4.2.GROWTH SCENARIO
• An average
1) Room humidity of 49.65 percent
2) Temperature of 24.8 °C is maintained
• The experimental setup was maintained for 4 months for growth
analysis
1) Water consumption is 35.84 litres for the duration of 112
days
2) Overall time duration for the water supply is 1 hour 52
minutes Fig 5.1 Artificial lights for plants
Source : https://modernfarmer.com/2018/03/grow-
lights-for-indoor-plants-and-indoor-gardening/
• The flow rate of water to each plant is 8ml per minute per day
• Uniform water source, artificial LED lights, fertilizer were provided
• There are two garden bed, each consists of 10 tomato and 10
lemon plants5.OVERALL GRAPH
The graph shows the overall growth rate of
tomato plant from (WOMOL) normal (tap)
water and (WMOL) MOL®LIK treated water
garden bed over a period of 4 months.
WMOL ⁚ Faster growth in the beginning
Stable plant growth
WOMOL ⁚ Slower growth in the beginning
Unhealthy kind of “over”growth
→ unstable growth (You can
imagine a person who gets
obese and sick due to too much
food)
Fig 6.1 Tomato growth from October January5.1.GRAPH OF OCTOBER
• Higher growth rate in the first month
• (WMOL) MOL®LIK treated water has
higher productivity of tomato growth
• About 1cm of growth difference
Fig.6.2 Tomato growth in October5.2.OCTOBER GROWTH
Fig 6.3 WOMOL garden bed Fig 6.4 WMOL garden bed6.RESULTS ➢ MOL®LIK treated water provides higher growth rate in the beginning of plant growth in the month of October. It showed a stable growth for the next 3 months. ➢ Normal water supplied garden bed showed higher growth rate in November, rapid growth in December, sudden fall in January and gradual improvement at the end of the month. It showed an unstable growth. ➢In WMOL garden bed bacterial growth was less ➢No negative effect of LIK on pH (no differences between WMOL and WOMOL), as a changing pH could become dangerous for the plants
7.ONE MONTH FOOD CROPS
Food Crop Market
• Mung bean sprouts have the largest market share with approx. 90% in Germany. The sprouts germinate
in the cultivation chambers in the dark within 5 days (at 90% humidity). Kanglee Food GmbH has
invested1.2 million euros for the production of mung bean sprouts of 100 tons per week4.
• 333.03K metric tons of lettuce at an average production price of $1.34K USD per metric ton is produced
in Germany5.
The initial higher growth rate obtained in experimental analysis due to MOL®LIK treated water can
be utilised for one month grown crops. Higher growth in lesser time will be a great impact in terms of
money and time. The list of few food crop that grows in 10 to 50 days
Garden cress 14 days Radishes 21 days Green onions 21 days
Tatsoi 25 days Lettuce 30 days Spinach 30 days
Arugula 30 days Kale 30 days Swiss Chard 45 days
Table 8.1Food crops with growth duration
Source : https://www.offthegridnews.com/survival-gardening-2/8-insanely-fast-vegetables-you-can-harvest-in-one-month/
4 source: https://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Havelland/Kanglee-Food-GmbH-verdoppelt-die-Produktion-Paretz
5 https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/lettuce/DE/production8.NITRATE POLLUTION Due to a nitrogen rich fertilisation, nowadays groundwater is often contaminated with too much nitrate (already 18 % in Germany8). Nitrate surplus can cause an uncontrolled growth of algae and thus a lack of oxygen in natural water systems. It can also cause deseases for human beings. So it is very important to free groundwater, from which app. 75 % are used for our tap water9, from high nitrate concentrations. Experiment: •Single kress seeds with same amount of nutrient free substrate and Knop‘s nutrient solution, each with a piece of either LIK, raw (raw material for LIK) or plastic foil •Growth was observated for 5 days → nitrate measurement after 5 days 8 https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/fakten-zur-nitratbelastung-in-grund-trinkwasser 9https://www.landwirtschaft.de/diskussion-und-dialog/umwelt/nitrat-im-grundwasser-was-hat-die-landwirtschaft-damit-zu-tun
8.1.NITRATE DEGRADATION ➢Lowest nitrate degradation in untreated samples (reference with plastic foil) → more nitrate remains in substrate/soil ➢Last (right) group of graph values shows LIK foil amount of dissolved nitrate Raw foil → less nitrate dissolved in untreated Plastic foil samples → more nitrate sets down at the bottom (and so in soil) ➢Both LIK foil and raw material for LIK foil show better solability of nitrate and greater nitrate degradation than the reference
9.FUTURE
Maximum productivity in less time, spending less money and
less effort, while having maximum safety is the aim of every
company and every person and the motto behind an
application of MOL®LIK in the agricultural sector:
➢ Reduced water usage ensures water conservation
➢ Stable and higher growth in the same growth duration
➢ Safe food due to reduced bacterial content in water
Fig 9.1 Vertical farm in United Kingdom
Source : https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/vertical-farms-quest-for-
➢ Innovative, Vertical and Green house farming can work all-year-harvests-promises-to-change-shape-of-countryside-
t2swln2w7
better with LIK treated water with higher yields and less effort
➢ Good booster to crop production that grows in one month
➢ Saving the environment by reducing nitrate pollution10.REFERENCES • 1http://www.veoliawatertechnologies.de/berkefeld/ressources/documents/6/48793- Biofilme_in_Kuehlkreislaeufen__Veo.pdf • ²MOL Katalysatortechnik GmbH Experiences with Water and Water Treatment 2019 power point presentation • ³https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10-lifesciences/support-and-transport-systems-in-plants/05- support-and-transport-systems-in-plants-05 • 4https://www.asps.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Chapter-3-Water-movement-in-plants-for-PDF-1.pdf • 5https://modernfarmer.com/2018/03/grow-lights-for-indoor-plants-and-indoor-gardening • 6https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/wpcontent/uploads/2011/04/Viscosity.pdf • 7https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/276185/paper_biospektrum.pdf • 8 https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/fakten-zur-nitratbelastung-in-grund-trinkwasser • 9https://www.landwirtschaft.de/diskussion-und-dialog/umwelt/nitrat-im-grundwasser-was-hat-die- landwirtschaft-damit-zu-tun
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