Assessment of the Impact on the Natural Environment of the Taldykorgan Basin
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Assessment of the Impact on the Natural Environment of the
Taldykorgan Basin
To cite this article: Zh Zh Kanagatov et al 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 677 042079
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
This content was downloaded from IP address 46.4.80.155 on 19/03/2021 at 07:11AGRITECH-IV-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677 (2021) 042079 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/677/4/042079
Assessment of the Impact on the Natural Environment of the
Taldykorgan Basin
Zh Zh Kanagatov, G A Seitova1, A K Butenova, E A Bukenova and
A E Tokanbaev
Technical Department, Zhetysu state University named after I. Zhansugurov,
Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan
1
E-mail:guldana-talgat@bk.ru
Abstract. In his address, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev to the people
of Kazakhstan "New opportunities for development in the conditions of the fourth industrial
revolution", noted that today the world is moving to the era of the Fourth industrial revolution,
a stage of deep and dynamic changes in the technological, economic and social spheres. The
article deals with the issues of water resources protection to strengthen the competitiveness of
Kazakhstan in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution and the transition to a "green
economy". The dynamics of pollution of the Taldykorgan region's water basin is studied, and the
ecological zoning of the territory is given.
The new technological situation radically changes how we work, how we exercise our civil rights,
and how we raise our children. In the section "further development of the resource potential" of the
message, the following issues are identified as priority areas:
• In the twenty-first century, the world's need for natural resources continues. They will be of
particular importance in the future in the development of the global economy and the country's
economy.
• But it is necessary to critically process the organizational business of the raw materials industry
and the principles of natural resource management.
• It is necessary to actively implement integrated information technology platforms.
• It is necessary to increase the requirements for energy efficiency and energy saving of
enterprises, as well as for environmental cleanliness and efficiency of their energy producers.
The Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the people of Kazakhstan "Strategy"
Kazakhstan-2050": a new political course of the established state "defines the strategic task of the
country's transition to the green" path of development. For this purpose, decree № 577 of the President
of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated may 30, 2013 approved the Concept for the transition of the
Republic of Kazakhstan to a "green economy". The concept covers specific goals in three stages: 2020,
2030 and 2050.
In turn, the main direction of the concept is determined by the sustainable use of water resources.
Within the framework Of the concept of transition to a "green economy", certain enterprises have
requirements for the greening of technologies, the use of modern science and technology, and the
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1AGRITECH-IV-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677 (2021) 042079 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/677/4/042079
introduction of low-waste and non-waste processes into production. In this regard, the introduction of
best practices and international standards in developed countries, as set out in the concept and programs,
should take a worthy place in the study of environmental disciplines. A comprehensive assessment of
the technogenic impact on the environment is an urgent problem that is characterized by the search for
optimal solutions to environmental management with the definition of a serious model for a part of the
biosphere.
Study of various components of natural complexes, relationships between them, geochemical,
physical geographical relationships, etc. in the formulation of regularities, the issues of industrial zoning
are considered and defined.
Geomorphological studies, i.e. geostructural studies, soil quality and soil cover character, and other
definitions in each field of natural Sciences (Geology, tectonics and stratigraphy, geomorphology,
geography, Metrology, climatology, hydrology, botany, Zoology, landscape studies, etc.) zoning of
natural complexes [1].
Thus, according to the scheme of geomorphological zoning of Kazakhstan, Almaty region is located
in three regions: A, B, C (7 regions in the Republic); in three provinces: II, III, V (12 provinces in the
Republic); in seven regions: 6-10 and 13 (16 regions in the Republic).
Based on the geographical differentiation of natural landscapes in the territories, the scheme of
physical and geographical zoning depending on local (provincial), geological and geomorphological and
climatic factors consists of seven zones, 46 provinces. According to this zoning, Semirechenskaya Land
consists of the provinces of moynkum and Bakash-Alakol, which belong to the vicinity of the Turan
plain; Jungar Alatau and Western Jungar Alatau of the Tarbagatai region; ili, Shu-ili, and Ile-Alatau
mountain region of the Tien Shan.
Zoning of natural complexes in General should be considered as a classification of territories. In
various spheres is carried out zoning of the regions. For example: zoning of the territory of the
administrative-territorial units by type of economic specialization and their priority use is for the analysis
and evaluation of economic potential of territories to justify spatial development with the establishment
of urban regimes in the development of the General scheme for the territory of the Republic of
Kazakhstan and their classification by socio-economic specialization. Internal and external factors that
affect its organization and effective use of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan; implementation
of urban planning in the development of territorial development schemes for regions, districts, cities and
individual settlements; implementation of engineering, transport, social and other measures of national
significance infrastructure; socio-economic development, improvement of the environmental situation,
rational use of natural resources, planning of territories of historical and cultural heritage and nature
conservation activities.
In some industries, there are specific methodologies and techniques for zoning natural complexes
(methodology and methodology). They can be approved by the governing body or technical and
scientific councils in the industry.
Kazakhstan has not approved a single regulatory document on environmental zoning. However,
despite the fact that there are some effective works in scientific research and special projects. One of
them is environmental zoning of the region's territory based on natural resource potential (potential),
socio-economic potential, and anthropogenic destruction of natural landscapes [2].
The total area of the Ili-Balkhash basin is 413 thousand square kilometers, of which 353 thousand on
the scale of Kazakhstan (60%), in China-about 35%. The average annual inflow of the basin is about
26.5 billion m3. The volume of groundwater in the basin is 17.4 km3, of which approximately 6.9 km3
has been studied. The annual inflow of the basin's rivers is about 20-21 km3, including the ili river basin-
17 km3 (average). The total volume of water from the Ili-Balkhash and Alakol catchment basins is 3.5-
4 billion, of which 3610 million m3 are surface sources, and the rest are groundwater.
The Karatal river is 390 km Long the water basin Area is 19.1 thousand km 2. The sources of the
glaciers of the North-Western side of the Central ridge of the Zhetysu Alatau. The river Tekeli, Sage
and bark, United with the territory of Tekeli, called Karatal. Almaty region flows the earth eskeldy,
2AGRITECH-IV-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677 (2021) 042079 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/677/4/042079
Koksu, Karatal areas. The large cities of Taldykorgan, Ushtobe, and Tekeli are located along the river.
The first 160 km of the river flows very fast, and the next 230 km is slow.
In the Balkhash-Alakol basin, the abundance and large riverbed ranks 2nd after the Zailiysky pool.
The average annual inflow of water in the Karatal district of Ushtobe is 19.9 m 3/sec. Water is used for
irrigation of agricultural land.
Along the river are located towns mining, Cox, Talapty, Shanyrak, Balpyk-bi on top of the mountains
Eshkiolmes installed Tospa (the dam), were distributed through the channels of water in eskeldy (right
side) and Koksu (left side) areas. Tullamaine ridge Tascabe connects to the Karatal [3].
In 2018, according to the RSE "Kazhydromet" of the Ministry of energy of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, the water temperature on the Karatal river was 19.1 ºC, the hydrogen index was 7.90, the
concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water was 9.90 mg/dm3, and the Biological dilution of oxygen5
was 1.66 mg/dm3. Exceedances of the POC were recorded for substances from the groups of heavy
metals (copper (2+) - 1.6 POC), biogenic substances (total iron-4.4 POC), organic substances (petroleum
products– 1.4 POC).
Department of ecology for Almaty region for 2018, place of sampling: Taldykorgan Karatal river,
name of the test sample: Karatal river, Sorting date 29.08.2018 date of the test: 31.08.2018 – 07.09.2018.
Table 1. Indicators of sampling of the Karatal river Of the Department of ecology for the Almaty
region 2018.
№ Name of the composition to
POC Real result
be determined
1 рН 6-9 6.8 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 4
2 Total hardness, mg/dm3 2.1 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 10
BDO5 (Biological dilution of
3 - 1 ST RK ISO 5815-1-2010
oxygen 5), mg/dm3
4 Suspended solids, mg/dm3 131 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п.2
5 Nitrites, mg/dm3 3.3 0.12 GOST standard 26449.2-85, п. 10
6 Calcium, mg/dm3 - 30 GOST standard 26449.2-85, п. 11
7 Magnesium, mg/dm3 - 7 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 11
8 Chloride, mg/dm3 350.0 10,4 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 12
9 Sulfate, mg/dm3 500.0 81 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 16
10 Hydrocarbonates, mg/dm3 - 92 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 11
11 Alkalinity, mg/dm3 - 1.5 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 12
12 Solids, mg/dm3 - 225 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 16
13 Chrome (III), mg/dm3 0.5 not detected -
Biogenic substances
Ammonium nitrogen,
1 - 0.07 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 11
mg/dm3
2 Fe, mg/dm3 0.3 0.3 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 12
3 Phosphorus, mg/dm3 - 0.02 GOST standard 26449.1-85, п. 16
Place of sampling: Taldykorgan, Zhansugurova street, Karatal river bridge, name of the test sample:
Karatal river. Sorting date 29.08.2018 date of the test: 31.08.2018 – 07.09.2018. Test conditions:
temperature 21.0 0C, humidity 73 %, atmospheric pressure 712 mm. gr. (table 2).
Table 2. Indicators of sampling of the Karatal river on Zhansugurov
street 2018.
№ Name of the POC Real result
composition to be
determined
3AGRITECH-IV-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677 (2021) 042079 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/677/4/042079
1. Ammonium nitrogen, - 0.1022
mg/dm3
2. Nitrites, mg/dm3 3.3 0.0103
3. Fe, mg/dm3 0.3 0.2033
According to the RSE "Kazhydromet" of the Ministry of energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in
2019, the water temperature on the Karatal river is within 0-16. 9 ºC, the hydrogen index is 8.05, the
concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water is 11.40 mg/dm3, and the BDO5 is 1.24 mg/dm3. Excess
POC was recorded for substances from heavy metal groups (copper(2+) - 1.2 POC, manganese (2+) -
1.2 POC), biogenic substances (total iron-2.6 POC).
Department of ecology for Almaty region in 2019 by indicator, Sampling location: Karatal river
Zhanatalap district, name of the test sample: Karatal river. Sorting date 29.08.2019 date of the test:
29.08.2019-07.09.2019. Test conditions: temperature 12.0o C, humidity 55 %, atmospheric pressure 652
mm. gr. (table 3).
Table 3. Karatal river sampling indicators Of the Department of ecology for Almaty region
2018.
№ Name of the composition to be
POC Real result
determined
1 рН 6-9 7.3
2 Total hardness, mg/dm3 - 1.9
BDO5 (Biological dilution of 1.02
3 -
oxygen 5), mg/dm3
4 Suspended solids, mg/dm3 - 197.0
3
5 Nitrites, mg/dm 3.3 0.27
6 Calcium, mg/dm3 - 0.05
7 Magnesium, mg/dm3 - 37.0
8 Chloride, mg/dm3 350.0 2.2
9 Sulfate, mg/dm3 500.0 9.4
10 Hydrocarbonates, mg/dm3 - 75,0
3
11 Alkalinity, mg/dm - 69,0
12 Solids, mg/dm3 - 0.19
13 Chrome (III), mg/dm3 0.5 2.7
Biogenic substances
1 Ammonium nitrogen, mg/dm3 - 0.22
2 Fe, mg/dm3 0.3 0.39
3 Phosphorus, mg/dm3 - 6.1
Place of sampling: Taldykorgan, Zhansugurova street, Karatal river bridge, name of the test sample:
Karatal river. Sorting date 29.08.2019 date of the test: 29.08.2019-07.09.2019.
Table 4. Indicators sampling of the Karatal river in the street named after 2019.
№ Name of the POC Real result
composition to be
determined
1. Ammonium nitrogen, - 0.1057
mg/dm3
2. Nitrites, mg/dm3 3.3 0.4587
3. Fe, mg/dm3 0.3 0.6874
Test conditions: temperature 14.0 0C, humidity 55 %, atmospheric pressure 602 mm. gr. (table 4).
4AGRITECH-IV-2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677 (2021) 042079 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/677/4/042079
Methods of complex assessment of water content by hydrochemistry indicators. Mountain rivers Karatal
and Koksu, which originate from glaciers. Hydrocarbonate, sodium carbonate and calcium, magnesium
water bodies according to the composition of hydrochemistry. By chemical composition and by
biochemical oxygen requirements, it belongs to a pure normative water body (table 5).
Table 5. General classification of water bodies according to the degree of Contamination.
№ Category Evaluation Indicators
- - BDO5
1 regulatory net ≤1 ≥4 ≤3
2 moderate level of pollution 1.1-3.0 3.1-3.9 3.1-7
3 high level of pollution 3.1-10 1.1-3.0 7.1-8
4 very high level of pollution ≥10 ≤1.0 ≥8.1
The largest water use is agriculture. Agriculture accounts for up to 70-75% of all water used in the
national economy. If water is used incorrectly in irrigated agriculture, the natural process of water
circulation is disrupted and water quality deteriorates: salinity increases, fertilizers and pesticides are
mixed.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve water protection measures, save water, and use advanced
irrigation patterns. Water for drip irrigation allows you to save money.
The useful coefficients of existing irrigation systems do not exceed 0.5-0.7. Most of the water is lost
in channels, channels, evaporates. Of these, 62% - from the moment of receiving water from the source
to delivery to the consumer.
Currently, the region is working on the treatment and restoration of waste water in agriculture. But
its current level is still insignificant.
The utility sector does not use large opportunities to save water. In addition to such drinking water,
measures should be taken to replace it with return water, prevent water losses, and count and control the
water supplied for consumption. One of the important directions of effective use of the water Fund is
pollution of the water Fund [6].
References
[1] Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of
Kazakhstan. January 10, 2018
[2] Halanevych A G 1999 Assessment of environmental impact and ecological expertise
Environmental expertise 3 1999
[3] GOST 26449 pp 1-85, GOST 26449 pp 1-85
[4] Newsletter of the Ministry of energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Kazgidromet»
[5] Nikanorov A M and Khoruzhaya T A 1999 Ecology (Moscow: "Prior publishing House") p 304
[6] Kopylov M N 2000 The Right to development and environmental security of developing countries
International legal issues (Moscow: EKON LLP)
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