Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey - Deloitte, 30 January 2020

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Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey - Deloitte, 30 January 2020
Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey
Deloitte, 30 January 2020
Agenda

VAT                                               White list of   VDEK reporting   MDR reporting (DAC-6
environment in                                    taypayers                        „equivalent”) and
Poland                                                                             obligatory split
                                                                                   payment mechanism

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                      2
What is current VAT
environment in Poland?
Evolution of the VAT environment in Poland

                     Main areas
                                                          local VAT reverse-charge valid for sensitive goods and services subject to
                                                           frauds (steel, scrap, electronics, etc.);
   Various legal solutions to battle VAT                  joint VAT liability in case local reverse-charge could not apply
   frauds                                                 2016 - SAF-T filings (VAT, bank statements, general accounts etc.)
                                                          2016 – VAT anti-abuse clause
                                                          May 2019 - On-line cash registers

                                                          Most of tax returns filed electronically
   E-filings                                              October 2018 - financial statement for Polish GAP in SAF-T form
                                                          April 2020 – VAT returns will be replaced by detailed VAT SAF-T file

                                                          Administration developed extensive databases constantly fuelled
                                                           by the taxpayers containing data from banking transactions,
   Extensive databases of tax administration               SAF-T files, tax returns, DAC-6 reporting, etc.
                                                          On demand SAF-T (invoices, warehouse, GL, banks)
                                                          White list – register of active VAT payers – available on-line

                                                          Period 2017 - 2020 - decrease of tax inspections and controls, but
                                                           increasing amount of collected for tax arrears
   Increase of efficiency of tax authorities              E-controls based on data analytics of SAF-T, banking data (STIR)
                                                          Specialized teams, e.g. for advanced TP proceedings.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                    4
What are main white list
difficulties?
What is the white list of taxpayers?

An electronic database                                 Purpose                          Since when does it exist?

The white list is a list of VAT                        The white list is an important   The relevant act of law came
payers maintained by the                               tool that allows taxpayers to    into force on
Head of the National Fiscal                            verify information concerning    1 September 2019.
Administration on the Public                           their counterparties as at a     Provisions concerning
Information Bulletin website of                        given date.                      sanctions for failure to fulfil the
the Ministry of Finance.                                                                obligations related to the white
                                                                                        list come into force on 1
                                                                                        January 2020.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                          6
What is the white list of taxpayers?
Data featured in the white list

                                                                         Information concerning the taxpayer
                                                                         featured in the list includes:

                                                                         The number used to identify        The numbers of the taxpayer’s
                                                                         the taxpayer for tax purposes      settlement accounts
                                                                                                            specified in the request for
                                              The list is updated on     Full name of the taxpayer          taxpayer identification number
                                                                                                            or update request, together
                                              working days once          The address of the taxpayer’s      with personal accounts in credit
                                              every 24 hours             place of business or the           unions
                                                                         address of their principal place
                                                                         of business                        Dates – of the taxpayer’s VAT
                                              The list is published in                                      registration, deletion or re-
                                                                         The address of the                 entry in and from the VAT
                                              the Public Information     registered office for              system
                                              Bulletin                   taxpayers who are not natural
                                                                         persons                            The counterparty’s Statistical
                                                                                                            ID Number (REGON) or
                                                                                                            National Court Register
                                                                                                            (KRS) number

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                      7
What sanctions may we face?
Negative tax consequences starting from 1 January 2020

Payments based on VAT invoices related                 CIT / PIT                            Adequate procedures for
to business activity carried out for the               No right to recognise the            verifying the
benefit of another entrepreneur (VAT                   expense as tax-deductible cost       counterparties’ data,
payer), where the one-off value of the                                                      and IT tools supporting
transaction exceeds                                    VAT                                  them, will have to be

PLN 15,000                                             Joint and several responsibility
                                                       for VAT amounts related to the
                                                                                            implemented!

(irrespective of the number of payments),              transaction
made to accounts not specified in the
white list as at the date of the transfer              EXCEPTION:
order being placed.                                    Transfers to the accounts other
                                                       than those specified in the white
                                                       list, provided that the tax office
                                                       competent for the invoice issuer
                                                       is notified within three days of
                                                       the transfer order being placed

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                              8
What specific cases are there?

          Foreign entities registered for VAT purposes in Poland &
          foreign bank accounts

          Polish bank accounts of foreign entities registered for VAT
          purposes in Poland – to be included on White list.
                                                                               Possible solutions (final option dependant on business
          Potential problems with non-Polish bank accounts of VAT
                                                                               circumstances):
          registered foreign entities – they are not subject to White list
          reporting; when the buyer pays to such account - the risks of
                                                                                     Setting up Polish bank account by foreign entity
          sanctions / additional obligations.
                                                                                                              or
                                                                                Filling of the notification(s) by the purchaser (Polish MF
          „Non-Polish” transactions of foreign entities registered for
                                                                                confirmed that one notification per one bank account is
          VAT purposes in Poland – currently clear situation – payments
                                                                                                          sufficient)
          for such are not covered by White list obligations.

          Accounts opened in Polish branches of foreign banks

          Accounts in Polish branches of foreign banks – shall be subject to
          the standard White list reporting

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                         9
What specific cases are there?

Netting / offsetting
• Netting equal amounts (with no transfer) should generally not
  be subject to any restrictions related to the white list, as no transfers
  are involved.
• Setting off different amounts with equalising transfers leads to
  the question what measures should be taken if the account is not
  featured in the white list. What data should be notified to the Tax
  Office?
• Netting with foreign counterparties (who hold a Polish VAT
  number)

Virtual accounts
• As regards the obligation to notify the Tax Office, virtual                 The Ministry of Finance is working on
   accounts do not constitute settlement accounts, and therefore there        the use of the so-called “masks” for
   is no obligation to notify the Tax Office. The white list contains         verifying virtual accounts
   information that accounts may be virtual.
• Payments to virtual accounts will have to be treated just like
   payments to settlement accounts.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                  10
What specific cases are there?

Accounts of natural                        Factoring                                 Calculating PLN 15.000         The relationship between the
persons who carry out                      Traditional factoring – Which entity      limit                          white list and the split payment
business activities                        maintains debt? (to be taken into         Do we take into account the    mechanism
If they possess individual                 account - factor’s account specified in   transaction account (and       Split payments make parties release
accounts, they may not                     the VAT invoice shall not be linked to    how the transaction shall be   from the joint and several
featured in the white list,                the issuer’s Tax ID Number (NIP),         understood) or the invoice     responsibility for VAT, but do not
notification obligation.                   even if such an account is featured in    value?                         ensure tax deductibility of expenses
                                           the white list)                                                          in respect of CIT/PIT

                                           Reverse factoring – confirming
                                           payments on the white list and
                                           collecting documentation that confirms
                                           queries.                                                                 The payments covered by mandatory
                                                                                                                    split payments, even if made to the
                                           Foreign factors – Are they registered                                    accounts featured in the white list,
                                           for VAT purposes? Do they have a PL                                      still require split payment (payment
                                           account?                                                                 to VAT account); failure to
                                           Which Tax Office is the one to be                                        implement the split payment
                                           notified?                                                                mechanism involves 30% sanction.

 Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                                      11
What we can check on WhiteList?
An opportunity to submit queries in different ways:

                SEARCH for                             SEARCH for                           SEARCH for
                NIP                                    ACCOUNT NUMBER                       NIP and ACCOUNT
                     Results:                                                               NUMBER
                     counterparty’s data, i.e.           Results:                              The most valuable results,
                     their VAT status (current           full scope of data about the          showing whether a given
                     and past), bank accounts,           counterparty, with a summary          bank account is assigned to a
                     address, National Court             indication of whether the given       specific counterparty
                     Register (KRS) Number,              account is featured in the white
                     Business Statistical Number         list
                     (REGON), etc.

               Necessity of collecting unique polling number
               assigned by the Ministry of Finance, which
               constitutes evidence that the given white list
               query was submitted as at a given date.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                           12
When is a good start to
prepare for VDEK
reporting ?
New SAF-T files for Polish VAT reporting
General information

                 The Polish law introduced new form of VAT
                 reporting : JPK_V7M file (for taxpayers submitting
                 quarterly VAT returns: JPK_V7K file) - at the earlier
                 stages of legislative works called “JPK_VDEK”.
                 The file is supposed to replace the existing JPK_VAT
                 files and local VAT return.

                                                                            Important changes comparing to current JPK file:
                 Penalties amounting to 500 PLN apply for each
                 error identified in submitted JPK files – if the mistake   -   extensive number of special product codes - not always clearly
                 makes impossible to verify the correctness of                  covering all transactions,
                 transaction. Fines are not levied if error is
                 corrected within 14 days from the tax authorities          -   codes identifying certain types of transactions, e.g. triangular
                 notification.                                                  transactions, the transactions to which obligatory split payment is
                                                                                applicable, transfers of single purpose vouchers (SPVs), distance
                                                                                sales, certain customs procedures or transactions carried out with a
                                                                                related party.
                 The Ministry of Finance (MF) published
                 Regulation on scope of data to be presented by the         -   codes identifying certain document types (e.g. collective
                 taxpayers in the new JPK_VDEK. Also draft of xml               documents concerning the sale documented with cash register or
                 scheme is available on webpage of MF.                          internal documents).

                                                                            -   Obligation to include the invoice receipt date in the purchase
                                                                                register.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                             14
New SAF-T files for Polish VAT reporting
 General information

 New VAT SAF-T– JPK_V7M (VDEK)                            SAF-T VAT

 [Since] 1 April 2020 for large entrepreneurs, others
 since 1 July 2020.                                                                           Goods & services
                                                                                              codes

 [What would change] One VAT SAF-T instead of VAT          VAT return
 return, current JPK_VAT and attachments to VAT return.
                                                                                             Code of procedures

 [What is in addition]
 • Lack of additional attachments
                                                                           JPK_VDEK
 • New reporting for particular goods and services sold
 • Broader scope of data delivered
 • Severe sanctions for non-compliance                    Attachments to
                                                             VAT return               …plus additional requirements re doc type
                                                                                      etc.

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                   15
New SAF-T files for Polish VAT reporting
  New reported data: commodity group codes and document types

                                  Commodity Group Code                                     Document Type Code (for sale)
   Value                                               Description
                                                                                Value                          Description
     01          Alcoholic beverages
     02          Liquid and solid fuels / Mining products                                 Internal collective document covering sales recorded
                                                                                 RO
                                                                                          on cash registers
     03          Fuel oils and lubricating oils with some exceptions
                                                                                 WEW      Internal document
     04          Tobacco products
                                                                                          Invoice issued under the rules prescribed in Art. 106b
     05          Wastes
                                                                                  FP      para. 3 of the VAT Act (invoice issued based on the
     06          Electronic devices as well as parts and materials to them                cash register's receipt)
                                                                                         Document Type Code (for purchase)
     07          Car vehicles and car parts
     08          Noble and non-noble metals                                     Value                          Description
     09          Medicines and medical products                                           VAT-RR invoice, as referred in Art. 116 of the VAT Act
                                                                                VAT_RR
                                                                                          (lump sum farmer’s invoice)
     10          Buildings, structures and ground
                                                                                 WEW      Internal document
     11          Greenhouse gas emission allowance transfer services
                 Intangible services (e.g. management, consulting, marketing,             Invoice issued by VAT taxpayer who has chosen the
     12                                                                          MK
                 legal)                                                                   cash method described in Art. 21 of the Act
     13          Transport services and storage management

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                         16
New SAF-T files for Polish VAT reporting
 New reported data: New markers in VAT evidence
                                                         Markers in VAT evidence – sale transactions
              Value                                                                          Description
              SW                        Distance sales to non VAT taxpayers (B2C), made from the territory of Poland
              EE                        Telecommunications, broadcasting and electronic services to non VAT taxpayers (B2C)
              TP                        Sale to related entities (in person or by capital) - within the meaning of Article 32 of the VAT Act
            TT_WNT                      Intra-Community acquisition of goods by intermediate within simplified triangular procedure
             TT_D                       Intra-Community supply of goods by intermediate within simplified triangular procedure
             MR_T                       Provision of tourism services, settled under VAT margin procedure
             MR_UZ                      Supply of second-hand goods, works of art, collectors' items and antiques, settled under VAT margin procedure
               I_42                     Intra-Community supply of goods after importation of these goods under customs procedure 42 (import)
               I_63                     Intra-Community supply of goods after importation of these goods under customs procedure 63 (import)
              B_SPV                     Transfer of a single-purpose voucher made by a VAT taxpayer acting on his own behalf
                                        Supply of goods or provision of services, covered by the single-purpose voucher, to VAT taxpayer who issued the
      B_SPV Dostawa
                                        voucher
      B_MPV Prowizja                    Provision of intermediary services and other services related to the transfer of multi-purpose vouchers

               MPP                      Supply of goods or services to which obligatory split payment mechanism is applicable

                                                       Markers in VAT evidence – purchase transactions
              Value                                                                          Description

               MPP                      Acquisition of goods or services to which obligatory split payment mechanism is applicable
                                        Import of goods, including import of goods settled by means of simplified procedure (input and output VAT amount
                IMP
                                        is included in VAT return) in accordance with Art. 33a of the Act

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                                       17
What are requirements
regarding Polish
obligatory split payment
and is MDR reporting
equivalent of DAC-6?
Mandatory Split Payment
 Main rules

           Mandatory Split Payment

           [Purpose] More effective mechanism than local reverse-charge and joint VAT liability. Obtained EU Council
           Decision allowing this mechanism until 28 February 2022.

           [Dates] Since 1 November 2019.

           [Scope] Payments:
           • One-off gross value, regardless how many payments are envisaged, exceeds 15 000 PLN
           • Transaction involves goods and services listed in exhibit 15 to VAT Act (in general sensitive goods subject
              to potential VAT frauds).

           [Additional remarks]

           For non-resident entities it is mandatory to set up Polish bank account if perform supply listed in Exhibit 15
           Collective payments (not exceeded 1 month) are allowed if contain all invoices in the given month.

           Extensive explanations issued by Ministry of Finance in December 2019

Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                        19
MDR reporting (Polish DAC-6 „equivalent”)
 Main rules

                      Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR) – Polish DAC-6 „equivalent”?
                      [Since when] Since 1 January 2019 r. However, may cover events since after 25 June 2018 (cross-
                      border) and after 1 November 2018 (domestic).
                      Mandatory disclosure to Polish tax administration of transactions/events that meet the hallmarks and
                      criteria of a so-called „tax-planning scheme” as listed in the Polish Tax Ordinance

                      [The rules] Scope of Polish regulations is much broader than envisaged in EU DAC-6 Directive
                      from which the obligation initiates (e.g. there are 24 hallmarks, instead on 15 hallmarks mentioned in
                      DAC-6) and covers also domestic transactions.

                      Other taxes than corporate tax are also subject to Polish MDR reporting – including VAT and excise
                      duty (customs duty is not covered).

                      [Who reports] In general, MDR reporting is obligation of intermediary (e.g. advisory firm, tax
                      advisor), but it can also be a responsibility of beneficiary (the client) and of supporting entity (e.g.
                      notary, bank, accountant).

                      [Sanctions] Very material penal fiscal sanctions for non-compliance – up to approx. PLN 25M
                      (equivalent of approx. EUR 5,8M).

                                                                                       VAT – when to increase attention: e.g. sales
                                                                                       for 1 PLN instead of free-of charge supply, split of
                                                                                       values in batch supplies of different VAT rates
Being VAT compliant in Poland: a challenging journey                                                                                          20
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