Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...

Page created by Brett Waters
 
CONTINUE READING
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
Briefing to the
Incoming Parliament
NZ Drug Foundation
Policy Briefing
2017 — 2020
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
The Drug Foundation has been at the
forefront of major alcohol and other drug
debates for 28 years. We take the lead in
Aotearoa New Zealand promoting healthy
approaches to alcohol and other drugs.

Public education,              Community                             Policy
information and outreach       engagement                            development
We create resources and        We work with communities,             We advocate for evidence-based
lead projects in schools and   especially tangata whenua, to find    policies and effective treatment
workplaces to reduce alcohol   effective solutions to drug issues.   services that will build a healthy
and drug harm.                                                       society with the least possible
                                                                     harm from drug use.

                                                                                      www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
Tēnā koe
The New Zealand Drug Foundation’s vision is for an
Aotearoa free from drug harm.
Our mission is to be the catalyst for people, their communities, service
providers and policy makers to take action that prevents drug harm.

Like you, we are concerned about the harms drugs cause in New Zealand.

This year, more than 20 people died and many more were hospitalised
after using new and highly toxic synthetic psychoactive substances.
Communities are deeply concerned about the effects of methamphetamine,
and we know that many people who are struggling with drug use can’t get
the help they need.

But there are solutions. We think we can repair the harm, if we do these things:
PRIORITY 1.   Keep young people in school and keep them safe. | PAGE 06
PRIORITY 2.   Reform our laws to treat drug use as a health issue. | PAGE 08
PRIORITY 3.   Invest more effectively in prevention, harm reduction and treatment. | PAGE 10
PRIORITY 4.   Reduce drug harm in communities and respond to emerging challenges. | PAGE 12
You also have some important decisions to make in 2018. | PAGE 16

We look forward to working with you to reduce drug harm over the
next three years and beyond!

Ross Bell
Executive Director

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                           Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   01
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
But first – what you
need to know about
drugs in New Zealand.

WE HAVE HIGH RATES                                         MOST DRUG USE IS                       DRUGS CAN CAUSE
OF DRUG USE                                                NOT HARMFUL                            SERIOUS HARM TO SOME
The drugs that cause the most                              While it’s safest not to use           For a small group of users, drug use
harm in New Zealand are                                    alcohol and other drugs, most          – whether legal or illegal – can cause
alcohol and tobacco. Over half                             people are not harmed much,            significant harm. Risks include
a million New Zealand adults                               or at all, by their use.               illness, injury, dependence and
drink hazardously.1                                                                               even death, with the effects borne
                                                                                                  by whole communities.
NEW ZEALAND ADULTS                                                                                • It is estimated 12% of people will
                                                                                                    develop a substance use disorder in

 79%          drank alcohol in the
              past year.1
                                                                                                    their lifetime – and for Mäori, the
                                                                                                    rate is as high as 27%.5
                                                                                                  • A third of reported offences are
                                                            4 out of 5 New Zealand

 16%
                                                            adults who used an illicit drug         committed by people who have
              of New Zealand adults                         in the past year reported
              currently smoke tobacco.1                                                             consumed alcohol.6
                                                            no harmful effects.2
                                                                                                  • About 5000 people die
                                                                                                    each year from smoking

 17%          used illicit drugs
              in the past year.2
                                                                                                    (including second-hand smoke).7
                                                                                                  • There is rising community concern
                                                                                                    about methamphetamine, which
                                                                                                    can cause hallucinations, erratic

 11%          used cannabis
              in the past year.3
                                                                                                    behaviour and psychosis in
                                                                                                    some users.8

                                                               7
                                                                            7 out of 8
                                                                            New Zealand
                                                                            adults who used
                                                                            alcohol in the past
                                                                            year reported no

                                                               8
                                                                            harmful effects.4

02   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                          www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
THE MOST DISADVANTAGED ARE
OFTEN THE WORST AFFECTED
• Mäori, Pacific people and those
  living in deprived neighbourhoods
  are more likely to experience harm
  from their own alcohol or drug
  use.11
• Mäori, Pacific people and those
  living in deprived neighbourhoods
  are more likely to want help with
  their drug use but not receive it.11
                                         THERE IS NOT ENOUGH
                                         HELP AVAILABLE
                                         • Around 50,000 New Zealanders
                                          receive support to reduce their
                                          alcohol or drug use each year.12
                                          Around 50,000 more want help
                                          but don’t receive it.11
                                         • Services are overextended and
                                          underfunded, and people struggle
                                          to find the help they need at the
                                          time they need it.
                                                                             50,000
                                         20
                                         More than 20 New Zealanders
                                         died in 2017 from taking
                                         synthetic drugs, and many
                                         more had serious long-lasting
                                         health effects.9,10

                                                                                    Around 50,000 people want help
                                                                                    to reduce their alcohol and drug
                                                                                    use but don’t receive it.

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                     Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   03
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
CONTINUED

What you need to know
about drugs in New Zealand.

WHY DO PEOPLE                                              WHY IS SOME
TAKE DRUGS?                                                DRUG USE HARMFUL?
People use alcohol and other                               The likelihood of harmful use
drugs for many reasons, including                          patterns developing depends
pleasure and recreation, spiritual                         on a range of social, cultural and
discovery, performance                                     genetic factors. Although chemical
enhancement, experimentation,                              addiction can play a part, more
peer pressure or to self-medicate                          significant factors that contribute
physical problems, emotional pain                          to substance use disorders are
or trauma.                                                 usually underlying trauma, mental
                                                           illness and/or distress.

04   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                         www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Briefing to the Incoming Parliament - NZ Drug Foundation Policy Briefing 2017 2020 - NZ Drug ...
WHY DO WE NEED
TO FOCUS ON DRUGS?

Drug use affects
every level of society.
Focusing on alcohol and
drug reform will help fix
many of the big issues
facing New Zealand today.

                                                         ½             MENTAL HEALTH
                                                         More than half the people
                                                      using mental health services
                                                       are likely to have substance

             11,561
                                                            use problems as well.15
PRISONS
11,561 people have gone to
prison in the past 10 years
for drug offences.13
                                                         12%                    JOBS AND
                                                                               EDUCATION
                                                     12% (of those who have ever
                                                     used drugs) reported harmful
                                                       effects on opportunities for
FAMILY VIOLENCE                                         work/study/employment.2
Alcohol is clearly linked with
child maltreatment and
inter-partner violence.14
                                                                       HOMELESSNESS

             10%
                                                               Substance misuse can
                                                                 increase the chance
POVERTY                                                             of becoming and
10% (of those who have ever used                               remaining homeless.16
drugs) reported drug use had
affected their financial position.2

                                                $1.8b                    SOCIETAL COST

             40%
                                                                Illicit drug use costs
MĀORI                                                      New Zealand $1.8 billion
INEQUITY
                                                          each year in health, social
Māori are more                                              and economic harms.17
disproportionately criminalised
and make up about 40% of those
in prison for drug offences.13

www.drugfoundation.org.nz             Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   05
PRIORITY 1:

Keep young people in
school and keep them safe.
Alcohol and drug use is one                                STRENGTHENING HEALTH EDUCATION         MESSAGES ARE NOT REACHING
of the most common reasons                                 WOULD HAVE LIFELONG BENEFITS           THE MOST AT-RISK YOUNG PEOPLE
for students to be excluded                                Schools should be equipping            The young people experiencing the
or expelled from school.                                   students with self-management skills   most harm from drugs and alcohol
But schools are a major protective                         and knowledge about alcohol and        say they do not see mainstream
factor for reducing alcohol and drug                       other drugs through the health         health messages and services as
harm18 and improving overall life                          learning area of the curriculum.       relevant to them. We can use peer
outcomes. We need to keep young                            However, there is significant          crowd methods to engage these
people in school as long as possible                       variation in how this part of the      young people.
– including those struggling with                          curriculum is resourced and taught.
their drug or alcohol use.

                                                            A WHOLE-SCHOOL                         TARGETING
                                                            PROGRAMME                              PEER CROWDS

                                                                                                             Photo credit: Matheus Bertelli, pexels.com

                                                            Tüturu helps implement                 A 2016 study identified groupings
                                                            school-wide changes to reduce          of young New Zealanders with
                                                            drug and alcohol-related harm          shared lifestyles and influences,
                                                            and keep students in school.           called peer crowds. Peer crowds
                                                                                                   that experience the greatest burden
                                                            We are running an independently
                                                                                                   of harm from alcohol do not
                                                            evaluated pilot in 12 schools,
                                                                                                   engage with typical mainstream
                                                            with support from Odyssey and
                                                                                                   messages and services.
                                                            other organisations. The Ministry
                                                            of Health, Ministry of Education,      An interagency steering group is
                                                            Health Promotion Agency and            implementing recommendations
                                                            Police are overseeing the project.     from the study, using highly
                                                                                                   targeted approaches and
                                                                                                   simplifying health advice for
                                                                                                   young people.

06   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                            www.drugfoundation.org.nz
WE RECOMMEND:

 • Strengthen implementation of
   the health learning area of the
   New Zealand curriculum.
 • Use evaluated approaches, such
   as Tūturu, to keep young people
   in school.
 • Fund highly targeted initiatives
   based on the peer crowd study.
 • Fund research, such as the
   Youth 2000 study.
 • Invest in youth services that can
   work in partnership with schools.

                                                                       Photo credit: Tobil, pexels.com

www.drugfoundation.org.nz              Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017        07
PRIORITY 2:

Reform our laws to treat
drug use as a health issue.

                                                                                                                      5
We all want a happier,                                       THE SOLUTION IS TO TREAT DRUG USE
healthier, more equal                                        AS A HEALTH AND SOCIAL ISSUE
New Zealand.                                                 Those who struggle with their
                                                             drug use need support, compassion
Unfortunately, New Zealand’s                                 and access to treatment.
current drug law is standing in
the way.                                                     We can learn from international
                                                             examples such as Portugal, which
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1975                                 decriminalised the use of all drugs    OUR 5 GOALS FOR
criminalises those who struggle                              in 2001 and invested heavily in        A NEW DRUG LAW
with their drug use, rather than                             prevention, treatment and harm
supporting them. And every year,                             reduction. Drug use is still
thousands more New Zealanders                                prohibited, but it does not carry

                                                                                                    1
                                                                                                          Minimise the harms caused
are left with a conviction that                              criminal penalties.                          by drug use, particularly for
impacts on employment,                                                                                    young people
relationships and travel.                                    Despite fears at the time, harmful
                                                             drug use in Portugal has fallen,
In 2016:
• 3,511 people were convicted for
     drug possession, use and/or use
                                                             and drug harms including HIV
                                                             infections and overdoses have
                                                             reduced dramatically.19
                                                                                                    2     Respect
                                                                                                          human rights

     of a drug utensil13
• 799 people were imprisoned for
     drug possession, use and/or use
                                                             OUR DRUG LAW SHOULD HAVE CLEAR
                                                             GOALS AND FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE          3     Safer communities with
                                                                                                          less drug-related crime

     of a drug utensil.13                                    New Zealand is ready to talk about
And yet we have some of the highest
drug use rates in the world. All the
evidence shows that punishing and
                                                             drug law reform. In July 2017, we
                                                             launched Whakawätea te Huarahi,
                                                             a model drug law to 2020 and
                                                                                                    4     Promote equity
                                                                                                          for Māori

                                                             beyond. Our approach is based on

                                                                                                    5
threatening people does not stop
                                                             the recommendations of the 2011              Be cost-effective and
them using drugs.                                                                                         evidence-based
                                                             Law Commission review and on
                                                             international evidence.
                                                             We want to replace the Misuse of
                                                             Drugs Act with a new law that treats
                                                             drug use and possession as a health
                                                             issue, not a crime. Commercial
                                                             supply and trafficking of drugs
                                                             would still be illegal.

08     Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                       www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Whakawātea                             Whakawätea te Huarahi
 te Huarahi                             Check out our model drug law
 A model drug law
 to 2020 and beyond
                                        Whakawätea te Huarahi for details
                                        on our law reform proposal:
                                        https://www.drugfoundation.org.nz/
                                        assets/uploads/Whakawatea-te-
                                        Huarahi-July2017.pdf

OUR RANGE OF LAW REFORM                 WHAT ABOUT CANNABIS?
                                                                                        WE RECOMMEND:
RECOMMENDATIONS PROMOTE
MĀORI EQUITY                            Cannabis causes harm in our
                                        communities, and regulation is the        • Remove criminal penalties for drug
Unacceptably, our current drug law      responsible way to minimise that             use, possession and social supply.
produces hugely disproportionate        harm. A regulated market can be           • Regulate cannabis so that it can
imprisonment and conviction rates       designed to:                                 be legally consumed, produced
for Mäori. The result is endless                                                     and sold.
cycles of reconviction.                 • make it harder for those under 18
                                                                                  • Invest in evidence-based drug
                                          to access cannabis
• Mäori make up 42% of those                                                         prevention, education and
                                        • minimise the number of people
  convicted for drug offences.13                                                     treatment (see page 10 for
                                          who use the drug, how frequently           more on this).
• Amongst cannabis users, nearly
                                          they use it and how potent it is        • Update the Psychoactive
  twice as many Mäori report legal
                                        • educate people about the risks             Substances Act 2013 to regulate
  problems as non-Mäori.3
                                        • make it easier for anyone struggling       low harm substances, steering
For new legislation to be a success,      with their use to access support.          people away from more harmful
Mäori need to be partners in its                                                     ones (see page 18 for more
development and implementation.                                                      on this).

                                           “We are constantly

   1,300
                                             asked to create
                                             cultural solutions to
                                             structural problems.
                                             These are structural
                                             problems, and they
   Our proposals will reduce Māori           must have structural
   drug convictions by as many as            solutions.”
   1,300 per year and improve health       	TRACEY MCINTOSH,
   outcomes by ensuring treatment            PROFESSOR OF INDIGENOUS STUDIES
   options are culturally responsive.        AT AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                        Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   09
PRIORITY 3:

Invest more effectively in
prevention, harm reduction
and treatment.
We’d like to see all those who are
struggling with their drug use able
to access a full range of evidence-
based support options at the time

                                                           3.5x
that they need them.
Unfortunately, this vision is far from
the current reality. People face long
waiting lists and struggle to access
the support they need.

                                                                                                 $M
“ Law reform and treatment
  are two sides of the same                                At least 3.5 times more spent
  coin – one won’t work                                    on drug-related law enforcement
  without the other.”                                      than on health interventions17

LET'S FLIP THE SCALES
In 2014/15, to address a
$1.8 billion drug problem,
we spent at least 3.5 times more
on drug-related law enforcement
than on health interventions.17
                                                                      $M
                                                                                             78.3
                                                                                                Health

                                                           273.1
It is more cost-effective and
humane to focus on health
rather than enforcement.

                                                               Police, Courts and
                                                                   Corrections

10   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                      www.drugfoundation.org.nz
INVESTMENT SHOULD BE SPREAD ACROSS:
WE CAN MAKE A REAL IMPACT BY
TARGETING ALL LEVELS OF USE                                   Prevention and education                Treatment
                                                              If people choose to use drugs,          Effective treatment means a range
To be most effective, we need
                                                              they start later in life, use less      of options to suit different people
targeted approaches for each group
                                                              frequently and experience               – from peer support, iwi-based
shown in the diagram below, from
                                                              less harm.                              initiatives and one-on-one
those who don’t use drugs at all to
                                                                                                      counselling to more intensive
those who are severely dependent.                             Harm reduction
                                                                                                      methods like detox or residential
This means investing in a full                                This includes information and           treatment. We need to increase
range of evidence-based and                                   tools that reduce the risk of drug      funding to the whole sector and
culturally responsive options,                                harm, for example, providing            especially at the low threshold end
not just clinical treatment.                                  sterile injecting equipment, drug       (those who don’t meet the strict
                                                              checking at festivals or shorter        criteria for formal treatment).
                                                              opening hours for alcohol retailers.

                                                                                                             WE RECOMMEND:
 NO CURRENT          RECREATIONAL        HAZARDOUS            MILD                  MODERATE/SEVERE
                                                                                                       • Double the treatment budget
 USE                 USE                 USE                  DEPENDENCE            DEPENDENCE
                                                                                                          to eliminate waiting lists.
                                                                                    MEDICAL
                                                                                                       • Fund a full range of treatment
                                                                                    ASSISTANCE,
                                                                                    INTENSIVE             options, including community-
                                                                                    PROGRAMME             based and whānau-based services.
                                                               COMMUNITY-LEVEL SUPPORT,                • Invest in drug prevention
                                                               COUNSELLING, SUPPORTED
                                                               WITHDRAWAL, RESPITE CARE                   and education.
                                                                                                       • Remove legal barriers to
                                           BRIEF INTERVENTION,                                            harm-reduction services such
                                           HARM REDUCTION                                                 as drug checking.
                                                                                                       • Fund a campaign to destigmatise
                      HARM MINIMISATION,                                                                  addiction and encourage
                      SELF-MANAGEMENT AND SELF-CARE                                                       help-seeking.
                                                                                                       • Fund better research on
 EVIDENCED-BASED INFORMATION                                                                              drug use and treatment needs.
 AND AWARENESS RAISING

Source: National Committee for Addictions Treatment (NCAT). Shaping the Sector.20

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                                             Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   11
PRIORITY 4:

Reduce drug harm in
communities and respond
to emerging challenges.
Although not using drugs at all
is the best option, this is not                            DRUG TESTING IN
a realistic goal for everyone.                             THE WORKPLACE
Inevitably, people will take drugs,
                                                               WE RECOMMEND:                   Workplaces increasingly drug-test
sometimes in harmful ways.
                                                                                               employees. Although this may be
For those who do, our focus is
                                                            • Strengthen the advice given to   appropriate in some settings (for
on preventing and reducing the                                                                 example, safety-sensitive sites),
                                                              employers and employees on
harm that they experience.                                                                     drug testing is often carried out
                                                              the appropriate use of drug
We proactively identify emerging                              testing and how to keep          inappropriately (for example,
issues across New Zealand, design                             workplaces safe.                 testing office staff). We advise
innovative solutions and assist                                                                employers how to minimise the
communities to implement them.                                                                 risk of drug impairment in the
These are some pressing issues                                                                 workplace and provide advice
we are working on.                                                                             on how testing should be used.

12   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                       www.drugfoundation.org.nz
DRUG CHECKING AT                   EARLY WARNING
   FESTIVALS AND ELSEWHERE            SYSTEM

        WE RECOMMEND:                      WE RECOMMEND:                 New Zealand’s National Drug
                                                                         Policy calls for the establishment
     • Remove legal barriers           • Direct the Ministry of Health   of a multi-agency early warning
       to drug checking in the           urgently to implement a         system in 2017, but this hasn’t
       Misuse of Drugs Act.              multi-agency early warning      happened. We need a way to
                                         system to monitor emerging      monitor and promptly alert the
                                         drug trends.                    public, health agencies and Police
   This year, the Drug
                                                                         to any new and harmful drug
   Foundation partnered with
                                                                         trends. An early warning system
   KnowYourStuffNZ to provide
                                                                         could have given us valuable
   free drug checking at festivals.
                                                                         information before and during the
   We provided people with
                                                                         synthetic cannabinoids crisis that
   accurate information to help
                                                                         led to more than 20 deaths in
   them make better decisions
                                                                         2017 and may have saved lives.
   and stay safe. The results
   speak for themselves:

   31%
   of the drugs tested were not
   what people expected.21

   52%
   of people said they wouldn’t
   take the substance when their
   drugs were not what they
   thought they were.21

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   13
PRIORITY 4: CONTINUED

Reduce drug harm in
communities and respond
to emerging challenges.

     METHAMPHETAMINE
     RESIDUE IN HOUSES

          WE RECOMMEND:                                     New Zealand spent $52 million                     New Zealand’s National Drug
                                                            last year remediating state houses                Policy calls for agencies to work
      • Fund research on                                    that contained residues of                        together to address drug issues
        methamphetamine residue                             methamphetamine22. In fact,                       and identifies secure housing as
        in homes and review the                             there is no scientific evidence                   a key protective factor in reducing
        New Zealand standards                               that living in a house where                      drug harm. Housing New Zealand
        accordingly.                                        methamphetamine has previously                    actively undermines this with its
      • End Housing New Zealand’s                           been smoked causes harm. The                      ‘zero tolerance’ approach to drug
        ‘zero tolerance’ policy towards                     cost is mind-boggling, but so are                 use in its homes.

                                                                                                              $52M
        tenants suspected of using                          the social justice implications –
        drugs. Provide support instead.                     many Housing New Zealand
      • Dimiss the Residential                              clients were forced to leave their
        Tenancies Act Amendment Bill                        homes and are now homeless and
        (see page 17 for more on that).                     facing huge debts, along with their
                                                                                                              spent last year remediating state
                                                            children and dependants.                          houses that contained residues
                                                                                                              of methamphetamine.
                                                                                Photo credit: Russell Brown

14    Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                                       www.drugfoundation.org.nz
NALOXONE FOR                         SUPPORTING
   OVERDOSE PREVENTION                  COMMUNITIES

        WE RECOMMEND:                        WE RECOMMEND:                    As part of our Tautäwhihia Kaua
                                                                              e Whiu programme, we support
     • Urgent action to fund             • Invest in iwi-led and              Mäori communities to respond
       and distribute naloxone             community-led health and           to the disproportionate harm
       emergency overdose kits             wellbeing initiatives.             caused to them by both drugs
       to people using opioids,          • Reform our drug laws, which        and our drug laws. We bring
       their families and                  are particularly harsh on Māori,   local politicians and communities
       service providers.                  and provide support instead.       together around drug issues and
                                                                              lead advocacy training to make
                                        We work alongside communities         sure everyone’s voice is heard in
   We prioritise our advocacy                                                 discussions around law reform
                                        to reduce drug harm and support
   towards those most at risk                                                 and healthy treatment models.
                                        initiatives that help individuals
   of drug overdose. Death is
                                        and whänau struggling with drug
   something you cannot
                                        use, particularly methamphetamine.
   recover from.
   New Zealand records around                                                                                 Photo credit: Hillena Parsons
   37 opioid overdose deaths per
   year23, but the actual number is
   likely much higher24. Naloxone
   can reverse opioid overdoses,
   and in other countries, it is
   distributed widely. This should
   be happening in New Zealand,
   both to save lives now and to
   prepare for a potential opioid
   crisis like that in North America.
   Although naloxone was
   reclassified for distribution
   in emergency overdose kits in
   2016, the government has failed
   to make the medicine available.

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                     Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017        15
Important decisions
for 2018.
These important legislative                                MISUSE OF DRUGS
reviews and amendments are                                 (MEDICINAL CANNABIS AND
                                                           OTHER MATTERS) AMENDMENT BILL
already on the agenda for 2018.
We are just a phone call away if
you need further information on                                 WE RECOMMEND:
any of these topics.
                                                            • Support the Bill through its first
                                                              reading to enable the select
                                                              committee to research this
                                                              issue in depth.

                                                           This amendment Bill is likely to
                                                           have its first reading in early 2018.
                                                           It proposes legalising the use and
                                                           cultivation of raw cannabis by
                                                           those who suffer from a debilitating
                                                           condition or terminal illness.
                                                           We support a ‘gold standard’ model
                                                           in which cannabis must go through
                                                           the same research and approval

                                                                                                   79%
                                                           process as any other medicine.
                                                           However, it will take time for
                                                           a full range of affordable
                                                           pharmaceutical-grade cannabis
                                                           products to be developed.
                                                           Patients deserve accessible, safe
                                                           and affordable medicine now.
                                                           This Bill seeks to give them that and
                                                           can work as a stop-gap measure until    of New Zealanders
                                                           a gold standard system is in place.     support cannabis law
                                                                                                   reform for pain relief.
                                                                                                   CURIA POLL, AUGUST 2017

16   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                            www.drugfoundation.org.nz
RESIDENTIAL TENANCIES                                                           REVIEW OF THE OFFENCES AND
AMENDMENT BILL 1986 (NO. 2)                                                     PENALTY REGIME FOR PERSONAL
                                                                                POSSESSION WITHIN THE MISUSE
                                                                                OF DRUGS ACT 1975
      WE RECOMMEND:                    Instead, it has been driven by                  WE RECOMMEND:
                                       Housing New Zealand’s ‘zero
 • Do not pass this into law.          tolerance’ approach to tenants            • Revise the penalties for personal
 • Fund research on                    taking drugs in their properties,            possession of drugs in line
   methamphetamine residue in          by the media response to that and            with the Law Commission’s
   homes and review the New Zealand    by the methamphetamine testing               recommendations and our model
   standards accordingly.              and remediation industry.                    drug law Whakawātea te Huarahi.
 • End Housing New Zealand’s ‘zero
                                       While methamphetamine labs
   tolerance’ policy towards tenants
   suspected of using drugs. Provide   can contain a range of dangerous         The National Drug Policy commits
   support instead.                    chemicals with very real health          the government to develop options
                                       risks, there is no scientific evidence   to minimise harm relating to
 For more information:
 drugfoundation.org.nz/policy-and-     of health harms from living in a         penalties for personal possession
 advocacy/meth-in-nz/                  non-lab property. Despite this, a        of drugs. The current prohibition
                                       New Zealand standard has been            approach is costly and harmful.
                                       created that sets methamphetamine        We recommend removing criminal
                                       levels above which houses should         penalties for use and possession of
This Bill has been to select
                                       be ‘remediated’.                         drugs and drug utensils.
committee and is due for its second
reading. It is meant to address        This Bill takes it a step further and    This should be the first step of a
methamphetamine ‘contamination’        gives landlords the power to evict       much wider review of New Zealand
in rental houses. We think the Bill    tenants with only seven days’            drug laws.
is fundamentally flawed.               notice when methamphetamine
                                       residue is found. This will cause
The debate about the health risks
                                       significant financial and social
of living in a house where
                                       harm to vulnerable people.
methamphetamine has previously
been smoked (‘non-labs’) has not
arisen from concerns raised by the
medical or scientific establishment.

www.drugfoundation.org.nz                                                       Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   17
CONTINUED

Important decisions
for 2018.

REVIEW OF THE PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES ACT 2013

       WE RECOMMEND:                                        The Act was created on the                Tragically, more than 20
                                                            understanding that a regulated            New Zealanders died using
 • Support any proposed changes                             market is much safer than an              unregulated synthetic psychoactive
     that help the Act work as it was                       unregulated black market, where           substances in 2017. Could a
     originally intended, allowing                          profit is the only motive. In a black     working Act have prevented these
     low-harm substances to be                              market, products are not tested, and      deaths? Yes and no. The reality
     strictly regulated.                                    no one is accountable if a product        is that there will always be
                                                            causes harm or even death.                dangerous new drugs entering
                                                                                                      the market and people willing
                                                            Unfortunately, the legislation was
The Psychoactive Substances Act                                                                       to try them, but there’s a
                                                            passed very quickly, with limited
is due for review in 2018.                                                                            compelling argument that
                                                            public education about itst purpose.
                                                                                    rin    016 a      regulating low-risk substances
When the Act was passed, new
                                                                                R p rch 2and
                                                            Some communities epanicked,
                                                                                                      would steer most people away
substances were being produced                              political decision was   a to insert
                                                                                    made
so quickly there wasn’t time to                                              a t 1 M testing of       from serious harm.
make each illegal before the next
                                                                         as
                                                            a clause banning   animal
                                                            any new drugs. This rendered the
was developed.                                              Act unworkable, and no products
                                                            have been approved for sale.
Thousands of untested products
were legally on sale, and no one
knew their health effects.
The Act made all psychoactive
substances illegal by default.
However, if a substance could be
proven to pose no more than a low
risk of harm, it could be approved
                                                                                                                                01   3
                                                                                                                           ct 2
for sale under strict regulations.

                                                                                                                 es    A
                                                                                                      bs   t anc
                                                                                                e S u               No
                                                                                                                          53
                                                                                      ctiv                      1 3              3
                                                                                    a                        20           201
                                                                               ch o                  c t
                                                                                                              17 J
                                                                                                                    u l y
                                                                           Psy          P u b lic A
                                                                                                       n t            s e c t i on 2
                                                                                             o f asse           see
                                                                                          e                t
                                                                                      Dat        c e men
                                                                                        m  m  en
                                                                                                              n t e nts www.drugfoundation.org.nz
18
                                                                                     Co                    Co
      Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017
REFERENDUM ON LEGALISING
THE PERSONAL USE OF CANNABIS

      WE RECOMMEND:

 • Quickly set the date of the
   referendum, ensuring adequate
   time for consultation, especially
   with those most affected by the
   current drug laws.
 • Fund an evidence-based
   information campaign to make
   sure the public understands
   the issues.
 • Ensure health, social justice
   and community development
   are central to any public debate
   around changing the law.

As you will be aware, a referendum
on legalising cannabis will take
place in 2020 or before. It is vital
the public understand the issues
so they can make an informed
decision in the referendum.

www.drugfoundation.org.nz              Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017   19
Who we are.
We are a highly skilled and diverse team including                                                CONTACT:
academics, health practitioners, policy advisers                                                  Ross Bell
and education specialists. We work closely with                                                   Executive Director
                                                                                                  Phone: 04 801 6303
MPs on a range of issues, so please be in touch.                                                  Mobile: 021 499 292
                                                                                                  Email: ross.bell@drugfoundation.org.nz

 BOARD

Tuari Potiki (Chair)                          Matthew Allen (Deputy Chair)          Khylee Quince                       Anna Jacob
Director of Māori Development at              Director and owner of public policy   Senior Lecturer and Associate       Social Intrapreneur at
Otago and of Kai Tahu, Kāti Māmoe             consultancy Allen + Clarke            Head of School at AUT School        The Southern Initiative
and Waitaha descent                                                                 of Law and of Ngāpuhi and
                                                                                    Ngāti Porou descent

Deb Fraser                                    Dr Greg Hamilton                      Jim Matheson                        Lizzie Marvelly
Director of Whakaata Tohu Tohu/               Lead Service Transition for           Education system and organisation   Public speaker, media
Mirror Services                               Canterbury District Health Board      performance consultant              commentator, editor, columnist,
                                                                                                                        producer and musician and of
                                                                                                                        Ngāti Whakaue descent

 STAFF

Ross Bell                           Anna Tonks                       Ben Birks Ang                Gilbert Taurua               Kali Mercier
Executive Director                  Senior Health Promotion          National Youth Services      Principal Adviser,           Senior Adviser, Policy and
                                    and Policy Adviser               Adviser                      Tautāwhihia, Kaua e whiu     Advocacy

Melanie Saxton                      Natalie Bould                    Nathan Brown                 Samuel Andrews               Stephen Blyth
Administrator                       Communications Adviser           Drug Demand Reduction        Harm Reduction Projects      Communications Manager
                                                                     Manager                      Adviser

20    Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                                       www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Take advantage
of our resources.
Our mission is to be the catalyst for people, their
communities, service providers and policy makers
to take action that prevents drug harm.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Matters
                                                                                                                            tance.                                                                                         of Subs
                                                                                                                     of Subs                                                                                                      tance.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   octobe

                                                                                                             Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            r 2017
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Volume
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28 Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         No.3 www.dr
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ugfound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ation.or
                                                                                                                                                                           g.nz                                                                                                    g.nz
                                                                                                                                                                   ation.or
                                                                                                                                                         ugfound
                                                                                                                                              No.1 www.dr
                                                                                                                                   28 Issue
                                                                                                                     2017 Volume
                                                                                                             march

              How to stay in control

                                                                                                                                                                                                 We
                                                                                                                                                                                                sho
                                                                                                                                                                                                haveuld
                                                                                                                                                ga                                              known
                                                                                                                                        Poundin beat
                                                                                                                                        helpful
                                                                                                                                                                                                The recen
                                                                                                                                                                                               deaths     t extraordin
                                                                                                                                                                                                      linke            ary
                                                                                                                                                                                               use could d with synth spate of 20
                                                                                                                                                                               line are                                  etic
                                                                                                                                                                                              signs werehave been avoid cannabinoid
                                                                                                                                                                  at the frontthat is being
                                                                                                                                                           others                                        there, but        ed. The
                                                                                                                                               Police and ort, somethingget more?                                   who was         warning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               listening?
                                                                                                                                                        supp              we
                                                                                                                                               offering ved. How can
                                                                                                                                                well recei

METHHELP, DRUGHELP, POTHELP                            LIVING SOBER                                       MATTERS OF SUBSTANCE
These online and hard copy resources                   A vibrant online community for                     Our regular print and online magazine
offer hope, motivation and useful tools                people struggling with their alcohol               is one way we share the best evidence
to support change for people who are                   use. Over 5,000 members use it to                  on drug policy and practice. A mix of
ready to reduce or quit using drugs.                   share wisdom, kindness, encouragement              articles, candid interviews and
                                                       and understanding.                                 compelling personal stories.

HARM REDUCTION INFORMATION
Mini pocket cards offer harm reduction                 DID YOU KNOW?
advice for young people. A collaboration
with government, NGOs and                              A series of youth-friendly resources with facts about different drugs,
communities to provide accurate,                       including advice for adults to have safe conversations with young
accessible information.                                people about drug use and harm reduction. Videos in te reo Mäori and
                                                       English and posters in te reo Mäori, English and Chinese (traditional).

                                                                                                       GET IN TOUCH

64 239%           TO                                  REQUESTS FOR OUR RESOURCES                       We can supply any of
                                                      HAVE SKYROCKETED BETWEEN                         these resources for
                                                      64% AND 239% IN THE PAST YEAR                    your electoral offices.

References available online at: nzdrug.org/BiP-2017                                                   Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                                                                                                 21
References
1. Source: Ministry of Health. (2017). Annual Update of       9. Source: NZ Herald. (2017, September 14). Police:            18. Matua Raki. (2017). Bridging the gap: Young people
   Key Results 2016/17: New Zealand Health Survey.               Twenty deaths linked to synthetic drugs. New                    and substance use. Wellington: Matua Raki. Retrieved
   Online data tables. Retrieved from https://                   Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.             from https://www.matuaraki.org.nz/uploads/files/
   minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2016-17-            co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_                                    resource-assets/MR-Youth-AOD-resource-WEB.pdf
   tier-1/                                                       id=1&objectid=11922356                                      19. Source: Eastwood, N., Fox, E. & Rosmarin, A. (2016). A
2. Source: Ministry of Health. (2010). Drug Use in New        10. Source: Frykberg, E. (2017, November 10). Synthetic            quiet revolution: Drug decriminalisation across the
   Zealand: Key Results of the 2007/08 New Zealand                drugs link fears in Hutt Valley man’s death. Radio             globe. Release, Drugs, The Law & Human Rights.
   Alcohol and Drug Use Survey. Wellington: Ministry of           New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.radionz.               Retrieved from: https://www.tni.org/files/publication-
   Health. Retrieved from https://www.health.govt.nz/             co.nz/news/national/343529/synthetic-drug-                     downloads/a_quiet_revolution_march_31_2016.pdf
   system/files/documents/publications/drug-use-in-nz-            suspected-in-hutt-valley-death                             20. Source: National Committee for Addiction Treatment.
   v2-jan2010.pdf                                             11. Source: Mental Health Commission. (2011). National             (2017). Shaping the sector. Retrieved from: http://
3. Source: Ministry of Health. (2015). Cannabis Use               Indicators 2011. Measuring mental health and                   ncat.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/NCAT-shaping-the-
   2012/13: New Zealand Health Survey. Wellington:                addiction in New Zealand. Mental Health                        sector-single-pages-full.pdf
   Ministry of Health. Retrieved from https://www.                Commission: Wellington. Retrieved from http://www.         21. Know Your Stuff NZ. (2017). Our Results. Retrieved
   health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/            hdc.org.nz/media/199059/national%20indicators%20               from https://knowyourstuff.nz/our-results/
   cannabis-use-2012-13-nzhs-may15-v2.pdf                         2011%20measuring%20mental%20health%20
                                                                  and%20addiction%20in%20new%20zealand.pdf                   22. Macdonald, B. (2017, October 2). Meth testing: $52m
4. Source: Ministry of Health. (2010). The 2007/08 New                                                                           on an irrational fear. Newsroom. Retrieved from
   Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey. Online data           12. Source: Ministry of Health (2017, September 11).               https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/10/01/50790/
   tables. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from         Email correspondence.                                          meth-testing-52m-on-an-irrational-fear
   http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/2007-08-new-         13. Source: Ministry of Justice (2017). Official information
   zealand-alcohol-and-drug-use-survey-online-data-                                                                          23. Ministry of Health. (2015). Number of accidental
                                                                  request from NZ Drug Foundation.                               poisoning and mental and behavioural disorder deaths
   tables
                                                              14. Source: Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit.            where opioid poisoning was recorded on the death
5. Source: Oakley Browne, M. A., Wells, J. E., Scott, K. M.       (2015). What works: Reducing the impact of alcohol             record, 2004-2011. Official information request.
   (eds). (2006). Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand               on family violence. Wellington: SUPERU. Retrieved
   Mental Health Survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health.                                                                     24. Source: Coffin, P. (2012). Under estimated and
                                                                  from http://www.superu.govt.nz/sites/default/files/            overlooked: A global review of drug overdose and
   Retrieved from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/              What_works_Alcohol_%26_Violence.pdf
   files/documents/publications/mental-health-survey.                                                                            overdose prevention, in C. Cook (Eds.), Global State of
   pdf                                                        15. National Committee for Addiction Treatment and                 Harm Reduction 2010: Key issues for broadening the
                                                                  Platform (2013). A Profile of Alcohol and Other Drug           response, (pp. 113-119). London: International Harm
6. Source: Health Promotion Agency. (2017). Alcohol               Treatment Services in Aotearoa New Zealand.                    Reduction.
   and crime. Retreived from https://www.alcohol.org.             Retrieved from: http://ncat.org.nz/profiling-aod/
   nz/resources-research/facts-and-statistics/
   nz-statistics/alcohol-and-crime                            16. Source: Beaton, S., Cain, T., Robinson, H., Hearn, V. &
                                                                  ThinkPlace. (2015). An insight into the experience of
7. Source: Ministry of Health. (2017). Health effects of          rough sleeping in central Auckland. Retrieved from
   smoking. Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/            https://www.lifewise.org.nz/wp-content/
   your-health/healthy-living/addictions/smoking/                 uploads/2016/01/rough-sleeping-report.pdf
   health-effects-smoking
                                                              17. McFadden Consultancy. (2016). The New Zealand
8. Source: NZ Drug Foundation. (2017). About                      drug harm index 2016 (2nd edn). Wellington: Ministry
   methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://drughelp.               of Health. Retrieved from https://www.health.govt.nz/
   org.nz/a-bit-about-drugs/meth/about-meth                       publication/research-report-new-zealand-drug-harm-
                                                                  index-2016

22     Briefing to the Incoming Parliament | December 2017                                                                                            www.drugfoundation.org.nz
Our mission is to be the
catalyst for people, their
communities, service providers
and policy makers to take action
that prevents drug harm.

                                   www.drugfoundation.org.nz
You can also read