CERES application: Field case studies to estimate N2O emissions from cropping systems within the LCA context - Pietro Goglio
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CERES application: Field case studies to estimate N2O emissions
from cropping systems within the LCA context
Pietro Goglio
Goals, scope and methodology Developing a method for cropping systems GHG emission estimation compatible with LCA Testing the evaluation method with data coming from the field Identifying possible improvements and evaluating agricultural systems and techniques more suitable for biomass production
Modelling strategy
Bibliographic review
Are there previous No
attempts to model
this crop? No
Yes Is the crop similar to
other previously
Yes modelled?
Inclusion of crop
parameters in CERES Soil and soil
growth module denitrification Bayesian
modules calibration
(CERES-EGC)
Modelling strategy
Bibliographic review
Are there previous No
attempts to model
this crop? No
Yes Is the crop similar to
other previously
Yes modelled?
Inclusion of crop
parameters in CERES Soil and soil
growth module denitrification Bayesian
modules calibration
(CERES-EGC)
Modelling strategy
Crop category Crop concerned Adaptation strategy
Previously modelled with Winter wheat, Appropriate module will
CERES Sunflower, be utilized
Corn,
Rapeseed,
Barley
Winter cereals not modelled Durum wheat, CERES wheat
with CERES Triticale,
Oat
Leguminous crop Faba beans, CERES pea will adapted
(Fabaceae) not modelled Clover,
with CERES Common Vetch
Other crop not modelled Linseed CERES with parameters
with CERES Other crops present in the taken from literature
cover crop mixture
CERES Modifications
CERES PEA
•growth,
•light interception,
•phenological stages
•Temperature sensitivity
•Cutting simulation
•Root to shoot ratio
•Temperature
sensitivity
Clover
Clover/Oat
mixture
CERES Modifications
CERES PEA •growth,
•growth, •light interception,
•light interception, •grain filling
•phenological stages •daylight parameters
•phenological stages
•Temperature sensitivity
•Temperature sensitivity
•Cutting simulation •Root to shoot ratio
•Root to shoot ratio
•Temperature Faba bean
sensitivity
Clover
Clover/Oat
mixture
CERES Modifications
CERES PEA •growth,
•growth, •light interception,
•light interception, •grain filling
•phenological stages •daylight parameters
•phenological stages
•Temperature sensitivity
•Temperature sensitivity
•Cutting simulation •Root to shoot ratio
•Root to shoot ratio
•Temperature Faba bean
sensitivity
Clover
•growth,
•light
interception
Clover/Oat •phenological
Common vetch
mixture stages
•Temperature
sensitivity
CERES Modifications
Crop failure
•Introduction of reseeding date in CERES-
Maize
•Introduction of an end of simulation
variable in CERES-Colza End of
simulation
•Introduction of a theoretical yield variable
in CERES-PEA (Fababeans)
Theoretical
Faba bean
biomass
yield
CERES results with real data
maize triticale oat faba bean rapeseed
50%GHG cropping
system: aiming at
halving GHG
Rotation:FB-Rs-
CC+LCC-WW-
CC+LCC-Ba-CC+LCC-
Ma-XT-CC
winter wheat white mustard barley buckwheat
PHEP cropping
system: productivity
and high
environmental
performance
Rotation:FB-WW-Rs-
WW-BM or WM-BaCERES results with real data
Soil NH4+
predictionCERES results with real data
Soil NO3-
predictionCERES results with real data
Soil
moisture
predictionCERES results with real data
NH4 NO3 Soil N2O
moisture
bias 13.77 kg N -6.74 kg N 0.01 m3 m-3 -0.89 g N2O-
ha-1 ha-1 N ha-1 d-1
RMSEP 3.69 kg N ha- 9.89 kg N ha- 0.06 m3 m-3 5.35 g N2O-
1 1
N ha-1 d-1
EF 0.01 -0.38 0.62 0.07
Spearman correlation test r 0.851* -0.030 0.817* 0.156 *
Spearman correlation exact test *
50%GHG PHEP
Values Barley WW Triticale Barley WW
Bias
(g N2O-N ha-1 d-1) -1.84 -0.18 0.18 -1.57 0.59
RMSEP
(g N2O-N ha-1 d-1) 7.42 1.36 0.14 7.29 0.66CERES and IPCC emission factors results
Crop Trial Croppi N applied with CERES-EGC IPCC N2O-N
ng fertiliser N2O-N emissions (g ha-1
system (kg N ha-1) emissions y-1)
(g ha-1 y-1)
Winter ICC PHEP 90a 1604 2410
Wheat
Barley ICC PHEP 60a 526 1542
Barley ICC 50%GH 80a 320 1755
G
Faba beans ICC PHEP 0 1081 507
Faba beans ICC 50%GH 0 1267 444
G
Durum CIMAS HI 92b +52c 1258 2131
Wheat
Durum CIMAS LI 46b+26c 1240 1424
Wheat
Faba beans CIMAS HI 0 771 478
Faba beans CIMAS LI 0 784 463CERES results in Agricultural LCAs
CERES results in Agricultural LCAs
DM (Mg ha-1)
year
----- Above ground biomass YieldCERES results in Agricultural LCAs
DM (Mg ha-1)
year
----- Above ground biomass YieldCERES results in Agricultural LCAs
CERES results in Agricultural LCAs
Cropping system issues
•Long term simulation (more than 3-4 years)
•Unpreviewed farming practices
•Crop change in the middle of the season (reseeding)
•Not well established farming practices, often difficult to model
•Different species belonging to different botanical families (Fabaceae,
Poaceae, Asteraceae, Poligonaceae, Brassicaceae)
•Different phenological development
•Variation in soil-plant interaction
•Presence of cover crops or minor crops less studied
•Cropping system trials have often different targets from the research which
cannot be changedCERES strengths:
•Code availability
•Many crops modelled
•Good prediction for:
• N2O emissions, both in intensity and timing
•soil moisture
•Soil NH4+ content
•cereal yield
•Tested previously in a wide range of sites in Europe with different climatic
conditions
•Highly tested for French conditionsCERES drawbacks: •The code often complex •Code not similar for all the crops •Rigid structure based on crops •Rigid formalism due to FORTRAN •Limited GUI •No graphical results directly available •Unsatisfactory prediction of soil NO3- •No good prediction of soil moisture during thawing periods •High N2O emissions often not well predicted in terms of intensity, presence of residual emissions after peaks not confirmed by field measurements (probably due to a lack in precision in soil nitrate availability on topsoil)
Perspectives: •The integration of other crops •Improving prediction with high N2O fluxes •Integration of other farming practices (e.g. cuttings) within the model •Model simplification procedures •Definition of procedures to follow to integrate model results as LCA input in cropping system LCA
Thanks for your
attention
Acknowledgements:
A special thanks goes to Prof. Gabrielle, Dr Roche and Prof. Ney
I would like also to acknowledge Prof. Doré, Prof. Bonari, Prof.
Mazzoncini, Dr. Colnenne, Dr Ragaglini, Dr. Laville, Dr. Bosco,
Dr. Di Bene, Mrs Decuq, Mr Grandeau and Mr GueudetYou can also read
