Demand Response: Potentials in Industry - TU Graz
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
W I S S E N T E C H N I K L E I D E N S C H A F T
Demand Response:
Potentials in Industry
Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Institute for Electricity Economics and Energy Innovation
Graz University of Technology
1st EDRC Workshop
12th Symposium Energy Innovation
Feb. 16th 2012, Graz University of Technology
www.IEE.tugraz.atDemand Response Potentials in Industry
2
Why should DR be taken into account?
• Peak load problem ⇒ high peak prices
– Establishment of capacity markets is on the way
• Renewable generation ⇒ storage problem
• High prices in markets for control power
– DR can increase liquidity of markets for system services
• Emergency situations
– Adequacy or frequency problems
– Congestions or voltage problems in distribution grids
• Why DR in industrial plants?
+ Professional energy management
+ Switching, metering and communication devices already exist
+ 1 cement mill = 1.000 refrigerator
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
3
Duration Curve of Electrictiy Demand
10000
9000 2006
8000
7000
MW
Leistungin[MW]
6000
5000 9600
Demand
2006
9400
4000
9200
400 MW
3000
9000
2000
8800
35 h ⇒ Load shedding!
1000 8600
0 50 100 150 200
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Dauer in
Duration [h]h
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
4
The highest 1% of demand (1)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Occurrence probability
60 60%
50 50%
Occurrence probability in a specific month
Frequency of occurrence (count)
40 40%
30 30%
20 20%
10 10%
0 0%
January February March to October November December
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
5
The highest 1% of demand (2)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Occurrence probability
30 30%
Occurrence probability in a specific hour
25 25%
Frequency of occurrence (count)
20 20%
15 15%
10 10%
5 5%
0 0%
07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00
Hour
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
6
Which industries are fitting to DR?
+ Power intensive production process
+ Storable products or intermediate goods
+ Possibility for cheap product storage
+ Discontinuous (batch) production processes
+ 2/3 shift and weekend production
+ Plant with certain overcapacities
+ Robust machines and plants
+ Immediate/fast switch-off or short interruption is possible
+ Industrial sector with overcapacities
(or recession period)
– just-in-time production, high deadline pressure
– Long start-up duration
+ Innovative management or energy manager!
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 20127
specific power consumption in kWh/1000€
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
0
mineral oil processing 4.482
paper and paperboard 2.867
mining and quarrying 1.616
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012
iron and steel 1.358
chemicals 1.204
energy supply 1.137
recycling 935
wood processing 821
glas, ceramics, cement 805
textiles 683
Demand Response Potentials in Industry
rubber and plastics 655
rail traffic 601
foods and feeding stuff 387
broadcast and communications eng. 345
leather and shoes 328
agriculture, forestry and fishing 326
fabricated metal products 287
electric motors, batteries … 280
vehicle manufacturing 258
water supply 228
lobbying 203
accomodation and restaurants 191
office equipment 185
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
sports equipment and toys 184
machine building 172
publishing, printing, media 167
culture, sports, entertainment 116
aviation 112
clothing 104
“Power intensity” of products
sewerage and waste managment 103
postal and telecom. service 98
public health, veterinary, welfare 92
retail sale 90
shipping 88
shipbuilding, train manufacturing 87
low potential for DR
public administration, social security 70
high potential for DR
per gross value added
trading, car repair 51
medium potential for DR
mean power consumption
civil engineering 42Demand Response Potentials in Industry
8
How can DR become smart?
processes
unit operations .
a b ...
1
1 storage
prod.-capacity
2
raw 3 2
limiting
materials, process products
4 3
feedstock
5 storage ...
...
production chain
• Stopping pre-processes and post-processes for a short period of time
does not decrease product output.
• Never switch of the limiting process!
• “Energy service battery”: Store the product instead of electricity!
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
9
Cement production process 10 MW load
rubble stone dust clinker
quarry crusher storage and drying Separation burning,
homogenization rinding sintering
0,6 MW
2.15 MW
Limiting
2 MW
process
rotary kiln
clinker cement
storage and grinding storage silos filling/packing, shipping transport
homogenization
3-5 MW
clinker silo cement mill
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012
Source: VDZDemand Response Potentials in Industry
10
Other Potentials for DR in Industry
• Paper industry: refiners 30 – 40 MW
• Mining, quarries: crushers, grinders, sieves
• Iron and steel: electric arc furnaces 5 – 30 MW
rolling mill
• Nonferr. metals: electric arc furnace 10 MW
electrolyser
• Cooling plants: up to 1 MW
• Technical gases: liquefaction 10 – 13 MW
• Bulk chemicals: Chloralkali process 10 – 20 MW
Calcium carbide smelter 7 MW
• Discussion with plant operators will show additional
potentials! ⇒ Care about your clients´ ´ needs!
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
11
Medium-size Quarries
80%
Betrieb A, A,
2005
working hours.
Company 2005
zu /Betriebsstunden
70% Betrieb
CompanyA, A,
2000
2000
Company
Betrieb B, B, 2005
2005
60% Average
Durchschnitt
50%
hours
40%
Volllast-
30%
full load
Verhältnis
20%
Ratio:
10%
0%
Jän Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez
Low plant utilization during winter ⇒ perfectly fitting for load shedding.
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
12
Chloralkali process
membrane Cl2
Membran-
NaCl + H2O Elektrolyseur
electrolyser H2
NaOH + H2O
2,79 MWh/tCl2
2 H2O + 2 NaCl(aq) → H2 + Cl2 + 2 Na+ + 2 OH–
typ. plant capacity: 50 – 200 ktCl2/a
⇒ 140 – 560 GWh/a
⇒ 16 – 65 MW
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
13
Control power from electrolysers
Chloralkali electrolysers in Mercury Diaphragm Membrane
Others Sum
Germany process process process
Number of plants 13 3 4 3 23
Capacity [kt/a] 1 762 1 446 844 230 4 282
Typical power consumption 2 790
3 560 2 970 2 790 -
[MWh/kt] (est)
Annual consumption
6 273 4 295 2 355 642 13 565
at full load [GWh]
Band load (PN) [MW], 8760h/a 716 490 269 73 1 549
Possible power gradient
in 1 min (1.5% of PN) [MW] 10.7 7.4 4.0 1.1 23.1
in 5 min (7.5% of PN) [MW]
→ secondary control
53.7 36.8 20.2 5.5 116
in 15 min (22.5% of PN) [MW]
→ tertiary control
161.1 110.3 60.5 16.5 348
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
14
Assessment of opportunity costs
Specific opportunity
Company Band load costs in 2005
[MW] [€/(MW·h)]
Paper mill A (mechanical pulp) 95 190
Paper mill B (mechanical pulp) 85 200
Paper mill C (chemical pulp) 30 470
Paper mill D (chemical pulp) 90 400
Production of cellulose 65 550
Cement mill A 13 510
Cement mill B 10 580
Steel works A (carbon steel for structures) 35 210
Steel works B (stainless) 57 570
Iron and steel casting 8,5 730
Copper mill (without electrolysis!) 7,8 950
Wood processing 23 1.340
Aluminium processing 6 440
Aluminium foundry A 10 1.370
Aluminium rolling mill 16,5 2.330
Aluminium foundry B 1,6 3.970
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012Demand Response Potentials in Industry
15
Summary
• The demand reached the limits of the generation fleet.
• 5% of generation capacity is necessary for 1% of time!
• The DR potential in Austria is in the range of 400 MW
(≈4% of peak load)
• In the near future, load shedding will be an important
part of an efficient power system.
• Renewable generation leads to a storage problem!
• DR can be used as indirect electricity storage!
• Utilities have to understand their clients needs!
TU Graz I Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnovation | Christoph Gutschi, Daniel Hütter
Graz, Feb. 16, 2012W I S S E N T E C H N I K L E I D E N S C H A F T
Many thanks for your attention!
This project is supported with funds from the Austrian Climate
and Energy Fund and implemented in line with the
"New Energies 2020" program. (www.klimafonds.gv.at)
www.IEE.tugraz.atYou can also read
