Digital Switchover - Brazilian Experience - ITU
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Digital Switchover Brazilian Experience
Brazil - Quick Facts
Area 8.5 million km2
Population 207 million
Density 23.8 / km2
GDP (PPP) US$ 3.2 trillion
GDP (PPP) per capita US$ 15,646
5,570 municipalities
Area 2.9 – 160 thousand km2
Population 0.8 – 12,038 thousand
Density 0.01 – 13,486 people / km2
GDP (PPP) 3.9 – 344,219 US$ million
GDP (PPP) per capita 1.7 – 447 US$ thousand
TV platforms penetration in Brazil
(2017 – 66 million households)
DTT 55%
Analog Terrestrial TV 14%
Free-to-air Satellite 37%
Pay-TV 27%
* some households use more than one TV platform
Terrestrial TV in Brazil
• Free of charge
• Wide variety of quality programs
• Promotes cultural diversity
and national integration
• Main mass communication
platform in the foreseeable
future
ISDB-Tb
Robust modulation against multipath propagation (OFDM)
•
• ~18 Mbps / 6 MHz
• Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4)
• HD video (1080i) / 5.1 audio
• Multiple programs can be multiplexed in a single channel
(quality-quantity trade-off)
• Portable / mobile reception (1Seg)
• Integrated Broadcast-Broadband system (Ginga)
• Spectral Efficiency (Single Frequency Network)
• Accessibility (Closed Caption, Audio Description, Sign Language)
• Emergency Warning Broadcast System
Brazilian DTT Deployment Example – TV Globo
~1,900 municipalities
110 main +
107 main + 533 relay stations
160 366 relay stations
MILLION INHABITTANTS
41 main +
23 relay stations
120
110 main +
415 relay stations
80
40 World
Cup
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Confederations Olympic December 31,
Cup Games 2018
Quality-Quantity Trade-Off
• In Brazil, commercial broadcasters transmit a single program per
6 MHz channel, with a very high quality 1080i HD video
(> 15 Mbps), along with multichannel audio, closed caption and
data-casting in the main layer, and a low definition version of it in
the one-seg layer for portable/mobile reception.
• The availability of a free of charge, high quality distribution platform
has been a strong stimulus to the development of the Brazilian
creative economy, by increasing the audiovisual production
quality, which is not only very popular in Brazil, but also has
become a relevant Brazilian export product.
• Public broadcasters, on the other hand, transmit up to four
programs per 6 MHz channel, to reduce costs and to allow the
introduction of new public TV program services.
DTT Frequency Planning
• Sufficient simulcast time is required to allow most of the public to be ready
for the digital transition.
Analog Terrestrial TV in Brazil:
•
almost 800 main stations and more than 10,000 relay stations
• The analog channels were not distributed evenly
across the different municipalities.
• DTT was introduced using UHF (470–806 MHz) and high-band VHF (174–
216 MHz), sharing these bands with the analog stations.
• Single Frequency Networks were extensively used to
increase the spectrum efficiency.
•The digital channels were also not distributed evenly across different
municipalities. In São Paulo, for example, where the analog television was
switched-off on March 29, 2017, there are currently 34 digital channels in
operation, providing 43 different TV program services.
Industrial Policy
To facilitate the technological transition, Brazil adopted an industrial
policy requiring flat-panel TVs manufactured in the country to have
an integrated ISDB-Tb receiver:
• from 2010 for TVs ≥ 32”
• from 2011 for TVs ≥ 26”
• from 2012 for all TV sizes
The production of CRT TVs (that contained only analog TV receivers) in
Brazil decreased gradually beginning on the introduction of DTT and
ceased in 2014.
Digital Switchover & 700 MHz band
• Since 2016, Brazil is gradually switching-off analog television,
in different regions.
• Up to the end of 2018, Brazil will switch-off the analog TV in all the
state capitals and metropolitan areas, and in all other areas where
the analog switch-off is required to clear the 700 MHz band.Digital Switchover & 700 MHz band • TheDigital Switchover process in Brazil is associated with the implementation of the digital dividend in the 700MHz band. • It was preceded by a long debate between the government, broadcasters and mobile network operators. • It was decided to reserve to the digital switchover process about US$ 1.1 billion from the 700 MHz auction, conducted in 2014.
Digital Switchover Budget
The digital switchover budget was intended to:
• implement communication campaigns about the digital switch-over;Digital Switchover Budget
The digital switchover budget was intended to:
• acquire
and distribute about 13 million
DTT set-top-boxes and antennas to the beneficiary families of the
Federal Government Social Programs;Digital Switchover Budget
The digital switchover budget was intended to:
• perform
a household survey in each municipality, according to the
analog switch-off schedule, to verify the accomplishment of the pre-
determined analog switch-off condition (93% of households using
terrestrial TV should be able to receive DTT);Digital Switchover Budget The digital switchover budget was intended to: • repack 1,034 TV stations to clear the 700 MHz band (including the re-scan communication campaigns);
Digital Switchover Budget
The digital switchover budget was intended to:
• mitigatethe eventual interference problems on TV reception
caused by the beginning of IMT operation on the 700 MHz band;Digital Switchover Budget The digital switchover budget was intended to: • providea website and a 24/7 toll-free call-center to support the affected population in the process
Digital Switchover Governance
• A privatecompany (EAD) was created by the
mobile network operators that won the auction
to operationalize this process.
• A management committee (GIRED) was
created, composed by the government,
broadcasters and mobile network operators.
• Technical
Groups (on TV Reception,
Repacking, Communications and Finances)
were stablished under GIRED, to study and
propose operational guidelines for EAD.Broadcasters Mandatory Communication
Broadcasters Voluntary Communication
Digital Switchover - Partial Results
5 designated areas completed ASO
•
(Rio Verde/GO, Brasília/DF, São Paulo/SP, Goiânia/GO and Recife/PE), comprising
93 municipalities and 15% of the Brazilian population.
• No significant impact on the free-over-the-air TV audience.
Free-over-the-air TV audience (% of households)
São Paulo/SP
Recife/PE
Brasília/DF
Goiânia/GO
Source: Kantar IBOPE Media
1 month 1 month
before ASO after ASO
Positive impact in the national industry
•
(STBs, TVs, receiving antennas, Digital TV transmitters, transmission antennas) and
a renewed interest on free-over-the-air TV by the public.4G/LTE in the 700 MHz band
• The 700 MHz band is being cleared gradually, in each municipality
considered viable by the technical sharing studies
(i.e. without co-channel interference).
• Currently, in 2,023 municipalities the 4G/LTE deployment in the
700 MHz band is already viable.
• 4G/LTE networks are deployed only after the completion of some
preventive actions to avoid possible interferences from the 4G/LTE into
TV receiving systems operating in the adjacent band.Interference Prevention & Correction
• Before the 700 MHz 4G/LTE deployment,
low-pass filters are distributed to every
residential condominium in the municipality,
with instructions to be installed in before the
communal antenna system amplifier.
• The population is informed by an SMS campaign about the beginning of
the new mobile network operations, about the possibility of interference and
about the support call-center number.
• The interference correction support includes providing filters, antennas and
technical visits, as the case may be.
• So far, all the home visits resulted in identifying and fixing TV receiving
installation problems. No interference problem was identified yet.ASO after 2018
• The remaining areas that are not going to have the ASO until 2018 have their ASO
deadline set to December 31, 2023, to allow the population to naturally and
progressively migrate from analog to digital TV without receiving set-top-
boxes, as the currently existing analog TV sets stop working.
Assumptions:
Installed CRT TV base in Brazil No new CRT TV introduced in
(in millions). the market after 2014;
CRT TV lifespan of 10 years.
CRT TVs still working Discarded CRT TVsWhat’s after the Digital Switchover?
• Television display evolution
• Mobile display evolution
• Increasing demand for quality and quantity in audiovisual content
• Increasing demand for broadcast and broadband integration
(e.g. second screen)
• Spectrum is a scarce resource:
Spectral efficiency must continually evolveWhat’s after the Digital Switchover?
Brazilian researches for the next generation broadcasting:
2014
• Field Trial - 4K UHDTV over DVB-T2
2016
• Field Trial – 8K UHDTV over ISDB-T prototype
2017
• Field Trial – 4K UHDTV over ISDB-T (with HEVC)
• Field Trial – ATSC 3.0
• Creation of the Project UHD-Brazil
• SBTVD Forum started its studies towards the next generation DTTB system in BrazilField Trial of 8K UHDTV over DTT (Rio Olympics 2016)
ISDB-T Future
(Prototype)
• Advanced Modulation
(MIMO, 4096QAM, LDPC etc)
• High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)
• Up to 91 Mbps / 6 MHz
• Full-featured UHD (8K, 120fps, HDR, WCG) /
22.2 audio - for fixed reception
• HD (1080p) / binaural audio –
for portable/mobile reception
• Allows perfect synchronization of broadcast
and broadband content (MMT)
• Advanced Single Frequency Network
(Space Time Coding)Spectrum for the future of broadcasting • Theresult of the WRC-15 that ensured the priority in the use of the 470–698 MHz range for the broadcasting service was of fundamental importance. • Keeping the priority of this service in the use of this frequency band in the long-term is fundamental for it to keep its development and evolution, following the evolution of the displays and of the consumption habits, and to stay competitive facing the evolution of the other audiovisual distribution platforms, without losing its fundamental characteristic of being available to all free of charge.
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