Dr. YOGESH JADEJA - EXPERIECNES OF AQUIFER MAPPING AND GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN URBAN AREAS CASE STUDY OF BHUJ CITY
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EXPERIECNES OF AQUIFER MAPPING AND
GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN URBAN AREAS CASE
STUDY OF BHUJ CITY
PRESENTATION BY
Dr. YOGESH JADEJA
ARID COMMUNITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Bhuj - KachchhINTRODUCTION
THIS PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS
Bhuj City and Lake System
Importance & site condition of the lakes – Hydro
Hydro-geological
geological
Aspects
Water balance analysis and Contribution of Lake and its
catchments in Domestic Water supply
Problems & issues
Planning
Citizen’s Movement
Implementation
pINTRODUCTION
Aim
Self reliant and sustainable decentralized water
resource management planning for urban areas
Obj i
Objectives
•Understand geo‐hydrological characteristics
•Understand
U d t d water t resource potential
t ti l
•Lakes and Urban Watershed
•Groundwater
Groundwater potential
•Identify issues
•Prepare water management plan
•Understand demand supply scenarioBHUJ – A HISTORIC CITY
HAMIRSAR LAKE
• Became capital of Kutch in 1549
• Fort walls built in 1723
• Growth beyond fort walls from 1960s onwards
• Population in Urban Agglomeration - 1,60,000Water Management History of City –
CLASSICAL EXAMPLE HAMIRSAR LAKE
HAMIRSAR LAKE
HAMIRSAR LAKE
• The lake originally existed as a small pond
• It is believed that the lake is named after Rabari Hamirji, who used it for his animals
• About 450 years before, a well designed system was made to collect water into the
central reservoir of Hamirsar
Hamirsar lake was identified as an important source of water for the city
• The
Th system
t worked
k d as recently
tl as 40 years ago
• After the development of the bore wells in 1968 the system disintegrated completelyUNDERSTANDING HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
METHODOLOGY
WELL STUDY – 153
MONITOIRNG - 73
MAPPING
SURFACE GEOLOGICAL MAPPING
TECTONIC FRAMEWORK MAPPING
LANDFORM MAPPING
GW
WATER LEVEL – ISO RWL, GROUNDWATER FLOW,
DEPLETATION
WATER QUALITY
WATER BALANCE
PLANNING AND FEASIBILITY
MICRO WATERSHED
DRINKINGWATER
FLOOD MANAGEMENTTHE HAMIRSAR CATCHMENT SYSTEM – Urban Watershed
ORIGINAL PLANNING APPROACH
Annual average rainfall of Bhuj is Original 7 Pragsar Talav
Catchment Area Catchment
330 mm
HAMIRSAR LAKE
Coefficient of variance in rainfall
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8 Three Lakes
is 65%, which is quite high
6a Manglam
The original catchments was not Area
6c Mochirai
Rakhal 5 Badami Chhela
sufficient to fill the tank Catchment
Catchment
There was need to harness water
from other catchments
1b Haripar Canal
A system was designed to 6b Mirzapar Area
Catchment
connect 3 rivulets through canals
and tunnels and increase water 4a Lakki
Catchment 2 Hamadrai
into the 4 MAJOR lakes : 1a Tapka Catchment
4b Mundra
1 Dhobi Lake, Road Talav
2 Hamirsar Lake, 3 Dhunaraja
3 Chhattedi Lake Catchment
4 Pragsar LakeTHE HAMIRSAR CATCHMENT SYSTEM
4 PRAGSAR LAKE
a. The Dhunaraja,j , 2 HAMIRSAR
Tapka and Lakki LAKE R. Khari
Catchments were 3 CHATTEDI LAKE Ashapura Colony
connected by the
Haripar Canal
Proposal to link Bhuj Irrigation Walled
b. Mirzapar River was Canal(C3) to Pragsar
City
connected by the
Mochirai Canal Bhujiya Fort
1 DHOBI
O LAKE
c. Khari River was e) BHUJ Manglam Area
Badami Chhela Madhapar
connected by the IRRIGATION
Bhuj Irrigation Canal DAM Military Area
Mochirai Rakhal
d) MOCHRAI B.S.F. Area
TANK
When the water Haripar Village
dried in the lakes, Mirzapar
the gates of the Catchment
Diversion Wall b) HAMIDRAI
Feeder dams a, b, Old
O d Well
e TALAV
c, d and
d e were Tapka
opened to replenish Lakki
Catchment
a) DHUNARAJA
the lakes. c) MUNDRA Catchment DAM
ROAD
TALAV Tapkeshwari
Temple
Drainage flow To Mundra Dhunaraja Catchment
Over flowUNDERSTANDING HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
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1 0 1 2
(kl i[m)TrAll y SANDSTONE IS AQUIFER
Pinching Strata
N. Boundary Basalt y DIPPING (in South) AND
SST SLOPE in North) ARE
Clay OPPOSTIE TO EACH
OTHER
Bhujiya Dyke y Total spread about 88 sqkm
E. Boundary
y 8 km N-S
y 11 Km EW
City y Aquifer
q Boundaryy
Katro Fault y South – Katrol Fault
Lake
S. Boundary
y North – Pinching
y East – Dyke of Bhujiya
y West – Dyke 8 km from Hamrisar
lakeGEOLOGICAL & TOPOGRAPHICAL PROFILE
Topographically Bhuj and it’s
surrounding area has a saucer
shaped basin
General slope of the terrain is in
the north direction whereas the
dipping of the strata is in reverse
direction
All the feeder dams are on the
impervious shale strata facilitating
surface water storage
The receiver lakes of
1 Dhobi,
2 Hamirsar,
H i
3 Chattedi and
4 Pragsar
are on sandstone and facilitate
g into the g
recharge ground that is
tapped by over 60 wells in the cityPre and Post Monsoon Water Level Flucturation – Year 2010
Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon
80
80
80
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80
1
70
1
60
90 9 90
ie
9 80 2
[s r
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3040 j LA#ii[t
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40 j LA#ii[t 0.9 0 0.9 1.8 ((k.m)).
25
25
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u B&(j yi[ B& (j yi[
10-30 10-30
30-50 30-50
0.9 0 0.9 1.8 (k.m). 50-70 50-70
70-100 70-1000
RWL Lower Than Mean Sea LevelPre Monsoon Post Monsoon
80
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B&(j yi[ B&(j yi[WATER BUDGET RELATED ASPECTS
g g
Gross domestic water requirement of Bhuj per 9000 ML
year
Demand Existingg ppopulation
p 1,24,000
, ,
Population by 2021 1,55,000
Requirement per person 140 ltr/day
Total requirement per year for Bhuj 9000 ML
Supply Catchment of Hamirsar 34.75 Sq.Km.
Average rainfall 330 mm
Net water coming into 1 14 675 ML
1,14,675
catchment
Run off @ 65% 74,500 ML
Storage Unit Percentage Percentage
of demand of run off
Storage capacity of 3600 ML
H i
Hamirsar
Available for use 2500 ML 27 3
Defecit 6500 ML 72.2 7PRESENT WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT BY MUNICIPALITY
Details Quantity
(
(MLD))
According to water supply norm city should supplied water 23.20
@140 lit/person /day for 1.36 Lakh persons in
F floating
For fl ti population
l ti @ 40 Lit/person/day
Lit/ /d forf 27300 person 1 10
1.10
(20 % of total population)
Therefore Gross Requirement of the City 24.30
Supply Managed by Municipality
Bore wells 15.00
From Narmada 2.50
Total 17.50
Shortfall 6.30
• Municipality depends majorly on groundwater for the
water
t supply l
• Total 30 borewells (26 are in Kukma village 11 km from Bhuj)
• 4 within the city limits
• 2.5 MLD of Narmada waters.Short Fall Management - Survey
Total Unit surveyed 752 consists of Single house
house, apartments
apartments, schools
schools, colleges
colleges,
shopping centers, office complexes, temple complexes etc.
Double Source Type Survey %
ed No.
Single Source Surveyed % Three Source Type Surveyed %
Type No
No. Bore + Mineral Water 9 4 46
4.46 No.
Municipality 343 65.09 Bore + Tanker 4 1.98 Bore + Tanker + Mineral
Water 6 18.18
Private Bore 89 16.89 Well + Tanker 2 0.99
Municipality + Private
Tankers 9 1.71 Municipality + Mineral Bore +Mineral Water 3 9.09
Water 97 48.02
RO
R.O. 2 0 38
0.38 Municipality + Tanker +
Municipality + Well 8 3.96 Mineral Water 16 48.48
Panchayat 81 15.37
Municipality + Private Panchayat + Private
Open well 3 0.57 Bore 5 2.48 Bore + Mineral Water 4 12.12
Total 527 100.00 Municipality + Tanker 28 13.86 Panchayat + Tanker +
Panchayt
P h t + Mineral
Mi l Mineral Water 4 12 12
12.12
water 21 10.40 Total 33 100.00
Panchayt + Private
Bore 2 0.99
Panchayt + Tanker 23 11.39
Tanker + Mineral
Water 3 1.49
Total 202 100.
Of the total 19 Million Litres per Day (MLD) of water being supplied by Bhuj Municipal Corporation
80% comes from bore wells,
wells the rest from the Narmada.
Narmada And yet centralized water supply reaches only
42.93% of the entire population. The rest manage with the ir own bore wells, or from tanker supplies,
which again resorts to tapping local aquifers.Short Fall Management
Total 153 Local wells and bore wells surveyed
Water quality Lifting Device Use
Bore Bore
TDS Total % capacity in HP On Wells wells DCB Type Wells wells DCB
< 500 ppm 11 15 0 3 1 Irrigation 0 1 4
> 3000 ppm 9 No device 38 12 0 Industrial 0 1 1
Other 0 1 9
Total 100 Total 38 107 7
Non Use + Dry 24 3 6Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon
000
500
00
250
TDS Value > 20000 mg/lit
2000
0
2000
0
1000
0
1500
0
30
200
Salinity From
1 1 saline
Inherent
0
200
2000
0
Neighboring
150 9
9 r ie Strata 2
ie 1000 2 Di s
[ r
Di
[s r
[
S ls 0 3
1000
[l
sr
3 500 s r d 100
2500
)r s
r
dS
8 hm)r 1000
8 0
3000
hm
rD
) 150 4
) 2500 Ct i[
4 y i[ (j y
rD
Ct 00 B&
j 30
B(& Groundwater
Exploitation
7 5 s>
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Bentonite Blanket in s>
Xi
1500
7 5 r At ia i[ 6 r At ia i[
Dam Bed
1
7 Pragsar Talav 6 v>c )t (vAt ir i[ v>c )t (vAt ir i[
00
1500
Catchment
j LA#ii[t
20
j LA#ii[t u
1500
8 Three Lakes
B& (j yi[ B&(j yi[
6a Manglam
Area u 500
<
6c Mochirai
Rakhal
Catchment
5 Badami Chhela
Catchment 500-1500 0.9 0 0.9 1.8 (k.m). 500-1500
0.9 0 0.9 1.8 (k.m). 1500-2000 1500-2000
1b Haripar Canal
2000-3000 2000-3000
2000 3000
6b Mirzapar
Catchment
Area
3000
> 3000
>
4a Lakki
Catchment 2 Hamadrai
1a Tapka Catchment
4b Mundra
Road Talav
3 Dhunaraja
CatchmentPROBLEM- THE HAMIRSAR CATCHMENT SYSTEM
Total storage capacity of the the
three lakes – 3.65 mcm
Water Balance Analysis shows
that the original catchments could
fill the lakes with 600 mm of
rainfall. Present functional
catchment
However,
H if th
the presentt system
t
works properly, Hamirsar will
overflow in only 135mm
rainfall, which is assured 80%
of the years
Presently, only 20% of the
system is functional.
functionalWhy We have Short Fall?
IGNORANCE OF CATCHMENT AREAS
Damaged Diversion R. Khari
Debris Dumping Ashapura Colony
4
Dense Prosopis Juliflora c
S
Walled City
Encroachment c 2
Relocation Sites F5
C3
C2
3
1
S
b Bhujiya Fort
b a
Paralysed Flow Manglam Area
Sandstone Quarry Badami Chhela
Military Area
Siltation F4 b
IssuesWater Stagnation
Mochirai Rakhal
S
a
B.S.F. Area
Waste water Inflow b Haripar Village
Mirzapar C1
We are not considering catchment and inflow areas Catchment
Diversion Wall
for our development and diverting water flows b
Old Well
F2
F6 Tapka
Catchment
Encroachment have reduced our water bodies at F3
Lakki a DHUNARAJA
Catchment
some places they are disappeared e.g. Pragsar, DAM
pond behind Santoshi Mata tample etc.
etc
F1
Tapkeshwari
Temple
To
Dhunaraja Catchment
Paving of area have reduced groundwater recharge Mundra
Existing local wells have been ignored / spoiledPLANNING - VISION Revival of Lakes and Their Catchments – Urban Watersheds Decentralized Drinking Water Schemes Groundwater Recharge Storm Water Existing Well / Bore well Recharge Campus Water Harvesting DEWATS
Revival of Lakes and Their Catchments - Urban watersheds PLANNING APPROACHES Catchment areas of all Major as well as Minor lakes Should be Developed as watershed Development Total 43 Lakes are within Urban Periphery Inflow channels passing through city area should be treated as green belts All reservoirs located in catchment areas of above lakes should be consider as part of single watershed and managed by single watershed management authority Area wise decentralized planning GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
PLANNING – MICRO WATERSHED PLANNING
Entire Catchment has divided into eight sub-project areas
1a Tapka Catchment
1b Haripar Canal area
2 Hamidrai Catchment
3 Dhunaraja Catchment
4a Lakki Catchment
4b Mundra Road Talav
5 Badami Chhela
Catchment
6a Mangalam area
6b Mirzapar Catchment
6c Mochirai Rakhal
Catchment
7 Pragsar Talav
Catchment
8 The Three lakesPROPOSALS FOR SPECIF ISSUES
R. Khari
• Control of silt from the upper
areas Ashapura Colony
• Increase the water storage of c
4
the feeder dams
Walled City
c
• Increase the p
percolation in the 2
sandstone area C3 3
HAMIRSAR LAKE
C2
F5 b 1 Bhujiya Fort
b
• Proper drainage of impounded a
stagnant water Manglam Area
M
• Restoration of canals Badami Chhela
Military Area
• Restoration of flood control F4 b
regulators Mochirai Rakhal
a
B.S.F. Area
• Prevention of encroachment in
the tail channel and drainage b Haripar Village
lines in the city area Mirzapar C1
Catchment
Diversion Wall
• Ecological restoration with
indigenous species b DHOBI
Old Well
F2
F6 Tapka
LAKE
• Sewerage recycling CHATTEDI LAKE F3
Catchment
Lakki a
Catchment
• Green belt development
F1
Tapkeshwari
Temple
To
Dhunaraja Catchment
MundraDECENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SCHEMES All areas of the city should be developed their own decentralized drinking water systems
DECENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SCHEMES
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE All wells and bore wells should be recharged by rainwater Location of Storm should identified and converted into recharge locations by making recharge pit cum bore well
CAMPUS WATER
HARVESTING
School,
School Colleges
etc.
Shopping
Complexes
Government OfficeACHIEVEMENTS – SO FAR SOME EXTENT RESTORATION OF SYSTEM
WITH PARTICIPATION OF
Project Cost Agency
Rs. In Lakh Implementing
p g Sponsor
p
Desilting of Haripar Canal and 11.30 KNNA and Irri. 8.1 PMNRF
8.2
connection of Tapka Catchment Department
8.8 8.3
Partial Repair work of Lake wall near 17.30 KNNA - 50 % America
8.9 8.4
Hatkesh tample and Pavdi and Iddgah Hunnarahalaa India
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
Foundation 50
8.5
% People’s
participation
Green belt between Mundra - Mandvi 12 78
12.78 America India
road Foundation
DEWATS and Plantation 19.57 8.6 Today
Care
Desilting of Hamdrai tank and 2.00 Municipality Municipality
Dh
Dhunarajaj Dam
D
Waste weir repairing of Dhuna raja 2.50 Irrigation
dam 8.11 Department
DHOBI 8.13
Minor Repairing work of Lake wall 10.00 Municipality
LAKE Collector
De-silting of Hamirsar and Chhatedi CHATTEDI 9.58
LAKE ACT,8.12Collector Public
lake 8.10 office and Contribution
Municipality
Connection of Lakki catchment 50.00 Municipality
p y BADP
through repairing of tunnel and canal
Total 135.00
People’s contribution = 18.19 LakhCITIZEN’S MOVEMENT
Event By Who me How many Cost Contrib ution
Till No. of Organizatio n People
No. Participants Contrib utio n
Hamirsar
H i Ek ACT 25 375 46875 28125
Jalgatha – An 8.1 8.2
Education Tours 8.8 8.3
Workshops ACT and 2 237 29500 23500
HSSS
8.9 8.4
Cleaning (S hram ACT 2 135 --- ---
Yagna) ACT-HSSS- 4700 HAMIRSAR
17000 LAKE
958000
co llector 8.7
office- 8.5
Municipality
Awareness S tall ACT-HSSS 1 3743 --- ---
d i
during J
Janmastamii
Fare
Slide show and ACT-HSSS 13 650 --- ---
presentation in 8.6
Streets
Slide
S de s
show
ow and
d ACT-HSSS
C SSS 5 225
5 --- ---
presentation in
Schools
Exposure Tour ACT-HSSS 1 14 5380 8000
Sponsorship to KMVS- 1 8.11 500 00 8.13 14500
DHOBI
Musical Programme HSSS-ACT LAKE
P i ti
Painting ACT HSSS
ACT-HSSS 1 570 3500 12500
Competition fo r CHATTEDI LAKE 8.12
childrens 8.10
Photography 1 6
Competiton
Total Contribution came from Citizens is 10.45 Lakh Whereas Organizational Share is 1.02 Lakh
In Five Slum area drinking water schemes are under implementation
Four Schools have been facilitated with RRWHSDrinking Water Development
Approach:
Demonstration of Decentralized Planning and
Management
Planning: 6 Slums
Outcome: 4 Slums have their own drinking water schemes
Shivra Mandap Jagir Area (108 Familises)
Bapa Dayalu Nagar Area (250 Families)
Ramdv Nagar Area (114 Families)
Kumbharvas Area (150 Families)
6 Schools Have Roof Rainwater Harvesting
Chandrajyotiba School ( 325 Students )
Bakali Coloney School ( 300 Students )
Hiten Dholakiys School ( 525 Students )ACTIVITIED CARRIED OUT
DECENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SCHEMES IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation in Four Slums
Bapa Dayalu Nagar
Kumbharvas Area
Shivra Madap
p Jagir
g Area
Ramdev NagarACTIVITIED CARRIED OUT
DECENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SCHEMES IMPLEMENTATION
Handpump Overhead Tank
Bapa Dayalu Nagar Ramdev Nagari
New Open Well Storage Tank
Kumbhar Vas Shivra Mandap JagirImplementation Process system
Drinking water – at a glance
Bapa Dayalu NagarSTATUS OF CAMPUS ROOF AINWATER HARVESTING
Name of School No. of Year Capacity of Expenditure Remark
Students Tank In Rs.
Rs
Lit
Shivnagar Primary 507 2010 35000 67000 The finance support by Sushil Trust and
school by Community
Bakali Coloney 300 2011 25000 65000 The finance support from HIC
School
Hiten Dholakiya 550 2011 30000 74000
Primary School
Chandra Jyotiba 325 2011 25000 65000
Primary School
Total 1682 115000 271000Local leaders
• Mayor MOST IMPORTANT
• M.P.
• MLA
• Jilla Panchayat President STRONG CITIZENS 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
Government offices
INVOLVEMENT AND 8.7
8.5
• Collector Office
• Municipality
p y LEADERSHIP OF JAL SROT
• Irrigation Department SNEH SAMVARDHAN 8.6
• Forest Department
NGOs’ and Others
NGOs
SAMITI
• Arid Communities and Technologies and Hamirsar Sneh Samvardhan Samiti
• Bhuj Development Council, Bhuj and Kachchh
8.11 Development Council, Ahemadabad
DHOBI 8.13
LAKE
• Kachchh Nav Nirmani Abhiyan
CHATTEDI LAKE 8.12
• Hunnarshalaa 8.10
• Sahjeevan
• Senior
S i Citizen’s
Citi ’ group, Ekta
Ekt mahila
hil Mandal,
M d l Gayatri
G t i Mahila
M hil Mandal,
M d l Upli
U li Pal
P l Yuvak
Y k mandal
d l
• Schools St. Andrews, Alfred High school, VD School
• College – R.R. Lalan College, Institute of Petroleum Technology, School of ArchitectureJalgatha Education Tours
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
8.11
DHOBI 8.13
LAKE
CHATTEDI LAKE 8.12
8.10Jalgatha Education Tours
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKEAwareness Stall
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKEWorkshop
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKESlide shows
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKESlide shows
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKEPainting Competition
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKEPainting Competition
8.1 8.2
8.8 8.3
8.9 8.4
HAMIRSAR LAKE
8.7
8.5
8.6
DHOBI 8.13
LAKEParticipatory Implementation
Collective Thinking With Citizens
At Camp Site
With Journalists
With MP and Government OfficersCollective Thinking
With Corporate People (PARLE) With Swmaji
With Women
With Army OfficersCollective Thinking And Sharing of Experiences Trough Visiting Different Parts of Lake
Maintenance
Various Activities
Collection of Plastics Bird Island
Debary Removal
Prosopis RemovalBird Island
Maintenance by all citizens
Plastic Collection
Debary Removal
Prosopis RemovalAwareness and Reporting By Media
We Promise We Hold The Responsibility to Maintain Our Heart Lake
AND
Will Conserve Our EnvironmentYou can also read
