DROUGHTMASTER JOERNAAL 2021 JOURNAL - AFRIKA / AFRICA - Africa Droughtmaster ...
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AFRIKA / AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER JOERNAAL 2021 JOURNAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 1
CONTENTS / INHOUD
AFRIKA / AFRICA DROUGHTMASTERS Africa Droughtmasters
Liezel Grobler
DESIGNED BY
Tel: +27 51 448 7302 Address:
+27 82 922 4616 Box 506, Bloemfontein, 9301
E-mail: office@droughtmasterafrica.co.za Henry st 118, Bloemfontein
Web: www.droughtmasterafrica.co.za
VRYWARING: Menings wat in die Joernaal uitgespreek word, is nie noodwendig die sienswyse van die
DISCLAIMER: Droughtmaster Telersgenoootskap nie. Die Genootskap aanvaar nie verantwoordelikheid vir Printed by Oranje Print & Packaging
Nelis Uys - 083 287 7300
enige aansprake wat in advertensies gemaak word nie.
Opinions expressed in the Journal, are not necessarily the view of the Droughtmaster Breeders’
Society. The Society does not accept any of the claims made in advertisements.
2 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 3
ADVERTISERS
ADVERTEERDERS
FOREWORD / VOORWOORD 6-7
2020 / 2021 RAAD / COUNCIL 10
JAARPROGRAM / YEAR PROGRAMME 12
STUD SUCCESS AT BEEF 2021 14-16
OPTIMISING MEAT PRODUCTION THROUGH EFFICIENT
18-19
PROTEIN NUTRITION IN BEEF ANIMALS
EASE OF CALVING 20-21
INBREEDING & LINE BREEDING 22
BEWEIDE GRASVELD MOET KAN HERSTEL EN NIE NET RUS NIE 24-28
SWAK EKONOMIE, MAAR GOEIE BEES EN SPEENKALF PRYSE 30-31
DROUGHTMASTER AUSTRALIA’S OWN BEEF BREED 38-44
VANUIT DIE NSV KANTOOR 46-47
OUERSKAPTOETSE VERSEKER DIE INTEGRITEIT EN AKKURAATHEID VAN STAMBOOMINLIGTING VAN
52-56
BEIDE STOET- EN KOMMERSIELEVEILINGSDIERE SE INLIGTING
LEDELYS / MEMBERS’ LIST 62-66
4 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
ARTICLES / ARTIKELS
Hurwitz Africa Droughtmasters BVB-1 SJS Africa Droughtmasters 39
Vleissentraal 3 OVK 41
Chan Té Mar 8-9 Zonop Afrika Droughtmasters 43
Barnlab 11 Waterford Africa Droughtmaster Stud
Brandwater Droughtmasters 13 Considerata SA 48-49
Valley Droughtmaster 15 WSM Droughtmasters & Simmentalers 50-51
De Hoek Droughtmasters 17 Hotspot Cattle 58-61
Molatek 21 Tirisano Droughtmasters 63
Blackwoods Red Droughtmasters 23 Considerata Namibia 65
Durow Afrika Droughtmasters 25 Landbouweekblad 67
Germar Droughtmasters 29 Zelset Droughtmasters 68-69
Rocky Droughtmasters 32-33 Werda Droughtmasters 70-71
Unistel 34 Grassfields Beef Africa Droughtmaster 72-BAB
BenguFarm 35 On Top Droughtmasters AB
VOVA Genetics 36-37
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 5
FOREWORD VOORWOORD GERT BARNARD AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER WITH ITS MEDIUM FRAME IS ADAPTABLE, HAS STRONG HEREDITABLE AND PERFORMS WELL IN DRY CONDITIONS AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER MET SY MEDIUM RAAM IS AANPASBAAR, HET ‘N STERK ERFDWANG EN PRESTEER IN DROOGTE TOESTANDE 6 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
T D
he Africa (n) Droughtmaster is not just ie Afrika Droughtmaster is nie net ‘n rooi
another red breed. There is a uniqueness bees nie. Daar is ‘n uniekheid in die bees
in the cattle that makes them different. I vas geteel wat hom anders maak. Ek kan
can honestly say when it is dry, the cattle met eerlikheid sê as dit droog is, presteer
perform well and their reconception rate is high. die bees en hulle herbesetting syfer is hoog.
The medium frame makes them the ideal cattle for Die medium raam maak hulle die perfekte bees
Africa and we should never change that through vir Afrika en dit moet ons nooit verander deur
nutrition. Bigger is not always better. voeding nie. Groter is nie altyd beter nie.
The breed is making a big impact in Africa and Die ras maak ‘n groot impak in Afrika en almal hou
many people are watching this with great interest. ons beeste fyndop. Die kommersiële beesbedryf
The commercial cattle industry is becoming sien al hoe meer die waarde van die bees raak.
increasingly aware of the value of the breed. Die eenvormigheid maak ‘n groot impak en kan al
The uniformity of the cattle makes a big impact van die eerste kruisings duidelik opgemerk word.
and can be clearly seen even in the first crosses.
Ons beesgetalle groei mooi en so ook ons ledetalle.
Our cattle numbers are growing as are our Die afgelope jaar se veilings het bo verwagting
membership numbers. The prices fetched at presteer. Die vleisbedryf is tans op ‘n goeie plek
recent auctions have exceeded our expectations. en daarom moet elkeen van ons wat met die bees
The meat industry is currently in a good space and teel toesien en verseker dat daar nie die verkeerde
therefore every one of us who breeds with the genetika en beeste die veld ingestuur word nie.
cattle must ensure that the wrong genetics and
Dankie aan almal wat hierdie joernaal ‘n prag
cattle are not allowed into the market.
toonvenster van ons ras gemaak het. In besonder
I want to thank everyone who contributed to vir Liezel Grobler wat baie hard gewerk het. ‘n
making this journal a beautiful showcase of our Groot dank ook aan elke adverteerder en outeurs
breed. In particular, I want to thank Liezel Grobler van artikels, dit word waardeer en is lekker om
who has worked tirelessly in the preparation julle deel van ons groep te maak. Dankie aan al
of this journal. A big thank you also to every ons lede wat deel was en wat hierdie Ras die beste
advertiser and author of articles, it is appreciated wil maak.
and great to have you participating in our group.
Die afgelope 6 jaar wat ek as raadslid gedien het
Thank you to all our members who are busy en 4 jaar daarvan as voorsitter was vir my ‘n groot
making this Breed the best. voorreg. Ek dank u almal wat saam met my die
pad gestap het, vir u toewyding en passie vir die
The 6 years that I have served as a council
Ras. Ook die raadslede en kantoor personeel –
member and 4 of those as chairman have been a
julle is puik. Dankie aan al die families betrokke,
great privilege for me. I thank you all who walked
vir al julle opofferings.
the path with me, for your dedication and passion
for the breed. Thank you to the council members Ons moet altyd onthou: Dit bly ‘n voorreg om te
and office staff - you guys are great. Thank you to kan boer en ons dank ons Hemelse Vader vir sy
all the families involved, for all your sacrifices. groot genade.
We must always remember: It remains a privilege Lekker boer en geniet die beeste.
to be able to farm and we thank our Heavenly
Father for His great Blessings.
Enjoy farming with this great breed.
Gert Barnard Gert Barnard
Chairman Voorsitter
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 7
8 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 9
2020/2021RAAD/COUNCIL Johan Strydom
Finances
Tel: 082 497 2274
E-mail: johanstrydom63@gmail.com
Rustin Shawe
Gert Barnard Auctions
Chairman|Constitution|Technical Tel: 083 235 3998
& Administration E-mail: shawe01@gmail.com
Office / Day managment
Tel: 083 278 2116
E-mail: chantemar@igen.co.za
Carl Crous
Performance testing
Tel: 082 573 4569
E-mail: crouscarl@gmail.com
Simeon Hurwitz
Marketing | Breed promotion
Stompie Olivier Tel: 082 415 5448
Vice Chairman | Auctions E-mail: simeon@hurwitz.co.za
Website | Day managment
Tel: 073 747 3239
E-mail: hotspotcattle@hotmail.com Mogwera Khoathane
Performance testing
Tel: 072 239 3082
E-mail: mog@mweb.co.za
Johan van der Nest
Benita Loftus - Finance NSBA Representative
Semen / Embryo Imports & Exports
E-Mail: accounts@droughtmasterafrica.co.za
Tel: 082 574 4220
E-mail: auctionjvdn@gmail.com
Ian Currin
Breed Advisor | Inspections
New members
Liezel Grobler - Secretary Tel: 082 562 3212
Cell: 082 922 4616 E-mail: iancurrin@gmail.com
E-mail: office@droughtmasterafrica.co.za
10 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALJOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 11
JAARPROGRAM
YEAR PROGRAMME
DATE SALE PLACE CONTACT
21 August 2021 Genetic Sale Parys Gert - 083 278 2116
DeHoek Sale
27 Augustus 2021 Indwe Mike - 082 375 1949
(Fitzhenry Farming)
04 September 2021 Hotspot Sale Ventersdorp Stompie - 073 747 3239
2021
John & Bec Atkinson -
16 September 2021 Cashmere Sale Queensland
+614 3833 7138
23 September 2021 Brandwater Bull Sale Fouriesburg Linde - 083 700 8592
02 October 2021 Chan Te Mar Sale Humansdorp Gert - 083 278 2116
14 April 2022 Considerata Parys Johan - 082 655 4271
15 June 2022 Grassfields Sale Wakkerstroom Rustin - 083 235 3998
2022
02 August 2022 Rocky Sale Frankfort Adriaan - 082 462 2148
04 August 2022 Vova Sale Underberg Chippy - 082 833 4975
11 August 2022 Valley of Art Africa Jamestown Dries - 083 760 7851
17 August 2022 Durow Sale Clocolan Niel - 083 309 9022
12 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALBRANDWATER
DROUGHTMASTERS
BULVEILING
23 SEPTEMBER 2021
HOT
BEEF CATTLE
Linde - 083 700 8592 | Chris - 083 687 3012 | 2021
JOURNAL KoosJOERNAAL
- 078 894 1571 | Francois
| AFRIKA - 083 627 8225 13
DROUGHTMASTERStud success at
Beef 2021
T
here is no doubt that the & Greet, followed by the hugely Reserve junior champion bull:
Beef Australia Expo is a successful Beef Genetics Focus Glenlands J Comrade, Glenlands
must attend event on the Sale run by GDL, and then the Droughtmasters.
beef industry calendar panel session and Droughtmaster
for Droughtmaster Australia it Awards presentation night. Junior champion female: Rondel
provides the opportunity to catch Congratulations to all involved. Angel, Rondel Droughtmasters.
up with other Droughtie members, Reserve junior champion female:
as well as create new connections; Droughtmaster presented the
single largest breed display at Glenlands D Cleo, Glenlands
to socialise and come together Droughtmasters.
as a breed; and to be able to Beef Australia, with 169 head
benchmark stock against other nominated for competition from Senior champion bull: Glenlands D
breeders and breeds. There were 41 studs in Queensland and NSW. Banjo, Glenlands Droughtmasters.
record numbers through gates When judges Glen Waldron and
and the Droughtmaster Precinct Jack Peart cast their eyes over the Reserve senior champion bull:
was the envy of all the breeds. 169 Droughtmaster exhibits they Glenlands Bateman, Glenlands
The results in the Commercial and concluded that the breed's future Droughtmasters.
Stud Competitions were fantastic, was in 'very safe hands'. In the end,
it was Nick and Sarah Hughes' sole Senior champion female:
and we even came home with the Glenlands D Bellevue, Glenlands
Battle of the Breeds Tug-o-War exhibit Farogan Valley Mojo that
was named grand champion bull, Droughtmasters.
Trophy, taking victory from Team
Brangus. while the Childs family's Glenlands Reserve senior champion female:
D Bellevue, with bull calf Dudley at Rondel Whiskey Girl, Rondel
The Droughtmaster Beef 2021 foot, was the best female on show. Droughtmasters.
Committee brought to life a
Droughtmaster Precinct that Beef 2021 – Droughtmaster Grand champion bull:
made us proud. The pen of Results Farogan Valley Mojo, Farogan
display steers provided by Yaralla Calf champion male: Glenlands Droughtmasters.
Droughtmasters was a real feature D Call of Duty, Glenlands Grand champion female:
of the Precinct and a talking Droughtmasters. Glenlands D Bellevue, Glenlands
point for many passers-by. The
Reserve calf champion male: Droughtmasters.
stud housing this year was first
class and being adjacent to the Seymour Mort, Seymour Group Classes:
Droughtie marquee enabled Droughtmasters.
a greater connection for all Exhibitors Group: Glenlands
participants. Hosting Dingles Calf champion female: Rondel
Bree, Rondel Droughtmasters Sire Progeny Stakes: Rondel
Cafe within our marquee provided
Droughtmasters
a great reason for guests to Reserve calf champion female:
sit and enjoy the atmosphere, Glenlands D Centrefold, Glenlands Dam Progeny Stakes: Yaralla
watch the livestreamed events, Droughtmasters. Droughtmasters
and gain some subtle exposure
for the Droughtmaster breed. Junior champion bull:
The three evening events held Farogan Valley Mojo, Farogan
throughout the week were well Droughtmasters.
attended, starting with the Meet Ali Bull
Droughtmaster Australia
Marketing and Events Executive
14 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL“By exposing your herd to everything nature can throw at it
- you will be able to find the lemons”
Seleksie sonder
toegewing
VOVA15-0165 - Stoetvaar
Vaar 030201D (Leroy) Moeder FxF110485
12 Augustus 2021
Plek : Strydfontein, Aliwal Noord
10 km Suid van Aliwal Noord teen die N6
JOURNAL
Dries en Minnie de Klerk | Tel : 087 550 0589 |2021 JOERNAAL
E-pos: | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER
sanart@nokwi.co.za 15
| www.leliekloof.co.zaGlenlands D Bellevue: Photo courtesy
of Queensland Country Life. Agriculture
Minister Mark Furner, judge Glen Waldron,
Tayla Childs, grand champion female
Glenlands D Bellevue with bull calf
Dudley at foot, Darren Childs, Glenlands
Droughtmasters, sponsor Nick Hughes,
Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk, and Mark
Scholes, Nutrien Livestock.
Sale O Sale O
Over the first half of 2021, we have
started to see the industry and
market realise the true value of the
Droughtmaster female. The results
of the Droughtmaster National
Female Sale in March 2021 and
other heifer auction results since
have been outstanding. Resilient,
fertile, and productive, our
Droughtmaster females - the best
mothers in the Australian beef
industry - are starting to gain even
more of the value and recognition
that they deserve.
Associate judge Jack Peart, judge Glen Waldron, grand champion bull Farogan Valley
Mojo, Les Lee, Leegra Fitting Service, and owners Sarah and Nick Hughes, Farogan Valley We now head towards the
Droughtmasters, Upper Kandanga. forthcoming spring sales, where
over 1,500 bulls will be on offer
at 16 sales across Australia. From
the early promotion on this year’s
draft, the private and Sponsored
Sales will present buyers with a
great range of bulls to choose from.
As the national herd continues
to rebuild, it is an ideal time for
producers to use Droughtmaster
bulls in their programs. From
docility and adaptability to
fertility and carcase yield, the
Droughtmaster’s natural traits
underpin its wonderful reputation
• 15,000 head of Droughtmaster listings have been offered on AuctionPlus as an allrounder that can cater for
for the January to May period of 2021. all market needs.
• Steers 200-280kg liveweight averaged $1,373/head for the 1,920 head
offered in 2021, increasing 31% from 2020 and 87% from 2019. For more details on upcoming
Sales and Events go to www.
• Steers 280-330kg liveweight registered a 73% increase from 2019 prices
($899/head) to 2021 ($1,557/head). droughtmaster.com.au
• Heifers 200-280kg liveweight resulted in the average price increasing by Market Insights by AuctionsPlus
149% from 2019 to 2021, with prices averaging $501 and $1,247/head,
respectively. AuctionsPlus is Australia’s largest
• Station mated heifers returned the largest increase of the reported cattle market. The price categories
categories with prices increasing by 275%. Station mated heifers averaged and information listed below are
$1,596/head in 2021, increasing 64% from 2020 ($972/head) and 275% for the period of 1 January – 14
from 2019 ($425/head). May 2021, with the comparison
• Cows with CAF saw a 121% increase in price from 2019 to 2021, with the across the corresponding periods
current period averaging $2,567/unit. in 2019 & 2020.
16 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALJOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 17
Optimising
MEAT PRODUCTION
Through efficient
protein nutrition in
beef animals
T
he fundamental goal of Amino acids for ruminants
ruminant protein nutrition
in beef animals is to Amino acids are uniquely essential
optimize the efficiency as precursors for protein synthesis.
of utilization of dietary protein to First and foremost, a ruminant
maximize beef production per unit needs a sufficient supply of all
of protein consumed. This requires amino acids to satisfy the large
fine-tuning of protein nutrition majority of amino acid demands
in two ways. Firstly, it requires of maintenance and production.
feeding the correct types and Optimizing their supply is an
Dr Hinner Köster
amounts of ruminally degradable already proven concept in
Director: Barnlab (Pty) Ltd
protein (RDP) that will meet but monogastric nutrition for over
not exceed the requirements 30 years to further increase
post-ruminally for the beef animal
of ruminal microorganisms for animal performance. A similar
of higher genetic merit.
protein substrates as dictated by improvement in performance may
the types and amounts of ruminally also be obtainable for ruminants
Microbial Protein
fermentable carbohydrates (e.g. by paying more attention to
starch, sugars, soluble fibre) in the individual amino acid supplies,
Absorbable amino acids are
diet. Secondly, it requires feeding rather than trying to satisfy
provided by microbial protein
ruminally undegraded dietary total amino acid supplies on a
synthesized in the rumen, UDP, and
protein (UDP), with an amino acid global basis. However, due to
endogenous secretions. Ruminally
balance that compliments that of the role played by the rumen in
synthesized microbial protein
ruminally synthesized microbial transforming a large proportion
typically supplies 50% or more of
protein in amounts which, when of dietary protein into microbial
the amino acids when production-
combined with microbial protein, protein, it has been very difficult
type diets are fed. Maximum
provides the desired protein to to determine whether there is a
yield of microbial protein must be
energy ratio in absorbed nutrients significant performance advantage
obtained, but can only be achieved
to achieve desired performance to increasing the supplies of
if optimum quantities of energy,
targets. specific individual amino acids
degradable protein, minerals, and
18 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALother growth factors are supplied both. In turn, the need is greatest requirements for absorbable
to the microbes. Microbial protein when rations are balanced for amino acids, relative to absorbable
is considered to be of high high levels of production and UDP energy, are highest when beef
quality because of apparent high provides a larger portion of total cattle are fed for maximum beef
digestibility and an essential amino absorbable amino acids in addition production. The feeding levels
acid composition that is similar to to that obtained from microbial of high UDP ingredients will
that of lean body tissue and milk. proteins. Obviously balancing beef therefore be based on the desired
rations uniquely for Lys and Met is performance targets, and in
Undegradable Dietary Protein not sufficient to achieve maximum balance to the absorbable energy
(UDP) performance. levels, that need to be achieved.
Another major source of The need for rumen protected The cost per additional kg beef
absorbable amino acids is UDP. proteins produced, commercial availability,
The ruminant does not have to rely uniformity, amino acid balance
solely on microbial protein since There are several reasons and and intestinal digestibility and
some dietary protein escapes advantages for decreasing the rate palatability of UDP ingredients
rumen fermentation and passes to and extent of ruminal degradation will dictate which high UDP
the lower gut undegraded. of selected feed proteins and for sources, and at what levels, to
having a variety of high-UDP feeds use. One approach to increasing
Research studies show that the available. First, there are feeding the contribution of cost-effective
protein source in the diet could situations in which the diet does higher quality UDP to total crude
have a marked influence on beef not contain adequate quantities of protein in the diet is to artificially
protein production. For example, absorbable amino acids relative to reduce, through special processes,
the protein quality in soybean the supply of absorbable energy. the rate of ruminal degradation of
meal is superior to that of feed This can occur because of: (1) too high protein oilseeds, and oilseed
ingredients such as maize gluten many ingredients in the diet which meals (e.g. soybean/sunflower
meal, wheat bran and brewer’s contain insufficient UDP relative meal) that possess a good amino
grain, and the protein quality of to RDP, (2) some limitation on acid balance and good intestinal
fishmeal or specially processed ruminal synthesis of microbial availability, but which are rapidly
high UDP plant protein sources protein (e.g. insufficient supplies of degraded in the rumen in its
(e.g. soybean-/sunflower meal) is fermentable carbohydrates or of unprocessed form. This approach:
superior to that of unprocessed RDP), or (3) feeding supplemental (1) increases the number of higher
soybean meal. It would appear fats which are dense sources of UDP feeds with which to optimize
that the potential advantage of metabolizable energy but which diets for UDP/RDP ratios, intestinal
low protein degradability of lower are not used for microbial cell amino acid balance, and price, (2)
quality protein ingredients is growth. Second, high quality has the advantage of being applied
compromised by its poor amino pastures, hays, and particularly to feeds of choice and of providing
acid profile. The amino acid silages often contain so much controlled ruminal protection so
profile of the different protein RDP that any required protein as to maximize protection with
sources would appear to have an supplementation must be limited minimal reduction in intestinal
important effect in determining to high UDP feeds if the diet is digestion, and (3) reduces the
the quantity of beef protein to be balanced for both RDP and reliance on lower protein quality
produced. Methionine (Met) and UDP. And third, the use of higher byproducts (poorer amino acid
lysine (Lys) are likely to be the two UDP feeds permits greater use of profile) feeds as the only high UDP
most limiting amino acids in beef NPN (e.g. urea) supplements and feed sources.
rations. Therefore, there is a need less reliance on more degradable
for ruminally protected forms of sources of true protein for ruminal
Lys and Met because most feeds synthesis of microbial protein. It
contain low amounts of Lys, Met, or also must be remembered that
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 19Ease
OF CALVING
D
uring calving season, most likely to do so again. Although
cows calve unattended there are numerous interrelated
and unassisted and and sometimes unknown factors
should be allowed to calve that influence calving difficulty, the
naturally. In the normal delivery incidence of dystocia in a herd can
of a calf there are three stages of be lowered by managing factors
labour: initiation and preparation that are known to increase the
for the birth which lasts from 4-24 incidence of difficult calving. Dr Helena Theron
hours, the passage of the calf SA Stud Book
through the birth canal, which lasts Factors affecting ease of calving
between 30 minutes and 3 hours According to several studies, birth which is the most important factor.
and expulsion of the placenta, weight of the calf was the trait One of the major causes of dystocia
which can last from 12- 24 hours. most highly correlated with calving is the disproportion between
If the labour is prolonged, it is an difficulty. The shape of the calf the size of the calf and the pelvic
indication of difficulty of birth, probably plays a role in dystocia but opening of the dam, especially
also known as dystocia. Despite it is extremely difficult to quantify. in first-calf heifers. However,
the best efforts to avoid dystocia, Zebu and Sanga cows tend to have selection for increased pelvic
a small proportion of cows and calves with lower birth weights and area without some constraint on
especially heifers may require less dystocia when compared with body size could possibly result in
assistance. Early intervention European breed cows. Researchers a parallel increase in birth weight
minimizes the effects of dystocia. reported that calf growth during and mature size and little change
As a rule of thumb, cows should be the last 20 percent of gestation in calving ease. Pelvic size should
assisted if they have not delivered is dramatically lower in Brahman be viewed as a threshold trait
the calf within 2 hours from the than in European breed cows. and heifers with the narrowest
time the water bag appears, or This difference is probably due to pelvic width, (rather than pelvic
if more than 30 minutes elapse differences in uterine blood flow area), should be culled. It has been
without progress. and function of tissues. shown that difficulty in two-year-
Difficult calving in a herd has a olds is three to four times as high
First-calf, two-year-old heifers are as in three-year-olds.
financial implication, as dystocia the most at risk of difficult calving,
causes increased cow and calf mainly because of their small body Cows should also have an optimal
losses. Cows that had a difficult size and underdeveloped pelvis body condition score of 3 to 4
calving may have delayed return to area. Smaller heifers tend to have to ensure an easy calving. Over
heat, as well as lower conception a higher incidence of dystocia than conditioned cows have a higher
rates. Some studies have suggested larger heifers but the correlations risk of dystocia and metabolic
that cows that previously are low (-.01 to .20). It is the ratio disorders in early lactation, due
experienced dystocia are more of calf birth weight to dam weight to more fat lining the birth canal;
20 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALwhere as too thin heifers may be too What the breeder can do: can be explained by factors that
weak to calve, which is associated can be defined or measured. It is
with weak labour, difficult calving, Although difficult calving cannot be therefore sometimes difficult to
poor growing calves, difficulty to eliminated completely, breeders determine the reason for dystocia.
get into calf again and increased could manage environmental
mortality. If is recommended that effects like birth weight of calf, References
heifers reach at least 85% of their age of the dam and condition of
Herring, W., 2014. Calving Difficulty
expected mature weight at first the cow. A combination of calving
in Beef Cattle, University of
calving. Little is known about the heifers at three years or only
Missouri Extension 2014.
effects of nutrition in early and selecting larger heifers to calve
at two years, and using bulls that Mekonnen, M and Moges, N., 2016.,
mid-gestation, but care should
sire calves with small birth weights A Review on Dystocia in Cows.
also be taken not to overfeed cows
may reduce dystocia significantly. European Journal of Biological
in the last trimester, as this could
Breeders should select bulls with Sciences 8 (3): 91-100, 2016
increase calf birth weight.
low birth-weight EBVs for use on Ritchie, H. Peter T. Anderson,
Abnormal presentations of the heifers while maintaining at least Calving Difficulty in Beef Cattle:
calf accounted for 22% of dystocia moderate weaning and growth Part 1 in: Beef Cattle Handbook.
and 4% of all births in one study. EBVs. Michigan State University,
Twins also tend to have difficulty, University of Minnesota
mostly because of abnormal Research has also shown that
presentations. Bull calves are more dams differ greatly in the growth Schoeman , S.J., 1989. Recent
likely to cause difficult calving, rate of the calves they are carrying. research into the production
because they are generally larger This can be measured and selected potential of indigenous cattle with
and heavier than heifer calves. for in the Birth Maternal breeding special reference to the Sanga.
Gestation length is not highly value. EBVs for Birth Maternal S.Afr. J Anim.Sci. 19 (2), 55.
correlated with dystocia, but plays indicate the ease with which a
Statham, J., Distocia Management.
a role as longer gestation length bull’s daughters will calve.
https://www.msdvetmanual.com/
causes a higher birth weight, which Research shows that less than 50%
in turn increases the risk for calving of the total variation in dystocia
difficulty.
uppe marketing A28824
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LAAT JOU BEESTE EN JOU WINS SAAMGROEI!
Met Molatek se kundig geformuleerde proteïenkonsentraat, Beesvet 33+,
is dit nie net jou vleisbeeste wat gaan spog met bultende spiere en
massatoename nie … ook jou beursie gaan bult met die ekstra wins.
• Ekonomiese vleisbeesafronding met die laagste koste per kg massatoename.
• Bevat ’n groeibevorderaar wat voeromset en groei stimuleer.
• Gebruik hoëgehalte, natuurlike proteïen wat volgens die aminosuurprofiel
vir optimale karkasgroei gebalanseer word.
• Werk voedingsteurnisse en koksidiose teen.
• Verseker maksimum wins.
• Geskik vir die afronding van bulle en skoubeeste.
PROTEÏENKONSENTRAAT
Vir meer inligting oor Molatek se spesifieke voere en dienste, kontak:
RCL FOODS: www.rclfoods.com
MOLATEK: +27(0)13 791-1036 | www.molatek.co.za | molatek@rclfoods.com
Beesvet 33+ (V17357) (Wet 36 van 1947) JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 21
Samewerking lei tot prestasieInbreeding
Line breeding
Inbreeding Line breeding
• Inbreeding is the mating of related animals, • Line breeding is also inbreeding, but a slower
for example brother on sister, parent on child, form to avoid the disadvantages of inbreeding.
cousin on cousin, etc.
• Start with an outstanding individual that has
• It is used to concentrate "good" genes in a outstanding traits or features that needs to be
population, or to increase uniformity in the fixated in the breed.
offspring.
• Keep on selecting for the trait(s) in the offspring,
• However, it can also cause a gradual decrease while at the same time selecting against any signs
in productivity, fertility and survivability, a of infertility or weakness.
phenomenon known as inbreeding depression.
• Only mate distant family members with one
• As a rule of thumb, inbreeding should be kept another (ie slow inbreeding or low levels of
under 6.25%, although highly inbred animals inbreeding).
sometimes do not show inbreeding depression.
(The theoretical maximum inbreeding is 50%). • It is advantageous for a breed to consist of several
lines, which are only minimally mated with each
• High levels of inbreeding can lead to a situation other.
that there are too few unrelated parents in
a breed - thus reducing genetic diversity and • Try to maintain genetic diversity in the breed
causing the breed to disappear. by using only male animals that will limit the
inbreeding.
• Generally not recommended.
• Use many different males as sires to increase
genetic diversity.
Dr Helena Theron
SA Stud Book
22 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALJOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 23
BEWEIDE
GRASVELD
MOET KAN HERSTEL
EN NIE NET RUS NIE
D
it is belangrik om in gedagte Ouer benadering tot
te hou dat ‘n plant wat weiveldbenutting
bewei word in werklikheid
‘n tweeledige funksie Die hergroei van weiveld in die
moet vervul. Ten eerste moet die sentrale grasveld byvoorbeeld
plant in sy eie behoeftes voorsien, volg normaalweg ‘n S-vormige
maar dit moet boonop nog in die kromme na matige ontblaring
behoeftes van die weidende dier (Figuur 1). Hierdie groeikromme
word vervolgens gebruik om Prof Hennie Snyman
ook voorsien. Eersgenoemde Afgetrede weidingkundige
funksie word dikwels deur die grense van die ideale
die veeboer misgekyk en daar ontblaringsfrekwensie en – Voorheen verbonde aan
word net aan die dier gedink. intensiteit van meerjarige grasse Departement Vee-, Wild- en
in veral die droër dele van ons land Weidingkunde
Enige weiplant kan tot ‘n sekere
aan die Droughtmasterboer te Universiteit van die Vrystaat
mate ontblaar word sonder dat
noemenswaardige skade aangerig verduidelik. Hensny1@gmail.com
sal word. Die verkeerde intensiteit In die grafiek stel A – B die
(graad van ontblaring), frekwensie tydperk van stadige groei, bo- en
(gereeldheid van ontblaring) en onttrekking van reserwes lei tot
ondergronds, voor. In dié tyd kom
seisoen van ontblaring is die ‘n verswakte wortelstelsel wat nie
energie vir hergroei hoofsaaklik
belangrikste faktore wat wel minerale en water doeltreffend
vanaf groeireserwes. Dié reserwes
aanleiding tot veldagteruitgang en vanuit die grond kan opneem
wat by grasse in die stoppels,
‘n swak groeikragtige plant gee. nie. Die groeikragtigheid van die
wortels en kroon opgeberg
Die misverstand kom dus in by die bogrondse dele neem dan ook af.
word, is ook baie belangrik vir
gebruik van die woord beweiding In die tydperk C – D plat bogrondse
vinnige hergroei ná ontblaring.
vir ‘n proses wat in werklikheid produksie af, maar wortelgroei
Die tydperk B – C stel ‘n periode
oorbeweiding is. Die belangrikste neem toe. In dié tyd maak die plant
van vinniger groei voor, wanneer
beginsels vir volhoubare benutting saad, reserwes kan aangevul word
die plant in ‘n mindere mate
van die weidingekosisteem word en optimale wortelgroei vind plaas.
net van groeireserwes afhanklik
vervolgens bespreek. is. Teen dié tyd begin hy al sy Indien volhoubare produksie
normale proses van fotosintese verseker wil word, moet A – B en
hervat. Herhaaldelike ontblaring C – D so ‘n klein deel moontlik van
(beweging van C na B en A) en die groeisiklus uitmaak. Beweiding
die gevolglike aanhoudende behoort eers ná C te begin, maar
24 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALJOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 25
beskadig kan word. As sulke
verswakte plante reeds in die begin
van die seisoen voorkom, kan
hoë produksie onmoontlik later
van die veld verwag word. Weens
wisselvallige klimaat in die droër
dele verwelk plante dikwels voordat
C bereik word. Die groeikromme
dui dus net die grense vir ideale
ontblaringsfrekwensie aan. Die
daling in voedingswaarde namate
weiveld ouer word, asook wisseling
in reënval sal die mees praktiese
duur van rustye bepaal.
Op suurveld sal die mees praktiese
stadium vir beweiding dus voor C
bereik word. ‘n Boer met soetveld
kan weer verby C beweeg sonder
Figuur 1. Groei kromme van ‘n grasplant na beweiding dat die veld se voedingswaarde
baie sal afneem.
Ten einde hierdie fisiologiese
beginsels nog verder tot die
praktyk deur te trek is bevind
dat waar tussen 80 en 90% van
die bogrondse produksie van
klimaksgrasse verwyder is (met
ander woorde ontblaar is – laer
as punt B in Figuur 1), wortelgroei
totaal gestaak het vir so lank
as 12 tot 17 dae. ‘n Ontblaring
van tussen 50 en 70% het die
wortelgroei slegs vir ‘n paar dae
gedeeltelik laat staak, terwyl ‘n
blaarverwydering van minder as
50% (m.a.w. nie laer as punt B in
Figuur 1 nie) die wortelgroei slegs
vertraag het, maar nie totaal laat
stop het nie. Hierdie bevindinge
impliseer dat vir ‘n vinnige hergroei
na ontblaring, die grasplant nie
strawwer as ongeveer 50% ontblaar
Figuur 2. Invloed van strawwe ontblaring op wortel ontwikkeling moet word nie. Wortels staan dus
tweede in die tou as dit kom by
beskikbaarheid van groeireserwes
moet nie so straf wees dat dit (Figuur 2). vir groei en ontwikkeling. In die
die blaaroppervlakte tot laer as ekologies sensitiewe droër gebiede
B verminder nie. Hoe meer die Die rustyd na beweiding behoort kan dit nie bekostig word dat ‘n
plant ontblaar word, hoe langer B – C te wees. Die tydperk sal na grasgemeenskap met ‘n swak
sal dit duur om te herstel omdat gelang van die seisoen van die wortelstelsel ontwikkel nie. Hierdie
reserwes vir hergroei gebruik moet jaar wissel, asook na gelang van meer droogte sensitiewe toestand
word. ‘n Wortelstelsel in bykans klimaatsveranderings van jaar tot wat mag ontstaan deur herhaalde
rustende toestand vertraag die jaar. Indien die rustyd te kort is, strawwe beweiding, kan oor die
hergroei verder. Die persentasie sal die plant nie fase B tot C voltooi kort- sowel as die langtermyn
wortels wat groei staak, wissel nie. Die gevolg sal ‘n plant met ernstige voervloeiprobleme
in ooreenstemming met die swak groeikrag wees, wat maklik tot gevolg hê deurdat die
persentasie blare wat verwyder is deur latere beweiding en droogte groeikragtigheid
26 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALvan die weiveld afneem. Dit mag Tabel 1 Voorbeeld van volle groeiseisoensrus se produksie in die daar-
meebring dat die diere na ‘n opvolgende jaar – sentrale grasveldgebied.
volgende kamp, waar
Nie rus Volle groeiseisoensrus
die grasse nog nie punt C in Figuur Jaar
(2 keer/seisoen ontblaar) (elke 3de jaar)
1 bereik het nie, verskuif moet 2007/08 1 011 2 660
word. Die 2008/09 915 1 914
intensiteit en frekwensie van 2009/10 1 851 2 901
Gemiddeld 1 259 2 491
ontblaring van ‘n kamp bepaal dus
Weidingkapasiteit
die lengte van die 1.0 0.5
(ha/ kleinvee-eenheid)
rusperiode wat in ‘n benuttingstelsel
ingebou moet word.
word tussen die terme rus van veld Die graad van benutting tussen
Vars benadering tot en herstel daarvan. Laasgenoemde plante word deur die dier se
weiveldbenutting is die ideale benadering tot voorkeure bepaal. Nadat ‘n kamp
wortelontwikkeling en –herstel, benut is, sal smaakliker plante
Navorsing het getoon dat
wat ‘n vollegroeiseisoensrus gewoonlik maksimaal ontblaar
wortelstelsels van weiplante wees, terwyl die persentasie
na ontblaring nie naastenby insluit. Hierdie oogmerk sal ‘n
langer termynstrategie verg wat ontblaring van onsmaaklike
teen dieselfde tempo as die plante laer sal wees. Plante
bogrondse plantdele herstel ten doel het om die groeikrag
wat minder ontblaar is se
nie. Gevolglik moet ‘n langer van die gewenste weiplante te
kompeteervermoë sal dus sterker
rusperiode vir wortelherstel herwin. ‘n Kamp behoort dus wees vir voedingstowwe en water
in die bestuursbeplanning na elke derde jaar so ‘n rus te as die straf ontblaardes. Die
ingebou word. ‘n Plant met ‘n ontvang, maar kan wel gedurende lengte van die rusperiode moet
swakverspreide wortelstelsel die dormante maande (Mei tot dus lank genoeg wees sodat die
is meer droogte sensitief, het Augustus) bewei word sonder groeireserwes van smaaklike plante
‘n swak groeikragtigheid en is om werklik die uitwerking van weer aangevul kan word voor die
dus nie in staat om die water en die vollegroeiseisoensrus in die daaropvolgende ontblaring. ‘n
voedingstowwe ten volle vanuit die wiele te ry. Hierdie rus benadering Vollegroeiseisoensrus sal dus
lei volgens verskeie bevindinge verseker dat die fabriek van die
grond te onttrek nie. Wortelgroei
tot selfs ‘n verdubbeling in plant (blare) optimaal ontwikkel en
vind grootliks plaas gedurende
plantproduksie van die smaaklike gevolglik voldoende groeireserwes
periodes wanneer die bogrondse opbou vir hergroei na ‘n volgende
dele dormant is. Wortelgroei is plante in die daaropvolgende
seisoen (Tabel 1). ontblaring. Hierdie rus moet ook
gevolglik negatief gekorreleer vir wortelgroei en ontwikkeling
met bogrondse groei by grasse. voorsiening maak, sowel as om
Aangesien die ondergrondse Die resultate van Tabel 1 dui daarop
die droogteperiodes, wat meer die
dat die produksie verkry met ‘n
ontwikkeling tweede in die tou reël as die uitsondering in meeste
volle groeisei-soensrus 98% hoër is
staan vir beskikbaarheid van weivelddele is, die hoof te bied.
teenoor ontblaring twee keer per
groeireserwes, word die geweldige seisoen. Daar kan met vei-ligheid Die aard van die groeireserwes en
impak van oorbeweiding van gespekuleer word dat hierdie die hoeveelhede wat in verskillende
die bogrondse groei op die produksie voordeel verkry, nog organe gestoor word, wissel tussen
hele funksionering van die aansienlik sal toeneem soos wat grassoorte. Die verskillende
weidingekosisteem nie altyd ten die seisoene sal volg. Daar bestaan koolhidraatverbindings soos
volle deur die veeboer besef nie. nog vele sulke suksesverhale met glukose, fruktose, sukrose
lang rusperiodes. en stysel is aanvanklik as die
In die verlede was die tydperk van
belangrikste groei¬reserwes in
afwesigheid van diere uit 'n Hierdie benadering sal verseker
plante beskou. Die groeireserwes
kamp baie keer te kort om veel dat die plant nie net sal rus van
kan by meerjarige grasse in
regstreekse voordele vir die veld ‘n vorige beweiding nie, maar
die wortels, wortelstokke en
in te hou. In die jongste tyd is daar sy groeikragtigheid sal herwin,
stingelbasisse of stoppels gestoor
‘n neiging om die rusperiode lank asook beter saadproduksie en
word. By eenjarige grasse word dit
genoeg te maak om die veld wel in saailingvestiging bewerkstellig.
in die saad gestoor en by bossies
Laasgenoemde vars benadering
staat te stel om in die tydperk tussen en bome in die stamme.
tot veldbenutting impliseer dus
opeenvolgende beweidings nie net
veldherstel (groeikragtigheid) en Dit word algemeen aanvaar
te rus nie, maar ook te herstel. nie slegs die rus van die plante nie.
Daar moet dus onderskeid getref dat genoegsame groeireserwes
vir oorwintering en eerste
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 27lentegroei nodig is, wat deur ‘n van reserwes weer plaasvind. Die moontlike verdubbeling volle groeiseisoensrus verseker Hierdie periode van aanvulling in plantproduksie wat die word. Die totale suikers in die van reserwes staan bekend as die daaropvolgende seisoen verwag wortels en blare gedurende die herstelperiode. kan word, sal voertekorte lentegroei periode is laag, waarna ophef en ‘n meer konstante dit in die blare en wortels begin Samevatting voervloeibeplanning in die hand toeneem. Daar bestaan ‘n noue • Gereelde ontblaring se nadelige werk. ‘n Vollegroeiseisoensrus verband tussen die peil van die invloed op produksie word is veral in die droër weivelddele groeireserwes en groeikragtigheid oorgedra na die daaropvolgende wenslik omdat die wisselvallige van die weiplant. Navorsing het ook seisoen. Die stelling kan reënval wat die gebiede getoon dat die groeireserwepeil dus gemaak word dat veld kenmerk, verhoed dat die onmiddellik daal na ontblaring. wat te gereeld bewei word verlangde doelwit met korter Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat slegs 50% van sy potensiële rustye bereik word. die invloed van herhaaldelike droëmateriaalproduksie lewer. ontblarings kumulatief is en dat • Daar moet altyd in gedagte hoe meer intensief en hoe hoër • Die enigste tyd wanneer die gehou word dat die smaaklike die frekwensie van ontblaring, hoe weiplant by rus of herstel kan plante dié is wat eerste bewei laer sal die groeireserwes daal. Die baat, is wanneer dit in ‘n aktiewe word en dus die grootste bydrae doel met ‘n volle groeiseisoensrus groeifase is, met ander woorde, tot diereproduksie lewer. Die is dus om die gewenste soorte toe in die aktiewe groeiseisoen. kampe wat nie in ‘n betrokke te laat om voldoende hoeveelhede seisoen ‘n vollegroeiseisoensrus groeireserwes op te bou. Sodra • Om die groeikrag van die ontvang nie, moet volgens die genoeg bogrondse groei gevorm smaaklike komponent van bestuursbenadering soos in is en die tempo van fotosintese weiveld in stand te hou, Figuur 1 bespreek, benut word. die vereistes van respirasie en moet dit van tyd tot tyd ‘n groei oorskry, kan die aanvulling vollegroeiseisoensrus ontvang. 28 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 29
Swak ekonomie,
MAAR GOEIE BEES EN
SPEENKALF PRYSE
G
edurende 2020 se tweede impak op die laer inkome groep se
deel en eerste kwartaal koop patrone,waar hul meer stysel
in 2021, het beesvleis (mieliemeel) en minder proteïene
pryse vir Klas A besonder koop (indien wel goedkoop snitte
sterk (en hoog) gebly en so ook ens.)
speenkalf pryse en aanteel pryse.
Die pryse is ten spyte van ‘n diep Daar het ook gedurende 2020 se Prof Johan Willemse
ekonomiese resessie in 2020 (as tweede deel ‘n ander belangrike Ph D (Agricultural economics),
gevolg van die grendel staat).Die verandering plaasgevind in die University of Pretoria.
realiteit is dat die ekonomie in mark vir veevoer. Internasionale
2020 met 7% gekrimp het, dat daar mielie- en sojaboon pryse het met miljoen in 2020 en gaan dalk nog
sowat 2,2 miljoen werklose mense laer wees in 2021-weens kuddebou
sowat 50% gestyg in die tweede
bygevoeg is by die reeds sowat 30% en die terughou van versies. Die
deel van 2020 en alle aanduidings
werkloses. Ekonome is van mening tendens word in die meegaande
is dat die prysvlakke vir die grootse
dat dit die ekonomie enigiets van grafiek geïllustreer. Natuurlik
drie na vyf jaar gaan neem om die deel van 2021 gaan bly. In SA
het die geelmielie uitvoerprys het karkasse swaarder geword
verlore welvaart en produksie te
verander van ‘n jaar gelede van ,maar steeds was die aanbod
herwin. Dit sou naïef wees om te
dink dat die laer koopkrag nie die sowat R2200/ton na die huidige van beesvleis heelwat minder in
vleismark sal beïnvloed nie. R3200/ton. Voerkrale en ander 2020 met die diep ekonomiese
intensiewe veebedrywe se voer insinking. Dit het pryse gestut op
In die verlede het ons ‘n baie sterk marges het ernstig onder druk die hoë vlakke wat ons einde 2020
korrelasie gevind tussen stygende gekom en dit is welbekend dat gesien het en wat begin van 2021
beesvleis pryse en ‘n sterk groei in voerkrale (wat so 75-80% van die voortduur. Daar was doodgewoon
die ekonomie-soos meer mense beesvleis in die mark voorsien) te min slag aanbod vir die
werk gekry het en per capita inkome onder erge geldelike druk is en na beskikbare (kleiner ) vraag in die
gestyg het-het dit die vraag na raming so R2000-R2500/ speenkalf ekonomie. Ons moet ons dus nie
beesvleis gedryf en dus ook pryse. verlies maak(Maart 2021). Die mislei en dink dit is ‘n sterk vraag in
Intussen raam die Wêreldbank jaar se mielieoes is redelik in lyn die beesvleis mark wat pryse hoog
dat dit SA tussen 3-5 jaar kan met laasjaar en is my verwagting hou, maar tekorte .
neem om die verlore welvaart dat mieliepryse in die orde van Die laaste deel van 2020 het
van 2020 in te haal(wat belangrik R2800-R3200/ton gaan bly-dit goeie reën oor groot dele van
is vir die vraag na beesvleis). Dit maak dit moeilik om speenkalwers die westelike bees wei streke
beteken doodgewoon dat ons nie lank in ‘n voer kraal te hou en rasse uitgesak-wat beesboere in staat
‘n styging in die breë koopkrag wat vanaf die veld kan bemark- stel om met kudde bou te begin,
van die plaaslike bevolking kan behoort ‘n voordeel te hê na die grootskaalse vermindering
verwag om die vraag na beesvleis
Slagaanbod van beeste het in die van koei kuddes deur die droogte
te dryf en so pryse hoog te hou in
laaste drie jaar gedaal vanaf meer tydperk. Dit beteken noodwendig
die volgende aantal jare. Die slegte
ekonomiese toestande het ook ‘n as 3 miljoen per jaar (3,6 miljoen dat die aanbod van speenkalwers
in 2015) na ‘n geraamde sowat 2,5 laag gaan bly in die komende
30 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALjaar weens die heropbou van
koei kuddes in SA, Namibië en SA beesslagtings en Klas A prys
Botswana.
5000
Dit is duidelik dat groot druk op 4500
voerkrale geplaas is en die huidige 4000
3500
sake model moeilik volhoubaar
3000
is. Speenkalf pryse het skerp
2500
gestyg (tekorte) en is nou sowat
2000
80% van die klas A prys-waar die 1500
langtermyn gemiddeld rondom 1000
65% is. Daar is doodgewoon nie 500
genoeg speenkalwers en pryse 0
is hoog. Voerkrale met toegang 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
tot die uitvoermark word gestut , Klas A c/kg Slagtings(000)
deurdat die mark goed is na goeie
snitte . Die vereistes is egter hoog
en word daar ook toenemend
aangedring op naspeurbaarheid
vir die uitvoermarkte-dit gaan
Ekonomiese groeikoers % (BBP)
terug rol na plaasvlak en mettertyd 6
‘n vereiste word vir speenkalwers 4
aan die groot voerkrale.
2
Daar is die laaste drie jaar redelik
gevorder met protokolle om 0
2017 2018 2019 2020 200212 0222 023
beesvleis te kan uitvoer en het -2
China ook na vore getree as ‘n
sterk uitvoermark. -4
-6
SA voer tans na raming slegs
4% van ons beesvleis uit- en die -8
mikpunt is om dit aansienlik te
Bron: Monetere Beleidskomitee .Reserwebank. Maart 2021
verhoog-om te kompenseer vir die
krimpende binnelandse mark.
jaar (sien grafiek), wat sal help om die nodige investerings in abattoirs
So-wat word voorsien? besteebare inkome te verbeter en van voerkrale gedoen moet word
hopelik die binnelandse mark te en dat produksie stelsels daarby
Eerstens is dit duidelik dat stut. Intussen toon ontledings van aanpas.
voerkrale nie met die bestaande Australiese ontleders, dat China
sakemodel kan voortgaan, met en Asië sal voortgaan om groot en
duur voerpryse dalende marges groeiende invoerders van vleis te
en n swak binnelandse mark wees. Dit is vir ons baie belangrik
nie. Indien mens in ag neem dat om die uitvoermark te groei, so
speenkalf pryse 80% van die Klas ek verwag dat daar toenemend
A verkoop prys is, dat voergraan vereistes gestel gaan word vir die
relatief duur gaan bly die komende beesboer, sodat daar aan die mark
jaar- kan dit voordelig wees vir gelewer kan word.
beesboere wat vanaf die veld kan
bemark. Die kanse te midde van ‘n tekort
aan speenkalwers, dat speenkalf
Die verwagting van die prys binnekort gaan daal is na my
Reserwebank is dat daar wel mening ook skraal. Dit laat ons met
‘n oplewing in die SA ekonomie een opsie-dat die uitvoermark
gaan wees in die volgende drie vinnig gegroei moet word. Dat
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 3132 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 33
34 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 35
Female Sale
Tuesday 26th October 2021
11h00 at Afridome, Parys
18-19 VOVA
8TH PRODUCTION SALE
36 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER
Thursday 4th August| 2022
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL
| 11h00 at the Underberg sale yards17-22 VOVA
17-82 VOVA
CONTACT
Chippy Watson: 082 853 4975 | E-mail: admin@vova.co.za
JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 37AUSTRALIA’S OWN
BEEF BREED
T
he Droughtmaster breed tolerance, parasite resistance Droughtmaster History &
was created from the and quiet temperament. Background
adversity experienced January 8, 2015
by Australia’s pioneering From its initial development in
pastoralists and proudly takes its North Queensland, the breed
place as one of the great success has grown to the stage where History
stories of rural Australia. it is now acknowledged as the
‘Droughtmaster’ was the
2nd most numerous breed in
The breed was developed by name originally coined by the
northern Australia and is rapidly
commercial cattlemen specifically group of astute commercial
gaining prominence in the
for Australian conditions from cattlemen in North Queensland
temperate areas to the south.
the early to mid 1900s. who developed the breed
Characteristics to overcome the perennial
The pioneers were seeking a problems of drought, cattle ticks,
breed that would survive and The Droughtmaster can be heat, eye cancer and many other
thrive despite the parasites and either horned or polled (majority challenges.
adverse conditions that plagued polled); they have sleek chestnut
much of Australia’s northern to red coats and show a The arrival of cattle ticks from Asia
pastoral areas. moderate hump with deep, even in North Queensland just prior
fleshing and a shallow fat cover. to the turn of the 20th century,
Initial crossing of Bos taurus A high resistance to parasites is became a major problem for
(British) and Bos indicus (Tropical) coupled with excellent foraging the beef cattle industry. In the
breeds, followed by selective and walking abilities. Docile and northern areas of the state, it
breeding of the progeny, generally early maturing, they soon became apparent that
led to the creation of a fixed produce high yielding carcases of maintaining British breeds
breed which retained the best quality beef. Fertility, virility and of cattle such as Shorthorns,
characteristics of both genotypes calving ease combine to stamp Herefords and Shorthorn-Devon
– the Droughtmaster. the breed as highly efficient and cross cattle was becoming a
With Shorthorn, Devon and economically productive. costly and hazardous operation
Zebu breeds as its base, the due to tick problems and the
Droughtmaster is renowned for harsh conditions of the tropical
its high fertility, calving ease, heat environment. Consequently,
graziers began experimenting
with cross-breeding.
38 AFRICA DROUGHTMASTER | JOURNAL 2021 JOERNAALJOURNAL 2021 JOERNAAL | AFRIKA DROUGHTMASTER 39
The first Zebu (Bos indicus) cattle However, Monty Atkinson This bull played an important role
were imported into the area from had other ideas, especially in the ultimate formation of the
the Melbourne Zoo in 1910 and after seeing the descendants Droughtmaster breed. As a result
made available to grazier friends of the Zebu imports from the of patient perseverance and
in the north by the Curator of the Melbourne Zoo. With Ernest careful culling and selection of
Melbourne Zoological Gardens, White’s encouragement, he set progeny from the mixing of Bos
Mr. Bennett le Souef. Two of about attempting to develop indicus and Bos Taurus breeds,
the Zebu bulls went to a Mr. what ultimately became the the new breed was evolving.
McDowall, “Christmas Creek Droughtmaster. The breed
During the 1940’s Mr. Robert Rea
Station” near Mt Garnet, and needed to have the attributes
of “Kirknie”, Home Hill (south of
the other to a Mr. J. Robbins, necessary to withstand the
Townsville) who had grown tired
“Mowbray” near Mossman. severe environment of the
of battling ticks in his Hereford
These bulls created a strong tropics, as contained in the Zebu
herd, also commenced evolving
and favourable impression on (Bos indicus), but in the right
a herd suitable for the harsh
northern graziers at a time when proportions so as to not lose the
Queensland environment and
drought, heat, ticks and the benefits offered by the British
its parasites. The Kirknie herd
harsh environment were causing breed (Bos taurus) bloodlines.
was started with a red half-bred
severe losses in their herds of Through diligent selection of
Brahman bull from St. Lawrence,
British breed cattle. progeny over the years, these
which Mr. Rea considered so
results were ultimately achieved.
In 1926, R.L. (Monty) Atkinson, good he used him in a line
a future Droughtmaster Society A consignment of Brahman cattle breeding program to get an even
President, made an important was imported into Queensland in type of red cattle with Brahman
observation when taking mares the early 1930s by a syndicate of blood. However, he didn’t
to a blood stallion at “Bluff graziers and the CSIRO, which consider that his herd carried
Downs Station” near Charters gave Monty access to 3 half-bred sufficient Bos indicus blood for
Towers west of Townsville. At red Brahman bulls. These bulls the environment and therefore
“Christmas Creek Station” he saw were put in very "ticky" country later utilised a purebred Brahman
a large Zebu bull as well as his where they performed well. from “Wetherby Stud”, Mt Molloy
crossbred descendants, which Through the following years, (west of Cairns), selecting and
despite the region experiencing these and further half-bred bulls, culling the resultant progeny until
severe drought conditions at the by an imported bull called ‘Abel’ he obtained the type of cattle
time, were all in good store to fat were joined to Shorthorn and now running at “Kirknie”. Many
condition. Shorthorn-Devon cross females, years later, his contribution to the
with the best quarter-bred development of the breed was
When Monty reached “Bluff progeny selected for retention in recognized with his appointment
Downs”, grazier friend Ernest the breeding herd. as Patron of the Droughtmaster
White told him of his recent trip to Stud Breeders’ Society.
the USA where he was introduced This process was carefully
to the Santa Gertrudis breed. Mr. carried on over the years in a Another astute cattleman whose
White informed Monty that it had “grading up” program, until later work with crossbreeding Bos
been his intention to develop a 2 half-bred red Brahman bulls indicus and Bos Taurus cattle
similar breed to withstand the were bought from "Waverley had a profound effect on the
Queensland environment and Station" at St. Lawrence (near Droughtmaster breed was Mr.
climatic conditions. However, Rockhampton), the progeny Louis Fischer of “Daintree”,
a Professor of Genetics in USA of a purebred Brahman bull who commenced his breeding
told him that the chances of imported in the 1930s. Later, programs with Brahman bulls
developing such a breed were another bull was hand selected which were traced back to the
by Monty Atkinson, chosen for original importation of Zebu bulls
‘one in one hundred’, stating
its dominant colour, docility, from the Melbourne Zoo in 1910.
that King Ranch in Texas had
tick resistance and the fact that Mr. Fisher’s herd of tick resistant
been ‘just lucky’ to breed their
it produced progeny that were cattle in the humid Daintree
foundation Santa Gertrudis sire.
widely regarded as being good Valley was well renowned and
doers and excellent breeders. many Droughtmaster herds have
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