European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org

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European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
European Society of Clinical
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Yearbook 2018/19

www.escmid.org
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
ESCMID Yearbook
2018/2019         Table of Contents

                  		Society                                          		Professional Affairs
                  2		 Message from the ESCMID President              65 Professional Affairs Overview
                  4		 Message from the Secretary General             66 ESCMID Collaborative Centres and
                  6		 Organizational chart                           		Observerships
                                                                     68 ECDC/ESCMID Observership 2018
                  		Science                                          69 WHO/ESCMID Observership 2018
                  8		 Scientific Affairs                             70 Trainee Association of ESCMID (TAE)
                  10 Study Groups                                    72 ESCMID Parity Commission
                  20 European Committee on Antimicrobial
                  		 Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) in 2018– 2019   		International Networking
                  24 European Committee on Infection                 73 ESCMID International Affairs
                  		Control (EUCIC)                                  		Subcommittee (EIAS)
                  28 Emerging infections task force (EITaF) 2018
                                                                     		 Awards & Grants
                  		Publications                                     74		 ESCMID Award for Excellence in Clinical
                  29 Publications                                    		 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2019
                  30 Clinical Microbiology and Infection             75 ESCMID Young Investigator Awards
                  32 ESCMID publications                             		 for Research in Clinical Microbiology and
                  40 Medical Guidelines                              		 Infectious Diseases 2019
                                                                     76 ESCMID Research Grants 2019
                  		Education                                        78 ISF-ESCMID Sepsis Award 2019
                  44 ESCMID Educational Activities                   78 ESCMID TAE Award for Training
                  46 ESCMID Courses and Workshops                    		Achievements 2019
                  49 17th ESCMID Summer School
                  		 Paris, France, 1–7 July, 2018                   		Finances
                                                                     80 Finances
                  		Conferences
                  50 ESCMID/ASM Conference on Drug                   		Forthcoming Events
                  		 Development to Meet the Challenge of            82 Future Congresses
                  		Antimicrobial Resistance                         83 Forthcoming Events
                  		 Lisbon, Portugal, 4 –7 September, 2018
                  54 Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance          		 Acknowledgement of Reviewers
                  		 from Bench to Practice                          84 ECCMID abstract reviewers
                  		 Havana, Cuba, 26 – 27 September, 2018           86 ESCMID research grant reviewers

                  		ECCMID                                           88 Credits
                  58 28th ECCMID, 21 – 24 April, 2018
                  		 in Madrid, Spain
                  62 29th ECCMID, 13 – 16 April, 2019
                  		 in Amsterdam, Netherlands
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Message from the ESCMID President                                                                                       infectious diseases and clinical microbiology with
                                                                                                                                                 renowned experts and all members of the Executive
                                                                                                                                                                                                           The recently created figure of the ESCMID Member-
                                                                                                                                                                                                           ship Counsellor (EMeC) provides support for mem-
                                                                                                                                                 Committee. While we are also working to increase          bers and affiliated partners, representing their inter-
                                                                                                                                                 our portfolio of online activities, we still think that   ests and also serving as a channel for raising new
                                                                                                                                                 face-to-face activities should continue, as they pro-     ideas about improving transparency and the open-
                                                                                                                                                 vide the additional benefit of personal interaction       ness of the Society.
                                                                                                                                                 and networking.
                                                                                                                                                 		 The Observership Programme is a very suc-              Time to say thank you
                                            “We are convinced that it is through collaboration                                                   cessful ESCMID initiative. Because of the huge            ESCMID is team work. It is always a good time to
                                                                                                                                                 increase in applications for observerships, some          acknowledge all those who help to make ESCMID
                                            that we can best contribute to improving the prevention,                                             changes were needed, and the results of the new           and ECCMID a success. Of course, we thank all col-
                                            diagnosis and treatment of patients with infections                                                  programme will be evaluated over the next year. The       leagues who volunteer their time: all Executive Com-
                                                                                                                                                 Mentorship programme is under evaluation after the        mittee and ad-hoc members, chairs and members of
                                            worldwide, raising awareness of the problems caused                                                  pilot phase, and we will probably be opening it to        our committees (EUCAST and EUCIC) and subcom-
                                            by neglected and emerging infectious diseases                                                        new applications soon.                                    mittees (Education, Scientific Affairs, Publication,
                                                                                                                                                 		 ESCMID is concerned about equity. Our Parity           Professional Affairs, International Affairs), the Par-
                                            and spreading the critical role of science in this fight.”                                           Commission is extremely helpful, and their propos-        ity Commission, the Trainee Association of ESCMID,
                                                                                                                                                 als are always considered very seriously. The Trainee     Emerging Infection Task Force, Study Groups, ECCMID
                                            Jesús Rodríguez-Baño                                                                                 Association of ESCMID is also working hard on behalf      Programme Committee, and the CMI editorial board.
                                            ESCMID President                                                                                     of younger members and we encourage all trainees          More than 200 colleagues dedicate time and talent
                                            jesus.rodriguez-bano@escmid.org                                                                      to join and help. We continue to work hard to improve     to helping ESCMID achieve its mission. Thanks too
                                                                                                                                                 gender and geographical balance in all our activities.    to our affiliated and sister societies for their contri-
                                                                                                                                                 Colleagues from very low-income countries can now         bution. My sincere gratitude of course to our Office
                         ESCMID continues to grow, both in size and scientific      in the next 50 years. Awareness and knowledge of             benefit from reduced membership fees, and we are          staff who carry out their work with amazing com-
                         influence. While we can justifiably feel proud of this,    certain critical problems related to infectious diseas-      looking for ways to facilitate their attendance at EC-    mitment. Last but not least, I want to express my
                         I have learned during my first year as President that      es is also clearly insufficient at the level of the gener-   CMID. We have also created ESCMID CAREer grants to        gratitude to all our members, the main driving force
                         our responsibilities and the complexity of manage-         al population. What is more, the information available       help members who require childcare for their chil-        behind our efforts.
                         ment have also increased significantly. However, the       is sometimes contaminated by fake data (vaccines             dren while they are developing a research project.
                         ESCMID team enjoys challenges, so this one only            are a good example). ESCMID can play an important
                         encourages us to work harder. In fact, we are work-        role here through the social networks and other me-          An open and transparent Society
                         ing on a Strategic Plan to help guide the Society over     dia, and we are increasing our activity in this area.        ESCMID growth must not prove a barrier for anyone
                         the next 5 years. This Yearbook provides you with an                                                                    willing to collaborate. We need our structures to be
                         overview of the activities that were carried out last      Guidelines                                                   open to our members, their ideas and proposals. We
                         year. Meanwhile, we continue to think of ways to do        Guidelines are a tool for improving care. ESCMID is          are working with our Study Groups, Committees and
                         more and better...                                         committed to dramatically increasing and improv-             Subcommittees to improve this as much as possible.
                                                                                    ing our activity in guideline development, both on
                         International collaboration                                our own and in collaboration with other societies.
                         ESCMID is increasingly the home of a large collabora-      Beyond that, we are working to develop tools to help
                         tive network of scientific societies for clinical micro-   with the implementation of guidelines and evaluate
                         biology and infectious diseases from different coun-       their impact. We are also aware that the guidelines
                         tries inside and outside Europe, as well as research       methodology can be improved or even rethought,
                         and professional consortia. We are convinced that it       and we are working on innovations in this area too.                                                                                                                               Executive Committee
                         is through collaboration that we can best contribute       Please see the specific section in this Yearbook for                                                                                                                              (left to right)
                         to improving the prevention, diagnosis and treat-          further information.                                                                                                                                                              Alex W. Friedrich
                         ment of patients with infections worldwide, raising                                                                                                                                                                                          Emmanuelle Cambau
                         awareness of the problems caused by neglected and          Helping education and career development                                                                                                                                          Maurizio Sanguinetti
                         emerging diseases and spreading the critical role of       We are aware that specialised training in clinical                                                                                                                                Evelina Tacconelli
                         science in this fight. We are therefore investing in       microbiology and infectious diseases shows consid-                                                                                                                                Jesús Rodríguez Baño
                         increasing our collaboration with scientific societies     erable heterogeneity across Europe and worldwide.                                                                                                                                 Annelies Zinkernagel
                         on all continents, learning about their expertise, as      Furthermore, our fields are constantly evolving and                                                                                                                               Mario Poljak
                         well as the problems and needs in their respective         there is a clear need for high-level continuous edu-                                                                                                                              Önder Ergönül
                         countries.                                                 cational activities. We are therefore continuing to
                                                                                    develop our traditional postgraduate courses and
                         Advocacy and communication                                 workshops, trying to cover the most critical as-
                         The importance of microbiology and infectious dis-         pects in our fields. From now on, a number of these
                         eases in human health is obvious to all working in         courses will always be held outside Europe in col-
                         this area but is frequently not adequately reflected at    laboration with local organisations. We are proud
                         the level of political and healthcare management de-       to say that our courses and workshops regularly
                         cisions. Hence, ESCMID is working to explain better to     receive very high ratings from attendees. We dedi-
                         politicians, health authorities and research funding       cate special care to the Summer School, where
                         bodies about the problems and challenges related to        75 trainees and (mostly) young specialists meet
                         infections that humanity faces right now and will face     for a week to learn and to discuss general issues in

2   YEARBOOK 2018/2019   SOCIETY                                                                                                                                                                                                                           YEARBOOK 2018/2019     SOCIETY    3
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Message from the Secretary General

                                            “Probably the most important strength
                                                                                                                                            Total
                                                                                                                                            ESCMID members
                                                                                                                                            2018                            8,183
                                            of ESCMID is its extraordinary capability of
                                            combining the two fields of clinical
                                                                                                                                                                                         2,573
                                            microbiology and infectious diseases, which
                                            connected as the two faces of Janus.”                                                                                                                                                                  3,545

                                            Maurizio Sanguinetti
                                            ESCMID President-elect and Secretary General
                                            maurizio.sanguinetti@escmid.org                                                                 Figure 1.
                                                                                                                                            Type of membership
                                                                                                                                                 basic                                                   2,065
                         I can undoubtedly say that this year ESCMID has           The positive feedback from the international scientif-        full
                         thrived in terms of membership, influence, and vi-        ic community to the plethora of ESCMID activities is          young scientist
                                                                                                                                                            member type
                         sion. We now have more than 8,100 members across          represented by the high participation in ESCMID an-
                         130 countries. While Europe still represents the ma-      nual congress. Once again, the number of abstracts                                                                            251 99
                         jority of our members (75,53%), we are also proud of      received (over 5,300) and participants (just shy
                         the strong support from the Americas (10.71%) and         of 13,000) in the last congress has reached levels
                         Asia (9.48%). Thanks to our members, ESCMID has           never seen before. Of note, there has been a consid-                                                          776
                         reached a place of absolute prominence compared           erable attendance by non-Europeans, documented
                         to other international scientific societies. One of our   by the fact that the United States is the most rep-                                          876
                         strengths being the extraordinary capability of com-      resented country. ECCMID greatest drawcard is its
                         bining the fields of clinical microbiology and infec-     scientific program that covers all aspects of human
                                                                                                                                            Figure 2.
                         tious diseases, which stay tied as Janus’ faces.          pathogens and infections, including pathogenesis,
                                                                                                                                            Members by continent
                         		 Through ESCMID, our valued clinical microbiol-         epidemiology, infection control, diagnostics and
                                                                                                                                                 Europe
                         ogy and infectious diseases specialists come face to      treatment. Furthermore, ECCMID is able to capture
                                                                                                                                                 Americas
                         face to promote numerous research and educational         more and more attention and interest from attend-
                                                                                                                                                 Asia                                                                                  6,181
                         activities in order to accomplish the mission of im-      ees, as it is the place for networking, exchange of
                                                                                                                                                 Oceania
                         proving the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of        professional experiences, and identification of part-
                                                                                                                                                 Africa
                         infection-related diseases. We are aware that over        ners for future research projects.
                         the recent years, the tasks to achieve such mission
                         have become more difficult, and require more ef-
                         forts and devotion. While we are not yet winning the
                         battle against emerging and re-emerging infections                                                                                               700
                         and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, we have rec-
                         ognized the ever-increasing importance of infection                                                                                              600
                         control and antimicrobial stewardship. Meanwhile,
                         we are aware that the scientific and professional                                                                                                500
                         community working in both fields need more guid-
                         ance and/or support in education, research, and                                                                                                  400
                         career development. In response to that, ESCMID
                                                                                                                                                                          300
                         has expanded its commitment by increasing the
                         number of educational activities, as well as the re-                                                                                             200
                         sources dedicated to observership and mentorship
                         programmes, research grants, international collabo-                                                                                              100
                         ration initiatives and the development of medical
                         guidelines. Of course, this expansion has involved                                                                                                0

                                                                                                                                                                                United Kingdom

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Spain

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Italy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Germany

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Netherlands

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           France

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Switzerland

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Belgium
                                                                                                                                                                                                 United States

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Australia
                         everybody within ESCMID, including the Executive
                         Committee, Subcommittee members, Study Groups,
                                                                                                                                            Figure 3.
                         and the Executive Office staff.
                                                                                                                                            Top membership
                                                                                                                                            countries

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European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Organizational chart

Executive Committee (EC) members                                                                                                                                              Ad hoc EC members

Jesús Rodríguez         Maurizio            Alex W. Friedrich   Annelies             Önder Ergönül       Emmanuelle             Mario Poljak             Evelina Tacconelli   Winfried V. Kern     Leonard Leibovici   Luigia Scudeller   Christian Giske
Baño                    Sanguinetti         Groningen, NL       Zinkernagel          Istanbul, TR        Cambau                 Ljubljana, SI            Tübingen, DE         Freiburg, DE         Tel Aviv, IL        Pavia, IT          Stockholm, SE
Seville, ES             Rome, IT                                Zurich, CH                               Paris, FR                                       Verona, IT

General Affairs         General Affairs     Finance             Science              Education           Professional           Publications             Medical Guidelines   ECCMID               CMI                 Medical            EUCAST
President               President-elect &   Treasurer &         Scientific Affairs   Education &         Affairs                Immediate Past           Medical Guidelines   Programme Director   Editor-in-Chief     Guidelines         Chairperson
                        Secretary General   Financial Support   Officer              Communications      Professional           President &              Officer                                                       Director
                                            Officer                                  Officer             Affairs Officer        Publications Officer &
                                                                                                                                ECCMID Officer

ESCMID Council                                                  Scientific Affairs   Education           Professional Affairs   Publication              Medical Guidelines   ECCMID Programme
                                                                Subcommittee         Subcommittee        Subcommittee           Subcommittee             Subcommittee         Committee
International Affairs
Subcommittee                                                    Study Groups                             Parity Commission,
                                                                                                         TAE

Executive Office

Simone Brüderli         Andjelka Rasic      Daniele Roppolo     Luigi Maddaluno      William Caddy       Benjamin Schirra       Carla Seiler             Joan Goulley
Chief Operating         Accountant          Science Manager     Science Manager      Education Manager   Professional Affairs   Event Coordination       Publications &
Officer                                                                                                  & Event Support        Manager                  Medical Guidelines
                                                                                                         Coordinator                                     Manager

6     YEARBOOK 2018/2019         SOCIETY                                                                                                                                                                                                    YEARBOOK 2018/2019   SOCIETY   7
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Scientific Affairs                                                                                                   Scientific Affairs Subcommittee
                                                                                                                                              Zeno Bisoffi, Italy (since 2019)
                         www.escmid.org/science
                                                                                                                                              Oliver Dyar, Sweden (since 2017)
                                                                                                                                              Luigi Gradoni, Italy (until 2018)
                                                                                                                                              Gilbert Greub, Switzerland (until 2018)
                                                                                                                                              Andreas Groll, Germany (until 2018)
                                                                                                                                              Mary Horgan, Ireland (since 2019)
                                            “In addition to awards and funding providing
                                                                                                                                              Mona Johannessen Norway (since 2017)
                                            great motivation, it is the ever-expanding
                                                                                                                                              Souha Kanj, Lebanon (since 2017)
                                            ESCMID network of very knowledgeable                                                              Frédéric Laurent, France (since 2017)
                                            scientists and specialists driving the scientific                                                 Holger Rohde, Germany (since 2019)
                                            and medical progress of ESCMID forwards.”                                                         Kate Templeton, United Kingdom (since 2019)
                                                                                                                                              Carolina Garcia Vidal, Spain (since 2017)
                                            Annelies Zinkernagel                                                                              Adriana Vince, Croatia (until 2018)
                                            ESCMID Scientific Affairs Officer
                                            annelies.zinkernagel@escmid.org

                         We are looking back at another productive and in-         New year, new people: the new Scientific Affairs
                         teractive year! Many thanks to all of you and in par-     Subcommittee
                         ticular the study groups and their members, the old       One of the major roles of SAS is to assist the Scien-
                         and new Scientific Affairs Subcommittee members,          tific Affairs Officer and the Society in defining Scien-
                         and all ESCMID members for their fantastic inputs,        tific Affairs priorities and supporting science in gen-
                         support and relentless work. It is a pleasure working     eral, and specifically supporting the ESCMID Study
                         together!                                                 Groups. Furthermore, the SAS members carefully an-
                         		 In order to reinforce all these efforts we have        alyze and evaluate the productivity of the SGs, with
                         recruited fantastic staff to the ESCMID Office. Wel-      the final aim of maximizing their scientific activity.
                         come aboard! Together, we are looking forward to          		 In 2018, four experienced SAS members com-
                         another fruitful year.                                    pleted their terms of office: Luigi Gradoni, Gilbert
                                                                                   Greub, Andreas Groll and Adriana Vince. I am thank-
                         The “engine room” of ESCMID scientific activity:          ful to them for their commitment over all these years
                         the Study groups                                          and for their hard work!
                         ESCMID Study Groups (SGs) are the core of our Soci-
                         ety. Through them, ESCMID actively enriches the sci-      Starting from January 2019, we are pleased to com-
                         entific community with new findings, which results in     plement our team with Holger Rohde, Kate Temple-
                         scientific publications, including medical guidelines     ton, Mary Horgan and Zeno Bisoffi. I warmly welcome
                         and textbooks. This is why we guarantee that all SGs      the newly appointed members and am looking for-
                         have adequate scientific and financial resources,         ward to working together. I am looking forward to
                         and we help them set up new collaborations.               your new and stimulating inputs!
                         		 Our SG community is increasing every year. In
                         2018, three new SGs were founded: the SG for Res-
                         piratory Viruses (ESGREV), the SG for Host and Mi-
                         crobiota Interaction (ESGHAMI) and the SG for Public
                         Health Microbiology (ESGPHM).
                         		 In addition, SGs are always evolving, leading to
                         the expansion of activity fields. For instance, the SG
                         for bloodstream infections and sepsis now also cov-
                         ers endocarditis (ESGBIES) and the SG for Mycoplas-
                         ma infections now embraces Chlamydia (ESGMAC).
                         		 SG scientific meetings and joint conferences
                         with other international organisations are another
                         important activity in this portfolio, which the Scien-
                         tific Affairs Subcommittee (SAS) also oversees. Fi-
                         nally, as Scientific Affairs Officer, I am enthusiastic
                         to promote the collaboration of SGs with the ECCMID                                                                  Scientific Affairs Subcommittee Meeting in 2018
                         Programme Director in further developing ECCMID                                                                      (left to right) Luigi Gradoni, Frédéric Laurent, Nancy Gerits (former Guidelines & Publications Manager), Annelies Zinkernagel (Scientific Affairs
                         scientific programme.                                                                                                Officer), Souha Kanj, Carolina Garcia Vidal, Gilbert Greub, Adriana Vince, Mona Johannessen, Andreas Groll, Daniele Roppolo (Science Manager)

8   YEARBOOK 2018/2019   SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                YEARBOOK 2018/2019       SCIENCE   9
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Study Groups
www.escmid.org/studygroups

Here we look back over the many activities per-
formed by our study groups in the calendar year
2018. The following pages show a selection of major
achievements or ongoing activities of the individual                                     a                         b
study groups. In general the study groups strongly
contribute to ECCMID’s scientific programme by
proposing symposia, educational workshops and
meet-the-expert sessions. They organize the major-
ity of courses/workshops for the ESCMID education                                        c                         d
programme (see page 44 Education) and publish a
number of scientific articles in ESCMID’s name (see                    Figure legend: Characteristics of culture of various Mucorales (a–c) on         Figure legend: Cultures of different clinical samples on anaerobic blood
page 29 Publications).                                                 Sabouraud agar at 37 °C after 4 days of incubation, and fluorescence mi-        agar plates incubated for 72h in an anaerobic chamber (Department of
                                                                       croscopy (d) of a lung biopsy and calcofluor white staining (magnifica-         Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary)              • Co-organisation of the postgraduate course “Challenges in Veter-
                                                                       tion 100X) displaying broad, unseptate hyphae.                                                                                                               inary Hospital Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship”,
                                                                                                                                                       • Publication of the article “Sample preparation method influenc-            04/04/2018, Birmingham, United Kingdom
                                                                       • Organisation of the conference “8th Advances Against Aspergil-                  es direct identification of anaerobic bacteria from positive blood       • Publication of the article “Legal framework of antimicrobial stew-
                                                                         losis (AAA)”, 31/01 – 04/02/2018, Lisboa, Portugal                              culture bottles using MALDITOF MS”, Jeverica et al., Anaerobe,             ardship in hospitals (LEASH): a European Society of Clinical Mi-
                                                                       • Organisation of the postgraduate technical workshop “Antifun-                   2018. This study was performed in collaboration with ESGAI                 crobiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) cross-sectional in-
                                                                         gal Resistance in Candida and Aspergillus: from clinic to clinical            • Setting up an International Quality Assurance Scheme for Anaer-            ternational survey”, Beovic et al., Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2018
                                                                         laboratory”, 18 – 21/09/2018, Delhi, India                                      obes (IAQAS)                                                             • Contribution to the preparation of the article “ESCMID generic
                                                                       • Publication of the article “Developing definitions for invasive               • Presentation “Ongoing research on Anaerobes in Europe” at the              competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship: to-
                                                                         fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients in intensive care              14th Biennial Congress of the Anaerobe Society of the Americas,            wards a European consensus”, Dyar et al., CMI, 2018
                                                                         units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections Definitions in ICU pa-                 09 – 12/07/2018, Las Vegas, USA
                                                                         tients (FUNDICU) project”, Mycoses, 2018

Figure legend: Community analysis with a chromogenic media (by Svet-   Figure legend: Human intravasal microdialysis to determine the un-                                                                                         Figure legend: Multispecies biofilm containing GFP-producing Pseu-
lana Ugarcina)                                                         bound, i.e. antimicrobial active fraction, of antibiotics in vivo; an innova-                                                                              domonas aeruginosa, stained with wheat germ agglutinin (red) and
                                                                       tive data source for PK/PD modelling (by Markus Zeitlinger)                     • Organisation of the post-graduate course “Colistin: the last barri-      SYTO44 (blue) (by Eva Vandeplassche)
                                                                                                                                                         er for MDR” in collaboration with the Peking Union Medical College
• Organisation of the “International Giardia and Cryptosporidium       • Organisation of the course “Optimised dosing of antibiotics –                   and the Global Chinese Association of Clinical Microbiology and          • Publication of the commentary “Should standardized suscepti-
  Conference” to be held in Rouen, France, 23–26/06/2019                 understanding PK/PD, clinical breakpoints and therapeutic drug                  Infectious Disease (GCACMID), 25 – 26/05/2018, Beijing, China              bility testing for microbial biofilms be introduced in clinical prac-
• Organisation of the symposium “Reservoirs of antimicrobial re-         monitoring”, 11 – 12/04/2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands                          • Increased collaboration with the Central Asian and Eastern Euro-           tice?”, Coenye et al., CMI, 2018
  sistance genes” at ECCMID 2019, co-arranged with ESGVM, ESGS         • Comment on the EMA "Concept paper on preparation of a revised                   pean Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network           • Organisation of an online course on biofilms, September – Novem-
  and ESGARS                                                             guideline on the evaluation of medicinal products indicated for               • Participation in the INCREMENT-SOT project together with ESGBIES,          ber 2018
• Publication of the article “Discrimination of non-typhoid Salmo-       treatment of bacterial infections"                                              ESGICH and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Dis-           • Preparation of the conference “Eurobiofilms2019” to be held in
  nella serogroups and serotypes by Fourier Transform Infrared         • Organisation of a session at the French national congress of in-                eases (REIPI)                                                              Glasgow, United Kingdom, 3 – 6/09/2019
  Spectroscopy: A comprehensive analysis”, Campos et al., Inter-         fectious disease, to be held on 05–07/06/2019, Lyon, France
  national Journal of Food Microbiology, 2018. This work was co-
  funded with a EFWISG Study Group Research Grant.

10   YEARBOOK 2018/2019     SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                YEARBOOK 2018/2019      SCIENCE    11
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Figure legend: Phylogenetic reconstruction of Borrelia species based on                                                                             Figure legend: International spread of the epidemic Klebsiella pneumoni-
                                                                               791 aligned protein homologs built with the PEPR pipeline and FastTree2                                                                             ae ST258/512 clone. Unrooted phylogenetic tree of 651 isolates of ST258
• New name, new scope: ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream In-                  with 100 jackknifed resampling replicates (Margos et al., 2018)            • Organisation of the ESCMID/ASID course on infectious diseases          and 512. The isolate tips are coloured by the country of isolation (modi-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   fied from “Epidemic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in
  fections, Endocarditis and Sepsis                                                                                                                         in pregnant women, foetuses and newborns, 16 – 18/09/2018,             Europe is driven by nosocomial spread: Inference from a continent-wide
• Publication of the article “Survival following Staphylococcus au-            • Publication of the article “Laboratory support for the diagnosis           Sydney, Australia                                                      population analysis”, David et al., under review).
  reus bloodstream infection: A prospective multinational cohort                 of Lyme borreliosis: a position paper of ESGBOR, the ESCMID              • Support to the project “Toxoplasmosis in Transplant Recipients,
  study assessing the impact of place of care”, Nambiar et al., J                study group for Lyme borreliosis”, Dessau et al., CMI, 2018                Europe, 2010 – 2014”, Robert-Gangneux et al., Emerging Infec-
  Infect., 2018                                                                • Commentary on the WHO ICD11 disease classification codes for               tious Diseases, 2018                                                   Co-organisation of the following workshops:
• Organisation of the course “Better methods for clinical studies in             Lyme borreliosis                                                         • Presentation at the XXXVIII Turkish Microbiology Congress,             • “Workshop on Migrants’ Health”, 8–10/03/2018, Muscat, Oman
  infectious diseases and clinical microbiology: a hands-on work-              • Position on the EU parliament resolution on Lyme borreliosis               04 – 08/11/2018, Antalya, Turkey                                       • “Capacity-Building Workshop: Metagenomics in the Diagnostic
  shop”, 7–9/11/2018, Seville, Spain                                                                                                                                                                                                 Laboratory”, 21–24/10/2018, Groningen, Netherlands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   • “Diagnostic microbiology: MALDI-TOF, bacterial genomics, metagen-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     omics, automation and molecular microbiology”, 25–28/09/2018,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Lausanne, Switzerland

Figure legend: The presence of Clostridioides difficile infection surveil-                                                                                Figure legend: Lung biopsy showing bronchiolitis in a case of respira-   Figure legend: Microbiota and One Health (source: www.openclipart.org)
lance system and reference or central laboratories for C. difficile in 2017,                                                                              tory syncytial virus-associated infant death (by B. Aguilera)
by country (Krutova et al., 2018)                                              • Publication of the review “Management of KPC-producing Kleb-                                                                                      • At their first assembly at ECCMID 2018, members elected the
                                                                                 siella pneumoniae infections”, Bassetti et al., CMI, 2018                • Publication of the review “Post-mortem microbiology in sudden            ESGHAMI Executive Committee: Prof. Ed Kuijper (Netherlands),
• Adoption of a new name: ESCMID Study Group for Clostridioides                • Organisation of the 2nd Critical Care Conclave, 14/07/2018, Goa,           death: sampling protocols proposed in different clinical set-            Prof. Benoit Guery (Switzerland) and Prof. Maria Vehreschild
  difficile                                                                      India                                                                      tings”, Fernandez-Rodríguez et al., CMI, 2018                            (Germany) were selected as chair, secretary and treasurer, re-
• Publication of the commentary “The pitfalls of laboratory diag-              • Task force on de-escalation therapy in critically ill patients in col-   • Presentation of ESGFOR at the meeting. “Animal, Plants and Soil          spectively
  nostics of C. difficile infection”, Krutova et al., CMI, 2018                  laboration with ESCM                                                       Traces” organised by the European Network of Forensic Sciences         • Membership increased rapidly: 29 people from 16 countries be-
• Co-organiser of the “7th Next Generation Sequencing Work-                                                                                                 Institutes, 10–13/04/2018, Pontoise, France                              come ESGHAMI members by the end of the year
  shop on Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Clostridioides difficile”,                                                                                            • Launch of the collaborative project “Targeted 16S-23S rDNA Next        • Strong contribution to the ECCMID 2019 scientific programme
  21–23/03/2018, Vienna, Austria                                                                                                                            Generation Sequencing: is it a complementary technique in iden-          with co-organisation of 5 sessions
• Collaborative project on the standardization of faecal microbiota                                                                                         tifying an infectious cause of death?”, funded by a ESCMID Study
  transplantation for treatment of patients with multiple recur-                                                                                            Group research grant
  rences of C. difficile

12   YEARBOOK 2018/2019         SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                              YEARBOOK 2018/2019       SCIENCE    13
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Figure legend: the ESGIAI app "PJI Database" on the Apple store              Figure legend: Metallophilic macrophage rings (green) surrounded by                                                                             Figure legend: Legionella pneumophila
                                                                             the red pulp (violet) in the spleen of mice have been identified as the
• Publication of the article “Multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug           location in which Streptococcus pneumoniae replicates before causing      • Publication of the article “Refugees and family-reunified immi-     • Presentation of the results of an ESGLI survey regarding the Se-
  resistant (XDR) Gram negative prosthetic joint infections (PJI):           invasive disease (Ercoli et al., 2018)                                      grants have a high incidence of HIV diagnosis and late presen-        quence Base Typing (SBT) database at the 9th annual meeting of
  Role of surgery and impact of colistin administration”, Papado-                                                                                        tation compared with Danish born: a nationwide register-based         the European Legionnaires’ disease surveillance network (ELD-
  poulos et al., Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2018                               • Support to the publication “Combined effect of non-bacteriolytic          cohort study”, Deen et al., Infection, 2018                           SNET), by Dr Victoria Chalker, Lyon, France
• Organisation of the ESCMID Postgraduate Course “Update on                    antibiotic and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases prevents         • Presentation at the International Alliance for the control of       • Organisation of the “5th meeting of the ESCMID Study Group for
  Endocarditis and Endovascular Infections”, 20–23/03/2018,                    brain injury and preserves learning, memory and hearing func-             Scabies: “Mass drug administration in asylum seekers in New           Legionella Infections”, 28–30/08/2018, Lyon, France
  Muenster, Germany                                                            tion in experimental paediatric pneumococcal meningitis”, Muri            Orleans” by Prof. Ymkje Stienstra, on behalf of ESGITM              • Obtained ECDC travel grants for the projects “Antimicrobial resist-
• Development of the free-of-charge application “PJI Database” that            et al., Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2018                              • Co-organisation of the “International Conference on Migration         ance in Legionella” and “Legionella SBT database WGS meeting”
  helps researchers collect clinical data on periprosthetic joint in-        • Organisation of the ESCMID Postgraduate Education Course                  Health”, 13/10/2018, Rome, Italy
  fections and creates a common database for prospective studies               “Acute Bacterial CNS Infections of the Brain”, 11–13/10/2018,
                                                                               Munich, Germany
                                                                             • Publication of the systematic review “Diagnostic value of cer-
                                                                               ebrospinal fluid CXCL13 for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. A sys-
                                                                               tematic review and meta-analysis”, Rupprecht et al., CMI, 2018

Figure legend: Mode of action of T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4                                                                                     Figure legend: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infecting A549 cells (by Roger   Figure legend: Methods to identify microorganisms from positive blood
(CTLA-4)-targeted agents. Ipilimumab and tremelimumab are monoclo-                                                                                     Dumke)                                                                cultures or blood (Peker et al., CMI, 2018)
nal antibodies that bind CTLA-4, thus preventing engagement by agonist       • Publication of the review “Antimicrobial consumption and impact
ligands like B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), and blocking its inhibitory ef-
fect on T-cell priming (from Redelman-Sidi et al, 2018, part of the ESGICH     of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in long-term care fa-           • New name, new scope: to study and understand the clinical           • Publication of the commentary “Diagnostic stewardship: are we
Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies)         cilities”, Falcone et al., CMI, 2018                                      presentation, and the epidemiology (including development of          using the right term?”, Dyar et al., CMI, 2018
                                                                             • Organisation of the postgraduate course “Infection in Older Popu-         antimicrobial resistance) of Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chla-          • Organisation of the 3rd course on “Principles of Molecular Micro-
                                                                               lations: The next Challenges”, 12–14/09/2018, Grenoble, France            mydia and Chlamydophila infections in humans as well as to            biological Diagnostics”, 17–19/01/2018, Maastricht, Netherlands
• Publication of the “ESGICH consensus document on the safety of             • Support to the publication “Serum albumin is a strong predictor           improve diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention                • Prof. John Rossen, ESGMD chair, represented ESCMID at ”LMCE
  targeted and biologic therapies: an infectious diseases perspec-             of sepsis outcome in elderly patients”, Arnau-Barrés et al, CMI,        • Co-organisation of a symposium on antimicrobial Resistance            2018 & 59th KSLM Annual Meeting”, where he gave the talk
  tive”, CMI, 2018                                                             2018                                                                      at the “International Organization for Mycoplasmalogy meeting         “Next generation sequencing in routine clinical microbiology”,
• Organisation of the conference “Antimicrobial Therapy in Immu-                                                                                         (IOM)”, 9–12/07/2018, Portsmouth, USA                                 1–3/11/2018, Seoul, South Korea
  nocompromised and Critically Ill Patients: Management and Per-                                                                                       • Allocation of four student awards to ESGMAC members present-
  spectives”, 4–5/10/2018, Lugano, Switzerland                                                                                                           ing posters at the IOM meeting
• Participation at the “20th Symposium on Infections in the Immu-
  nocompromised Host”, 17/06/2018, Athens, Greece

14   YEARBOOK 2018/2019        SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                        YEARBOOK 2018/2019     SCIENCE   15
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Yearbook 2018/19 - www.escmid.org
Figure legend: Coloured scanning electron micrograph of a staphylococ-       Figure legend: HCV cascade of care
                                                                                                                                                cal biofilm observed at Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Lyon,
• Publication of the perspective article “Insights on Mycobacte-     • Publication of the research article “Variability in contact precau-      France. Free Staphylococcus aureus (blue) or embedded in biofilm (red);      • Publication of the review “Hepatitis C elimination among people
  rium leprae Efflux Pumps and Their Implications in Drug Resist-      tions to control the nosocomial spread of multi-drug resistant           polystyrene matrix (green); coloration by Margot Zussy.                        who inject drugs: Challenges and recommendations for action
  ance and Virulence”, Machado et al., Front. Microbiol., 2018         organisms in the endemic setting: a multinational cross-section-                                                                                        within a health systems framework”, Day et al., Liver Int, Epub
• Organisation of the post graduate educational course “Manage-        al survey”, Vuichard Gysin et al., Antimicrobial Resistance and          • Publication of the article “European external quality assess-                2018
  ment of mycobacterial infections and associated comorbidities”,      Infection Control, 2018                                                    ments for identification, molecular typing and characterization            • Collaboration with the “Hepatitis C antiviral therapy failure Reg-
  27–28/09/2018, Rome, Italy                                         • Publication of the book “Clinically Relevant Mycoses. A Practical          of Staphylococcus aureus”, Deplano et al., J Antimicrob Chem-                istry (HepCaRe)” organised by the European Society for Transla-
• Participation in the 3rd EUCAST-ESGMYC Subcommittee meeting          Approach”, Springer, 2018                                                  other, 2018                                                                  tional Antiviral Research (ESAR). This European database is set
  on antimycobacterial susceptibility testing, 21/04/2018, Madrid,   • Member of the Scientific Committee of the “International Confer-         • Co-organisation of the “18th International Symposium on Staph-               up to systematically collect data on anti-HCV therapy failure
  Spain                                                                ence on One Health Antimicrobial Resistance (ICOHAR)” to be                ylococci and Staphylococcal Infections”, 23–26/08/2018,                    • Co-organisation of the “Workshop on Migrants’ Health”,
                                                                       held in April 2019, Utrecht, Netherlands                                   Copenhagen                                                                   8 –10/03/2018, Muscat, Oman
                                                                                                                                                • Preparation of literature review for the joint IDSA-ESCMID pro-
                                                                                                                                                  ject “Practice Guideline on the Management of S. aureus Blood-
                                                                                                                                                  stream Infection”

                                                                     Figure legend: Influenza A virus detected by immunofluorescence in Shell   Figure legend: The mutant selective window (MSW) delimitates the range
                                                                     vial after 24 hours growth                                                 of antimicrobial concentrations selecting for the resistant mutants, which
• At their first assembly at ECCMID 2018, members elected the                                                                                   range from the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) to the MIC of the       • Publication of the review “Vaccination of 50+ adults to promote
  ESGPHM Executive Committee: Titia Kortbeek (Netherlands):          • At their first assembly at ECCMID 2018, members elected the              initial bacterial population (modified from Guardabassi et al., 2018)          healthy ageing in Europe: The way forward”, Esposito et al., Vac-
  chair; Androulla Efstratiou (United Kingdom): co-chair; Georgina     ESGREV Executive Committee: Dr Chrysanthi Skevaki (Germa-                                                                                               cine, 2018
  Tzanakaki (Greece): scientific secretary; Silvia Herrera Leon        ny): chair; Prof. Sotirios Tsiodras (Greece): secretary; Dr Stefan       • Publication of the book chapter “Optimization of Antimicrobial             • Co-organisation of the consensus conference on pertussis re-
  (Spain): treasurer; additional members: Andreas Sing (Germany),      Paul Kuster (Switzerland): treasurer; additional members:                  Treatment to Minimize Resistance Selection”, Guardabassi et al.,             surgence, 22/06/2018, Perugia, Italy
  Steven Vangucht (Belgium), Rune Stensvold (Denmark)                  Prof. Barbara Rath (Germany), Kate Templeton (United Kingdom)              Microbiol Spectrum, 2018                                                   • Organisation of the course “Adult Immunization: New and Old
• The first ESGPHM newsletter was sent to the members in Novem-      • Preparation of the Study Group bylaws and promotion of the               • Collaboration with VetCAST for the organisation of the workshop              Challenges”, 16–17/03/2018, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  ber 2018                                                             ESGREV membership (27 members by the end of the year)                      “Determination of clinical breakpoints”, 22/06/2018, Wroclaw,
• ESGPHM is member of the scientific committee of the 12th Inter-    • Co-organisation of three sessions at ECCMID 2019                           Poland
  national Meeting on Microbial Epidemiological Markers (IMMEM                                                                                  • Organisation of the course “Challenges in Veterinary Hospital
  XII) to be held on 18–21/09/2019, Dubrovnik, Croatia                                                                                            Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship”, 04/04/2018,
                                                                                                                                                  Birmingham, United Kingdom

16   YEARBOOK 2018/2019    SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                            YEARBOOK 2018/2019    SCIENCE   17
18   YEARBOOK 2018/2019   ECCMID   YEARBOOK 2018/2019   ECCMID   19
European Committee on Antimicrobial                                                                                                         Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee (AFST)
                                                                                                                                            AFST continued with their work on breakpoints and methods for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Subcommittee on antimycobacterial agents (AMST)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The Subcommittee on antimycobacterial agents was formed with
Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) in 2018 – 2019                                                                                              antifungal agents. The AFST General Subcommittee met once on
                                                                                                                                            22 April, Madrid, Spain, during ECCMID 2018. The Steering Subcom-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    the aim of examining methods of susceptibility testing of Myco-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    bacterium tuberculosis, and ascertaining whether a reference
www.eucast.org                                                                                                                              mittee met on the following dates: January 18 – 19, Prague, Czech       method could be established, which would allow the development
                                                                                                                                            Republic; 21 April, Madrid, Spain; and October 8 – 9, Milan, Italy.     and setting of breakpoints for antitubercular agents. It is chaired
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    by Emmanuelle Cambau, France and Thomas Schön, Sweden is the
                                                                                                                                            During the contract period:                                             Scientific Secretary.
                   “In 2019, the definition of the susceptibility testing                                                                   • The voriconazole rationale document was updated and published         		 Significant progress has been made in multi-lab pilot testing
                                                                                                                                              on the website.                                                       of a reference method.
                   interpretive category “I” was changed to a                                                                               • A screening method for azole resistance in Aspergillus fumi-          		 The Subcommittee met once face-to-face in April 2018, in Ma-
                   single meaning: “Susceptible, Increased exposure”,                                                                         gatus (E.Def 10.1) was developed and published in Clinical            drid, Spain, during ECCMID.
                                                                                                                                              Microbiology and Infection and a link provided on the EUCAST
                   implying adequate response to treatment                                                                                    website.                                                              Subcommittee on wild type MIC distributions and epidemiological
                   when the antimicrobial dosing regimen is adjusted                                                                                                                                                cut-off values (ECOFFs)
                                                                                                                                            AFST undertook the following activities during the report period:       The subcommittee, chaired by Gunnar Kahlmeter, Sweden, was es-
                   to increase pathogen exposure.”                                                                                          • Examination of different plastic plates types and brands used for     tablished early 2016, with the remit to define:
                                                                                                                                              broth microdilution susceptibility testing (potential for drug ad-    • Standards for MIC distributions required for ECOFF calculation,
                   Christian Giske                                                                                                            herence).                                                             • Methods used to set ECOFFs and
                   EUCAST Chairman                                                                                                          • Conduction of a multi-centre MIC data study for epidemiological       • Conditions for revision of ECOFFs
                   christian.giske@escmid.org                                                                                                 cut-off values (ECOFF) setting.
                                                                                                                                            • Work on alternative methods for echinocandin testing.                 The subcommittee finalised a proposal on how to accept MIC dis-
                                                                                                                                            • Determination of in vitro PK-PD breakpoints for azoles and            tributions (www.eucast.org/mic_distributions_and_ecoffs), and on
EUCAST provides breakpoints and antimicrobial susceptibility test-      (Germany), Christoffer Lindemann (Norway), and Johan Mouton           Candida non-albicans spp.                                             how to define tentative ECOFFs and ECOFFs (SOP 10,0). The MIC
ing methods on a global scale. ESCMID is the administrative, finan-     (Netherlands).                                                                                                                              distribution website is continuously updated as data and ECOFFs
cial and scientific framework for EUCAST. ESCMID (www.escmid.org),                                                                          Veterinary Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing         are revised according to the new procedures.
the ESCMID Förderverein (www.escmid-fv.org) and the Europe-             EUCAST General Committee                                            (VetCAST)
an Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC; www.ecdc.           The annual open meeting for national representatives on the Gen-    The VetCAST General Subcommittee met once in April, during              Subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing by whole
europa.eu) supported EUCAST financially in 2018. ESCMID also            eral Committee was held during ECCMID 2018, Madrid, Spain, where    ECCMID 2018, and once during the report period at Schiphol Airport,     genome sequencing (WGS)
supports the development of the EUCAST disk diffusion method,           the preceding year’s activities and future plans were reviewed.     Amsterdam, Netherlands, 26 March, 2018. VetCAST has undertaken          Following the successful first edition of the role of WGS in suscep-
and the EUCAST microdilution methods for fungi.                         The General Committee representatives of the Steering Committee     the following activities during the report period:                      tibility testing, a review has commenced considering that this is a
                                                                        were Cidalia Pina Vaz, Portugal and Efi Petinaki, Greece.           • Collection of MIC distribution and pharmacokinetic-pharmacody-        rapidly evolving field.
EUCAST Steering Committee                                                                                                                     namic data for the initial stages of breakpoint setting, starting
The Steering Committee met five times during 2018 and dealt with        National AST Committees (NACs)                                        with tetracyclines.                                                   EUCAST network laboratories
many aspects of breakpoints and antimicrobial susceptibility test-      NACs provide national input on all aspects of EUCAST, promote       • Nearing completion of breakpoints and a rationale document for        EUCAST Network Laboratories are committed to help develop, vali-
ing. “Visiting” General Committee members, European Medicines           national strategies for susceptibility testing and help implement     florfenicol.                                                          date and troubleshoot EUCAST AST/AFST methods and/or to help
Agency (EMA) representatives and/or ECDC representatives at-            EUCAST breakpoints and methods.                                     • Release of a document describing the remit and activities of          train and educate other laboratories in EUCAST methods. They
tended several meetings. Groups from three pharmaceutical com-          		 Nearly all European countries have established NACs. Fur-          VetCAST on the EUCAST website.                                        also play an important role in improving methods and/or assisting
panies gave presentations to the committee, all providing data on       ther efforts to recruit the remaining EU/EEC member countries are   • Release of “VetCAST Guidance on how to collect and handle             clinical breakpoint development by providing species-specific MIC
a new agent.                                                            ongoing. Interest in EUCAST in countries outside the European Un-     PK data”.                                                             datasets. These labs have specific expertise and training in EUCAST
		 The composition of the 2018 Steering Committee was as fol-           ion continues to increase. Several countries are currently in the                                                                           Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) for bacteria and EUCAST
lows: Christian Giske, Chairman, John Turnidge, Scientific Secretary,   process of developing NACs with the European Union and beyond.      In 2018, the first Chair of VetCAST, Dik Mevius, Netherlands, stepped   Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) methods.
Rafael Cantón, Clinical Data Coordinator, and Gunnar Kahlmeter, Tech-   The Chinese NAC (ChiCAST) held a EUCAST-focused meeting at          down and was replaced by Peter Damborg, Denmark. In turn, Peter         		 The work on developing the structure of “EUCAST Network Lab-
nical Data Coordinator. Regular Steering Committee members were         ECCMID 2018.                                                        Damborg was replaced as Scientific Secretary by Gudrun Overesch,        oratories” continued in 2018. Currently, 14 bacterial and 11 mycol-
Alasdair MacGowan (UK), Gerard Lina (France), Sören Gatermann                                                                               Switzerland.                                                            ogy laboratories have joined the network.

Steering Committee, April 2018                                          Steering Committee Chair, Christian Giske                           The Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee, April 2018          The Subcommittee on antimycobacterial agents, April 2018

20   YEARBOOK 2018/2019      SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                YEARBOOK 2018/2019         SCIENCE   21
For more information and for laboratories interested in participating,   without recommendations. Quality controls (QC) ranges are estab-
please visit “The EUCAST AST Network Laboratories” on the EUCAST         lished for new agents and organisms and older QC ranges may be
website.                                                                 revised if required. EUCAST is working with the Clinical and Labora-
                                                                         tory Standards Institute (CLSI) to harmonise procedures for select-
EUCAST breakpoints                                                       ing disk potencies used for disk diffusion testing. A joint EUCAST/
Version 9.0 of the MIC and zone diameter breakpoint tables for bac-      CLSI working group has been established.
teria and QC tables were published on the EUCAST website in Janu-
ary 2019.                                                                EUCAST website
		 Breakpoints for new agents are set by EUCAST as part of the           The EUCAST website (www.eucast.org) is continuously updated. All
marketing authorisation process by the European Medicines Agen-          significant changes are highlighted in the “News” section and a
cy (EMA). In the past year, breakpoints were proposed for eravacy-       list of all changes is available via the “Website changes” link below     120,000                                                                                                                           Figure 1.
cline, delafloxacin and meropenem-vaborbactam. The breakpoints           the contents list. Documents updated in 2018 include: breakpoint                                                                                                                                            Unique pageviews for
for several other new agents are being evaluated.                        tables, QC tables, standard operating procedures (SOPs), files list-                                                                                                                                        eucast.org 2016 – 2018
                                                                                                                                                   100,000
		 Breakpoints for oral amoxicillin for Haemophilus influenzae           ing calibration and validation of disk diffusion testing vs. MIC, read-                                                                                                                                          2018
and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as breakpoints for carbap-         ing guides and method descriptions, frequently asked questions                                                                                                                                                   2017
enems and tigecycline were revised.                                      (FAQs), compliance of manufacturers and validation documents              80,000                                                                                                                                 2016
		 In January 2019 EUCAST introduced a revised susceptibility            for MIC and inhibition zone diameter correlations.
categorisation, emphasising the relationship between breakpoints         		 Figure 1 provides an overview of the unique page visits to the          60,000
and exposure of the microorganism:                                       EUCAST website, indicating a steady increase over the years.
S) Susceptible, standard dosing regimen
                                                                                                                                                   40,000
I) Susceptible – Increased exposure                                      EUCAST consultations
R) Resistant                                                             Many of the EUCAST documents on the website were updated in
                                                                         2018 and this is an ongoing process. Rationale documents, giv-             20,000
This was accompanied by the introduction of the concept of Area          ing background data and providing the rationale for EUCAST break-
of Technical Uncertainty (ATU) for antimicrobial-organism combi-         points, continue to be developed. EUCAST Expert Rules are being                 0
nations that have a small region of uncertainty in categorisation,       updated by the Steering Committee.

                                                                                                                                                             January

                                                                                                                                                                       February

                                                                                                                                                                                  March

                                                                                                                                                                                          April

                                                                                                                                                                                                  May

                                                                                                                                                                                                           June

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    July

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              August

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         September

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     October

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               November

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          December
requiring the testing laboratory to take further action. Detailed in-    		 A summary of consultations can be found at www.eucast.org/
formation about the changes and their consequences is available          documents/consultations. All EUCAST documents are freely avail-
at www.eucast.org/newsiandr.                                             able on the EUCAST website.

EUCAST disk diffusion method                                             2018 publications
The EUCAST Development Laboratory (Växjö, Sweden), in collabora-         EUCAST published or contributed to 6 publications in 2018 (Table 1).
tion with EUCAST Network Laboratories, develops EUCAST suscepti-         The most important publications include one on the problems of
bility testing methods, including disk diffusion methods and zone        testing colistin, and one on patient safety issues arising from the
diameter breakpoints for new agents and for organisms currently          lack of standardised codes for antimicrobials disks.                      MIC-based dose adjustment: facts and fables.                                   International request to standardise antimicrobial disk codes
                                                                                                                                                   Mouton JW, Muller EA, Canton R, Giske CG, Kahlmeter G, Turnidge JJ             for patient safety and a method for creating new codes
                                                                                                                                                   Antimicrobial Chemother 2018, 3;564–568,                                       A plea from EUCAST for standardization of disc susceptibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  testing antimicrobial codes.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Turnidge J, Lina G, Giske C; European Committee on Antimicrobial
                                                                                                                                                   Development of EUCAST zone diameter breakpoints and quality                    Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Steering Committee. Clin Microbiol
                                                                                                                                                   control criteria for ceftazidime-avibactam 10-4 μg.                            Infect. 2018 pii: S1198-743X(18)30579-2
                                                                                                                                                   Koeth LM, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G, Stone G. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect
                                                                                                                                                   Dis. 2018;37(6):1047–1053
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Detailed description of the EUCAST AFST-developed method for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  screening for azole resistance in A. fumigatus
                                                                                                                                                   Evaluation of antimicrobial disk quality from nine manufacturers               How to: EUCAST recommendations on the screening procedure
                                                                                                                                                   The quality of antimicrobial discs from nine manufacturers-EUCAST              E.Def 10.1 for the detection of azole resistance in Aspergillus
                                                                                                                                                   evaluations in 2014 and 2017.                                                  fumigatus isolates using four well azole-containing agar plates.
                                                                                                                                                   Åhman J, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018:                Guinea J, Verweij PE, Meletiadis et al. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 pii:
                                                                                                                                                   S1198-743X(18)30456–7                                                          S1198-743X(18)30630-X

                                                                                                                                                   Evaluation of colistin susceptibility testing                                  Colistin antimicrobial susceptibility testing-can the slow and
                                                                                                                                                   Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of colistin – evaluation of seven         challenging be replaced by the rapid and convenient?
                                                                                                                                                   commercial MIC products against standard broth microdilution for               Giske CG, Kahlmeter G. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 pii: S1198-
                                                                                                                                                   Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,               743X(17)30569-4
                                                                                                                                                   and Acinetobacter spp.
                                                                                                                                                   Matuschek E, Åhman J, Webster C, Kahlmeter G. Clin Microbiol Infect.
                                                                                                                                                   2018;24(8):865–870

The VetCAST Subcommittee and meeting attendees, April 2017                                                                                         Table 1. 2018 publications

22   YEARBOOK 2018/2019      SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      YEARBOOK 2018/2019      SCIENCE     23
European Committee on Infection Control (EUCIC)                                                                                                                                            Overview of the EUCIC modules
Infection prevention & control: an ESCMID priority!
www.escmid.org/eucic                                                                                                                                                         2018                                                                   2019
                                                                                                                                                                                                               JANUARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Freiburg, Germany: Dynamics of disease transmission:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           from genomes to infection control

                                                       “In infection control the collaboration among                                                                                                          FEBRUARY
                                                                                                                                              Groningen, Netherlands: EUCIC basic module                                   Bucharest, Romania: Biofilm-driven infections research
                                                       stakeholders and countries and effective                                                                                                                            and clinical relevance
                                                       education are essential for success. EUCIC is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                MA R C H
                                                       proudly contributing to the education of a                                                                                                                          Ljubljana, Slovenia: Antimicrobial stewardship
                                                       new generation of infection control specialists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                APRIL
                                                       with global knowledge and expertise.”                                                  Loures, Portugal: Practical infection control skills                         Heraklion, Greece: Implementation of surveillance

                                                       Evelina Tacconelli, EUCIC Chair                                                                                                                           MAY
                                                       evelina.tacconelli@escmid.org                                                                                                                                       Bergamo, Italy: Development and implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Geneva, Switzerland: Science of implementation
                                                       Nico T. Mutters, EUCIC Scientific Coordinator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           in infection control
                                                       nico.mutters@uniklinik-freiburg.de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Athens, Greece: Microbiological diagnostic skills
                                                       Alex W. Friedrich, EUCIC Clinical Coordinator
                                                       alex.friedrich@escmid.org                                                                                                                                JUNE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Zagreb, Croatia: Antimicrobial therapy and stewardship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Nicosia, Cyprus: Surveillance and meta-competence
EUCIC guidelines                                                      research_projects/eucic/training_programme) and come and visit
The first EUCIC guidelines has been published in January 2019!        the ESCMID booth at ECCMID 2019.                                                                                                          J U LY
These evidence-based guidelines were produced after a system-                                                                                 Paris, France: Surveillance and early warning systems of
atic review of published studies on decolonization interventions      EUCIC and UEMS                                                          healthcare-associated infections
targeting multidrug-resistant Gram negatives including carbapen-      The Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes (UEMS) council
em-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Acine-       approved the implementation of a multidisciplinary joint commit-                                                                        SEPTEMBER
tobacter baumannii. The recommendations are grouped by species        tee on infection control (MJC IC), on the initiative of EUCIC, UEMS     Nicosia, Cyprus: Surveillance and meta-competence                            Vienna, Austria: Technical hygiene
and include faecal microbiota transplantation. Four types of out-     infectious diseases (ID) and UEMS medical microbiology (MM).
comes were evaluated for each bacteria:                               The UEMS President, Prof. Romuald Krajewski, asked MJC IC to                                                                             OCTOBER
a) microbiological outcomes (carriage and eradication rates)          collaborate with all specialties represented in UEMS, in the prepa-     Porto, Portugal: Antimicrobial therapy and stewardship
b) clinical outcomes (attributable and all-cause mortality and        ration of their core competencies, in order to incorporate principles   Utrecht, Netherlands: Epidemiology and data analysis in
   infection incidence)                                               of infection control in their curriculum. Since full implementation     infection control
c) epidemiological outcomes (acquisition incidence, transmission      of infection control measures can only be accomplished with a
   and outbreaks)                                                     multidisciplinary work, invitations were sent out to all UEMS sec-                                                                      NOVEMBER
d) adverse events (including resistance development).                 tions. The scope of MJC IC is education of European Medical Special-    Matosinhos, Portugal: Implementation science and                             Cologne, Germany: Advanced training for infection control/
                                                                      ties. Their own core curricula should incorporate infection control     management                                                                   hospital hygiene and targeted prevention measures
The level of evidence for and strength of each recommendation         standards. Objectives of the MJC IC:
were defined according to the GRADE approach. Guidelines are free-    • To contribute to the definition of European standards of medical                                                                      DECEMBER
ly available on ESCMID and CMI websites.                                 education and training in infection control.                         Madrid, Spain: Meta-competence and European competence
                                                                      • To make European Infection Control core competencies available
EUCIC training                                                           as a cornerstone to harmonize infection prevention and control
We are pleased to announce that the European Committee on In-            training and education in Europe.
fection Control (EUCIC) has made some substantial progress over       • Ensure that part of the curriculum and European training re-               Advanced & basic module
the past year. The 2-year EUCIC Infection Prevention and Control         quirements pertaining to IC in both ID and MM specialties are             Local module
Certificate – European Training Programme has been launched and          structured in a similar way.
has now successfully completed its first year. A total of 36 train-   • To set up a European Certificate in Infection Control for medical
ees from 15 countries were enrolled. As part of the programme, the       specialists, in collaboration with EUCIC, ECDC, and other relevant
European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) successfully contrib-         stakeholders.
uted to the surveillance module held in Paris and the outbreak
module held in Utrecht in 2018, which strengthened the collabora-     Composition of the MJC IC Board: President: Nicola Petrosillo, Italy
tion between EUCIC and ECDC. The figure showing the distribution      (ID); Vice-president: Maeve Doyle, Ireland (MM); Secretary: Davor-
of modules around Europe and their timeline can be found on the       ka Dušek, Croatia (ID); Treasurer: Breida Boyle, Ireland (MM).
following pages. We are planning to launch a second semester of
trainees completing the programme in 2020/21. For more infor-         EUCIC and WHO
mation, please consult the dedicated website (www.escmid.org/         The Global Infection Prevention and Control Network (GIPCN) of the                                                 EUCIC meeting 2018

24   YEARBOOK 2018/2019     SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                    YEARBOOK 2018/2019      SCIENCE   25
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