Facebook Q4 2018 Results - investor.fb.com
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Facebook Q4 2018 Results
investor.fb.com
Daily Active Users (DAUs)
In Millions
Rest of World
Asia-Pacific
Europe
US & Canada
DAUs / MAUs
Q4'16 Q1'17 Q2'17 Q3'17 Q4'17 Q1'18 Q2'18 Q3'18 Q4'18
66% 66% 66% 66% 66% 66% 66% 66% 66%
Please see Facebook's most recent quarterly or annual report filed with the SEC for definitions of user activity used to determine the number of our DAUs and MAUs. The
numbers for DAUs and MAUs do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus users unless they would otherwise qualify as such users, respectively, based on their other
activities on Facebook.
Beginning in Q3 2018, our DAU metrics reflect an update to our calculation methodology to exclude certain data signals that were previously misclassified as user account activity.
This update resulted in the removal of a small percentage of accounts for Q3 2018. Excluding this update, DAUs in Q3 2018 would have been: Worldwide: 1,510 million; Rest of
World: 474 million; Asia-Pacific: 567 million; Europe: 284 million; and US & Canada: 186 million. Periods prior to Q3 2018 have not been adjusted to reflect this updated
methodology because the change was immaterial.
2
Monthly Active Users (MAUs)
In Millions
Rest of World
Asia-Pacific
Europe
US & Canada
Please see Facebook's most recent quarterly or annual report filed with the SEC for definitions of user activity used to determine the number of our DAUs and MAUs. The numbers
for DAUs and MAUs do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus users unless they would otherwise qualify as such users, respectively, based on their other activities on
Facebook.
Beginning in Q3 2018, our MAU metrics reflect an update to our calculation methodology to exclude certain data signals that were previously misclassified as user account activity.
This update resulted in the removal of a small percentage of accounts for Q3 2018. Excluding this update, MAUs in Q3 2018 would have been: Worldwide: 2,280 million; Rest of
World: 738 million; Asia-Pacific: 921 million; Europe: 377 million; and US & Canada: 242 million. Periods prior to Q3 2018 have not been adjusted to reflect this updated
methodology because the change was immaterial.
3
Revenue
In Millions
Payments and Other Fees
Advertising
4
Revenue by User Geography
In Millions
Rest of World
Asia-Pacific
Europe
US & Canada
Revenue by user geography is geographically apportioned based on our estimation of the geographic location of our users when they perform a revenue-
generating activity. This allocation differs from our revenue disaggregated by geography disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements
where revenue is disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of our customer.
5
Advertising Revenue by User Geography
In Millions
Rest of World
Asia-Pacific
Europe
US & Canada
Revenue by user geography is geographically apportioned based on our estimation of the geographic location of our users when they perform a revenue-
generating activity. This allocation differs from our revenue disaggregated by geography disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements
where revenue is disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of our customer.
6
Payments & Other Fees Revenue by User Geography
In Millions
Rest of World
Asia-Pacific
Europe
US & Canada
Revenue by user geography is geographically apportioned based on our estimation of the geographic location of our users when they perform a revenue-
generating activity. This allocation differs from our revenue disaggregated by geography disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements
where revenue is disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of our customer.
7
Average Revenue per User (ARPU)
Payments and Other Fees Worldwide US & Canada
Advertising
Europe Asia-Pacific Rest of World
Revenue by user geography is geographically apportioned based on our estimation of the geographic location of our users when they perform a
revenue-generating activity. This allocation differs from our revenue disaggregated by geography disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial
statements where revenue is disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of our customer. Please see Facebook's most recent quarterly or
annual report filed with the SEC for the definition of ARPU.
8
Expenses as a % of Revenue
General & Administrative
Marketing & Sales
Research & Development
Cost of Revenue
9Income from Operations
In Millions
10Operating Margin
11Effective Tax Rate
($ in millions) Q4'16 Q1'17 Q2'17 Q3'17 Q4'17 Q1'18 Q2'18 Q3'18 Q4'18
Income before provision for income taxes $ 4,533 $ 3,408 $ 4,488 $ 5,236 $ 7,462 $ 5,610 $ 5,868 $ 5,912 $ 7,971
Provision for income taxes 965 344 594 529 3,194 622 762 775 1,089
Effective Tax Rate 21% 10% 13% 10% 43% 11% 13% 13% 14%
In December 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted and significantly impacted the U.S. tax law. As a result of this legislation,
our fourth quarter and full year 2017 provision for income taxes increased by $2.27 billion, which impacted our effective tax rate, net income and diluted
earnings per share (EPS) for such periods. Our diluted EPS decreased by $0.77 for both the fourth quarter and full year 2017. As a result of the Tax Act,
starting in 2018, the U.S. statutory tax rate decreased from 35% to 21%.
12Net Income
In Millions
In December 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted and significantly impacted the U.S. tax law. As a result of this legislation,
our fourth quarter and full year 2017 provision for income taxes increased by $2.27 billion, which impacted our effective tax rate, net income and diluted
earnings per share (EPS) for such periods. Our diluted EPS decreased by $0.77 for both the fourth quarter and full year 2017. As a result of the Act,
starting in 2018, the U.S. statutory tax rate decreased from 35% to 21%.
13Diluted Earnings Per Share
In December 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted and significantly impacted the U.S. tax law. As a result of this legislation,
our fourth quarter and full year 2017 provision for income taxes increased by $2.27 billion, which impacted our effective tax rate, net income and diluted
earnings per share (EPS) for such periods. Our diluted EPS decreased by $0.77 for both the fourth quarter and full year 2017. As a result of the Act,
starting in 2018, the U.S. statutory tax rate decreased from 35% to 21%.
14Capital Investments
In Millions
Quarterly Annual
Capital investments for periods presented were related to net purchases of property and equipment.
15Appendix
Free Cash Flow Reconciliation
($ in millions) Q4'16 Q1'17 Q2'17 Q3'17 Q4'17 Q1'18 Q2'18 Q3'18 Q4'18
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 4,930 $ 5,058 $ 5,360 $ 6,128 $ 7,670 $ 7,860 $ 6,299 $ 7,496 $ 7,684
Less: Purchases of property and equipment, net 1,269 1,271 1,444 1,755 2,262 2,812 3,459 3,343 4,366
Free Cash Flow $ 3,661 $ 3,787 $ 3,916 $ 4,373 $ 5,408 $ 5,048 $ 2,840 $ 4,153 $ 3,318
Free Cash Flow (FCF) is a non-GAAP financial measure that has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a
substitute for analysis of other GAAP financial measures, such as net cash provided by operating activities. Some of the limitations of FCF are: (i) FCF
does not reflect our future contractual commitments, and (ii) other companies in our industry present similarly titled measures differently than we do,
limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. FCF is not intended to represent our residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures.
17Limitations of Key Metrics and Other Data
The numbers for our key metrics, which include our daily active users (DAUs), monthly active users (MAUs), and average revenue per user (ARPU), are calculated using internal company
data based on the activity of user accounts. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement,
there are inherent challenges in measuring usage of our products across large online and mobile populations around the world. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our
estimates of our user base, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology.
We regularly evaluate these metrics to estimate the number of "duplicate" and "false" accounts among our MAUs. A duplicate account is one that a user maintains in addition to his or her
principal account. We divide "false" accounts into two categories: (1) user-misclassified accounts, where users have created personal profiles for a business, organization, or non-human
entity such as a pet (such entities are permitted on Facebook using a Page rather than a personal profile under our terms of service); and (2) undesirable accounts, which represent user
profiles that we determine are intended to be used for purposes that violate our terms of service, such as spamming. The estimates of duplicate and false accounts are based on an internal
review of a limited sample of accounts, and we apply significant judgment in making this determination. For example, to identify duplicate accounts we use data signals such as similar IP
addresses or user names, and to identify false accounts we look for names that appear to be fake or other behavior that appears inauthentic to the reviewers. Our estimates may change
as our methodologies evolve, including through the application of new data signals or technologies, which may allow us to identify previously undetected duplicate or false accounts and
may improve our ability to evaluate a broader population of our users. Duplicate and false accounts are very difficult to measure at our scale, and it is possible that the actual number of
duplicate and false accounts may vary significantly from our estimates.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, we estimate that duplicate accounts may have represented approximately 11% of our worldwide MAUs. We believe the percentage of duplicate accounts is
meaningfully higher in developing markets such as the Philippines and Vietnam, as compared to more developed markets. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we estimate that false accounts
may have represented approximately 5% of our worldwide MAUs. Our estimation of false accounts can vary as a result of episodic spikes in the creation of such accounts, which we have
seen originate more frequently in specific countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. From time to time, we may make product changes or take other actions to reduce the number of
duplicate or false accounts among our users, which may also reduce our DAU and MAU estimates in a particular period.
Our data limitations may affect our understanding of certain details of our business. For example, while user-provided data indicates a decline in usage among younger users, this age data
is unreliable because a disproportionate number of our younger users register with an inaccurate age. Accordingly, our understanding of usage by age group may not be complete.
In addition, our data regarding the geographic location of our users is estimated based on a number of factors, such as the user's IP address and self-disclosed location. These factors may
not always accurately reflect the user's actual location. For example, a user may appear to be accessing Facebook from the location of the proxy server that the user connects to rather
than from the user's actual location. The methodologies used to measure user metrics may also be susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. Our estimates for revenue by user
location and revenue by user device are also affected by these factors.
We regularly review our processes for calculating these metrics, and from time to time we may discover inaccuracies in our metrics or make adjustments to improve their accuracy, including
adjustments that may result in the recalculation of our historical metrics. We believe that any such inaccuracies or adjustments are immaterial unless otherwise stated. We intend to disclose
our estimates of the number of duplicate and false accounts among our MAUs on an annual basis. In addition, our DAU and MAU estimates will differ from estimates published by third
parties due to differences in methodology.
The numbers of DAUs and MAUs discussed in this presentation, as well as ARPU, do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus users unless they would otherwise qualify as such users,
respectively, based on their other activities on Facebook.
In addition, other user engagement metrics included herein do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus unless otherwise specifically stated.
18Facebook Q4 2018 Results
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