HE WAKA EKE NOA TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE, TOGETHER - NEW ZEALAND'S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs 2019 - Ministry of Foreign ...
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HE WAKA EKE NOA TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE, TOGETHER NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
CONTENTS
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PAGE 03 GLOSSARY
PAGE 04 FOREWORD
PAGE 06 NEW ZEALAND’S APPROACH
TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
PAGE 10 LIVING STANDARDS FRAMEWORK AND
INDICATORS AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND
PAGE 14 NEW ZEALAND’S INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
PAGE 18 SDG 1 PAGE 72 SDG 10
NO POVERTY REDUCE INEQUALITIES
PAGE 24 SDG 2 PAGE 78 SDG 11
ZERO HUNGER SUSTAINABLE CITIES
AND COMMUNITIES
PAGE 30 SDG 3 PAGE 84 SDG 12
GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION
AND PRODUCTION
PAGE 36 SDG 4 PAGE 90 SDG 13
QUALITY EDUCATION CLIMATE ACTION
PAGE 42 SDG 5 PAGE 96 SDG 14
Cover image: Zena Elliott, born 1964, New Zealand. GENDER EQUALITY LIFE BELOW WATER
Māori tribal affiliations: Ngāti Awa, Te Whānau-ā-Apanui, Ngāi Te Rangi, Te Arawa.
Urungi 2014. PAGE 48 SDG 6 PAGE 102 SDG 15
Acrylic and spray paint on marine ply. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION LIFE ON LAND
Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade.
Courtesy of the artist and Milford Galleries, Dunedin; Photography Glenn Frei.
PAGE 54 SDG 7 PAGE 108 SDG 16
In 2013 Zena Elliott held an exhibition entitled ‘Glokool’ – a name she coined from two words, AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN PEACE, JUSTICE AND
ENERGY STRONG INSTITUTIONS
‘global’ and ‘local’. Her art is all about the melding of cultures in New Zealand today – Māori and
Pākehā, local and global – while retaining an individual voice. She celebrates her many influences in PAGE 60 SDG 8 PAGE 114 SDG 17
her vibrant, richly-patterned paintings. DECENT WORK AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH THE GOALS
Elliott’s work draws on both popular culture and fine art: the imagery of computer graphics, video
gaming, and street art, as well as that of abstract painting and customary Māori art. In Urungi (the PAGE 66 SDG 9
title alludes to navigation), she includes the frond-like koru – a form found in Māori carving and a INDUSTRY, INNOVATION
symbol of growth, strength and peace. AND INFRASTRUCTURE
1
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
GLOSSARY
- KAUA Hapū – Sub-tribe
He waka eke noa – We are all in this together
Tangata whenua – People of the land, local
people
Taonga – Treasure
TETAHI- E
Hui – Meeting
Te ao Māori – The Māori world
Iwi – Tribe
Te Tiriti o Waitangi – The Treaty of Waitangi
Kaitiaki – Caretaker (also means trustee in a
trust sense) UNEP – United Nations Environment
Programme
Kaitiakitanga – Stewardship
Waka – Canoe
Kaua tētahi e whakarērea – Leave no one
behind Wāhine – Women
WHAKAREREA
Kaupapa – Purpose Wairua – Spirit
Mana whenua – Authority over the land Wānanga – Institution of learning, intensive
learning
Mātauranga Māori – Māori knowledge and
understanding of everything Whānau – Family
OECD – Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development
Ōhanga āmiomio – Circular economy
Pākehā – European/Caucasian
LEAVE
Rangatira – Chief/Leader
Talanoa – Discuss
Note
NO ONE
1 All amounts are in New Zealand Dollars.
2 The use of ‘disabled people’ in this report reflects the current consensus, based on advice
from the New Zealand Disability Strategy Revision Reference Group, that this is the most
respectful term recognising that disabling barriers exist within society and not with us as
individuals. In future, it is possible the disability community will decide to revise the way to
describe themselves. If this happens, the language can be changed to reflect this.
BEHIND
3 The Crown – The expression ‘the Crown’ is used frequently in descriptions of New Zealand’s
current constitutional arrangements. The meaning of ‘the Crown’ varies according to the
context in which it is used. Generally, it describes executive government conducted by
Ministers and their departments. It does not normally include organisations having their own
corporate identities, such as state-owned enterprises.
3
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
The Living Standards Framework is countries most in need, in particular Small
innovative in that it measures and Island Developing States and Least
analyses the dynamics of wellbeing, as Developed Countries, with sustainable
well as risk and resilience across a broad development a core priority. Sustainable
WAHINGA KORERO
range of economic, social and development also informs our approach
environmental domains. The Living to trade, the environment and security.
Standards Framework includes a
‘dashboard’ (database of indicators) that Sixty percent of New Zealand’s
will support progress towards the SDGs. development cooperation goes to the
THE RT HON JACINDA ARDERN
Pacific region with a strong focus on
Statistics New Zealand has also developed improving Pacific prosperity and
a set of metrics – Indicators Aotearoa New economic resilience. The government’s
PRIME MINISTER OF NEW ZEALAND
Zealand (IANZ). Like the Living Standards Pacific Reset demonstrates our
Framework, IANZ goes beyond traditional commitment to lift our ambition and
economic measures such as income and investment in the region. Substantial
GDP, and includes wellbeing and new funding will go towards tackling
sustainable development. IANZ supports issues such as climate change, health,
the development of the Living Standards education, gender and youth.
Dotted in the South Pacific, three hours Framework as well as monitoring and
from our nearest neighbours, New Zealand reporting against the SDGs. New Zealand recognises that all the
is a nation proud that our isolation has SDGs, from eradicating poverty to
never lessened our commitment to the These, along with the government’s science strengthening the means of
global community. advisers, provided an evidence-based implementation, are connected and
foundation for our first Wellbeing Budget, cannot be achieved by governments
As an active member across international delivered on 30 May 2019, which focused alone. It requires cooperation and the
government investment on areas where participation of all sectors of society.
institutions, New Zealand is committed to
the greatest benefits could be achieved. The review highlights some of the crucial
the implementation of the 2030 Agenda
work being undertaken across New
for Sustainable Development and
While New Zealand has overall a high Zealand and overseas by individuals,
achievement of the 17 Sustainable
standard of living, too many of our businesses and community groups to
Development Goals (SDGs).
families experience poverty or material achieve the SDGs.
hardship. Māori and Pacific peoples, sole
Our first Voluntary National Review
parent households and people with As I said at the United Nations General
covers all 17 SDGs with a national lens
disabilities are over-represented at the Assembly in September last year:
that reflects our belief in productive, lower end of the economic spectrum.
sustainable and inclusive development to We must redouble our efforts to work as
ensure no one is left behind. The report Child poverty is a particular concern. a global community.
highlights challenges as well as successes, New Zealand aims to at least halve child
provides a baseline for future reporting, poverty within 10 years by 2028 and we We must rediscover our shared belief in
and identifies areas where more work have introduced a wide range of the value of connectedness.
needs to be done. measures to support this including a
Families Package, to boost the incomes We must demonstrate that collective
Our country’s size, location, history, values and wellbeing of low-income families. international action not only works, but
and the partnership between the Crown The Child Poverty Reduction Act 2018 that it is in all of our best interests.
and Māori are reflected in the review. In provides an ongoing focus on child
particular we acknowledge that the special poverty reduction by requiring successive We must show the next generation that we
status of Māori, as the tangata whenua or governments to measure and report on are listening, and that we have heard them.
indigenous people of New Zealand, is the issue.
fundamental to who we are as a nation. The SDGs help us demonstrate each of
New Zealand is committed to supporting these principles and New Zealand is
New thinking is needed to achieve the the SDGs alongside our international committed to them.
vision captured within the SDGs. Rather partners. In 2018 New Zealand increased its
than measuring progress in purely Official Development Assistance (ODA) in
economic terms, the New Zealand Treasury response to the 2030 Agenda and the
is developing a broader set of measures – sustainable development finance needs of
the Living Standards Framework based on developing countries. The additional
work done by the OECD – that puts NZ$714 million allocated over four years
sustainable intergenerational wellbeing at represents a 30 percent increase in our
the centre of policy-making and the ODA, lifting it to a projected 0.28 percent Jacinda Ardern
management of our resources. of GNI. New Zealand’s ODA targets Prime Minister of New Zealand
5
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
NEW ZEALAND’S APPROACH
TO SUSTAINABLE
A JUST TRANSITION
TREATY OF WAITANGI Ensuring a just transition is about how
we transform our economy to one that
DEVELOPMENT
is productive, sustainable and inclusive.
New Zealand is founded on a partnership
It is about creating new opportunities,
between Māori, the tangata whenua or
new jobs, new skills and new investments.
indigenous people of New Zealand, and the
It is also about building an understanding
Crown (or government). In 1840 a founding
of potential pathways to transform
constitutional document, Te Tiriti o Waitangi
the New Zealand economy and how
(the Treaty of Waitangi), was signed.
the impacts of the transition will be
The intent was to formalise an enduring
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GLOBALLY IS A CRITICAL partnership between Māori and the Crown.
distributed across the economy. A just
transition requires working alongside
The Treaty encompasses both individual and
CHALLENGE FACING ALL OF US. collective rights and provides a framework
communities, regions and sectors to
make choices about how we manage the
for the State to promote, protect and respect
pace and impacts of change in a fair and
indigenous rights.
inclusive way.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable REDEFINING SUCCESS The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in good
Development serves as our collective Achieving a just transition is a long-term
blueprint to achieve a better and more faith by representatives of the British Crown
New Zealand’s policy direction is influenced process. To be successful it will require
sustainable future for all. It challenges and by many Māori Chiefs on behalf of their
by our position as a small independent managing the pace and timing of change
us to get serious about delivering an people. The Crown intended Māori to be
Pacific country, deeply engaged in our with a mix of policies, government
integrated and balanced social, economic treated fairly and honourably, particularly
region and the world. We are a nation of support and commitment to social
and environmental agenda. in the course of land transactions. However,
explorers and adventurers, and have been dialogue at multiple levels. The work of
Māori suffered greatly through the process
since the first waka reached our shores. the government and its social partners
New Zealand is contributing to of colonisation and the government now
We are agile and adaptable with a mind-set will need to be underpinned by a deep
achievement of the 2030 Agenda and acknowledges that since 1840 it has breached
that enables us to be innovative in the face understanding of which groups in our
the Sustainable Development Goals its duties under the Treaty and has accepted
of new challenges. society will face the most significant
(SDGs) through a combination of a moral obligation to resolve Māori
challenges and the likely nature of
domestic action, international leadership historical grievances.
As a people we highly value our egalitarian those challenges. The government
on global issues and support for will work with sectors and communities
society. But we know that despite our Today the distinct and special status of Māori as
developing countries. Achievement to empower them to develop strategies
developed status, there are New Zealanders tangata whenua is of profound importance to
requires a whole of government effort, for anticipating and responding
who struggle to achieve a decent level of New Zealand and fundamental to our identity
working alongside the private sector and to opportunities and challenges
wellbeing. Our success as a nation rests on as a nation. The Treaty is recognised as a
civil society. from transitions.
far more than just economic indicators. foundational document of New Zealand that has
This is our first Voluntary National Review significant constitutional, historical and ongoing
We are therefore taking a new approach. importance. It belongs to all New Zealanders
on our implementation of the SDGs.
We are redefining what success looks and is a source of both individual and collective PRODUCTIVITY
We have chosen to address those aspects
like by putting the wellbeing of all rights of Māori.
of the 2030 Agenda most relevant to
New Zealanders at the centre of New Zealand wants to be a leader and
New Zealand. The report captures
everything we do. constructive partner, both nationally and
our current initiatives and high level
plans, and reflects our commitment to internationally, in the transformation to
Our approach takes into account a modern and sustainable economy. Our
productive, sustainable and inclusive
New Zealand’s unique characteristics, direction moves us away from a simple
development as a country and as a
including the relationship between the focus on Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
global partner. We intend to provide a
Crown and Māori as tangata whenua. to incorporate environmental and social
foundation for future national reporting
It builds on our national values, our factors as well as economic indicators.
to build on.
collective responsibilities as kaitiaki of
our environment and the international Our vision, to improve the wellbeing and
reputation we are proud of. living standards of New Zealanders
7
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
through building a productive, sustainable and more connected communities. international rules and institutions
and inclusive economy, echoes the Economic growth and social inclusion are including those relating to economic
objectives of the SDGs. We are embedding interdependent. We are determined to success, environmental protection and
our wellbeing focus into our policy grow and share more fairly New Zealand’s natural resource management. We work PACIFIC WELLBEING
thinking to ensure that the direction of all prosperity. All New Zealanders should to strengthen the contribution of trade to
government policy is consistent. This have equal opportunities to participate inclusive and sustainable development. Pacific Aotearoa talanoa with
means thinking holistically about how in our economy. We will reduce the We have increased our aid and we target more than 2,500 Pacific people
policies and programmes impact each barriers to participation and support this to countries most in need, particularly living in New Zealand have
other and contribute to our overall people and businesses to take advantage Small Island Developing States and Least identified what wellbeing means
objectives. To deliver higher living of the opportunities available. We will Developed Countries. for Pacific peoples today and
standards for New Zealanders, we are ensure everyone who is able to is earning, for the future. These talanoa
working to overcome some significant learning, caring or volunteering. We focus our contribution on the Pacific highlighted Pacific identities,
challenges to productivity, sustainability where we have deepened our partnerships languages and cultures;
and inclusiveness. Productivity is a key We recognise that there is disparity and direct 60 percent of our aid. Alongside economic development and
driver of economic performance, higher in outcomes for New Zealanders, strong market access, we have committed income; health and wellness; and
wages and higher living standards. particularly for Māori, Pacific peoples and to provide 20 percent of our Official intergenerational opportunities
women. We are committed to ensuring Development Assistance as Aid-for-Trade for youth as key priority areas.
We are at the beginning of a period of that all New Zealanders benefit from in the Pacific with the aim of improving
significant change that will impact on our growth, now and in future generations. two-way trade, Pacific prosperity and This has provided the basis to
economy, now and for decades to come. economic resilience. We have increased develop the Pacific Aotearoa
These changes include things like our our commitment to climate related vision for Pacific peoples: ‘Pacific
demographics, technology, the sharing financing to $300 million through to 2022. values are our anchor, with each
economy and climate change. We also
SUSTAINABILITY This will include a focus on adaptation to generation weaving the foundation
need to respond to changing financial the impacts of climate change, in line with for the next to stand on. Pacific
and trade policies of major economies Our natural capital, or natural resource Pacific partner priorities. communities are leading
around the world. To meet the challenges base, is woven into the fabric of every innovations within Aotearoa, the
and take the opportunities of a rapidly New Zealander’s health and wellbeing, Pacific region and the world. We
changing world we need to support the country’s brand and Te Ao Māori. Our
land, forests, waterways and oceans are
OUR SUSTAINABLE are confident in our endeavours,
we are thriving, resilient and
workers and businesses to be inclusive,
the foundation of our economy. FUTURE prosperous Pacific Aotearoa.’
resilient and adaptable.
Internationally, we cooperate with partners New Zealand is in the process of New Zealand is driving transformation Pacific Aotearoa places the
to create conditions that enable all transitioning to a cleaner, greener, through collaboration and partnerships aspirations of Pacific peoples
countries to prosper. We are committed carbon neutral country. We must between local and central government, at the centre of thinking and
to development cooperation that embeds progressively reverse environmental businesses, workers and unions, rural decision making. It recognises
the principles of the 2030 Agenda. We damage and support the economy to and urban communities and iwi, as their leadership role and strengths
work for sustainable and inclusive growth be more sustainable through smart use well as with international partners. to drive change from within,
globally, including through strengthened of technology, education, regulation, It is essential that participation across and for, their own communities.
economic governance and stability. investment and pricing. We must be sectors, communities and agencies is It is fundamental that Pacific
resilient and able to respond to shock developed and deepened. values inform how initiatives are
events and emerging stresses. developed. Relationships must be
We want to build a solid and enduring
INCLUSIVITY foundation to achieve a more productive,
effective in a Pacific community
setting. This vision provides
sustainable and inclusive society. Every
The wellbeing of people and communities GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS step counts. We look forward to taking
insight to tailor initiatives to
ensure they resonate with and are
is at the centre of New Zealand’s vision. ever greater strides towards improving impactful for Pacific communities.
We are committed to delivering equitable New Zealand seeks a peaceful world in the wellbeing of all New Zealanders,
outcomes and enabling current and which all people live with dignity and especially the most vulnerable, and to
future generations to achieve higher living safety, all countries can prosper and our the delivery of the SDGs.
standards. We are determined to make shared environment is protected.
New Zealand the best place in the world We cooperate to advance that goal
to be a child and to build healthier, safer globally. We work to strengthen
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NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
LIVING STANDARDS
FRAMEWORK AND
INDICATORS AOTEAROA
NEW ZEALAND
NEW ZEALAND’S APPROACH TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IS BROAD, INTEGRATED AND HOLISTIC. IT IS FOCUSED ON IMPROVING THE
WELLBEING AND LIVING STANDARDS OF ALL NEW ZEALANDERS.
The LSF is a practical application of government action will support our
national and international research progress towards achieving the SDGs.
around measuring wellbeing, tailored to
reflect New Zealand’s unique culture and In parallel, Statistics New Zealand has
Our conceptualisation of sustainable to analyse, measure and compare those what matters to New Zealanders. To distil developed Indicators Aotearoa
development is consistent with the spirit outcomes through a wide and evolving and structure this knowledge, and to New Zealand – Ngā Tūtohu Aotearoa, a
of the 2030 Agenda, which outlines a set of indicators. The framework covers
ensure international comparability, the new suite of statistical indicators that go
series of interconnected goals that are current wellbeing, future wellbeing
Treasury drew on the internationally- beyond economic measures, such as GDP
people-centred and encompass a wide and risk and resilience across a range
recognised approach taken by the and include wellbeing and sustainable
variety of issues affecting the wellbeing of economic, social and environmental
Organisation for Economic Co-operation development to help inform government
of our planet and all of humanity. indicators. Distribution is important
and Development (OECD). policy and investment decisions. This new
across all these three concepts.
tool supports the development of the LSF,
We are redefining what success means
as well as other governmental wellbeing
for New Zealand. We believe that to be
successful we need to build a productive,
Within current wellbeing, 12 domains
reflect wellbeing at a ‘point in time’. WE BELIEVE THAT TO BE SUCCESSFUL WE reporting and analysis activities including
sustainable and inclusive economy,
which improves the wellbeing and
Four capitals – natural, human, social,
and financial and physical – are the
NEED TO BUILD A PRODUCTIVE, SUSTAINABLE monitoring and reporting against the
SDGs. Indicators Aotearoa New Zealand
living standards of all New Zealanders. assets that generate wellbeing now AND INCLUSIVE ECONOMY, WHICH IMPROVES is a comprehensive suite of approximately
100 social, cultural, environmental and
To this end, the New Zealand Treasury, and into the future. New Zealand’s
the government’s lead economic and capital stocks include our people’s skills, THE WELLBEING AND LIVING STANDARDS OF economic indicators to measure and track
New Zealand’s progress over time. There
financial adviser, has developed a Living
Standards Framework (LSF) to improve
knowledge, and physical and mental
health; our natural environment; our ALL NEW ZEALANDERS. will be approximately 20 population and
the depth, breadth and quality of policy social connections, communities and production indicators, providing context
development concerning living standards. institutions; and the buildings, machines The LSF includes a dashboard – a for considering and interpreting the
and other physical assets that support structured database of indicators to wellbeing indicators.
The Living Standards Framework is a material living conditions. Links can be support policy development to lift
high level framework that emphasises drawn between the LSF current domains intergenerational wellbeing. The use of The indicator suite has been developed to
the diversity of outcomes meaningful for of wellbeing and future capital stocks and these tools as part of regular financial allow for measurement of New Zealand’s
New Zealanders, and helps the Treasury the SDGs. and economic analysis of options for current and future wellbeing and
11
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
EXAMPLES OF HOW THE SDGs MAP TO INDICATORS AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND
Low income Experience of discrimination
Child poverty Low income Income adequacy Income inequality
Homelessness Material wellbeing Net worth
Costs of extreme weather events Democratic participation Justice equity
Health equity
Soil health Productive land Access to
safe water for recreation and food gathering Homelessness Housing affordability
Efficiency of land use Land assets Housing quality Overcrowding Access
Cultural ecosystem services to natural spaces Levels of pollutants
New Zealand’s impact on the rest of The indicators will support government Provisioning ecosystem services Active Victimisation Resilience of infrastructure
the world. The indicators build on strategic direction and provide the stewardship of land Net greenhouse gas Waste generation Heritage assets
international best practice, and have information needed to guide priorities emissions Biodiversity/native species
been tailored to a New Zealand context and improve the wellbeing of all New
by incorporating topics such as culture, Zealanders. The indicators will also enable
identity, land and waste. New Zealand’s local government, businesses, civil society Material intensity, including recycling, land
Health expectancy Health equity
fill inflows, second-hand economy Waste
official statistics agency is partnering and communities and individuals to Mental health status Amenable mortality
generation Export of waste (net and gross)
with Māori to further develop the set make informed choices on wellbeing Self-reported health status Spiritual health
Consumption of greenhouse gases Energy
of indicators based on concepts of and sustainability. Suicide Injury prevalence Illness
consumption Efficiency of land use
wellbeing from a Te Ao Māori perspective. attributable to air quality Overcrowding
Productive land Modified land
The first cut of the indicators will be
This suite of indicators was developed released in late June 2019. It is intended
Core competencies Early childhood Costs of extreme weather events Global
through broad and inclusive public that the Treasury will draw indicators
education Educational attainment CO2 concentrations Gross greenhouse gas
consultation. It included input from and data from the indicator suite for
Education equity Literacy, numeracy and emissions Net greenhouse gas emissions
subject matter experts across many the Living Standards Framework. science skills of 15-year olds Intergenerational Consumption of net greenhouse gas emissions
sectors, including government, non- More information on Indicators transfer of knowledge Modified land Renewable energy
government organisations, academia, Aotearoa New Zealand can be found at
business and international wellbeing www.wellbeingindicators.stats.govt.nz. Fish stocks Ocean acidification
experts – all of which fed into Value of unpaid work Domestic violence Waste flows in waterways and coastal marine
recommendations on the indicator set. Experience of discrimination environments Quality of water resources
To the extent possible, the wellbeing Income inequality Net worth Low Provisioning ecosystem services
indicators will be disaggregated to track income Justice equity Inequality of Regulating ecosystem services Cultural
education outcomes Health equity ecosystem services Biodiversity/native
the progress of different groups within
species Ecological integrity
the population.
Drinking water quality Access to safe
Indicators Aotearoa New Zealand water for recreation and food gathering
Biodiversity/native species Ecological
will function as the data source that integrity Efficiency of land use
Quality of water resources Stock of
Productive land Soil health Cultural
underpins government analytical freshwater resources Water stress
ecosystem services Provisioning ecosystem
frameworks and decision making. Waste flows into waterways and coastal
services Regulating ecosystem services
This includes supporting New Zealand’s marine environments Material intensity,
Quality of water resources
reporting on progress on the SDGs. including recycling, land fill inflows, second hand
Active stewardship of land
economy
Generalised trust Institutional trust
Justice equity Perceptions of safety/
Energy intensity Energy resources feelings of safety Harm against children
Renewable energy Energy consumption Victimisation Experience of discrimination
Domestic violence Sense of belonging
Loneliness
Employment rate Hourly earnings
Job satisfaction Job strain Not in
employment, education or training Foreign direct investment Official
Unemployment Work/life balance development assistance Remittances to
Workplace accidents Official development other countries
assistance Consumption of net greenhouse
gas emissions
Infrastructure Resilience of infrastructure
Modified land Commuting time to work
Costs of extreme weather events Gross
greenhouse gas emissions Material intensity,
including recycling, landfill inflows, second-hand
economy Net fixed assets For reasons of brevity not all Indicators Aotearoa New Zealand that relate to
SDGs are shown.
13
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
NEW ZEALAND’S
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
IN ADDITION TO PURSUING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT HOME,
NEW ZEALAND WORKS TO ADVANCE THE 2030 AGENDA IN OUR
REGION AND IN THE WORLD.
Sustainable development is a core foreign focus to global cooperation on human Small Island Developing States and affordable, reliable and clean energy
policy priority. It is central to the mission rights and gender equality, climate Least Developed Countries. We focus and increased economic and food
of our aid programme and informs change, environmental and oceans our aid on countries where we have security benefits from sustainable
our approach to trade, environment, stewardship, open and rules-based the presence and partnerships to be fisheries and aquaculture.
development and security policy, as well trade, disarmament and security. effective. Globally we have prioritised
as our domestic policy. We seek global policy coherence our support to sustainable agriculture, Our recently announced Pacific Reset
including through the elimination of clean energy and education. Across signalled a lift in New Zealand’s
environmentally harmful subsidies all our aid we pursue development strategic ambition and investment in
NEW ZEALAND that undermine progress toward that is resilient, inclusive, sustained the region. The Reset aims to build
and effective. And we seek to deeper and more mutual partnerships
COOPERATES FOR sustainability. We advocate for global
strengthen the role of trade in with Pacific countries, enhance
systems to work effectively for Small
SUSTAINABLE Island Developing States. delivering inclusive and sustainable coordination with other key partners
DEVELOPMENT ACROSS development in developing countries. and institutions and improve the
THREE KEY SPHERES 2 We support sustainable development coherence between New Zealand’s
in developing countries — 3 We work for Pacific achievement of policies – whether domestic or foreign
the SDGs — policy – that have a bearing on the
1 We cooperate for global solutions New Zealand recognises the
New Zealand is a Pacific country and Pacific and its people. An additional
to global challenges — sustainable development challenges
we recognise the unique and critical $714 million in overall aid funding
New Zealand recognises the facing developing countries across
sustainable development challenges announced in Budget 2018 will be
importance of effective global a range of circumstances. We
facing our region. Our presence and drawn on to tackle priority issues for
cooperation to protect and advance recognise the risk of countries falling
partnerships in the Pacific mean this the Pacific, in particular economic
global public goods and to create behind due to governance, conflict
is where New Zealand’s contribution resilience, climate change, health,
conditions that enable all countries or environmental reasons. We is most important and can have most education, gender, human rights
to realise sustainable development. recognise the scale, vulnerability and impact. It is the geographic focus for and youth.
climate issues faced by Small Island our aid.
New Zealand works for durable Developing States. And the middle
international solutions to global income country challenge of sustaining New Zealand works with Pacific Island
environmental, economic, security social and economic progress while countries and the region to support
and development challenges. We making a historic transition to low- progress against the Pacific Roadmap
aim to strengthen the international emissions and environmentally for Sustainable Development. Our aid
rules and institutions essential sustainable development. partnerships are responsive to context
to sustainable development. We and each country’s issues and priorities.
are active within and support the New Zealand targets its aid to We are working to deliver ambitious
multilateral system. We bring particular countries most in need, particularly targets in terms of expanded access to
15
NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
SDG SUMMIT—UNIVERSITIES NEW ZEALAND NARRATIVE IMPERATIVE—ME FAMILY SERVICES
New Zealand’s eight universities are The theme of the second national SDG Narrative Imperative was a 2018 Narrative Imperative is a great example
represented at a national level by Summit, to be held in Auckland in competition that asked New Zealanders of the power the SDGs have to engage
Universities New Zealand – Te Pōkai Tara. September 2019, is ‘accelerated action, to write about the SDGs that they felt people across a nation and globally
They are working together and with other together’, recognising the need for passionate about. Co-founded by six on the economic, environmental and
sectors – specifically central and local urgency and cross-sector engagement. friends, this volunteer run initiative set societal dimensions of sustainable
government, civil society, the private The Summit hosts have extended the out to engage the New Zealand public development. To read the entries go
sector and youth – to show leadership Stakeholder Group to include 350 in the global agenda for sustainable to www.narrativeimperative.org.
in the implementation of the SDGs at Aotearoa, Auckland District Health Board, development. The Narrative Imperative
a national level. This includes hosting a EnviroSchools, Forest and Bird, Hui-E!, team wanted to provide a platform for
series of national SDG Summits that aim to Manaaki Whenua, New Zealand National all New Zealanders to engage with the
promote, build and accelerate multi-sector Commission for UNESCO, Ministry of SDGs they care about, extending the
action to implement the UN’s Sustainable Foreign Affairs and Trade, NZ Council conversation beyond government’s Tweet
Development Goals in New Zealand. for International Development, NZ Green policy advisers.
Building Council, Sustainable Business Na_tive @na_tiveNZ•26m
The inaugural national SDG Summit in Council and Sustainable Business Network. Entries could be written in either Te Reo Final few hours to get your submissions
Wellington in 2018 aimed to ‘bring the Māori or English and could be in any in for Narrative Imperative! What have
SDGs home to New Zealand’, to ‘inform, Stakeholder groups are working with written form – including poems, opinion you got to say about the #SDGs New
excite and mobilise’ leadership across the sectors to assess their current status articles and short stories. All entries were Zealand? Applications close tonight 13
May @ 11.59PM NZ time @HelenClarkNZ
the sectors, and to start cross-sectoral with regard to the SDGs, catalogue uploaded online and anyone residing in
conversations around action. Three exemplary initiatives and identify gaps, New Zealand had the opportunity to vote 5: Gender Equality
hundred participants from across the challenges and solutions. The second for their favourite submission. 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
7: Affordable and Clean Energy
sectors were given opportunities to find summit will formulate cross-sectoral 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
out how government agencies, businesses, plans for accelerated action, and these In the two months that the competition 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10: Reduced Inequality
civil society, Māori enterprises and plans will be implemented in the run-up ran over 200 people submitted an entry 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
academia were already using the SDGs to the following summit. By encouraging and more than 5,000 people voted. 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
13: Climate Action
and measuring their progress towards complementary and integrated planning 14: Life Below Water
achieving them. The Summit included and action in and across other sectors, The Narrative Imperative team were 15: Life on Land
16: Peace and Justice and Strong Institutions.
international and national keynote the summits are expected to play an successful in their aim of generating
speakers, panel discussions with sector- important and ongoing role in driving exposure and engaging New Zealanders
Helen Clark
group leaders and action stations where New Zealand’s implementation of with the SDGs. The team were interviewed @HelenClarkNZ
participants worked together to prepare the SDGs. by Radio New Zealand and former
actionable, investable ideas to progress New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark
achievement in pre-polled topics of promoted the competition on social Replying to @na_tiveNZ
relevance to one or more of the SDGs. media. Teachers across New Zealand had Hope you get a good response! #SDGs
their classrooms discuss the SDGs and are relevant to #NZ - as they are to
submit an entry. all countries! @jacindaardern
Tweet your reply
New Zealand’s first in a series of national, cross-sectoral and action-oriented SDG Summits was hosted by Victoria
University of Wellington in April 2018, and will be followed by the University of Auckland and Auckland University of
Technology hosting in September 2019. Photo Credit: Victoria University of Wellington.
17NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
SDG1 – NO POVERTY
NEW ZEALAND CONTEXT significantly overrepresented
among low-income households, as
are New Zealanders with disabilities.
New Zealand is a highly developed
country with a high standard of living.
Child poverty is an area of particular
International comparisons indicate that
concern. Evidence shows that the
our low-income and material deprivation
experience of poverty, especially when
population proportions are on a par with that experience is severe and persistent,
We want to at least halve child poverty within OECD countries’ average performance, but
we recognise that we have more work to
can have a negative impact on the lives
of children. They may be more likely, on
ten years – the first step is the passing of the Child do to reduce the rates. We are committed
to tackling these issues and improving the
average, to experience poorer educational
Poverty Reduction Act. wellbeing of all people in New Zealand,
outcomes, poorer health and have more
difficulty finding work in adulthood.
with a particular focus on reducing child
poverty and improving child wellbeing.
INITIATIVES UNDERWAY
WE ARE COMMITTED TO INCREASING New Zealand has extensive social
THE STOCK OF PUBLIC HOUSING AND protections in place to provide support
to people when needed. We are also
AFFORDABLE HOUSING OVER THE NEXT undertaking a range of initiatives and
commitments that will make a significant
FOUR YEARS. contribution to reducing the proportion
of New Zealanders living in poverty
At the international level we act in particularly amongst groups that
many ways to end poverty. We recently are overrepresented.
increased our Official Development
Assistance (ODA) significantly in order Social protections, including targeted
to contribute more to global sustainable financial and other supports, are available
development needs, particularly in to those seeking employment, and
the Pacific. We aim to use our ODA to support is provided for those people
support those most in need. with, or who are caring for someone with,
a health condition, injury, or disability.
Financial support is available for sole
parents along with additional support to
CHALLENGES help them find part-time work or prepare
for future work. An important focus of
Despite New Zealand’s overall high employment related support is to provide
standard of living, annual household people with more opportunities to work
survey data tells us that a proportion and earn a good living.
of New Zealand households experience
poverty or material hardship, with certain We want New Zealand to be the best
groups overrepresented. place in the world for children and
young people. To help achieve that
For example, using those households vision we have introduced new laws.
with incomes less than 50 percent of The Child Poverty Reduction Act 2018
equivalised median household income creates an on-going focus on child
as the measure, nine percent of the poverty, and provides for political
population were below this threshold accountability against published targets.
before deducting housing costs in The new legislation requires successive
2015. This increased to 15 percent after governments to measure and report on
deducting housing costs. child poverty (using a suite of measures).
The government has set ten-year targets,
The proportion of those below this aimed at reducing child poverty by
poverty threshold varies significantly by at least half on both low-income and
household type and ethnicity. Sole parent material hardship measures by 2028.
households are more likely to be on low- Intermediate targets have also been set
incomes than other types of households. and seek to reduce the number of children
Similarly, household income data shows in poverty on these same measures by
that Māori and Pacific peoples are tens of thousands in the first three years.
19NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
SDG 1 – NO POVERTY
Alongside this, we have increased the Group to provide advice on options that
size of our Household Economic Survey could best give effect to its vision for the
sample to 20,000, so that in future we future direction of the social welfare system. BY 2021, THE 2017 REDUCE THE NUMBER OF
CHILDREN IN POVERTY BY
will have better information about poverty
and hardship for particular populations
The Group has recommended fundamental
change to the welfare system, focused on
FAMILIES PACKAGE, TENS OF THOUSANDS
and groups. restoring dignity to people so they can AIMS TO:
participate meaningfully with their families
Legislative changes also require successive and communities. The government is
governments to develop and publish a considering the Group’s recommendations
strategy to improve the wellbeing of all as a valuable input to the broader work
children; including children with greater on overhauling the welfare system. It is INCREASE INCOMES FOR
needs as a particular focus. The strategy expected that achieving the vision will ABOUT 384,000 FAMILIES WITH
will also address reducing child poverty, require wide systemic change, involve a CHILDREN (62%)
and mitigating the impacts of child poverty three to five-year work programme and is
and socio-economic disadvantage faced by likely to take upwards of 10 years to embed.
children. The scope of the first strategy has
been extended to include young people and We are also working to address the populations. Whānau Ora is a community public retirement pension, New Zealand
is due to be published later in 2019. impact of housing costs on New driven programme designed to support Superannuation, and significant assets
Zealanders, including those on low- a holistic approach to improving the built up by many in this age group,
These actions to reduce child poverty and incomes. We are committed to increasing wellbeing of Māori and all New Zealanders. especially mortgage-free home ownership.
improve child wellbeing will contribute to the stock of public housing places and The approach supports whānau to achieve The voluntary, work-based KiwiSaver
achieving the 2030 Agenda. affordable housing over the next four their aspirations by placing them at the retirement saving scheme is also helping
years. We are also focused on achieving centre of decision making and giving them people save for retirement. We are also
Our commitment to reduce poverty is equitable housing outcomes for Māori greater control of the services they need. developing a new strategy to prepare
also demonstrated by our recent Families and other groups with poor housing Kaiārahi (navigators) typically work with New Zealand for an ageing population.
Package, which includes a range of tax- outcomes. Means-tested supplementary whānau to identify their specific needs Areas of focus include housing, health,
credit changes and other measures social welfare supports are available and aspirations and then help identify and financial security and work.
that will increase the incomes of low- to those on low-incomes to assist with connect them with appropriate services,
income families. When the Package is accommodation costs. education providers, or employment and We recently increased our Official
fully implemented in 2021, it will boost business opportunities. Development Assistance (ODA)
the incomes of about 384,000 families For those living in rented accommodation significantly in response to the 2030
with children, about 62 percent of New we are progressing work to improve the Government agencies work jointly with Agenda and to sustainable development
Zealand’s families with children, and quality of housing and rental conditions. disabled people’s organisations to finance needs, particularly in the Pacific.
reduce the number of children in poverty This includes legislative changes aimed implement the Disability Action Plan. The From 2018, we have allocated an additional
by tens of thousands. at improving security of tenure and current Disability Action Plan 2014-2018 $714 million over a four-year budget cycle,
implementing the Healthy Homes includes actions to increase disabled representing a 30 percent increase, lifting
Alongside the Families Package, we are Guarantee Act 2017 to ensure that rental people’s employment and economic ODA to a projected 0.28 percent of Gross
acting to address household income levels. homes are warm and dry. opportunities, and testing a new support National Income.
The minimum wage has been increased system that empowers persons with
to $17.70 per hour, a 7.2 percent increase, We know that debt is a factor for many disabilities to make decisions about We focus our ODA on the challenges
and this will be further increased over families experiencing poverty and hardship. how they spend their disability support of countries most in need, including
the coming years as economic conditions A number of initiatives are underway that funding. A new Disability Action Plan Small Island Developing States (where
allow. This will raise incomes derived from may help to reduce poverty and hardship by 2019-2022 is currently being developed, we allocate 60 percent of our ODA),
employment across many household types, reducing problem debt. Legislative measures which will include an action to reduce the Least Developed Countries, landlocked
including those with low-incomes. Many are being introduced to address predatory employment gap between disabled and developing countries and fragile and
New Zealanders on low-incomes have also lending, and we are exploring other ways to non-disabled people. conflict affected states. We consider that
benefited from pay equity settlements, enable access to affordable credit (or other our ODA has a comparative advantage
in particular groups of predominantly support) for vulnerable consumers. Compared to other age groups, older as a source of financing for countries that
women workers. New Zealanders are less likely to struggle to access other finance and as a
The impacts of poverty do not fall equally experience material hardship or have catalyst for mobilising resources for regions
The government established an across population groups. We are working low-incomes after housing costs. This and groups of people most at risk of being
independent Welfare Expert Advisory to address the specific needs of these reflects the universal provision of the left behind.
21NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
REDUCING CHILD POVERTY AND IMPROVING WELLBEING TE PUNA ORANGA—ME FAMILY SERVICES
IN DECEMBER 2018 WE experiencing poverty and socio-economic
disadvantage and those of interest to the
Te Puna Oranga – ‘The Spring of Life’
– is the name of a new community TE PUNA ORANGA OFFERS
PASSED LEGISLATION TO HELP New Zealand agency that administers
our statutory care, protection and youth
garden and makerspace at ME Family
Services in Māngere East. The name
THE KIND OF SPACE EVERY
ACHIEVE A SIGNIFICANT AND justice systems. The new legislation
requires consultation with children
reflects the wairua of the space and its
role in bringing to life the hopes and
COMMUNITY IS IN NEED OF,
SUSTAINED REDUCTION IN CHILD and with Māori. It also makes explicit aspirations ME Family Services has for SOMEWHERE PEOPLE CAN
POVERTY, AND TO IMPROVE THE reference to the Treaty of Waitangi, the
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child,
our community: a thriving, regenerative
community where everyone and GO TO FEEL VALUED, MAKE
WELLBEING OF ALL CHILDREN and the UN Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities.
everything has value.
A CONTRIBUTION, SHARE
AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN The government undertook extensive
From a swamp, to farmland, to the muddy
end of a school field in the middle of
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT GROWING
NEW ZEALAND. public engagement on the strategy in the suburbs, we wanted to capture the FOOD AND EATING WELL AND
The legislation requires successive
2018, including hearing from more than
6,000 children and young people. This
essence of the space and find out what
its unique contribution could be to the RETHINK HOW WE CREATE AND
governments to set intermediate (three-
year) and long-term (ten-year) targets
feedback will help inform the direction
and content of the first strategy, which is
local community. Using the metaphor of
the swamp, we saw that the space had a
DEAL WITH ‘RUBBISH’.
on a set of child poverty measures. due to be released later in 2019. role to play in capturing and regenerating
It provides a doorway in to the wrap-
The government must report on child the ‘waste’ from our neighbourhood.
around support offered by ME Family
poverty rates each year and outline how We have also introduced a Child Impact The space was created in partnership
Services including social work support,
official budget decisions will impact on Assessment Tool for voluntary use with MAU Studio, and with the help of
early childhood education, driver
child poverty. by government and non-government local schools, locally-based architecture
licensing and micro-business support.
organisations in New Zealand to assess students and local time-traders.
Most importantly it connects people to
The current government has set its whether policy proposals will increase the
their local community and to themselves.
intermediate targets, which aim to reduce wellbeing of children and young people. The entire site is constructed from
the number of children in poverty by tens our neighbourhood’s ‘waste’: tyres for
of thousands by 2021, and its long-term The tool helps to provide a child-centred garden beds, a shipping container for our
targets, which aim to halve child poverty assessment where the best interests of makerspace, a pallet deck and garden
by 2028 (and exceed this on some the child are a primary consideration shed, old bed heads for plant supports.
measures). To help reach these targets, and the views of children are respected A water tank collects rain water from our
the government has introduced the and given due weight. Guidance is also roof and connects to a rustic outdoor
Families Package – a range of measures provided on how to ensure that the kitchen space, where meals can be
that deliver more money to families. voices of children and young people are cooked-up straight from the garden.
As well as tax-credits, these include captured in the design, implementation The garden is maintained and developed
weekly payments to families of new- and review of policy decisions. by ME Family Services staff, alongside
born children and winter energy many fabulous local time-traders.
payments to low-income families. The
government has also expanded Statistics Since our official opening in November
New Zealand’s Household Economic 2018, Te Puna Oranga has received
Survey, to strengthen the measuring and many visitors, from local and central
reporting of child poverty. government departments, to local
organisations, schools and neighbours.
New legislation also requires the
government to develop and publish
a strategy to improve the wellbeing
of all children. The strategy must
include a focus on the wellbeing
of those with greater needs, those
23NEW ZEALAND’S PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SDGs – 2019
SDG2 – ZERO HUNGER
We have a significant role to play in
global food security. NEW ZEALAND CONTEXT guarantee a role for Māori in decision-
making around resource management.
New Zealand is a long-standing
New Zealand is a substantial net exporter
proponent for the removal of barriers
of food products, playing an important
to international trade in food products,
role in global food security through the
and a strong advocate of a rules-based
provision of safe and nutritious food
international trade system aimed at
products to the world.
ensuring people have affordable access
to that food. New Zealand also actively
New Zealand’s efficient production
engages in international forums and
systems and strict regulatory policy
through multilateral research to raise on-
regimes ensure the safety and integrity of
farm productivity (including through the
our products for international consumers.
Global Research Alliance on Agricultural
Meeting high standards has been
Greenhouse Gases) and international
driven by more than 30 years without
cooperation on food supply chain
production or trade distorting subsidies
efficiency and integrity.
for our agriculture and fisheries sectors.
This has resulted in innovative producers
Food security is a global challenge and
who strive to gain maximum value from
New Zealand is a small country. But this
New Zealand’s pasture-based agriculture
does not mean our role is a small one:
system and quota-managed fisheries.
through international collaboration we
can share our expertise with the world
in areas such as productive and resilient
NEW ZEALAND’S FOOD PRODUCTION food production systems, supply chain
integrity and biological greenhouse
CHALLENGE IS TO STAY AT THE FOREFRONT gas emissions research. This, combined
OF GLOBAL CONSUMER DEMAND FOR SAFE with strong advocacy for the removal
of harmful barriers to trade, can allow
AND SUSTAINABLY PRODUCED FOOD. New Zealand to play a significant and
positive role in global food security and
sustainable agriculture.
Goal 2 seeks to double the agricultural
productivity and incomes of small-scale
food producers, particularly indigenous CHALLENGES
peoples. In New Zealand, Māori are
significant owners of land assets and New Zealand’s food production
drivers of economic activity in food challenge is to stay at the forefront
production and export sectors, and of global consumer demand for safe
in the economy as a whole. Much of and sustainably produced food while
the $55 billion asset base in the Māori developing innovative ways to assure
economy is in the primary sectors, consumers of the safety and integrity of
including 38 percent of all fisheries our products.
quota, 30 percent of lamb production
and 10 percent of dairy production. A major challenge for agriculture systems
Much of the government’s activity has is climate change. We need to find ways
been concerned with increasing Māori to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint
presence, capability and productivity of food production to support New
in these sectors. As well as being major Zealand’s transition to a low-carbon
economic players, the principles of economy and commitments under the
New Zealand’s Treaty of Waitangi Paris Agreement, whilst also ensuring that
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