Inflations, deflations and slip on the faults
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Inflations, deflations and slip on the faults Salvatore Consoli, INGV-OE (salvatore.consoli@ingv.it) Francesco Carnemolla, Università di Catania (francesco.carnemolla@unict.it) Shan Gremion, ENS Lyon (shan.gremion@ens-lyon.fr) Pierre Briole, ENS Paris & INGV-OE (pierre.briole@ens.fr) & un certo Daniele
Salve, my name is Daniele. I am from Etna.
I trust in Etna! I trust also in InsegnaciEtna!
Welcome to Sicily!
I will speak Italian. Sorry!
I hope that you will enjoy and want to learn Italian with me!
E ora, andiamo!
GPS measures precisely the deformations of Etna
Data transmitted in real time and Maintenance made by several
processed at the INGV-OE in Catania. technicians using dedicated equipment.
Winter maintenance at the Cratere del Piano
GPS station.
Tre ore di salita, poi 10 km
chissa quante ore di
lavoro…, e infine More than 40 permanent GPS stations
mezz’ora di sciata felice
Accuracy = 1 to 2 centimeters in real time
Campaign GPS measurements
During eruptions and after
earthquakes, GPS measurements
are made at additional (not
permanent) points.
This increases of density of GPS
points is needed to characterize
properly the deformations and
interpret them.
Grid with the programming of a GPS campaign.
Non c'è puzza di
muffa da queste parti
GPS measurement near Grotta dei Lamponi in July 2019
Campaign measurement
in June 2020
Caspita, guarda che tra What is a fault?
cent’anni questa strada si
butta nella sciara! Timpa of Acireale
2002
Pernicana Fault
2006
Where are the faults?
comu diceva u
vìecchiu Padron
‘Ntoni Mamma mia, troppe faglie!
Ciccio, sono tutte uguali,
oppure quelle grandi fanno
da grandi, e quelle piccole da
piccole?
Faults on Etna
Seismic faults Aseismic faults
Chissà se esistono
faglie
alternativamente
sismiche e asismiche?
Instant Movement
Slow Movement
Seismogram of the earthquake of Time series of the GPS station ELAC
December 2018 at the seismic station
ESVD drawings from Pierre Bichet
The seismic fault of December 2018
The village of Fleri after the
December 2018 earthquake
Ciccio, stai attento di non
cadere nella faglia perché
mi sa che arrivi dritto al
centro del vulcano! East North Vertical
Abrupt motion at the EBDA GPS station in
december 2018
The aseismic fault of Aci Trezza
La faglia è mobile, qual piuma al vento, ...
Tremestieri
East North Vertical
Aseismic cracks along
the Aci Trezza – San
Gregorio fault zone
San Gregorio
Vertical movement of the GPS stations
Meters
steady inflation
Interessante pero, attenzione, Twenty years
i salti di ESLN (il verde) sono
dovuti a cambiamenti
dell’antenna GPSHorizontal movement of the GPS stations
East component North component
Meters
steady inflation steady inflation
Increasing position towards East Increasing position towards South
EINT break of position during 2018 eruption EINT break of position during 2018 eruption
ESLN break of position during 2018 eruption ESLN break of position during 2018 eruption
tanta robaHorizontal velocities of the GPS stations
2000 – 2020 DEFORMATION PATTERNS
Mainly towards East
2000 ‐ 2008 flank of Etna
Secular flank collapse
Mainly towards East
flank of Etna
2009 ‐ 2015
Steady velocities
Change of orientation
Radial inflation
2016 ‐ 2018
Increasing velocities
Insomma, gira come la High velocities close
banderuola secondo da 2019 ‐ 2020 to summit
dove tira il vento Radial inflation
Increasing velocitiesVertical velocities of the GPS stations
NB: smaller amplitude than
horizontal velocities
Citius!
Altius!
Fortius!
2000 ‐ 2008 2009 ‐ 2015 2016 ‐ 2018 2019 ‐ 2020
Deflation Gradual inflation
Higher velocities close to summitThe questions:
- Where is my magma ? The reality
- What is the volume change?
Cosa sta
combinando
questa volta?The model ! Boh, cosi simplice il modello, io non ci credo!
Oui, Ciccio, et leur longueur
Guarda Shan, i vettori
diminue quand la distance
sono allineati verso il centro
augmente!
della camera magmatica!
encore heureux!
bah, Newton non sarebbe stato
meravigliato!
Carino questo
modello, pero!dU = dUmax cos³θ
dUmax dV ~ 4 P2 dUmax
U/R = dU/dR
dU
dR
P
To be constrained
R = horizontal distance source – station
the model
requires a U θ H = vertical difference source – station
sufficient number dR = horizontal displacement
of observations R dH = vertical displacement
Θ = angle
E ora, ciascuno dUmax = maximum vertical change (on top of
the magma chamber)
dice la sua!
P = depth of the reservoir
dV = volume changeTomorrow GPS in the schools of InsegnaciEtna ?
There is already one at the IISS Benedetto Radice, Bronte (here with Ugo Modica on the roof last year)!
Low cost GPS instruments could be The Geocube light GPS
installed in several school. This might be experimented in 2017
interesting for the students and their
teachers and would make the GPS
monitoring network of Etna denser.
There are different technologies available.
Yes we can! Allora, se credi che
tua scuola vorebbe
ospitarne uno, parla
con Salvo e Ciccio Simple and light mobile GPS
system developed by INGV-OEE tutto per oggi, ciao a tutti!
Ci vediamo sull’Etna (quello
vero!) l’anno prossimo, per
InsegnaciEtna2021!You can also read
