Klystron e TWT dalla banda L alla banda W per payload spaziali - E gun e Catodi per electric propulsion R. Martorana, A. Spatola, P. Arpesi ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Klystron e TWT dalla banda L alla banda W per payload spaziali - E‐‐gun e Catodi per electric propulsion R. Martorana, A. Spatola, P. Arpesi 19 Gennaio 2016 – ASI, Roma. Primo Workshop Nazionale su “La Componentistica Nazionale per lo Spazio: Stato dell’arte, Sviluppi e Prospettive"
Table of Contents Palermo Plant – TWT & Microelectronics • History • Technology • Highlights • Heritage and Trend • Product and Technology Roadmap Space Activities • Feasibility study on pulsed Klystron for Ka-band SAR instruments • C-band Klystron Breadboard for MetOp SG SCA • Cathodes for Neutralizers
Palermo Plant – TWT & Microelectronics • History • Technology • Highlights • Heritage and Trend • Product and Technology Roadmap
History
• 1956 The Palermo Plant was established by ELSI.
• 1960 Raytheon-ELSI was founded as ELSI merged with Raytheon for the production of
vacuum electronic devices and microwave tubes (magnetrons and klystrons).
• 1975 the core business of the Palermo Plant became the design and manufacturing of
high power microwave tubes such as High Power Coupled Cavity TWT’s for Tornado,
etc….
• 1992 ALELCO S.p.A. was formed from the merging of the Microwave Tube Divisions of
Elettronica S.p.A. (Helix TWT’s) and Alenia S.p.A. (Coupled Cavity TWT’s).
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
Microelectronic business is introduced.
• 2003 the assets of ALELCO have been assigned to the new company Galileo Avionica
S.p.A
• 2009 Galileo Avionica and Selex Sensors & Airborne Systems merged into the
transnational company Selex Galileo.
• 2010 the Palermo site has been organized as a Centre of Excellence for satisfying our
Customer and being their partner for Microwave Power and Integrated Receiver and
Exciter Solutions for Radar, Security, EW&ESM Systems.
• 2013. Palermo site maintain his structure with the new Selex ES company.
• 2016. Finmeccanica “One Company”.
4
TWT Technologies and Capabilities
Key high power vacuum device technology includes: vacuum
expertise including brazing, RF induced and resistance welding;
etching and plating; manual and automated microwave high power
CW and pulsed testing; facilities for inspection, including CNC
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
contactless equipment and SEM electronic microscope.
5
Palermo Plant - Highlights
Total land:
16,000 sq meters
Production area:
5,000 sq meters
Class 10.000 clean rooms:
TWT clean rooms
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
400 sq meters
Microelectronics
600 sq meters
6
Heritage
Combat radar for Tornado
-1800 TWTs produced since the 80s
Tx in the Aster missile seeker
-1000 TWTs produced since the 2003
Captor for EF Typhoon
-500 TWTs produced since the ‘94
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
ET980 – CC TWT ET963 – CC TWT ET5515 – mini TWT
1000 TWT produced since the ‘95
Helix TWT & Microelectronics for Helix TWT & Microelectronics for
ET6404 – Helix TWT Grifo Radar
SCP01 Radar
7
New Products
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
Wide band RF and uW Hybrids
Front End
Mini TWT and MPM for
Solid State EW, UAV, Comms,
Power Radar Space Tubes and
Amplifiers Hybrids
8
Vacuum Devices - Products and Technology Roadmap
TRL 1-2
TRL 3-4
TRL 5-6
Millimeter SWS
Decreasing TRL – Increasing research effort
Anodeless elctron guns
Space qual cathodes
High efficiency SWS
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
9-10 GHz C band C band
12kW 10% 60kW 5% 25kW CW
PPM Klystron
Large CC Tubes
Ka Band Klystron
feasbility study
C band EBB Fully qualified X band and Ku band
Space Tubes Klystron production line for SAR / EOS
TRL 7-8-9 6-18 GHz 4,5-18GHz
18GHz 9-10 GHz 32 - 38 26-
26-40GHz 18-
18-40GHz
40GHz
150W
150W 125W
125W 1.5kW
1.5kW MPM GHz 100W 100W 100W
00W
4,5-18GHz
18GHz 18-
18-40GHz
40GHz
6-18 GHz
150W 125W
125W
9-10 GHz
1.5kW Mini TWTs 32 - 38
GHz 100W
26-
26-40GHz
40GHz
100W
00W 100W
00W
TWT
9
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Space Activities
• Feasibility study on pulsed Klystron for Ka-band SAR
instruments
• C-band Klystron Breadboard for MetOp SG SCA
• Cathodes for Neutralizers
10Activities for Space
Finmeccanica TWT capabilities can be successfully exploited for the
Space business. For this reason in the last four years several
ventures have been undertaken also with the support of the ESA
and Airbus.
• Feasibility study on pulsed Klystron for Ka-band SAR Instruments
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
• C-band Klystron Breadboard for MetOp SG SCA
• Cathodes for Neutralizers
11Feasibility Study on pulsed Klystron for
Ka-band SAR Instruments
Supported by ESA
12Ka-band Klystron – the Feasibility Study
An ESA internal study on the feasibility of a Ka-band SAR instrument and interferometer
has pointed to the need of a Ka-band High Power Amplifier (HPA) with capabilities
beyond what is currently available on the market.
ESA is currently investigating with Industry the feasibility of Ka-band SAR missions for
which a pulsed Ka-band High Power Amplifier is required.
Within this framework and contracted by ESA, Finmeccanica TWT team has successfully
completed a feasibility study for a High power HPA inclusive of the vacuum tube with the
characteristics summarized in the following table.
Parameter Unit Range/Limit
Operating Frequency Range GHz 35.75
Operating Bandwidth MHz ≥350
Transmitted Peak Power W 3500
Duty Cycle % 13
In Orbit lifetime ≥ 5 years
© 2014 Finmeccanica Ltd – All rights reserved
13Ka-band Klystron – Conclusions
The Feasibility Study has shown that the vacuum tube technology can achieve the
required performance in terms of peak power and bandwidth but, currently, no existing
space qualified EIK is available, achieving the challenging Ka-band SAR requirements
no technological showstopper prevent the development of a new
Ka band pulsed vacuum tube.
the development of a new vacuum tube is needed in order to develop
a space high power amplifier for this application.
Moreover, since no European product is available for the purpose, either space or
avionic/ground, export restrictions may be an issue,
the opportunity to develop a fully European device for such
application has been looked at, as a further objective.
© 2014 Finmeccanica Ltd – All rights reserved
14C-band Klystron Breadboard for MetOp SG SCA and
Cathode life test
Supported by ESA / Airbus
15C-band Klystron – Introduction
• Radar based instruments are essential for Earth Observation purposes.
• The key issue relevant to the EO Radars is the availability of vacuum tube amplifiers
delivering several kW output power.
• A pre-development of a C-band klystron is presently running at Finmeccanica in
Palermo, Italy, focused on the MetOp Second Generation Scatterometer, under ESA
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
contract, aiming to an all-European device.
• Main characteristics and design requirements:
1. Carrier frequency 5.3 GHz
2. Peak Power 2 kW ÷ 3 kW
3. Duty cycle 1% ÷ 7%
• The development plan includes a cathode life test for the verification of the extended
lifetime requirements.
16C-band Klystron – Design and Development (1/2)
• The running development is grounded on the Finmeccanica space projects heritage and
production tubes line established in 1950 with technologies well proven in the military
environment.
• Objective = TRL 5
• Klystron Breadboard (BB) has been completed to demonstrate the RF peak performances
verification at low duty cycle, an EBB (Elegant BB) will follow (Q1-2016) for electrical
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
performances verification at full duty cycle and over qualification temperature range.
• The BB constructional features are representative of the flight model for the: Electron gun,
the RF structure and the Magnetic focusing structure.
17C-band Klystron – Design and Development (2/2)
• The vacuum tube has been manufactured, assembled and tested and the results have
confirmed that the Finmeccanica technology meets the RF performance at low duty
cycle. A multipactor analysis has been carried out resulting in more than 8 dB margin.
LIMIT-VALUES
SYMB. PARAMETER UNITS MEASURES
MIN MAX
F Operating Frequency 5354 5356 MHz 5355
DC Duty Cycle 1% 1% 1%
Po Peak Output Power 2.2 2.8 kW 3.334
ΔPo Output Power Variation over --- 0.2 dB 0.2
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
frequency range
HOR Harmonics (up to 5th) --- -20 dBc -20
S Spurious --- -50 dBc -50
PW Pulse Length 1.15 1.15 msec 0.575
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency 8.7 8.7 Hz 8.7
Pin RF input power 28 34 dBm 29.3
VSWR Source and Load VSWR --- 1.25:1 1.25:1
ηe Electronic efficiency 30% --- 32.6%
ηtot Tube efficiency 40% --- 41%
• An EBB (Elegant BB) Model designed for electrical performances verification at full duty
cycle and over qualification temperature range shall be finalized by the first quarter 2016.
18C-band Klystron – The Way forward to Space
• In February 2016 the EBB shall be finalized. Should the METOP SG SCA be continued
based on the Finmeccanica Klystron solution a set of EMs shall be implemented
• Purpose of the EMs will be to demonstrate the required RF and electrical performances in
the space environment, see the table. The EMs (3 off) will be representative in Form, Fit,
and Functions of the flight klystron and made with commercial parts
TEST EM1 EM2 EM3
Dimensional X X X
Electrical X X X
Vibration X
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
Mechanical Shock X
Hot/Cold temperature X X
Thermal Vacuum X
Temperature mapping (operating) X
Temperature mapping (overduty) X
External discharges (corona) X
Life Test X
• The EQM, PFM and Flight Models of the program shall follow as summarized in the table
herein after.
Deliverable METOP SCA Master Plan
• A cathode life test is being implemented in Phase
order to demonstrate that proprietary EM * B2 03/02/2017
EQM C 16/11/2017
Finmeccanica cathode technology is suitable PFM/FM1 D 26/07/2018
for Space operational requirement. FM2 D 10/01/2019
FM3 D 27/06/2019
FM4 D 12/12/2019
FM5 D 28/05/2020
FM6 D 12/11/2020
19
FM spare D 29/04/2021Cathode Life Test and the C-band Klystron
• The Cathode life test is a program running at Finmeccanica Palermo premises under
Airbus/ESA contract, with the purpose to demonstrate the accelerated life test and that
Finmeccanica cathode technology is suitable for the space application and to verify the life
of the cathode that will be assembled on the klystron for the application in the MetOp
instrument.
• The activities comprise the manufacturing 7 diodes, named Life Test Vehicles (LTV)
employing the expected cathode geometry designed for the Klystron and operated at the
required current density.
• The LTV’s performance will be assessed for different cathode temperatures that will be set
at the beginning of life:
• 3 LTV’s will be tested at nominal cathode temperature
• 2 LTV’s at 40°C more than the nominal temperature
• 2 LTV’s at 80°C more than the nominal temperature
• All the LTV’s will be ran with “heater on” only.
• On monthly basis their performance will be recorded.
© 2014 Finmeccanica Ltd – All rights reserved
20Cathode Life Test Status
• LTVs began the test in October.
• By April 2016 the first results will demonstrate the expected life (as a first evaluation)
• Every six months further improved predictions will be available.
• The test will be completed by July 2017 and will demonstrate the accelerated life of 7.5
years mission requirement for the MetOp SG
© 2014 Finmeccanica Ltd – All rights reserved
21C-band Klystron – Conclusions
• Radar based instruments are essential for Earth Observation purposes, availability of
vacuum tube amplifiers delivering kW output power is a key issue relevant to the Radar.
• A C-band klystron for the Windscatterometer Instrument for MetOp Second Generation is
under development at Finmeccanica, under ESA contract.
• A representative Breadboard (BB) has been completed and the electrical test results
have shown excellent results, demonstrating that the design and technology selected
and available in Finmeccanica can meet the required performances.
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
Way forward…
• The development plan includes a cathode life test, currently running, for the verification
of the extended lifetime requirements.
• The present development will be shortly completed with an EBB, fully representative of
the flight model. This will allow to achieve a TRL 5.
• Should the METOP SG SCA be continued based on the Finmeccanica Klystron solution
a set of EMs shall be implemented to be available in 1 year. Purpose of the EMs will be
to demonstrate the required RF and electrical performances in the space environment.
• The EQM shall be available by the Q4’17 and the PFM by the Q3’18 in accordance to
the METOP program master plan currently available.
22Cathodes for Neutralizers
Self funded
23CATHODES Technologies
• The cathode technology available at Finmeccanica and presently being qualified for
Space operation has been implemented for application as E-gun in the Electron tubes
but this asset can be also exploited for providing Electric Propulsion (EP) systems with
Cathode / Neutralizer.
• The EP is becoming a key solution for the management of the orbit for LEO/GEO
payloads especially if mini and micro satellite are considered and with respect to
conventional propulsion systems.
• The Cathode/Neutralizer is a “key” component of an Electric Propulsion (EP) System,
and can significantly affect the performances and reliability of the whole EP system.
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
• Finmeccanica, Florence team, has accumulated a remarkable heritage on the Ion
Thruster installed on ARTEMIS satellite using cathode procured from the US, the future
developments in the field are based on the proprietary cathode developed in the Palermo
plant.
24Conclusions
Finmeccanica Vacuum Tubes capabilities are being successfully exploited in
the Space field and several new developments are foreseen.
• The C-band Klystron for MetOp SG SCA phase B and C development
and supply of the items for the flight units.
• The Cathode life test is running in order to demonstrate 7.5 years
operating life for satisfying the MetOp SG requirements.
© 2014 Finmeccanica S.p.A. All rights reserved
• Development of pulsed Klystron for Ka-band SAR instruments that the
ESA is going to implement in the near term.
• Cathodes for Neutralizers for the ESA programs and other foreign
entities.
Other opportunities might include the “space upgrading” of existing Helix
TWTs for:
- L / C / X band SAR Earth Observation systems for LEO satellites;
- Ku / Ka / W band for communication satellites;
To be intended for different applications by several Countries.
25THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Pier Giorgio Arpesi Time & Frequency - Space Platforms & Robotics - Airborne and Space Systems Division piergiorgio.arpesi@finmeccanica.com Antonio Spatola Sales – TWT & Microwave – Airborne and Space Systems Division antonio.spatola@finmeccanica.com (mob.) +39 3357147793 (tel.) +39 0916482949 Via Villagrazia 79, – Palermo – 90125 – Italy
You can also read
