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Long Island
Horticulture
Resource
Guide
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Suffolk County
www.ccesuffolk.org
Table of Contents - 2019 Edition Lime and Adjusting pH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98-101
Mulch & Sod Coverage Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Sponsor Listings Amount of Growing Media for Containers. . . . . . . . . . . 102
Thank You to All Our Sponsors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Irrigation Abbreviations and
Listing by Company Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103-105
Listing by Product / Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Fertilizer Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Essential Plant Nutrients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-116
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-120
& Other Helpful Contacts Meteorological Extremes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Cornell Cooperative Extension Contact Information. . . 5-6
Pesticide Emergency Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Plant Lists
NYS DEC Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Plant Award Winners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-28
Extension Educators Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130-131 Cross Reference for Common Names:
Professional Horticulture Associations/Programs. 132-135 Herbaceous & Woody Ornamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . 28-35
Gardens and Arboretums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136-137 Dioecious Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NY State Agency Contact Information. . . . . . . . . . 138-140 Invasive Plants & Alternatives to
Invasive Ornamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-52
Laws & Regulations Affecting Suffolk County Do Not Sell List & Watch List . . . . . . 39-42
the Horticulture Industry NYS Prohibited & Regulated Invasive Spp. lists. . . . . . . 49
NYS Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106-109 Exempt cultivars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
County Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-111 Plants that Attract Birds and Butterflies. . . . . . . . . . . 53-54
Plants that Support Native Bees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Pesticide Applicator Information Plants that are Deer Tolerant/Resistant. . . . . . . . . . . 55-56
Calibration Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Plants Suitable for a Dry Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-57
Growing Degree Days for Plants Suitable for a Coastal Location. . . . . . . . . . . . 59-60
Insect & Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Plants Suitable for a Shaded Location . . . . . . . . . . . 61-62
Personal Protective Equipment - Gloves. . . . . . . . 123-124 Recommended Street Trees for Long Island. . . . . . . 63-64
Requirements for Service Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Trees to be Cautious of for Fall Transplanting. . . . . . . . . 78
NYS DEC Pesticide Reporting, Applicator, Plants Suitable for a Wet Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78-79
& Product Info. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126-128
Long Island Native Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-84
Transplanting & Plant Health Care Information Perennials for Cut Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Tips for Balled & Burlapped, Grey-leafed Perennials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Bare-root, & Containerized Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 Long-blooming Perennials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Tree Support Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Perennials - Flowering Month by Month . . . . . . . . . . 87-91
Selecting Quality Plant Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12 Plants that are Rabbit Resistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Planting Hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Perennials that are Known For Fragrance. . . . . . . . . . . . 92
ANLA Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14 Plants for Ground Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Pruning Times and Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-25 Summer Flowering Woody Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Cold Hardiness & Heat Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 pH Requirements for Common
Assuring Holly Berries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Ornamental Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94-97
Cornell Cooperative Extension Who To Contact for Questions and Diagnoses*
Building Strong and Vibrant New York Communities In Suffolk County - www.ccesuffolk.org
Extension Specialists for Nursery and Landscape
The Cornell University Cooperative Extension educational system
enables people to improve their lives and communities through Nora Catlin, Agriculture Program Director / Floriculture Specialist
partnerships that put experience and research knowledge to work. njc23@cornell.edu • 631-727-7850 x214
Margery Daughtrey, Ornamental Pathology
Cornell Cooperative Extension... mld9@cornell.edu • 631-727-3595
• builds partnerships and coalitions with individuals,
communities, organizations, government agencies, and Dan Gilrein, Assoc. Agriculture Program Director / Ornamental
businesses around issues of mutual concern; Entomology
• develops local leaders who use CCE knowledge to inform dog1@cornell.edu • 631-727-3595
decisions; Andy Senesac, Weed Science
• promotes youth development through 4-H clubs and other afs2@cornell.edu • 631-727-3595
experiences;
Mina Vescera, Nursery / Landscape Specialist
• strives to help participants make informed choices using the
mv365@cornell.edu
best knowledge available;
office: 631-727-7850 x213 • cell: 631-603-9613
• connects learners with educational resources found in locations
throughout the world; Tamson Yeh, Turf/Land Manager Specialist
• consults with individuals and groups on multiple topics; tsy3@cornell.edu • 631-727-7850 x240
• provides numerous types of resources. *A complete directory of Suffolk County Agriculture Staff
starts on page 127.
Cornell Cooperative Extension is a
partnership involving... In Nassau County - www.ccenassau.org
• 56 Extension Associations throughout New York State; Cornell Cooperative Extension of Nassau County
• Faculty and staff in Cornell’s New York State Colleges of Horticulture Center
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Human Ecology, and Veterinary
Medicine; Vincent Drzewucki, Resource Educator
vad37@cornell.edu • 516-565-5265 x10
• 50,000 volunteers participating in both program and
organizational leadership; Jennifer R. Cappello-Ruggiero, Community Educator
• 111 land-grant institutions across the United States and jrc439@cornell.edu • 516-565-5265 x14
territories;
Demonstration & Community Gardens at East Meadow Farm
• statewide and community agencies, organizations, and 832 Merrick Avenue, East Meadow, NY 11554
businesses;
• New York State’s people. Garden Helpline: 516-565-5265 x7
Cover photo: Willows ready for shipping in spring.
Cornell Cooperative Extension is an employer and educator recognized
for valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities
Suffolk County CCE Nursery and Landscape
and provides equal program and employment opportunities. Program Website
Cornell Cooperative Extension is funded in part by Suffolk County Useful information for nursery growers and landscape
through the office of the County Executive and the County Legislature. professionals is available on the CCE Website at . You'll learn about the latest hort
news, upcoming conferences, and current projects.
4 5Pesticide Emergency Numbers
Pesticide Spills and Accidents:
CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300
Horticulture Pesticide & Information Emergencies
National Pesticide Information Center, 800-858-7378
Hours for the Information Center, M-F, 11 AM - 3 PM
Diagnostic http://npic.orst.edu
npic@ace.orst.edu
Lab Report Oil & Hazardous Material Spills
NYS-DEC, 800-457-7362 (in NYS)
518-457-7362 (outside NYS)
Horticulture Consulting and Recommendations
Information on Symptoms & Treatment:
Plant problems and disease diagnoses Long Island Regional Poison & Drug Info Center
Insect identification Winthrop University Hospital
259 1st St.
Tick identification Mineola, NY 11501
Soil pH testing Emergency - 800-222-1222
Information - 516-663-2650
R
EASTERN
Agricultural Nurse Program
New York Center for Agricultural Medicine & Health
Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County 800-343-7527
423 Griffing Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901
Mon-Fri 9AM-4:30PM
Phone calls: 9AM – Noon
Tel: 631-727-4126 • Fax: 631-727-7130
WESTERN
Bayard Cutting Arboretum
Montauk Highway, Great River, NY 11739
Tel: 631-581-4223 Country Gardens Nursery –
Phone Calls: 8:45AM – 11:45AM • 1PM – 4PM Wholesale Nursery Grower
www.countrygardensnursery.com
Sample Drop-off: 10AM – 4:30PM
Thursday & Friday (631) 325-1522
April through October Long Island Natives –
Largest Source for Native
R
For instructions, including costs for
Plants on Long Island
www.longislandnatives.com
(631) 801-2855
submitting samples to the diagnostic labs,
220 Old Country Road
visit our website at www.ccesuffolk.org Eastport, NY 11941
6 7Planting Tips Fill the hole halfway with soil and water thoroughly to settle the
soil around the roots. After the water drains, completely fill in with
Balled & Burlapped Plants soil and water again. Modifying the backfill with amendments is
Excavate soil on top of the root ball to expose root flare. Then not recommended as establishment problems can occur if the soil
dig the planting hole only deep enough so the root flare will be at textural differences are great. If the soil is poor, modify a larger
ground level. It is better to plant shallower then deeper as long as planting area rather than just the planting hole.
the top of the ball and roots are protected with a mulch.
Mulch the top of the planting hole with 2-3 inches of material. Do not
Dig the planting hole 2 – 3 times as wide as the ball. mulch too thickly and pull the mulch away from the base of the plant.
Do not disturb the bottom of the hole. The plant should be placed
on a solid base so it won’t settle from its own weight resulting in Containerized Plants
deep planting. Digging deeper will not improve drainage. Remove the plant from the container.
Untie the rope from around the trunk and remove. Do not plant root bound plants.
Remove the burlap especially if it is plastic or treated to delay Don’t plant too deeply! The root flare should be at ground level.
rotting. Untreated degradable burlap could be left on but it is Slice the sides of the root mass in several areas from top to
better to remove completely if the soil ball will stay intact. If left on, bottom to reduce circling roots. Tease the roots away from the
be sure to loosen the top and fold over or cut off so it will not be media. Any media that falls can be mixed with the backfill to aid in
exposed to the air. the transition from the organic container media and soil.
Wire baskets should be removed when possible. At a minimum, Fill the hole halfway with soil and water thoroughly to settle the
the top of the basket should be bent back away from the trunk or soil around the roots. After the water drains, completely fill in with
cut away with bolt cutters. soil and water again.
Mulch with 2-3 inches of material. Do not mulch too thickly and
pull the mulch away from the base of the plant.
Post Planting Care
Mulch around plants to protect the root system and conserve soil
moisture. Do not plant grass around the root system. Mulched
plants develop more roots and establish quicker than those with
grass planted up to the trunk.
Pruning at the time of planting should be limited to removing such
things as broken branches and diseased wood. Removing too
many live branches can delay establishment and growth.
Trunk wrapping, which is often done to newly transplanted
trees to protect from sun scald, has been found to increase the
incidence of certain borers such as dogwood borer and ash borer.
Eggs are inserted under the wrapping, which protects the eggs
and larva, thereby increasing survival. Also, canker diseases
might develop if moisture builds up between the trunk and the
wrapping. If used, trunk wraps should only be used during the
season you are trying to protect the trunk and then removed.
Always wrap from the bottom up and loosen accordingly as the
trunk grows in girth.
Drawing by Marcia Eames-Sheavly, The Cornell Guide for Planting & Maintaining Trees &
Shrubs. 2005. Glood, G.L. & Weir, R. III. Cornell Cooperative Extension. Inf. BHN 24. Water new transplants carefully so the soil around the roots does
8 9not dry out. Recommendations on the frequency and amount
of water cannot be made as such things as environmental
Selecting Quality
conditions, soil texture, plant size, etc. determine it. Water will Plant Material
initially be removed from the soil or container ball since this is
the area where intact roots exist. As new roots develop and grow • Always do business with reliable and knowledgeable nurseries.
outside the ball, increase the area watered. Use a soil probe to Select those using the American Standard for Nursery Stock
remove a core of soil from the backfill and soil ball to determine developed by the American Nursery/Landscape Association.
soil moisture in the root zone. Do not water based solely on the Certification programs are available which acknowledge those
moisture of the soil surface. individuals that have shown an understanding of horticultural
principles.
Wound dressings and tree paints have not been shown to
reduce or prevent decay. • Plants grown nearby should be cold hardy. Plants can be
purchased from areas of warmer hardiness zones provided
Tree Support Systems the plants were started from genetically hardy plants. Plants
Recently transplanted trees may require supplemental support purchased from warmer areas should have adequate time to
in the form of staking, guying, or root ball anchoring. These acclimate to local conditions before the onset of colder weather.
tree support systems are intended to hold the tree in an upright • Purchase plants from several sources and follow their
position and limit movement of the root ball until new roots performance. Establishment and growth should be recorded to
adequately anchor the tree in the soil. determine any differences that may be caused from production
and/or post harvest handling.
However, tree support systems should only be used when
necessary. A staked or guyed tree is more prone to trunk girdling • Plants should be free of disease problems, insect and weed
and abrasion and trunk breakage than a tree that is not staked or infestations, mechanical damage, and cankers.
guyed. In addition, stakes or guys that are too rigid or are left on • Plants should be pruned properly so they have acceptable form
more than one growing season can limit a tree’s ability to support and branch structure for species.
its own weight. Tree support systems also increase installation • Well developed callus at pruning wounds is a good indicator of
and maintenance costs. plant health.
Conditions that may necessitate the installation of a tree support • Root systems should be kept moist following harvesting.
system are: very windy planting locations, heavy foot or vehicular • The base of the trunk should be free of girdling roots.
traffic near planting locations, very large planting material, or late • Plants should have adequate twig growth for several years
fall planting of evergreens. prior to harvesting.
If a tree support system is installed on a new transplant, there are
a few basic guidelines to follow: Bare-root plants
• Bare-root material should remain dormant and root systems
• Stakes or guys should always be installed low on the trunk to kept moist and protected from desiccation.
allow upper movement of the branches. Support systems that • Plant bare-root material as soon as possible.
are too rigid will not allow the tree to develop proper taper.
• Root system should be adequately developed for species and
• The tie material should be flat, wide, smooth, and somewhat age.
flexible. Hose-covered wire is NOT a good tie material because
it causes trunk girdling. One good alternative is polypropylene • Avoid or discard inferior plants.
fabric ties which can be found in garden supply stores.
• The tree support system should be routinely inspected to
Balled & Burlapped plants
make sure that it is fully intact and not causing any girdling or • Trunk of plant should be within 10% of the center of the ball.
abrasion. • Ball size should be appropriate for species and plant size.
• In most cases, the stakes or guys can be removed after one • Root flare should be at the surface of the ball.
growing season. Because they are buried and do not go • Soil ball should be well shaped and intact.
around the trunk, root ball anchoring systems can be left on
indefinitely.
10 11• Most tree species should have a well developed central leader
at nursery sizes.
Common ANLA Standards
To purchase a copy of American Standard for Nursery Stock,
Containerized plants ANSI Z60.1-2004, contact: AmericanHort.org, email: hello@
• Root system should be well developed and hold the root ball americanhort.org, phone: 202-789-2900
together when removed from the container.
• Plants that are pot-bound or have girdling roots should be
avoided. Recommended Balling and Burlapping
• Plants should be the appropriate size for the container. Specifications for Four General Types of Plants
Spreading Conifer and Broadleaved Evergreens
Spread (ft) Diam. (in)
Planting Hedges 1.5
2
14
16
2.5 18
Mature plant size and spacing: 3.5 26
Small formal: 6”- 12” 4 28
Small informal: 1-3 feet 5 36
Medium: 3-4 feet 6 40
Large: 6-8 feet 7 46
8 52
12” Pyramidal and Broad Upright Conifers and Broad-leaved Evergreens
Height (ft) Diam. (in)
12” 1.5 12
2 14
3 18
Staggering plants in a double row is desirable for a thick hedge. 4 20
5 22
6 24
7 26
8 28
9 32
Columnar Conifers and Broad-leaved Evergreens
Height (ft) Diam. (in)
Area Covered by 100 1.5 9
2 11
Ground Cover Plants 3 14
4 16
Planting Distance (inches) Area Covered (sq. feet) 5 18
6 25 6 20
12 100 7 22
18 225 8 24
24 400 9 26
30 625
36 900
48 1600
60 2500
Example: 100 plants will cover 25 sq. ft. if spaced 6 inches apart
12 13Standard Shade Trees
Caliper (in) Diam. (in) Pruning Times and Techniques
1.5 20
2 24
General Pruning Tips
2.5 28 • Never remove > 25% of the live crown of a tree in a single year
3 32 • Prune to accentuate the natural form of the plant
3.5 38 • Removing flower buds enhances vegetative growth
4 42
4.5 48 • Plants that bloom on previous season’s wood should be pruned
5 54 directly after bloom to maximize flowering
6 60 • Young, vigorous plants need more frequent pruning than older,
7 70 slow-growing plants
8 80
• Plants should be pruned only when a clear objective is
established
Measuring Tree Caliper • Hedge trimmers should only be used for annual pruning of thin-
stemmed hedges. Even when done well, this will cause a thick
• Take measurement 6” above ground for caliper up to 4” in profusion of twigs around the perimeter of the plant. Hedges
diameter. will be healthier and more natural-looking when maintained
with hand pruners
• Take measurement 12” above ground if caliper is over 4” in
• Topping trees is strongly discouraged due to its severe impact
diameter.
on the health of the tree and undesirable aesthetic result
• Always remove the least amount of live branches necessary to
accomplish the pruning objective.
Approximate Weight of B&B Plants
Late Winter (before bud break)
Ball Size (in) Weight (lbs) Avg. Number per 45-ft trailer • Train young shade trees planted the year before by selecting
24 200 130
28 350 115 scaffold branches
32 500 80 • Rejuvenate evergreen and deciduous shrubs and hedges
36 800 45-50 • Best time to annually prune most vines
40 1100 25-30
44 1600 20-25
• Thin mature trees if necessary
50 2000 15-20 Spring (bud break & shoot elongation)
These figures are intended as a guide only and will vary between • Best not to prune any live material on woody plants at this time
varieties, weather conditions, and time of year. due to translocation of carbohydrates and growth hormones to
growing points
• Limit pruning to damaged or dead wood.
Ball Diameter/Depth Ratios for B&B Plants
Summer (new shoots reach full growth and
Diameter of Ball (in) Depth of Ball become woody)
< 20 Not less than 65% of diameter • Shape and thin mature trees if necessary after spring growth
≥ 20 Not less than 60% of diameter flush
• Address the tree crown interior to remove overly-shaded,
crisscrossed, or weak branches
• Alternate time to rejuvenate hedges
• For more compact growth, pinch out one half of the new growth
of pines, spruces, and firs
14 15Late Fall (after several hard frosts) Hardiness and Heat Zones
• Clip away excess ivy growth on building walls and around
windows Long Island ranges in its cold hardiness from zone 6b (Pine
• Alternate time to perform major pruning Barrens region) to 7a (majority of Long Island), and is in heat zone
4, except the North and South Forks are heat zone 3.
Winter (after hard freezes; plants truly dormant)
• Thin crowns of mature trees if necessary
• Clip hedges to retain clean lines
USDA Cold Hardiness Zones
Zone Average Annual
Minimum Temperature (F)
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Below -50
2a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45 to -50
2b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40 to -45
3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -35 to -40
3b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -30 to -35
4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25 to -30
4b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 to -25
5a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 to -20
5b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 to -15
6a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 to -10
6b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to -5
7a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 to 0
7b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 to 5
8a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 to 10
8b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 15
9a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 to 20
9b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 to 25
10a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 to 30
10b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 to 35
11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 and above
AHS Heat Zones
Zone Average Annual Number
of Days above 86°F
LONG ISLAND ARBORICULTURAL
LIAA Long Island Arboricultural Association
ASSOCIATION, INC.
A not-for-profit, educational and scientific organization
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Below 1
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Promoting Better Appreciation and Care of 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Education
Shade for on
Trees and Shrubs theLong
appreciation
Island
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-30
and care
Deborah Greenof --trees and shrubs
President 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-45
PO Box 565, Farmingdale, NY 11735 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-60
Join us the second Tuesday of every Month
516-454-6550 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-90
for our educational
www.longislandarborists.org meeting.
• info@longislandarborists.org 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91-120
For more information
A not-for-profit, visitscientific
educational and www.longislandarborists.org
organization
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-150
or you can contact us at info@longislandarborists.org or 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151-180
11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180-210
631-415-4535 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Above 210
16 17Shrub Pruning Calendar
Comments:
Table from Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2001 1. Flowers produced on new (current season) wood
Key: 2. Flowers produced on wood from past season, dormant pruning
• = Best time to prune will reduce flowers
× = Do not prune except to remove damage, hazards, or 3. Make pruning cuts well below diseased wood (fire blight)
structural defects 4. Remove old stems to ground yearly to renew
Blank = Timing is not critical 5. Midseason shear if a formal hedge is desired
D = Deciduous 6. Do not cut into old wood that has no leaves or needles
E = Evergreen 7. Spring/summer prune to remove azalea caterpillars and galls
8. Fall/early winter pruning can reduce winter hardiness
9. Trim candles (new growth) in half when needles are 1/2 to 2/3
their normal length
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Abelia • • × × × × × × × × • • 1,4
Arborvitae • • • • • × × × × × 6
Aucuba × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Azalea, D × × × × • • • × × × × × 2
Azalea, E × × × × • • • × × × × × 2,7
Bayberry × × × × • • • × × × × ×
Beautyberry • • • × × × × × × × • • 1
Beautybush
(Kolkwitzia) × × × × × • • × × × × × 2,4
Boxwood • • • • • • • × × × • • 5
Broom (Cytisus) × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Camellia, Japanese × × × • • • × × × × × × 2
Camellia, Sasanqua × × • • • × × × × × × × 1
Cherrylaurel • • • • • • • × × × • • 5
Clethra • • • × × × × × × × • • 1
Cotoneaster • • × × × × × × × × • • 3
Crape Myrtle • • • × × × × × × 1,8
Daphne × × × • • • • × × × × × 2
Dogwood • • • × × × × × × × • • 1,4
Forsythia × × × • • • • × × × × × 2,4
Fothergilla × × × × • • • × × × × × 2
Gardenia • • × × × × × × × × • • 1
Hibiscus,
Rose of Sharon • • • × × × × × × × • • 1
Holly, D • • × × × × × × × × × • 1
18 19Table from Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2001 Comments:
(cont'd.) 1. Flowers produced on new (current season) wood
2. Flowers produced on wood from past season, dormant pruning
Key: will reduce flowers
• = Best time to prune 3. Make pruning cuts well below diseased wood (fire blight)
× = Do not prune except to remove damage, hazards, or 4. Remove old stems to ground yearly to renew
structural defects 5. Midseason shear if a formal hedge is desired
Blank = Timing is not critical 6. Do not cut into old wood that has no leaves or needles
D = Deciduous 7. Spring/summer prune to remove azalea caterpillars and galls
E = Evergreen 8. Fall/early winter pruning can reduce winter hardiness
9. Trim candles (new growth) in half when needles are 1/2 to 2/3
their normal length
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Holly, E × × × × × • • × × × × × 2,5
Hydrangea,
spring bloom × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Hydrangea,
summer bloom • • • × × × × × × × × × 1
Hypericum • • • × × × × × × × × × 1
Indian Hawthorn × × × × • • • × × × × × 2
Juniper • • • × × × • • 6
Leucothoe × × × × × • • × × × × × 4
Lilac × × × × × • • × × × × × 2,4
Mountain laurel × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Nandina • • • × × × × × × × × × 1,4
Osmanthus • • • × × × × • • 1,5
Pearlbush × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Photinia • • • • • × × × • • 5
Pieris × × × × • • • × × × × × 2
Pine, Mugo • × × • • • × × × × × •
Pittosporum × • • • • × × × × × × × 9
Potentilla • • • × × × × × × • • • 1,4
Pyracantha × × × × × • • × × × × × 2,3
Quince × × × • • • • × × × × × 2,4
Rhododendron × × × × × • • × × × × × 2
Rose × • • × × × • • × × × × 1,3,4
Serviceberry × × × • • • × × × × × ×
Smoke Tree • • × × × × × × × × • • 1
Sumac • • • × × × × • • • • • 1,4
Sweetshrub × × × × × × • • × × × × 1
Viburnum, D × × × × • • • × × × × × 2,4
Viburnum, E × × × × • • × × × × × × 2
Weigela × × × × • • • × × × × × 2,4
Willow, Pussy × × × • • • • × × × × × 2
Witchhazel × × × • • • • × × × × × 2
Yew • • • • • • × × × • • 5
20 21Deciduous Tree Pruning Calendar
Comments
Table from Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009 1. Avoid pruning in late winter/early spring due to sap flow (more
cosmetic than detrimental)
Legend: 2. Avoid pruning from spring through summer due to insect or disease
* = Best time to prune problems
x = Do not prune except to correct damage, 3. Avoid pruning from October - December due to reduced cold
hazards, or structural defects hardiness
- = Timing is not critical 4. Avoid pruning after July because flower buds have set
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Ailanthus - - - - - - - - - - - -
Alder * * - - - - - - - - * *
Ash - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bald Cypress - - - - - - - - - - - -
Beech - - - - - - * * * - - -
Birch * x x x x x x - - - * * 1,2
Buckeye x x x x * * * x x x x x 4
Catalpa - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cherry, Flowering x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Chestnut, Chinese - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crabapple x x x x * * * x x x x x 4
Crape Myrtle * * * x x x - - - x x x 3
Dogwood x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Elm x x x x x x - - - * * * 1,2
Fringe Tree x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Ginko - - - - - - - - - - - -
Goldenraintree - - - x x x x x - * * *
Hackberry - - - - - - - x x - - - 2
Hawthorn x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Hickory - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honeylocust - - - - - - - - * * - -
Horsechestnut x x x x * * * x x x x x 4
Katsura - - - - - - - - - - - -
Linden - - - x x x x * * * - -
Magnolia x x x x * * * x x x x x 4
Maple x x x x * * * x x - * * 1,2
Mimosa - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mountain Ash - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mulberry - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nyssa, Black Gum - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oak - - x x x x x x - - * * 2
Peach, Flowering x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Pear, Flowering x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
22 23Deciduous Tree Pruning Calendar (cont'd.) Comments
Table from Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009 1. Avoid pruning in late winter/early spring due to sap flow (more
cosmetic than detrimental)
Legend: 2. Avoid pruning from spring through summer due to insect or disease
* = Best time to prune problems
x = Do not prune except to correct damage, 3. Avoid pruning from October - December due to reduced cold
hazards, or structural defects hardiness
- = Timing is not critical 4. Avoid pruning after July because flower buds have set
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Plum, Flowering
and Purple x x x x x * * x x x x x 4
Poplar - x x x - - - - - * * * 1
Redbud x x x x * * * x x x x x 2,4
Serviceberry x x x x * * * x x x x x 4
Sophora - - - x x x x - - * * *
Sourwood - - x x x x x - - * * *
Stewartia * - - - - x x x - - - *
Sweetgum - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sycamore, Plane - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tuliptree - - - - - - - - - - - -
Willow - x x x - - - - - - - - 1
Zelkova - - - - - - - - - - - -
Warner Nursery
2674 Sound Ave, Baiting Hollow, NY 11933
Tel: (631) 727-1336 • Fax: (631) 727-4323
warnernursery@optonline.net
Jim Warner
24 25Plant Award Winners 2011 Baptisia australis
Carpinus betulus ‘Frans Fontaine’
The Gold Medal Plant Program - Cornus mas ‘Golden Glory’
Growing a greener Long Island since 1999 Sedum spurium ‘John Creech’
2010 Magnolia ‘Galaxy’
The Long Island Gold Medal Plant Program began in 1999 and is
Lonicera sempervirens
administered by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County. The Styrax japonicus ‘Emerald Pagoda’
mission of the Gold Medal Plant Program is to identify and promote Salvia nemorosa ‘Caradonna’
exceptional ornamental plants that will thrive in the Long Island home 2009 Parrotia persica
landscape.Increased public education and awareness of sustainable plant Phlox stolonifera
selections are the main goals of the Program. Aesculus parviflora
Carex ‘Ice Dance’
Four award-winning plants are selected each year, which may be trees, 2008 Clematis montana var. rubens
shrubs, perennials, vines, ground covers, grasses, or annuals. Visit www. Syringa reticulata ‘Ivory Silk’
ccesuffolk.org to see descriptions of all the award-winning plants. Gold Viburnum x burkwoodii ‘Conoy’
Medal Plant Winners are identified by the Plant Selection Committee, Geranium x cantabrigiense ‘Biokovo’
which is a volunteer group of horticulture professionals. If you would like 2007 Sciadopitys verticillata
more information, please contact Vincent Simeone at Skimmia japonica
VASimeone@aol.com. Abelia grandiflora ‘Rose Creek’
Panicum virgatum ‘Heavy Metal’
The Gold Medal Plant Awards: 2006 Hibiscus syriacus ‘Diana’
2019 Deutzia gracilis Ilex pedunculosa
Chamaecyparis thyoides 'Red Star' Rosa ‘Radyod’
Alchemilla mollis Stachys byzantina ‘Helene Von Stein’
Heptacodium miconioides 2005 Hydrangea quercifolia
2018 Betula nigra 'Little King' Picea orientalis
Taxodium distichum Prunus ‘Hally Jolivette’
Polygonatum odoratum 'Variegatum' Waldsteinia ternata
Viburnum nudum 'Winterthur' & 'Brandywine 2004 Hypericum frondosum ‘Sunburst’
2017 Nyssa sylvatica Sorbus alnifolia
Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Goshiki' Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis
Catharanthus roseus Leucanthemum x superbum ‘Becky’
Wisteria frutescens 'Amethyst Falls' 2003 Clethra alnifolia ‘Compacta’
2016 Begonia x benariensis (Whopper® and Big® Begonias) Daphne x transatlantica ‘Jim’s Pride’ (Daphne caucasica)
Pinus flexilis blue cultivars Heuchera villosa ‘Autumn Bride’
Paeonia Itoh series Thuja plicata
Cleome x Senorita Rosalita® 2002 Ceratostigma plumbaginoides
2015 Coreopsis x 'Full Moon' Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris
Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight' Malus ‘Sugar Tyme’
Aucuba japonica 'Serratifolia' Viburnum dilatatum ‘Erie’
Lagerstroemia indica x faurieri 'Natchez' 2001 Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘Duke Gardens’
2014 Camellia japonica April series & C. x Winter series Epimedium x perralchicum ‘Frohnleiten’
Cornus florida Rudbeckia nitida ‘Autumn Sun’
Ilex crenata 'Soft Touch' Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’
Nepeta racemosa 'Blue Wonder' 2000 Fothergilla gardenii
2013 Lonicera nitida Microbiota decussata
Thujopsis dolabrata ‘Nana’ Stewartia pseudocamellia
Quercus palustris ‘Green Pillar’ Corylopsis pauciflora
Cercis Canadensis
2012 Acer griseum
Amsonia hubrichtii
Polystichum acrostichoides ‘Christmas Fern’
Chionanthus retusus
26 27Perennial Plant of the Year B
The Plant of the Year program, sponsored by the Perennial Plant Baby’s Breath Gypsophilia
Association, promotes the use of perennials. Each year members cast Balloonflower Platycodon
their vote for an outstanding perennial with the following criteria: Basket of Gold Alyssum
• Suitable for a wide range of climate types Beard Tongue Penstemon
• Low maintenance needs Bearded Iris Iris germanica
• Easily propagated – true from seed or vegetatively propagated Bedstraw Galium
• Exhibits multiple seasonal interest Bee Balm Monarda
Bellflower Campanula
Perennial Plant of the Year Index Bishop’s Hat Epimedium
2019 Stachys monieri ‘Hummelo’ Black Sedge Carex nigra
2018 Allium 'Millenium' Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia
2017 Asclepias tuberosa Blanket Flower Gaillardia
2016 Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert' Bleeding Heart Dicentra
2015 Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Biokovo' Blood root Sanguinaria
2014 Panicum virgatum 'Northwind' Blue Oat Grass Helictotrichon
2013 Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ Border Pinks Dianthus
2012 Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ Bowman’s Root Veronicastrum
2011 Amsonia hubrichtii Bugbane Cimicifuga
2010 Baptisia australis Bugleweed Ajuga
2009 Hakonechloa macra ‘Aureola’ Butter Daisey Coreopsis
2008 Geranium roseum Butterfly Weed Asclepias
2007 Nepeta ‘Walker’s Low’ C
2006 Dianthus gratianopolitanus ‘Feuerhexe’ (Firewitch) Candytuft Iberis
2005 Helleborus x hybridus Cardinal Flower Lobelia
2004 Athyrium niponicum ‘Pictum’ Catmint Nepeta
2003 Leucanthemum ‘Becky’ Chinese Lantern Physalis
2002 Phlox paniculata ‘David’ Christmas Rose Helleborous niger
2001 Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ Cinquefoil Potentilla
2000 Scabiosa columbaris ‘Butterfly Blue’ Columbine Aquilegia
1999 Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’ Coneflower Echinacea
1998 Echinacea purpurea ‘Magnus’ Coral Bells Heuchera
Cornflower Cantaurea
1997 Salvia ‘May Night’
Cranesbill Geranium
1996 Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’ Creeping Phlox Phlox subulata
1995 Perovskia atriplicifolia Culver’s Root Veronicastrum
1994 Astilbe ‘Sprite’
1993 Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’ D
1992 Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’ Daisy Chrysanthemum
1991 Heuchera micrantha ‘Palace Purple’ Daylily Hemerocallis
1990 Phlox stolonifera Dead Nettle Lamiastrum/Lamium
Dropwort Filipendula
Cross Reference for Common E
Names of Herbaceous Perennials Elephant Ears
English Daisy
Bergenia
Bellis
A Evening Primrose Oenothera
Aaron’s Beard Hypericum
Adam’s Needle Yucca F
Alpine Geranium Erodium Fairy Candles Cimicifuga
Alpine Strawberry Fragaria False Dragonhead Physostegia
Anemone Pulsatilla False Indigo Baptisia
August Lily Hosta False Mallow Sidalcea
Avens Geum False Spirea Astilbe
False Starwort Boltonia
28 29False Sunflower Heliopsis Maryland Pinkroot Spigelia marilandio
Feather Reed Grass Calamogrostis Masterwort Astrantia
Fescue Festuca Meadow Rue Thalictrum
Flax Linum Meadow Sage Salvia
Fleabane Erigeron Meadowsweet Filipendula
Foamflower Tiarella Michaelmas Daisy Aster
Fountain Grass Pennisetum Mondo Grass Ophiopogon
Fox’s Brush Centranthus Monkshood Acontium
Foxglove Digitalis Moss Pinks Phlox subulata
Fume Root Corydalis Mullein Verbascum
G N
Gay Feather Liatris New York Aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
Germander Teucrium Northern Sea Oats Chasmonthium
Giant Reed Arundo
Ginger Asarum
O
Oat Grass Arrenatherum
Globe Thistle Echinops
Obedient Plant Physostegia
Globeflower Trollius
Goatsbeard Aruncus P
Goldenrod Solidago Pampas Grass Cortaderia
Pasque Flower Pulsatilla
H Pearlwort Minuartia
Hens & Chicks Sempervivum
Peony Paeonia
Heronsbill Erodium
Pincushion Flower Scabiosa
Hollyhock Alcea
Pinks Dianthus
I Plantain Lily Hosta
Ice Plant Delosperma Plumbago Ceratostigma
Indian Feather Gaura Plume Grass Erianthus
Indian Pink Spigelia Poker Plant Kniphofia
Purple Rock Cress Aubrieta
J
Jack in the Pulpit Arisaema R
Jacob’s Ladder Polemonium Rock Cress Arabis
Japanese Iris Iris ensata Rock Rose Helianthemum
Joe-Pye-Weed Eupatorium Roger’s Flower Rodgersia
Jupiter’s Beard Centranthus Rush Juncus
Russian Sage Perovskia
L
Lady’s Mantle Alchemilla S
Lamb’s Ears Stachys Sage Salvia
Larkspur Delphinium Sea Thrift Armeria
Lavander Lavandula Seaside Daisy Erigeron
Leadwort Ceratostigma Siberian Iris Iris siberica
Lenten Rose Helleborus orientalis Snakeroot Actaea (syn. Cimicifuga)
Leopard’s Bane Doronicum Sneezeweed Helenium
Lily of the Valley Convallaria Snow in Summer Cerastium
Lilyturf Liriope Soapwort Saponaria
Little Blue Stem Schizachryium Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum
Liverleaf Hepatica Spiderwort Tradescantia
Lungspur Delphinium St. John’s Wort Hypericum
Lungwort Pulmonaria Stonecrop Sedum
Lyme Grass Elymus Swamp Milkweed Asclepias
Sweet Pea Lathyrus
M Sweet Woodruff Galium
Mallow Malva Switch Grass Panicum
Marguerite Daisy Anthemis
30 31T Chokeberry Aronia
Thyme Thymus Cinquefoil Potentilla
Tickseed Coreopsis Coffeetree Gymnocladus
Toadlily Tricyrtis Coralberry Symphoricarpos
Tree Mallow Lavatera Corneliancherry Cornus mas
Tritoma Kniphofia Cotoneaster Cotoneaster
Turtlehead Chelone Crabapple, flowering Malus
Trout Lily Erythronium Cryptomeria Cryptomeria
Cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata
W Cypress (false) Chamaecyparis
Windflower Anemone Cypress, bald Taxodium
Worm Grass Spigelia Cypress, Hinoki False Chamaecyparis obtusa
Y D
Yarrow Achillea Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Deutzia Deutzia
Dogwood Cornus, Benthamidia
Douglas-Fir Pseudotsuga
Cross Reference for Common Dove-tree Davidia
Names of Woody Ornamentals E
Elm Ulmus
A F
Abelia Abelia
Alder Alnus False Cypress Chamaecyparis
Andromeda, Japanese Pieris Filbert Corylus
Apple, Fruiting Malus Fir Abies
Arborvitae Thuja Firethorn Pyracantha
Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum Fothergilla Fothergilla
Ash Fraxinus Franklinia Franklinia alatamaha
Aspen Populus Fringetree Chionanthus
Azalea Rhododendron G
B Ginkgo Ginkgo
Bald cypress Taxodium Golden Rain Tree Koelreuteria
Basswood Tilia Goldenchain tree Laburnum
Bayberry Morella H
Bearberry Arctostaphylos Hackberry Celtis
Beautyberry Callicarpa Hawthorn Crataegus
Beautybush Kolkwitzia Heath Erica
Beech Fagus Heather Calluna
Birch Betula Hemlock Tsuga
Bittersweet Celastrus scandens Hickory Carya
Black Gum Nyssa Holly Ilex
Blackhaw Viburnum prunifolium Holly, False Osmanthus
Blueberry Vaccinium Holly, Japanese Ilex crenata
Boxwood Buxus Honeylocust Gleditsia
Broom Cytisus Hophornbeam Ostrya
Buckeye Aesculus Hornbeam Carpinus
C Horsechestnut Aesculus
Catalpa Catalpa Hydrangea Hydrangea
Cedar Cedrus I
Cherry Prunus Inkberry Ilex glabra
Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus Ironwood Carpinus
Cherry, Kwanzan Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’
32 33J S
Japanese Pagodatree Styphnolobium japonicum Sassafras Sassafras
Juniper Juniperus Scholar-tree Styphnolobium japonicum
Serviceberry Amelanchier
K Silverbell Halesia
Kerria (Japanese) Kerria japonica Smoke Tree Cotinus
L Sourgum Nyssa
Larch Larix Sourwood Oxydendrum
Lawson cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Spruce Picea
Lilac Syringa St. Johnswort Hypericum
Linden Tilia Stewartia Stewartia
London Plane Tree Platanus x acerifolia Sumac Rhus
Longstalk Holly Ilex pedunculosa Summersweet Clethra alnifolia
Sweetgum Liquidambar
M Sweetshrub Calycanthus floridus
Maackia Maackia Sweetspire Itea
Magnolia Magnolia Sycamore Platanus
Maidenhair-tree Ginkgo
Maple Acer T
Maple, Japanese Acer palmatum Tuliptree Liriodendron
Mimosa Albizia Tupelo Nyssa
Mock Orange Philadelphus V
Mountain Ash Sorbus Viburnum Viburnum
Mountain Laurel Kalmia Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
N W
Nannyberry Viburnum lentago Walnut Juglans
O Weigela Weigela
Oak Quercus Willow Salix
Osage Orange Maclura Winterberry Ilex verticillata
Witchhazel Hamamelis
P Y
Pagoda Tree Styphnolobium
Pawpaw Asminia Yellowwood Cladrastis
Pear Pyrus Yew Taxus
Persian Parrotia Parrotia persica Z
Persimmon Diospyros Zelkova Zelkova
Pine Pinus
Planetree Platanus
Plum Prunus
Plum, Beach Prunus maritima
Pondcypress Taxodium
Poplar Populus
Possumhaw Ilex decidua
Q
Quince Chaenomeles
Scott Clark Cell: 631.831.4177
R Tel: 631.734.6911 Fax: 631.734.5380
Redbud Cercis
Rhododendron Rhododendron
Rose Rosa
Rose-of-Sharon Hibiscus 560 Sterling Lane | P.O. Box 915 | Cutchogue, N.Y. 11935
Rubber tree (hardy) Eucommia www.pinewoodperennials.com | Scott@pinewoodperennials.com
34 35Dioecious Plants Invasive Plants
Dioecious means “two houses” and is a term used to describe
species where male and female flowers exist on separate What is an invasive species?
plants. Dioecious plants require the presence of both male and An invasive species is legally defined as an organism that is
female plants if fruit production is desired. Fruit production may not native to the ecosystem under consideration AND whose
be wanted for ornamental characteristics or breeding programs introduction causes or is likely to cause harm to the environment,
in which case, both sexes need to be present to ensure fruit
production. In other situations, where fruit is offensive due to economy, and/or human health.
unpleasant odors or litter problems, planting male cultivars is the
only way to guarantee that fruit will not develop. What makes a plant invasive?
The following characteristics allow a plant to adapt quickly to
Following is a partial list of genera with one or more dioecious species: a new environment, thrive, and spread. Most invasive plants
Acer Ginkgo Salix possess one or more of these characteristics:
Aucuba Gymnocladus Skimmia • Abundant reproduction
Cephalotaxus Ilex Taxus • Rapid growth rate
Chionanthus Juniperus
Cotinus Lindera • Short generation time
Fraxinus Morella • Ability to occupy many different habitats
• Ability to adapt to changing environments
Assuring Holly Berries • Effective seed dispersal
One male plant can pollinate many closely related female species
in the vicinity as long as flowering occurs at the same time. Fruit • Long-lived seeds
production does not guarantee viable seed. • Poisonous or allergenic to other organisms
It should be noted that only a very small percentage of all the non-
The following male hollies native species in the United States are actually invasive. However,
Ilex ‘China Boy’ this small percentage is able to cause an incredible amount of
Ilex x meserveae ‘Blue Prince’
‘Blue Stallion’ damage to native ecosystems.
can pollinate the following female hollies. What is being done about invasive
Ilex aquifolium (English) plants on Long Island?
Ilex aquipernyi ‘Dragon Lady’ Representatives from federal, state, and county agencies and
Ilex ‘China Girl’ private organizations across Long Island have come together and
Ilex x meserveae ‘Blue Angel’ recognized the problem of invasive species. In 2007, both Nassau
‘Blue Maid’ and Suffolk Counties passed legislation that prohibited the sale,
‘Blue Princess’
‘Golden Girl’ transport, distribution, and propagation of dozens of invasive
plants. This list of invasive plants has been termed the “Do Not
The following male holly Sell List.” Banned plants currently on the Do Not Sell List are
Ilex verticillata ‘Early Male’ listed in Table 1. Invasive plants to be added to the Do Not Sell
List are listed in Table 2 along with their ban date.
can pollinate the following female hollies.
Ilex verticillata ‘Bright Horizon’ Ilex verticillata ‘Sparkleberry’
Ilex verticillata ‘Early Bright’ Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ The Nassau and Suffolk Counties’ invasive plant legislation
is similar to legislation passed in other localities such as the
The following male holly State of Connecticut and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Ilex verticillata ‘Raritan Chief’ Connecticut began banning the sale, transport, distribution, and
propagation of select invasive plants May 2004. Massachusetts
can pollinate the following females: began banning the importation of select invasive plants January
Ilex verticillata ‘Autumn Glow’ Ilex verticillata ‘Scarlet O’Hara’ 1st, 2006.
Ilex verticillata ‘Bonfire’ Ilex verticillata ‘Sparkleberry’
Ilex verticillata ‘Harvest Red’ Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’
Ilex verticillata ‘Red Sprite’
36 37What can I do about invasive plants? Table 1: The Do Not Sell List
Educate yourself and your clients on how to identify invasive Plants (including cultivars) currently banned in Nassau and Suffolk
plants. Start with your own nursery or landscape and make Counties as of 2016
sure to not sell or plant species that are on the Do Not Sell and Acer platanoides (including all Norway maple
red & green cultivars)
Management Lists. Consider growing or planting species native
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple
to Long Island or the Northeast. Native plants seem to be gaining Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard
in popularity and this may be a growing niche market that you can Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelain-berry
capitalize on. However, be sure to remember that there are also Anthriscus sylvestris Wild chervil
many non-native, NON-invasive ornamental plants that also make Aralia elata Japanese angelica tree
great selections. If you are planting in a tough location, you will Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort, Common wormwood
have more choices in your plant palette if you use both natives Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry
and non-invasive, non-natives. (includes all hybrids with other Berberis species)
Brachypodium sylvaticum Slender false broom
For more information: Cabomba caroliniana Carolina fanwort
Cardamine impatiens Narrowleaf bittercress
• Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County
Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet
www.ccesuffolk.org Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos Spotted knapweed,
• Long Island Invasive Species Management Spotted star-thistle
www.nyis.info/?action=liisma_pages Cirsium arvense Canada thistle
Clematis terniflora Japanese virgin’s bower,
• New York Invasive Species Clearinghouse www.nyis.info Sweetautumn clematis
• New York Flora Atlas www.newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu Cynanchum louiseae Black swallow-wort
• Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States Cynanchum rossicum European or Pale swallow-wort
Dioscorea polystachya Chinese yam, cinnamon vine
www.invasive.org/eastern/ Egeria densa Brazilian water weed
• The Global Invasive Species Database Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn-olive
www.issg.org/database/welcome/ Euonymus alatus Winged euonymus, Burning bush
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper euonymus
Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress spurge
Brooklyn, NY 11225, 718-623-7200 • www.bbg.org Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed
• Nassau County Local Law 24-2007 (Amended LL 22-2010): Fallopia sachalinensis Giant knotweed
www.nassaucountyny.gov/agencies/Legis/local.html Frangula alnus Smooth buckthorn
Glyceria maxima English Watergrass
• Suffolk County Local Law 22-2007 (Amended LL 51-2010 & LL Humulus japonicus Japanese hops
30-2015): Chapter 278A Article 2 Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla, Water tyme
http://legis.suffolkcountyny.gov/main.html Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit
• Alvey, A.A. 2013. Finding Alternatives to Invasive Ornamental Imperata cylindrica Cogon grass
Plants in New York. Cornell Cooperative Extension. 126 pp (except ‘Red Baron’)
Iris pseudacorus Yellow flag iris
• Burrell, C. 2007. Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants. Lepidium latifolium Broadleaf pepperweed
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Inc: Brooklyn, NY. 240 pp. Lespedeza cuneata Chinese lespedeza
• Randall, J. and J. Marinelli, 1996. Invasive Plants: Weeds of Ligustrum obtusifolium Border privet
the Global Garden. Brooklyn Botanic Garden Publications, Lonicera x bella Bell’s honeysuckle
Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle
Handbook #149 in the 21st Century Gardening Series, Science Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle
Press, a division of the Mack Printing Group. Lonicera morrowii Morrow’s honeysuckle
Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle
Ludwigia grandiflora Uruguayan primrose-willow
Ludwigia peploides Floating primrose-willow
Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife
Miscanthus sinesis Japanese silver grass, Maiden grass
Microstegium vimineum Japanese stilt grass
Murdannia keisak Marsh dewflower
Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather, Brazilian water-milfoil
38 39Do Not Sell
Cornell List, cont.
Cooperative Extension – Suffolk County calculates Do Not Sell List, cont.
accumulated GDD for a number of locations on Long Island
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Broadleaf water-milfoil Rubus phoenicolasius Wineberry
and in Newspicatum
Myriophyllum York City. Commercial Eurasiangrowers of nursery
water-milfoil Salix atrocinerea/ cinerea Gray florist’s willow
stock, vegetables
Nymphoides peltata and fruit, as well
Yellowasfloating
arborists,
heart landscape Silphium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum Cup-plant
gardeners,hirtellus
Oplismenus those in charge of athletic
Wavy leaf fields, parks, and golf
basketgrass Trapa natans Water chestnut
Persicaria
courses andperfoliata Mile-a-minute
other horticulture related weed
entities can receive Vitex rotundifolia Beach vitex, Roundleaf chastetree
Phalaris arundinaceavia email. To sign
this information Reedup canary-grass
for the email, which
also includes soil temperaturesAmur
Phellodendron amurense corktree
and precipitation data Table 3: The Management List
Phragmites australis ssp. australis European common reed grass
contact Tom Kowalsick
Potamogeton crispus at Cornell Cooperative
Curly pondweed Extension (Moderately invasive plants NOT banned in Nassau and Suffolk Counties)
by phone
Pueraria 631-727-7850
montana var. lobata or by email
Kudzu twk3@cornell.edu. Acer ginnala Amur maple
You can also
Ranunculus access the information
ficaria Lesser via the internet at
celandine Acer palmatum Japanese maple
Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn Aegopodium podagraria Goutweed
www.cce.cornell.edu/suffolk/GDD/gddreport.htm Agrostis gigantea Redtop, Black bentgrass
Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust
Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Agrostis stolonifera Creeping bentgrass
Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven
Aira caryophyllea Silver hairgrass
Akebia quinata Fiveleaf Akebia, Chocolate vine
Allium vineale Field garlic
Alnus glutinosa Euorpean or Black alder
Amorpha fruticosa False indigo
Arthraxon hispidus Arthraxon
Nassau Suffolk Arundinaria gigantea Canebreak, Giant cane
Berberis vulgaris Common or European barberry
Landscape Grounds Bromus tectorum Cheat grass, Drooping brome
Butomus umbellatus Flowering rush
Association Carex kobomugi Japanese sedge, Asiatic sand sedge
Centaurea jacea Black knapweed
Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsuratree
Coronilla varia Crown vetch
Cyperus difformis Variable flat sedge
Datura stramonium Jimsonweed
Member Benefits Digitalis purpurea Purple foxglove
• Group Health Insurance Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian-olive
• Monthly newsletters Elsholtzia ciliata Crested elsholtzia
Epilobium hirsutum Hairy willow herb, Codlins and cream
• Monthly Meetings: Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass
Suffolk - Third Monday, Brick House Brewery, Patchogue Euonymus europaeus European spindletree
Nassau - Third Tuesday, Ciminelli’s Pizza. Bethpage Euphorbia esula Leafy spurge
W. Nassau/Queens - Third Wednesday, Angelina’s, Lynbrook Euphorbia lathyris Caper spurge
Fallopia baldschuanica Silver lace or fleece vine
Sponsors Festuca filiformis Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue
Froelichia gracilis Cottonweed
• The Largest One Day Trade Show and Galega officinalis Professor weed, Goat’s rue
Educational Program on the East Coast Geranium nepalense Nepalese crane’s-bill
• 30 Hour Pesticide Training Courses Glaucium flavum Sea poppy, Yellow horned poppy
• Apprentice Training Programs Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy
Hedera helix English ivy
Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed
For more information: Hesperis matronalis Dame’s rocket
N.S.L.G.A., PO Box 489, Brightwaters, NY 11718 Ipomoea hederacea Morning glory
(631) 665-2250 Kochia scoparia Mexican summer-cypress
NSLGA2@optonline.net Lespedeza bicolor/ thunbergii Shrubby bush clover
Ligustrum vulgare European privet
115
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