LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter - Installation and maintenance manual
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Installation and
maintenance manual
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitterTable of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 2
General................................................................................................................................................. 2
Safety Instructions.................................................................................................................................. 3
General................................................................................................................................................. 3
Technical Data..................................................................................................................................... 3
Special conditions for safe use.......................................................................................................... 3
Product description............................................................................................................................... 4
The LSU 100 ultrasonic level transmitter.......................................................................................... 4
Ex Safety Data...................................................................................................................................... 4
Pressure Equipment Directive........................................................................................................... 5
Specifications....................................................................................................................................... 5
Installation............................................................................................................................................... 6
General................................................................................................................................................. 6
Location of the LSU 100 transmitter..................................................................................................6
General considerations.......................................................................................................................6
Liquid surface conditions................................................................................................................... 7
In-tank / well effects.............................................................................................................................7
Open Channel Flow installations.......................................................................................................7
Mounting the transmitter above the liquid surface.........................................................................9
Wiring................................................................................................................................................. 10
Additional components in the two wire loop:............................................................................... 10
Commissioning/Programming...........................................................................................................12
Commissioning/Programming........................................................................................................ 12
Maintenance......................................................................................................................................... 13
Maintenance...................................................................................................................................... 13
Appendix 1........................................................................................................................................... 14
Safety Instructions specific to hazardous area installations......................................................... 14
Appendix 2........................................................................................................................................... 16
FM Control Drawing......................................................................................................................... 16
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 1Introduction
Introduction
General
The Flygt LSU 100 ultrasonic level transmitter is designed to be mounted above a liquid
and will measure the distance to the liquid surface.
When programmed with details of the vessel, sump or open channel, the LSU 100 will
compute level, contents or flow and give a 4-20mA signal proportional to the chosen
variable.
LSU 100 is a two wire 24V powered transmitter and may be connected to any suitable dc
power source using the factory fitted cable. The Flygt APP and FGC ranges of control units
are designed to be used with the LSU 100 transmitter in this way.
The LSU 100 transmitter may be mounted in a hazardous area provided that it is supplied
from a protected power supply.
For EX applications, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure suitable Intrinsically Safe
Barriers are installed, see Safety Instructions specific to hazardous area installations (page
14).
In this manual the following terms are used which refer to trademarks from other
manufactures:
• HART: is the protocol adopted for the LSU 100 SMART Communications.
• HART is a registred trademark of the HART Communication Foundation and is a
mnemonic for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer.
2 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualSafety Instructions
Safety Instructions
General
Model number covered: LSU 100.
The following instructions apply to equipment covered by Ex certificate numbers
BAS01ATEX1061X and CSA 1352094 respectively:
• Installation must be carried out by suitably trained personnel in accordance with the applicable
code of practice.
• If the equipment is likely to come into contact with aggressive substances, it is the
responsibility of the user to take suitable precautions that prevent it from being adversely
affected, thus ensuring that the type of protection is not compromised.
Aggressive Substances – e.g. acidic liquids or gases that may attack metals or solvents that may
affect polymeric materials.
Suitable Precautions – e. g. regular checks as part of routine inspections or establishing from
the material’s data sheet that it is resistant to specific chemicals.
• The equipment must only be cleaned with a damp cloth.
• The equipment is not intended to be repaired by user and is to be replaced by an equivalent
certified unit. Repairs should only be carried out by the manufacturer or approved repairer.
Technical Data
Coding (ATEX): II (1) G
Coding (CSA): II C
Coding (FM): II C
(CEN ELEC) EEx ia IIC T4 - 40°C < Ta < 60°C
EEx ia IIC T6 - 40° < Ta < 55°C
Safety Parameters: Ui=30V, Ii=120mA, P=0.82W, Li=27μH, Ci=5nF
Materials of construction:
• PVC moulded body and front face.
• PVC sheathed 2 core shielded cable (UL).
• Glass filled nylon lock nut.
• 316SS hanging bracket.
• Epoxy adhesive sealant.
Special conditions for safe use
• Do not mount the LSU 100 on a structure that is subject to vibration, or in a position where
damage may be caused by impact or thermal stress.
• The equipment is not intended to be used in areas exposed to dust.
• The equipment must not be installed directly in any process where the enclosure might be
charged by rapid flow of non-conductive material.
Made for Xylem by Mobrey Limited, UK
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 3Product description
Product description
The LSU 100 ultrasonic level transmitter
The transmitter is a factory sealed unit with an operating range of 10 – 0 m and 5 – 0
respectively. When powered up, the transmitter will give a 4 – 20 mA signal on the two wire
power cable over the factory default range: 4 mA at 0 m; 20 mA at 10 and 5 m respectively.
The range may be adjusted using a HART programmer.
See Commissioning/Programming (page 12).
1
60
2
228
Ø62
1. 1 HOLE Ø13
2. 1" NPT THREAD
A Stainless Steel mounting bracket and 1" NPT Nylon locknut are supplied with the
transmitter to facilitate mounting.
Ex Safety Data
Type number: LSU 100
Certificate numbers: Sira 09ATEX2081X
09CSA2152611
FM 3036099
ATEX Coding: II 1 G (EU Directive 94/9/EC)
Cenelec Coding Ex ia IIC Ga T4 (-40°C≤Ta≤60°C)
Ex ia IIC Ga T6 (-40°C≤Ta≤55°C)
CSA coding Ex ia IIC T4 (-40°C≤Ta≤60°C)
Ex ia IIC T6 (-40°C≤Ta≤55°C)
FM coding IS/I/1/ABCD T6 (Ta=55°C)
4 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualProduct description
IS/I/1/ABCD T4 (Ta=60°C)
IS/I/0/AEx ia IIC T6 (Ta=55°C)
IS/I/0/AEx ia IIC T4 (Ta=60°C)
Safety parameters Ui 30V
Ii 120 mA
Pi 0.82 W
Li 27 μH
Ci 5nF
LSU 100 may be mounted in a hazardous area provided it is supplied through or from a
suitably protected power supply and safety barrier (part no. 843055).
Refer to the safety parameters given in Safety Instructions specific to hazardous area
installations (page 14).
Pressure Equipment Directive
The LSU 100 transmitter does not enclose a pressurised volume and therefore is a
component and outside the scope of the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC).
Specifications
Materials of construction:
Body Material PVC (stabilized)
Cable sealant Epoxy adhesive
Locknut Nylon
Bracket Stainless Steel
Cable PVC sheathed two core shielded cable
Electrical:
Supply voltage Transmitter in safe area: 12-40 V dc
Transmitter in Hazardous area: 12-30 V dc
Output 4-20 mA
Communications HART Digital communications (rev. 5)
Earthing None required
Cable size Overall diameter 4.5 mm, two cores each 0.22 mm2
Cable length 20m
Cable resistance 0,1 Ohm per metre length
Operating:
Ranges 5 – 0 m part No. 83 65 02
10 – 0 m part No. 83 65 03
Temperature Ambient - 40°C to +60°C
Wetside - 40°C to +60°C
Pressure 0 bar to 3.0 bar
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 5Installation
Installation
General
LSU 100 may be mounted in a hazardous area provided it is supplied through or from a
suitably protected power supply and safety barrier (part no. 843055).
Refer to the safety parameters given in Safety Instructions specific to hazardous area
installations (page 14).
Location of the LSU 100 transmitter
Correct location of the transmitter is essential for the reliable operation of any ultrasonic
level measurement system.
The LSU 100 transmitter must be installed in a location where it is protected from
ultraviolet radiation, e.g. direct sunlight, in order to prevent long-term degradation of the
plastic used in its construction.
Whilst the transmitter may be site tuned to deal with most application conditions, it is
strongly recommended that the following guidelines should be adopted wherever
relevant.
General considerations
• The LSU 100 transmitter complies with the European Directive for Electro Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) (2004/108/EC) Class B.
It is not advisable to mount the transmitter in close proximity to a source of electrical
noise such as a variable frequency drive (VFD) or other high powered electrical device.
• The transmitter should be mounted as near vertical as possible to ensure a good echo
from the liquid surface and maximum echo size received.
The beam angle (to the half power point) of the transmitter is 12 degrees inclusive.
Obstructions in the tank or well will generate echoes which can be confused with the
real liquid surface echo. Obstructions within the beam angle generate strong "false-
echoes"; wherever possible, the transmitter should be positioned such that false
echoes are avoided.
To avoid detecting unwanted objects in the tank or well, there will be no false echo
generated provided the wall is smooth and free of protrusions. However, there will still
be a reduction in the echo size. To avoid large echo size loss, it is recommended that
the transmitter never be mounted closer than 0.3 m to the wall.
• If the transmitter is mounted in an enclosed tank, avoid mounting the transmitter in the
centre of the tank roof as this could act as a parabolic reflector and create unwanted
echoes.
• If the transmitter is mounted in a stand-off or nozzle, it is always preferable that the
transmitter face be at least 5 mm proud of the stand-off such that protrudes beyond
the stand-off and into the tank.
• Remember that the minimum operating range of the transmitter is 300 mm. The
transmitter will not detect any liquid surface closer than 300 mm to the transmitter
face.
6 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualInstallation
Liquid surface conditions
• Foaming liquids can reduce the size of the returned echo as foam is a poor ultrasonic
reflector. It is always preferable to mount an ultrasonic transmitter over an area of clear
liquid, such as near the inlet to a tank or well. In extreme conditions, or where this is
not possible, the transmitter may be mounted in a vented tube provided that the
inside of the stilling tube is at least 100 mm and is smooth and free from joints or
protrusions. It is also preferable that the bottom of the stilling tube does not become
uncovered, thus preventing the ingress of foams.
• Beware of mounting the transmitter directly over any inlet stream.
• Liquid surface turbulence is not normally a problem unless it is excessive. In most
cases, the effects or turbulence are minor, with excessive turbulence being catered for
by fine tuning the transmitter on site if necessary.
In-tank / well effects
• Stirrers or agitators can cause a vortex. Always try to mount the transmitter off-centre of
any vortex to maximize the return echo.
As stirrer blades become uncovered they will create echoes as they pass through the
ultrasonic beam. The transmitter can be tuned to ignore there false echoes on site.
• In non-linear tanks with rounded or conical bottoms, always mount the transmitter off-
centre. In some cases, it may be desirable to install a perforated reflector plate on the
tank bottom directly under the transmitter centre line to ensure a satisfactory return
echo.
• Avoid mounting the transmitter directly above any pumps in the well as the transmitter
will detect the pump casing as the liquid falls away. If this is not possible, fine tuning on
site may be required to ignore echoes from the pump casings.
• If the well is subject to flooding, it is advisable to fit the transmitter with a submersion
shield. Whilst the transmitter will of course stop working whilst covered with liquid, the
transmit face will be protected from contamination by an air lock inside the shield.
Open Channel Flow installations
There are normally two distinct parts to an open channel flow measurement system; the
primary element (flow structure) and the secondary element (Head measurement
instrumentation).
For accurate open channel flow measurement, both parts of the system must be installed
accurately.
This manual explains some key aspects of the installation of the secondary element, in this
case the ultrasonic transducer.
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 7Installation
For full details of the installation of a primary element such as a flume or weir, reference
should be made to the relevant British (BS3680) or International standard.
• Positioning of the transmitter is critical and should be the correct distance upstream
from the flow structure as stated in BS3680 (British standard= e. g. a distance of 4 to 5
times hmax for a thin plate weir or 3 to 4 times hmax for a flume.
For optimum accuracy, the front face of the sensor should be positioned at a height
that is at least equal to the maximum flow depth plus the blanking distance of the
transducer. A distance of 350 mm is recommended.
It is important to note that the bottom reference of the transmitter should be related to
the centre of the invert of the primary device, NOT the distance to the channel bottom
directly below the transmitter.
3
2
1 4
1. Channel invert
2. Flow
8 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualInstallation
3. Transmitter bottom
4. Primary element (e g. flume, weir) invert
In addition to the above, when setting the bottom reference on a 'V' notch weir it is
important that the true invert of weir is taken and not the meniscus liquid level, which
may be 2 to 3 mm above the true invert.
1
2
3
1. Transmitter bottom reference
2. True invert
3. Meniscus
• The liquid surface at the point of measurement must have a stable, smooth surface and
uniform approach velocity. It must not be affected by baffles, foam, hydraulic jumps or
any other object likely to cause flow disruption.
• The primary element should be free from any situation where it is likely to 'drown'
(refer to relevant standard for further information).
• The LSU 100 transmitter has integral temperature compensation and must be
protected at all times from direct sunlight and any radiated heat.
For maximum accuracy and stability of level measurement reading the transmitter
should always be shrouded to prevent the incidence of direct sunlight.
If the flow structure permits, mount the transmitter within the flow channel or chamber.
In order to minimize measurement uncertainties when a calibration device is installed,
it is recommended that the calibrated range should be kept to a realistic minimum, i. e.
max flow less 30 to 100 mm dependant on measurement span. Ensure that the target
plate of the calibration device does not fall within the 300 mm blanking distance of the
transmitter.
All calibrations should be derived to suit as installed conditions.
Mounting the transmitter above the liquid surface
The transmitter is supplied with a purpose made Stainless Steel mounting bracket which
should be used to mount the transducer over the liquid surface.
The bracket is designed to fit over the 1" threaded neck of the transmitter and is retained
by a locknut.
Never suspend the transmitter by the cable!
Use a chain or wire through the hole provided in the bracket, which is shaped to ensure
that the transmitter will hang perpendicular to the liquid surface.
Check that the material of the chain or wire is corrosion resistant to the liquids and any
vapors present.
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 9Installation
Alternatively, the bracket may be bolted to a suitable cross member above the liquid
surface. Ensure that the transmitter is perpendicular to the liquid surface to maximize the
return echo size.
Check that the maximum liquid level will not encroach into the 0.3 m blanking zone of the
transmitter.
Wiring
The transmitter is supplied with a factory fitted length of PVC sheathed two core shielded
cable which should be neatly run back to the control unit or a suitable local IP65 junction
box.
The transmitter cable cores are identified as follows:
Red 24 V dc
Black 0 V dc
Screen Earth: Must be connected to an Intrinsi- cally Safe Earth in the non- hazardous area
if the transmitter is installed in a hazardous area. Connect to a standard
earth if the transmitter is not in a hazardous area.
The cable may be cut to length on site or may be extended using an IP65 junction box,
such as the Flygt Level Sensor Junction Box 83 95 05 and suitable extension cable up to a
total length of 300 m.
Where the transmitter is installed in a hazardous area, it is the responsibility of the user to
ensure that the cable parameters of the total length of a cable used together with the
parameters of the LSU 100 are less than the safety parameters of the safety barrier.
See Additional components in the two wire loop: (page 10).
Multicore cable may be used provided that each pair within the multicore has a separate
shield.
Note! As good instrumentation practice, avoid tracking the cable with cables carrying high
voltages if possible.
Additional components in the two wire loop:
Safety barriers - Installation of the transmitter in hazardous area
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure a suitable Intrinsically Safe barrier is fitted in the
safe area.
The barrier must be chosen such that its output parameters U0 (Voc), I0 (Isc) and P0 are
less than Ui (Vmax), li (Imax) and Pi of the LSU 100 transmitter.
For the LSU 100 transmitter, Ui = 30 V, Ii = 120 mA and Pi = 0.82 W.
In addition, the sum of the capacitance and the inductance of the transmitter and any extra
cable fitted must not exceed the maximum specified for the barrier chosen.
For the LSU 100 transmitter with 20 m of factory fitted cable, Ci = 5nF and Li = 27 μH.
Suitable barriers include Flygt part No. 84 30 55 (option).
Lightning / surge protection and other loop devices
It is allowable to fit loop powered or separately powered devices in the two wire loop
provided that the transmitter receives a minimum voltage of 12 V dc at 21 mA loop
current. Note! In certain cases the voltage drop over the barrier may become so high that
the 12 V minimum voltage requirement cannot be fulfilled.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure any loop devices, if mounted in the hazardous
area, carry the requisite hazardous area certification and do not cause the system
parameters to exceed those of the safety barrier.
10 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualInstallation
If the area is prone to lightning strikes or voltage surges, fitting of a suppressor device is
desirable between the transmitter and the control unit. The Flygt Level Sensor Junction
Box 83 95 05 is ideally suited for this purpose.
Wiring to allow HART communication
If you intended to use HART digital communication with the LSU 100 transmitter, please
contact the nearest Xylem supplier for information.
If the transmitter is being supplied through a safety barrier, ensure the type chosen will
pass HART/SMART information.
Once installed, a HART communicator can be connected across the load resistor, or across
the loop at any point downstream of the load resistor.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that any HART communicator used in the
hazardous area is suitably certified for that area.
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 11Commissioning/Programming
Commissioning/Programming
Commissioning/Programming
This section gives a very brief overview to allow checking of the installation.
When power is applied to the transmitter it will give a 4 – 20 mA signal proportional to
'level' based on some factory set default values for a typical tank:
1
5 / 10 m 20 mA
2
0m 4 mA
1. 0,3 m above max liquid surface
2. Liquid surface
Bottom reference 10,3 m or 5,3 m from transducer face
Blanking distance 0,3 from transducer face
4 mA level 0 m (bottom of tank)
20 mA level 10 or 5 m (maximum liquid level)
Hence, for a liquid surface that is 1,3 m away, the current on the loop will represent a liquid
level of (10 m – 1 m) = 9 m with a value of 18, 4 mA, given an operating range of 10 m for
the LSU 100.
It is normal in these cases for the user to program the control equipment to recognize 20
mA as 10 m level and 18, 4 mA as 9 m level.
16mA x 9m
20mA – 4mA = + 4mA = 18,4 mA
10m
The user may programme the LSU 100 transmitter with the specific installation details to
re-range the 4-20 mA signal.
Note! A HART communicator containing a DD (Device Description) for a MSP900SH/LSU
100, such as the Emerson 475 Field Communicator, will allow the computer to
communicate with the LSU 100 transmitter, in order to re-program level values.
12 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualMaintenance
Maintenance
Maintenance
There is no routine maintenance required for the LSU 100 other than an occasional check
to ensure that the front face of the transmitter is clean and that the wiring is in good
condition.
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 13Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Safety Instructions specific to hazardous area installations
Model number covered: LSU 100.
The following instructions apply to equipment covered by Ex certificate numbers Sira
09ATEX2081X, 09CSA2152611, FM 3036099 respectively:
General
a) The equipment may be used with flammable gases and vapours with apparatus groups IIA, IIB & IIC,
and with temperature classes T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 & T6.
b) Installation of this equipment shall be carried out by suitably trained personnel, in accordance with
the appli cable code of practice.
c) The equipment is not intended to be repaired by the user and is to be replaced by an equivalent
certified unit. Repairs should only be carried out by the manufacturer or approved repairer.
d) If the equipment is likely to come into contact with aggressive substances, it is the responsibility of
the user to take suitable precautions that prevent it from being adversely affected, thus ensuring that
the type of protection is not compromised.
Aggressive e.g. acidic liquids or gases that may attack metals or solvents that may affect
Substances polymeric materials.
Suitable e.g. regular checks as part of routine inspections or establishing from the
Precautions material's data sheet that it is resistant to specific chemicals.
e) The apparatus electronics is only certified for use in ambient temperatures in the range of -40ºC to
+60ºC for T4 or -40ºC to +55ºC for T6. It should not be used outside this range.
f) It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the voltage and current limits for this equipment are not
exceeded.
Technical Data
Coding (ATEX): II 1 G Ex ia IIC Ga T4 (-40°C≤Ta≤60°C)
Ex ia IIC Ga T6 (-40°C≤Ta≤55°C)
Coding (CSA): Ex ia IIC T4 (-40°C≤Ta≤60°C); T6 (-40 °C≤Ta≤55°C)
Coding (FM): IS/I/1/ABCD T6 (Ta=55°C); T4 (Ta=60°C)
IS/I/0/AEx ia IIC T6 (Ta=55°C); T4 (Ta=60°C)
Safety Parameters: Ui = 30V, Ii = 120mA, Pi = 0.82W, Li = 27μH, Ci = 5nF
Materials of construction:
• PVC moulded body and front face.
• PVC sheathed 2 core shielded cable.
• Glass filled nylon lock nut.
• 316SS hanging bracket.
• Epoxy adhesive sealant.
ATEX Special conditions for safe use
g) The equipment must not be installed directly in any process where the enclosure might be charged
by the rapid flow of non-conductive media.
h) The equipment must only be cleaned with a damp cloth.
i) Do not mount the LSU100 on a structure that is subject to vibration, or in a position where damage
may be caused by impact or thermal stress.
14 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manualAppendix 1
j) The equipment is not intended to be used in areas exposed to dust.
FM Special conditions for safe use
a) The transmitter must not be subjected to long-term UV-degradation, i.e. install it out of direct
sunlight.
FM Control Drawing, see FM Control Drawing (page 16)
European Declaration of Conformity, see #unique_29
LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual 15Appendix 2 Appendix 2 FM Control Drawing 16 LSU 100, Ultrasonic level transmitter Installation and maintenance manual
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