Neighbourhood spaces and migrant resilience: A comparative study of three neighbourhoods in Ottawa-Gatineau - LUISA VERONIS, LILY XIA, BRIAN RAY ...
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Neighbourhood spaces and migrant resilience: A comparative study of three neighbourhoods in Ottawa-Gatineau LUISA VERONIS, LILY XIA, BRIAN RAY (UOTTAWA), AND ANYCK DAUPHIN (UQO) SEPTEMBER 2019
Context
LITERATURE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE IN FRENCH
Immigrants and neighbourhoods Neighbourhood diversity
◦ Spatial assimilation/segregation ◦ From integration to cohabitation
◦ Housing experiences
◦ Access to housing
◦ Everyday experiences
◦ Perceptions of diversity
Resilience and neighbourhoods
◦ Psychology Resilience and social capital
◦ Spatial resilience, socio-ecological resilience ◦ Psychology
◦ Community resilience ◦ Social resilience
◦ Socio-ecological resilience
Immigrants, neighbourhoods and resilience
◦ Individual and community resilience
◦ Measures of resilience
◦ Social resilience
Research Objectives
1. Examine neighbourhood factors that shape migrant resilience
◦ How the spatial and social environment at the neighbourhood scale influences
settlement and integration experiences
2. Understand the characteristics that make neighbourhoods “resilient”
3. Identify structures and actors of resilience at multiple scales
Conceptual Framework The three principal dimensions of “resilience”: 1. The practices of resilience ◦ Discourses, policies, programs 2. The structures and actors of resilience ◦ “Top-down ” (state strategies) ◦ “Bottom up” (community strategies) 3. The scales and spaces of resilience ➢ Individual resilience ➢ Family/household resilience ➢ Neighbourhood resilience – built environment and resilience ➢ Community resilience – social environment and resilience
Methodology Collaborative approach ◦ Community and government partners ◦ Gatineau: The City of Gatineau, APO, SITO ◦ Ottawa: The City of Ottawa, OLIP, CESOC Comparative study ◦ Ottawa-Gatineau ◦ 3 neighbourhoods (2 in Ottawa, 1 in Gatineau) ◦ Immigrants with English/French as their first official language spoken; the uneven geography of bilingualism in the Ottawa-Gatineau region
Qualitative Methods 4 main research stages: 1. Literature review and neighbourhood selection in collaboration with community partners (May-August 2018) 2. Ethnographic study, census data, media analysis (June 2018-May 2019) 3. Photovoice interviews (October 2018-July 2019) 4. Analysis and community meetings (spring-summer 2019)
Case Study 3 neighbourhoods in Ottawa-Gatineau
Neighbourhood Profiles
Neighbourhood Profile - 2016 Neighbourhood Profile- 2016
80.00%
72.00% 70.00% 64.80%
70.00% 66.90%
63.40% 60.00%
60.00%
50.00%
50.00% 47.20%
43.20% 37.50%
40.00%
40.00% 34.30% 33.00%
32.30%
28.20% 30.00% 25.30%
30.00% 23.60%
26.30% 22.50% 22.30%
20.00%
20.00% 12.50% 13.50%
10.60% 10.00%
10.00% 10.00%
0.00% 0.00%
Immigrants Total visible minority Renter In low income based Immigrants Total visible Renter In low-income
population on the Low-income minority population based on the Low-
cut-offs, after tax income cut-offs,
(LICO-AT) after tax (LICO-AT)
Overbrook-Cummings Ledbury-Heron Gate Ottawa (CSD) Mont-Bleu Gatineau (CSD)
Statistics Canada: Census 2016
Photovoice Interviews
Profiles of Research Participants
Results 1. Neighbourhood/Built environment 1. Fostering resilience 2. Hindering resilience 2. Community/Social Environment 1. Fostering resilience 2. Hindering resilience
Built environment: It's very easy because in this area,
fostering resilience everything is very close. Like even 5 minute
walk, we go Shoppers, halal food is too,
halal meat store. My doctor in South Keys,
Proximity it's very good. It's very good, that's why I
◦ Central location, accessibility like this house now. (LHG, Sakina, female)
◦ Shops, ethnic stores, amenities
Oh, the library, I love the library. It’s
Transportation
amazing. They have an indoor pool, they
◦ Public transit have hockey courts, they have a
◦ Walkability basketball court. It’s really nice. (OC 9)
Amenities
◦ Parks, community spaces/centres, daycares,
schools, libraries, places of worship
◦ ESL courses, services …pour l'emplacement, pour la densité des
écoles et des garderies ici c'est parfait aussi,
Housing au niveau des parcs, il y en a beaucoup, (…)
◦ Affordable housing, especially 3 or more si on parle de la proximité des commerces et
bedroom dwellings for larger families des infrastructures très bien aménagés.
◦ No request for prior rental history (MB, Anastasia, femme, Moldova)Je vois qu'il y a un service de la ville pour
Built environment: couper l'herbe, pour nettoyer, mais... pas
entretenu au niveau des équipements,
hindering resilience des bancs, des glissades, le sable... le
sable est tellement sale... Parfois, je
permets pas mes enfants de jouer
Proximity là. (MB, Anastasia, femme, Moldova)
◦ Lack of ethnic stores
◦ Settlement services
More than 10 [phone calls].
Transportation Sometimes they tell you they are
◦ Safety, lack of bus shelters, sidewalks, snow, potholes coming, they don’t come. Things like
that. Until you walk yourself to the
Amenities office and go claim again. (OC 8)
◦ Problems with maintenance, disrepair
◦ Inaccessible community spaces (indoor/outdoor)
◦ Lack of programming
The street is so dark, no lights (…) we
◦ Cost barriers
call, yeah, they have to fix it. Call 211,
Housing you call 311, you don't even know?
◦ Evictions (LHG) The city take the sweet time, because
which neighbourhood? (LHG, Nour,
◦ Problems with maintenance female, Sudan)Social environment:
fostering resilience
Services/programs Yeah, so you know, "Can you pick up the kids for
◦ Open, accessible, comfortable me? Can you do this for me?" That's what I'm
programs building familiarity saying, sense of community. There's nothing
and mutual support important like having a sense of community, you
Participation know? (…) You know, what they say, it takes a
village to raise a kid, right? (LHG, Samira, female,
◦ Volunteering Somalia)
Networks
◦ Family, neighbours Le fait que Mont-Bleu est quand même habité
◦ Social connectedness par beaucoup de nouveaux arrivants, bien quand
je sors, j’ai ce sentiment de … de…
Support/solidarity compréhension ou d’acceptation par l’autre. (MB,
◦ Childcare, housing, political Mackenzy, homme, Haïti).
activism, places of worship
Sense of belonging She said they [the immigrant community]’re very
◦ Cultural diversity good and they’re very helpful. (OC.4, through
translator)
◦ Shared identitySocial environment:
hindering resilience
Services/programs
◦ Expensive and inaccessible programs
◦ Missing/invisible programs, especially J’entends que Mont-Bleu c’est pas un bon
for youths quartier. Le Mont-Bleu c’est pas un bon
She said this neighbourhood is not a quartier, mais… je ne sais pas de quoi
Participation high class neighbourhood. Sometimes c’est pas un bon quartier, mais…C’est
◦ Language things happen. That’s the only thing comment il sait, c’est juste parce que y’a
◦ Lack of engagement she doesn’t like about the des gens qui boivent dehors, qui fument,
neighbourhood. (OC.4, through qui font des mauvaises choses. (MB,
Networks translator) Amina, femme, RCA)
◦ Lack of social networks, reliance on
informal networks
There used to be a lot of people who just like frequent and hang out, and
Representation then they started making it like illegal to like hang out in your own
◦ Negative perceptions, negative media neighbourhood.(…) Like the guys would be standing right here, cops would
images come. Just like harassed them, beat them up, like search their pockets. Put
some of them in jail. Like for no reason, for no reason! These are like 13
Police presence/absence year olds, 14 year olds, 15 year olds. (…) They made it seem like you can't
Discrimination/racism just hang out. They call that loitering. (LHG, Adel, female, Somalia)Conclusions
Structures facilitating resilience Structures hindering resilience
• Proximity and convenience to everyday • Inaccessible/missing programs,
amenities (parks, shops, ethnic stores, etc.) services, amenities (youth
• Accessible community spaces, especially programming, mental health services,
indoor legal counsel, etc.)
• Presence of immigrants, cultural diversity • Poor maintenance of buildings and
• Community support and solidarity neighbourhood spaces by the City and
by private corporations
• Discrimination and stigmatization
Structural actors:
• Municipal/city government, community organizations/centres, settlement services, places of
worship
• Open and compassionate authority figures, community leaders, grass-roots organizations
• Mainstream media, landlordsAcknowledgements Our research participants Our community partners ◦ The City of Gatineau, APO, SITO ◦ The City of Ottawa, OLIP, CESOC Our research team : ◦ Lina El Bakir, Idris Alghazi, Rachel Walker, and Virginie Mesana This study was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SHRC) of Canada through the Partnership “Building Migrant Resilience in Cities/Immigration et résilience en milieu urbain” (BMRC-IRMU) ◦ Preston, V. PI, Belkhodja, C., Gabriel, C., Lochhead, C., Douglas, D., Dyson, D., Zikic, J., Hennebry, J., Shields, J., Veronis, L., Hynie, M., Mandell, N., Bhuyan, R., Ghosh, S. and collaborators. Migration and Resilience in Urban Canada - Immigration et résilience en milieu urbain (BMRC-IMRU): Discovering Strengths and Building Capacity, Partnership Grant. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC#896-2016- 1004, 2,499,525, 2016-2021 $. ◦ For more information on the project, see: http://bmrc-irmu.info.yorku.ca/
Thank you Contact information: Luisa Veronis, University of Ottawa: lveronis@uottawa.ca Lily Xia, University of Ottawa: lxia093@uottawa.ca Brian Ray, University of Ottawa: bray@uottawa.ca Anyck Dauphin, Université du Québec en Outaouais: Anyck.Dauphin@uqo.ca
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