Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens' perceptions about the work of the Assembly of Republic of North Macedonia February ...
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ПРОГРАМА ЗА ПАРЛАМЕНТАРНА ПОДДРШКА
PROGRAMI PËR MBËSHTETJE PARLAMENTARE
PARLIAMENT SUPPORT PROGRAMME
Public Opinion Analysis No.7/2021
-
Parliament Watch: Results from the
field survey on citizens’ perceptions
about the work of the Assembly of
Republic of North Macedonia
(February 17th – March 10th, 2021)
Authors: Vlora Rechica and Aleksandra Jovevska Gjorgjevikj
-
April 2021This publication is produced within the Parliamentary Support Programme (PSP), with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) through the Swiss Embassy in the Republic of North Macedonia. PSP is implemented by the National Democratic Institute (NDI), the Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis” - Skopje (IDSCS), and the Center for Change Management (CCM). The contents of this publication cannot, in any way, be considered to reflect the views of SDC.
Table of Contents _ I. Methodology 5 II. Political context 5 III. Summary 7 IV. Level of information about the work of the Assembly 9 V. Control and oversight of the Assembly over the executive branch 19 VI. Functions of the Assembly 21 VII. The public in the work of the Assembly 25 VIII. Who is represented by the MPs in the Assembly 32 IX. Parliamentary debate 38 X. Reforms 48 XI. Политички контекст на истражувањето 59 XII. Covid 19 and the citizens 63 XIII. Demographic distribution 66 XIV. Charts 68 Annex 1- Survey questionnaire about the work of the Assembly 71
Impressum
_
Title: Parliament Watch: Results from the field
survey on citizens’ perceptions about
the work of the Assembly of the
Republic of North Macedonia
(February 17th – March 10th, 2021)
Publisher: Institute for Democracy
“Societas Civilis” – Skopje
Authors: Vlora Rechica and
Aleksandra Jovevska Gjorgjevikj
Translation: Vesna Andonovska
Design: Dejan Kuzmanovski
This publication is available at:
http://www.idscs.org.mk
CIP - Каталогизација во публикација
Национална и универзитетска библиотека “Св. Климент Охридски”, Скопје
342.538:005.584.1(497.7)”2020”(047)
RECICA, Vlora
Parliament watch : Results from the field survey on citizens’
perception about the work of the assembly of Republic of North Macedonia
: (17 February - 10 March 2021) : public opinion analysis no. / [authors
Vlora Recica and Aleksandra Jovevska Gjorgjevikj]. - Skopje : Institute
for Democracy “Societas Civilis”, 2021. - 44 стр. : табели ; 30 см
Фусноти кон текстот. - Содржи и: Annex 1
ISBN 978-608-266-008-0
1. Jovevska Gjorgjevikj, Aleksandra [автор]
а) Собрание -- Работа -- Јавно мислење -- Македонија -- 2021 --
Истражувања
COBISS.MK-ID 53540357I. Methodology
_
Number of questions: 51
Sample: N=1010 (18 years of age + respondents
from the whole territory of the country)
Method: field survey face to face
Period: February 17th – March 10th, 2021
Standard error: ±3%.
II. Political
context
_
According to the Constitution, the Assembly holds to the aggravated situation with the Corona virus,
the legislative power and is currently composed the elections were postponed.
of 120 MPs. MPs are elected at direct elections by
means of proportional electoral lists for a four- In March 2020, the President of the country
year term. Pursuing the informal “tradition“ in the declared a state of emergency that lasted until 15th
country, the Prime minister of the then Government June. Meanwhile, political parties met on several
of SDSM, in October 2019 announced a leadership occasions at leadership meetings to set the date
meeting to propose the fifth early parliamentary of elections, as well as to determine the required
elections in the country. Elections came as result of
1
measures of protection for the citizens during the
the country’s inability to start the negotiation talks election campaign and the voting. After several
with the European Union (EU) because of the French attempts and negotiations, 15th July 2020 was
veto and the lowered trust in the SDSM government set as the date of elections, along with several
which based its platform mainly on the uninterrupted protection measures from Covid-19 for the citizens.
way towards EU accession of the country. In Voting and election day itself generally proceeded
February 2020, at the 137th session, the Assembly in an orderly manner and without major incidents or
unanimously reached a decision to be dissolved tension.4
with 113 votes “for “and no votes cast against or
abstention. The following day, on the 17 February, According to the Constitution of RNM, declared
the President of the Assembly, Talat Xhaferi, state of emergency from March 2020 had to
pursuant to the constitutional and legal powers, be verified by the Assembly; however, the then
announced the elections on 12 April.“ Despite the
2 3
President of the Assembly, Talat Xhaferi refused
plan to hold the parliamentary elections in April, due to convene the parliamentary session, stating that
1
“Zaev: We opt for early parliamentary elections“, Deutche Welle, 19 October 2019. Access on: https://p.dw.com/ p/3RYux
(last visit: 10 March 2020)
2
Decision for call for early parliamentary elections in Republic of North Macedonia. Decision downloaded from the website
of the State Election Commission (SEC). Access on: https://www.sec.mk/parlamentarni-izbori-2020/?_thumbnail_id=6946
(last visit: 9 March 2020)
3
Pankovski, M. and other (2020). Handbook for the parliamentary elections in Republic of North Macedonia 2020: Second
amended edition. Foundation Conrad Adenauer, Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis“– Skopje
4
ODIHR Special election assessment mission https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/b/e/465648_2.pdfit would be impossible as the Assembly is already elections and the reconstitution of the Assembly.
dissolved.5 On the other hand, 35 MPs signed and After the constitutional session, the work of the
submitted an initiative for convening an urgent Assembly is generally stagnant given the reduced
parliamentary session, however, with no success. capacity as result of the gravity of the situation with
The initiative was signed by MPs from SDSM, Covid-19 pandemic. The ruling majority requested
BESA, DPA and the independent parliamentary to shift the work of the Assembly online and the
group, and it was not supported by VMRO-DPMNE opposition was against the proposal and it was
and DUI. Dissolved parliament and declared state not adopted. Total of 101 laws were adopted in the
of emergency posed an increased concern about Assembly in the period from 1 August to 16 March
possible deterioration of democratic processes 2021, that is, 51 laws in shortened procedure and 10
and human rights. The situation in this period was laws with European flag. Adopting laws in shortened
further aggravated due to the lack of oversight by procedure creates legal uncertainty, impetuous
the Assembly over the Government which was given laws and non-functional and expensive processes
legislative powers by being able to propose decrees that are meant to be regulated, while citizens are
with force of law. 6
not informed about the effects of certain laws that
the Assembly failed to consider thoroughly. Further,
At these elections, SDSM and the coalition the work of the Assembly has been stagnant as of
“Mozeme“- won 46 seats, VMRO-DPMNE and the January 2021 as result of reduced capacity but also
coalition “Obnova za Makedonija“, won 44 seats, due to several blockages by some of the political
whereas the Democratic Union for Integration (DUI) parties. Blockages impact the citizens’ wellbeing
won 15 seats. The coalition Alliance for Albanians because relevant laws for citizens’ wellbeing during
and Alternativa won 12 seats, Levica won 2 seats, a pandemic need to be addressed, such as laws
and the Democratic party of Albanians won 1 seat. to alleviate the effects on citizens’ financial status.
The government coalition was formed among Nevertheless, this parliamentary composition
SDSM and the coalition “Mozeme“ and DUI, after adopted several laws of importance for the citizens,
several weeks of negotiations among the political such as the Law on Prevention and Protection
parties. The coalition ensured majority of 61 MPs from Discrimination and the Law on Prevention
in the Assembly for the Government, whereas the and Protection from Violence against Women and
opposition was joined by VMRO-DPMNE and the Domestic Violence.
coalition “Obnova za Makedonija“, coalition Alliance
of Albanians and Alternativa, Levica and DPA.
80 of total of 120 MPs in the new parliamentary
composition were newly elected, that is, took the role
of parliamentarians for the first time in their career.7
The constitutional session of the new Assembly was
held on the 4th August and the Assembly pursued
the regular plenary sittings as of the 25th August. A
five-month period passed between the first call for
6
“Xhaferi: I do not have a mandate to annul the decision to dissolve the parliament with an individual act. Available at:
https://360stepeni.mk/, (last visit: 11 June 2020).
7
Recica V. (2020) What is the general perception of citizens about the Assembly of Republic of North Macedonia?
Institute for Democracy “Societes Civilis“– Skopje https://bit.ly/3iOBtMt
8
Heislet, Р.Е. (2020) Lottary in the supermarket: how the political parties use the closed lists to keep the control. Lice v
lice. Available at: shorturl.at/nAHIT.
6 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021III. Summary
_
The field survey from 2021 confirms that the Control and oversight of Assembly over the
citizens’ general perception about the work of executive branch
Assembly has remained relatively unchanged
over the last 3 years with regard to most of the The majority of citizens have perception that the
questions about the functions of the Assembly, Assembly does not fully exercise its constitutional
that is, openness to the public, work of MPs, and power to control the work of the Government, that is
parliamentary reforms; however, some positive 25% of the respondents think that the Government
developments have been noted in comparison has full control over the Assembly. Considering
with last year. On a scale from 1 - worst to 5 - the MPs questions as one tool of the Assembly to
best, citizens assessed the work of the Assembly oversee the Government, citizens’ opinion is divided
in 2021 with an average score of 2,6, at the same in view of their appropriate use and whether they
level as in 2020; however, with small decline on serve the purpose of giving criticism and advertising.
the scale when compared to the last three years.
Functions of the Assembly
Level of information about the work of the
Assembly Despite the perception of many citizens that the
Assembly has impact over the quality of laws,
Predominant part of the citizens think that they express dissatisfaction with the quality and
the Assembly plays a significant role in the believe that laws undergo changes quite often.
country’s political life, however; almost one-half Adoption of better quality laws and overseeing the
of the respondents are not familiar with the budget spending are highlighted as most important
achievements of the Assembly in the past period. functions of the Assembly by biggest percentage of
Most of the respondents singled out the proposal the citizens, however; majority of the citizens assess
for a Law on the census, the Proposal for a Law the execution of the respective functions by the
on financial support to reduce consequences Assembly as unsatisfactory.
from Covid-19 over the production and purchase
of grapes and the wine industry and the proposal The public in the work of the Assembly
made by Levica to establish the national position
on EU integration of the country as most In respect of the openness to the public, most of the
characteristic about the work of the current respondents think that the Assembly is completely
parliamentary composition. Television is still the or partially closed to the public, and MPs fail to take
most popular way among citizens to be informed comments of the public when drafting laws. Also,
about the work of Assembly, whereas the majority of the citizens think that the MPs from their
Parliamentary TV Channel and website, as official constituencies are not available for meetings and
tools to provide information about the Assembly, fail to inform the citizens about their work. Citizens
are further underutilized. also note that the problems of the municipalities and
local communities are insufficiently addressed by
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 7the MPs. Unlike the past periods, citizens are better Reforms
informed who are their MPs.
With regard to the processes of reforms that were
Who is represented by the MPs announced after the new parliamentary majority and
the Government were formed in 2017, in general,
The respondents’ impression about the extent to citizens are divided about their impression that
which the MPs represent the interests of citizens the Assembly is prepared to undertake reforms
in the Assembly is relatively divided. On the other to normalize the political situation. Majority of the
hand, most of them think that MPs always represent citizens do not support boycotting the work of the
the interests of their political parties as well as their Assembly or prolonging and delaying the debate in
own personal and business interests. Significant order to prevent adoption of laws or decisions as
part of the citizens stated that they are not familiar the right way to express political views in the work
in which way they can participate in the work of the of the Assembly. Largest part of the respondents
Assembly, resulting in the fact that only small part of think that the change of the electoral model will be
the respondents ever attempted to participate in the conducive to increased quality of the parliamentary
work of the Assembly. composition and reduced dependence of MPs on
party leaders. The respondents did not identify a
Parliamentary debate predominant marginalized group whose interest are
largely represented by MPs, however; they single
The perception of the majority of citizens is that out three groups, i.e. people with disabilities, social
most of the MPs are not ready to take decisions welfare beneficiaries and unemployed people.
on behalf of citizens. Further, one-half of them
think that the speeches of MPs in the Assembly Political context of the survey
are either rarely supported or not supported by
arguments at all. When it comes to the relations The number of citizens who think that life in the
among MPs, most of the citizens have described country is headed in the wrong direction prevails
these relations as competitive and hostile and they over the ones who think the opposite. The greatest
have the impression that MPs often or always use optimists as per this question are the citizens of the
speech during sessions to belittle and downgrade Southwest Region, whereas the greatest pessimists
their colleagues from other political parties. are the citizens of the Vardar Region. On a scale
Significant part of the surveyed citizens also think from 1-lowest to 10-highest, citizens assessed the
that MPs depend on the will of the leader of their trust in the president of the country with highest
political party. Regarding the extent to which score – 4.5, followed by the Government- 4.3 and the
every parliamentary political party contributes to Assembly- 4.2. The judiciary was assessed with the
improved quality work of the Assembly, citizens lowest score - 3.1.
have negative perception (completely or partially
does not contribute) about all coalitions and parties.
Citizens agree that political crisis should be resolved
in the Assembly, and not at closed meetings among
leaders of political parties. The respondents also
think that citizen associations need to be enabled to
be more involved in the work of the Assembly.
8 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021IV. Level of information
about the work of the
Assembly
_
Over two thirds of the respondents (73%) think the role of the Assembly is insignificant, that is, 3
that the Assembly plays significant role in the percentage points less than 2020. Only 5% of the
political life in the country, which is an increase respondents do not know whether the Assembly
of 6 percentage points compared to last year. is important, which is an indication of lack of
On the other hand, 23% of the citizens think that knowledge or interest in the work of the (Chart 1).
Chart 1. What is the role of the Assembly in the political life in North Macedonia
80 73
67
70
60
50
40
26
30 23
20
10
5 6
0
1
0
The Assembly has The Assembly has Don’t know Refuses to answer
significant role in insignificant role in
the political life the political life
2021 2020
73
The majority of the surveyed citizens think that Parliament
6%
plays a significant role in politics, which is an increase of
6 percentage points more compared to 2020. On the other
hand, a smaller number of them consider that the role of the
Assembly is insignificant, where the percentage of respondents
decreased by 3 percent points compared to the year of 2020.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 9Citizens are divided with regard to information familiar with the accomplishments of MPs in
they have about the work/accomplishments of this period, and 48% answered that they have
the Assembly in the period from August 2020 little information or no information at all about
– January 2021. With regard to the work of the the performances of MPs. Citizens provided
current composition of the Assembly, elected at similar answers on the previous survey
the elections in August 2020, 51% of the citizens conducted in 2020 (Chart 2).
answered that they are partially or completely
Chart 2. To which extent are you familiar with the accomplishments of the Assembly in the past period from
May 2019 to January 2021? (%)
50
39
38
40
33 33
30
20 16 15
13 13
10
0
Completely Partially Little Not familiar
familiar familiar familiar at all
2021 2020
Regarding the work of the current newly elected composition
of the Assembly, surveyed citizens responded similarly as in
50/50
the survey conducted in 2020. Thus, more than half of the
respondents are partially or completely familiar with the
work of MPs, while half of the respondents are not familiar
with performance of MPs.
10 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021On the question what can be highlighted as most mentioned the proposal for a Law on North
characteristic about the work of this parliamentary Macedonia borrowing from the International
composition, or what will the current parliamentary bank for reconstruction and development, and
composition elected in August 2020 be remembered 7% of the respondents singled out the proposal
for, the citizens highlighted the proposal for the for a Decision to organize the oversight hearing:
Law on the census (22%), second ranked in their “Establishing the cause and enforcement of laws
answers is the proposal for a Law on financial that led to the bankruptcy of Eurostandard Bank
support to reduce consequences of Covid-19 AD Skopje’’. 7% of the citizens were informed
on production and purchase of grapes and wine about the Proposed budget for 2021, and only 5%
industry (12%), and on the third place is the proposal of the respondents about the proposal to shift the
of Levica for taking a national position about the EU work of the Assembly online. (Chart 3).
integration of the country (12%). 9% of the citizens
Chart 3. What will you remember this parliamentary composition about? (%)
Proposal for a Law on the census 22
Proposal for a Law on financial support to... 12
Establishing a national position about
Macedonian EU integration 12
Proposal for a Law on borrowing of Republic... 9
Proposal for a decision to hold an oversight... 8
Proposal for the Budget of Republic... 7
Do not know/No answer... 7
Proposal for a Law on changes and amendments... 5
Proposal for shifting the work of... 5
Proposal for a Law on prevention and protection... 4
Proposal for election of judge of the Constitutional... 3
Proposal for a Law on changes and amendments... 3
Proposal for a Law on prevention and protection... 2
Proposal for a Law on amendments... 1
Citizens, as the most characteristic of the work of the elected parliamentarian
composition in 2020 outweigh the Law on Census in the first place. In the second place
as the most characteristically, citizens pointed out the Draft Law on Financial Support for
reduction of the consequences caused by Covid 19, and in the third place the proposal of
the party “Levica” to determine the national position on Macedonia’s EU integration.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 11Given the health crisis due to the Covid-19 Yet, over 2/3 of the citizens support the online
pandemic, this year we asked the citizens whether work of the Assembly, but 37% of them think
they would support the online work of the that only MPs who are infected with Covid-19
Assembly, if needed. This was a proposal made or in isolation should work online. 25% think
by the ruling majority in December 2020. However, that online work would not be necessary
the proposal was not supported by the opposition. (Chart 4).
Chart 4. Do citizens support the Assembly working online?
4%
25%
35%
Yes
No
Only for individuals who are infected
with Covid-19 and in isolation
Don’t know/no answer
37%
2/3
On the question if citizens support online work of the
Assembly, two thirds of them responded that they support
that type of work, while for a small part of the surveyed
citizens, this type of work is not required.
12 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021Half of the respondents get information about the information about the work of the Assembly from
work of the Assembly through television (41%), the official website. 10% of the respondents said
whereas 22% from Internet portals and social that information about the work of the Assembly
media. Only 5% of the respondents stated that is received via Internet news portals, and 10% said
they get informed from the Parliamentary TV that they don’t want to receive information about the
channel, and only 3% of the respondents obtain Assembly or they are not interested (Chart 5).
Chart 5. If you want to be informed about the work of the Assembly, which source of information do you
commonly use? (%)
Television 41
Elsewhere on Internet
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 22
I don’t want to receive information
about the Assembly/Not interested 10
Online news portals 10
Parliamentary channel 5
Friends, cousins, neighbors etc. 4
Assembly website 3
Directly from political parties 2
Newspaper or magazine 1
Radio 1
Other 0
Don’t know/no answer 0
As the most common source of information of the work
41%
of the Assembly, the citizens in the largest percentage set
aside television. On the other hand, the results showed that
the Parliamentary channel and the website of the Assembly
are not among the most unpopular sources of informing
among the citizens.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 13However, on the question about secondary sources news portals is the second source of information
of information, 28% of the citizens answered that for 12% of the citizens. 11% of the citizens
their second source of information are their friends, answered that they use the Parliamentary TV
relatives, neighbors etc., 17% responded that channel as second source of information, while
television is the second source of information, then 4% use the official website of the Assembly
Internet portals and social media -16%, and Internet (Chart 5.1).
Chart 5.1 What other sources do you use to obtain information about the work of the Assembly?
Friends, cousins, neighbors etc. 28
Television 17
Elsewhere on Internet
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 16
Online news portals 12
Parliamentary channel 11
Radio 4
Assembly website 4
Directly from political parties 4
Newspaper or magazine 3
Don’t know/no answer 1
28%
Citizens in the largest percentage, as a secondary
source of information listed their friends and
relatives.
14 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021Analyzed by the age of the respondents, television is by citizens. Parliamentary TV channel is most
the main source of information about the Assembly popular among the oldest citizens from the
for all age groups, except for the youngest. Television age group (50-59 and 65+), and only 15% of
is the main source of information for citizens them stated that they use it as main source of
above 40 years of age, whereas Internet and social information. On the other hand, even though it is
media are the dominant source of information for insufficiently used, the website of the Assembly
respondents in the age group 18-39. Official sources is used only by 6% of the citizens aged 30- 39
of information of the Assembly, i.e. parliamentary (Chart 5.2.).
TV channel and website, are further underutilized
Chart 5.2 Sources of information about the work of the Assembly by age groups (%)
2
10 8 9 2
1
20 3 4 2 4
2
6 3
5 5 Something else
1 1 Don’t know/no answer
1 4 2
4 13 6 I don’t want to receive information
about the Assembly/Not interested
7 29 Directly from political parties
1 1
Assembly website
30 6
Friends, cousins, neighbors etc.
9 Elsewhere on Internet
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
33 13 Radio
1
Newspaper or magazine
4 Online news portals
16
72 Parliamentary TV channel
Television
5
15 52
39
4
26
15
18 -29 30 -39 40 -49 50 - 59 65+
Analyzed by age, the youngest category of citizens (18-
39) use social media as a source of information, while
for citizens over 40 years, television has been the most
widely used source.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 15Asked about what kind of content they think should Parliament’s work. According to the respondents,
be more frequently aired on the parliamentary TV educational contents about the legislative process
channel, 17% of the citizens opt for promotional and the work of the Assembly (13%), presentation
contents about the possibilities citizens have at their of the activities of the parliamentary groups (11%),
disposal to get involved in the work of Parliament field visits by the parliamentary committees (9%)
and meetings with MPs, 16% of citizens believe that and diplomatic activities and events of the MPs (8%)
expert interpretations of adopted laws and legal are needed next. 5% of the citizens stated that they
changes are needed, while 15% answered that there would like more contact shows on the parliamentary
should be political debates on topics referring to TV channel (Chart 5.3).
Chart 5.3 What kind of contents do you think the Parliamentary TV Channel should air more frequently? (%)
Promotional contents about the
possibilities citizens... 17
Expert interpretations of adopted laws
and legal amendments 16
Political debates on topics 15
to Parliament’s work
Educational contents on the legislative
process and the work of the Assembly 13
Presentation of the activities of
parliamentary groups 11
Field visits performed by
parliamentary commities 9
Diplomatic activities and events of MPs 8
I don’t know / Refuses to answer 6
Contact TV shows 5
17%
The majority of surveyed citizens, think that on the
parliamentary channel should be more represented
promotional content for the opportunities available to the
citizens for involvement in the work of the Assembly and
meetings with MPs.
16 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021In respect of the type of contents that need to be (9%) as well as more information about the
made available on the website of the Assembly, activities and how active their MP is (9%). 8% of
13% of the respondents stated that they would like the citizens would like to see more educational
to have a possibility to communicate with MPs content about the role and competencies of
and the same number of respondents said that the Assembly, 7% of the surveyed citizens
they would like to be able to refer questions to would like to have access to the recordings
MPs (13%). Based on the respondents’ answers, of the committees through the website of the
available should also be recordings from the Assembly, as well as information on the voting of
public debates (11%), the speeches of the MPs MPs on certain points (Chart 5.4)
Chart 5.4. What type of contents do you think should be available on the Parliament’s website? (%)
Possibities to communicate with MPs 13
Possibility to ask MPs questions 13
Public debates 11
Speeches of MPs 9
More information about the activities
and how active is your MP 9
Educational contents on the role 8
and competencies of the Assembly
Recordings of commitiees 7
Voting of MPs on certain items 7
Tracing the law in all readings/
steps of the legislative process 6
Live broadcast of sessions of the Parliament 6
Minutes of commitiees and plenary sessions 5
I don’t know / No answer 5
When asked what content citizens would like to see on the
website of the Assembly, the largest percent responded that
there should be an opportunity for communication with MPs,
possibility of appointment issues as well as the opportunity to
follow public hearings.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 17According to 71% of the respondents, information media are only partially or not at all sufficient to be
received from the media is completely or informed about the laws adopted by MPs. Citizens’
partially sufficient to be informed about most perception does not differ from their perception
important legislation which is discussed or voted about the level of information they had at disposal in
in the Assembly. On the other hand, 23% of the 2020 (Chart 6).
respondents think that information published by the
Chart 6. To what extent the information received from the media about the work of the Assembly are sufficient to keep
you up to date with the most important legislative changes (%)
50
40
40 35 36
31
30
20 17
14
9
10 6 6 6
0
Completely Partially Partially Not sufficient Don’t know/
sufficient sufficient insufficient at all no answer
2021 2020
The majority of citizens think that the information
they receive through the media are enough to keep
up with the most important legal regulations.
18 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021V. Control and oversight
of the Assembly over
the executive branch
_
Citizens’ perception is that the executive branch has over the Government. Further, 35% of the citizens
bigger control over the Assembly rather than the stated that the Government controls the Assembly,
Assembly controlling the Government based on its however, in their view it is not a complete control
constitutional powers. Respondents ranked the level because the Assembly has certain degree of
of control of the Assembly over the Government, that autonomy. On the other hand, 12% of the citizens
is, the control of the Government over the Assembly. think that the Assembly controls the Government,
On a scale from -3, meaning that the Government has however, it is not a complete control because the
full control over the Assembly up to 3, meaning that Government has certain degree of autonomy. 24%
the Assembly has full control over the Government, of the respondents did not specifically state their
25% of the respondents stated that the Government opinion about the control of the Assembly over the
has full control over the Assembly, and only 4% of Government, that is, control of the Government
the citizens think that the Assembly has full control over the Assembly (Chart 7).
Chart 7. To what extent the Assembly has control over the Government, that is, control of the Government over the
Assembly? (%)
25 24
22
13
8
4 4
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
The Government has No opinion The Parliamnet has
complete control compete control
over the Parliament over the Government
Half of the citizens think that the Government to
some extent controls the work of the Assembly.
On the other hand, the number of citizens who
believe that the Assembly controls the government is
significantly smaller.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 19Considering that MPs questions are one citizens partially or fully agree that MPs questions
instrument of the Assembly to control the work are useful for “MPs to hold the Government
of the ministries and the Government, in general, accountable“. 62% of the respondents fully or
more than one-half of the respondents (68%) partially agree that MPs questions “are helpful
partially or fully agree that MPs questions are to inform the citizens about the work of the
used to “criticize the Government”. “More than Government and other institutions“, whereas 57%
one-half of the citizens (60%) partially or fully think that they have impact to hold the institutions
agree that MPs questions are also used to accountable “. In general, citizens have divided
“advertise the Government“. According to 64% opinion in terms of whether MPs questions
of the respondents, MPs questions “enable to are used properly, or used for the purpose of
oversee the work of the ministers“. 66% of the criticizing or advertising (Chart 8).
Chart 8. MPs questions: (%)
are used to criticize the government and
other institutions 31 37 17 8 7
are useful for the institutions to show their
accountability to the MPs 27 39 17 11 6
inform citizens about the work of 21 41 20 13 6
Government and other institutions
are used to advertise the Government 24 36 22 11 7
and other institutions
impact the accountability of the institutions 22 35 21 15 6
enable oversight over the work 21 43 21 10 5
of the ministers
Completely agree Partially agree Partially disagree
Completely disagree Don’t know/No answer
The majority of the surveyed citizens think that
parliamentary questions serve as criticism of the
government, while in the smallest percentage of the
surveyed citizens, consider that they “have an impact on
security responsibility by the institutions“.
20 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021VI. Functions of the
Assembly
_
Two thirds (68%) of the citizens think that the perception about the impact of the Assembly
Assembly has moderate or big impact on the on the quality of laws. That is, compared to
quality of laws. On the other hand, 29% of the 2020, when 65% of the citizens stated that the
respondents think that the Assembly to certain Assembly has major or moderate impact on the
degree does not impact the quality of laws in quality of laws, the share of citizens who share
North Macedonia. Compared to the previous this opinion has increased for 3 percentage
year, one can note positive change in citizens’ points in 2021 (Chart 9).
Chart 9. To what extent does the Assembly influence the quality of laws in our country? (%)
50
41 41
38 39
40
30
30 24 23
21 20
18
15 15 15 16
20 14 14
5 6
4 3
10
0
A lot of Moderate Somewhat No influence Don’t know/
influence influence no influence at all no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
2/3
Two thirds of the citizens think that The
Assembly has moderate or big impact on
the quality of laws.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 21Despite the positive changes in citizens’ perception of the respondents in 2020 were somewhat or
about the impact of the Assembly on the quality completely dissatisfied with the quality of laws (3
of laws, 54% of the respondents are completely or percentage points more than 2021). On the other
partially dissatisfied with the quality of laws. The hand, compared to 2019, the perception of citizens
percentage of citizens who stated that the quality is more negative when 51% of the respondents
of laws is good or somewhat good is 13 percentage were completely or partially dissatisfied with quality
points lower (41%). Compared to the previous year, and in 2018 when this was stated by 52% of the
one can note slight improvement given that 57% respondents (Chart 10).
Chart 10. To what extent are satisfied with the quality of laws adopted by the Assembly? (%)
50
38 39
36 35
40
32
29 29 28
26 25 25
30
20
20
5 6 6 6
4 5 5
10 3
0
Very Somewhat Somewhat Dissatisfied Don’t know/
satisfied satisfied dissatisfied no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
The majority of citizens are dissatisfied with the quality
of the adopted laws
22 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021Majority of citizens (55%) stated that laws in North respondents think that laws are changed rarely,
Macedonia undergo changes often or too often, that is, 8% - rarely and 3%- very rarely. In respect of
that is, 25% stated that laws are changed too often the results from previous years, one can conclude
and 30% of them stated that laws are changed that the share of citizens who think that laws are
often. According to 26% of the respondents, laws changed too often has fallen for 7 percentage
undergo changes often enough. Only 11% of the points compared to 2020 - 32% (Chart 11).
Chart 11. How often are laws changed? (%)
50
40
35
32
30 29 29 31
26 25 26 27 28
25
30
20
8 8 8
6 6 5 4 4
10 3
2 2 2
0
Too Often Often Rarely Very Don’t know/
often enough rarely no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
2/3
The majority of citizens believe the laws in North
Macedonia are changed frequently or too often.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 23On a scale from 1 to 10 (1 - not important at all and is the function of the Assembly to follow up on the
10 - very important), respondents assessed the implementation of laws and policies with a score of
importance of certain functions of the Assembly. Also, 8,7, and the function of the Assembly to control the
on a scale from 1 to 10, respondents were asked to Government and the ministries with an average score
state to which extent they think that MPs fulfill the of 9,1. They also think that the MPs only partially fulfill
respective functions. According to the respondents, those functions and assessed the fulfillment of both
first ranked function of the Assembly as most functions with a score of 5,0.
important is the adoption of laws with better quality,
with an average score of 9,2 as well as the function According to the citizens, the least important function
of the Assembly to oversee the budget spending, also of the Assembly is the adoption of as many laws and
with an average score of 9,2. However, citizens think legislative changes as possible in the shortest possible
that MPs only partially fulfill these functions, and period of time, with an average score of 8,0. Even though
assessed the adoption of laws with better quality with respondents consider it as least important function, if
a score of 5,1, and the fulfillment of the function to compared to the other functions of the Assembly, still it
oversee the budget spending with an average score of is the function that MPs largely performed – assessed
5,0. with a score of 6,1, that is, with highest average score
about the extent to which the Assembly fulfills its
Third ranked function according to its importance functions (Chart 12).
Chart 12. Average score on a scale form 1 to 10 about the importance of Assembly functions and to what extent
those are fulfilled by MPs (%)
9.2 9.2 9.1 9.1 8.9 8.7 8
10
6.1
8 5.1 5 5 4.9 4.8 4.4
6
4
2
0
To adopt To oversee the To follow up on To control the To organize To enable To adopt
better quality spending of implementation Government public debates the public to take as many
laws the Budget of laws and and the ministries on topical part in the laws and
(public funds) policies matters with making of legislative
experts, citizen laws and policies changes
associations as possible
Importance by functions Extent of fulfilling functions
The citizens, as the most important functions of the Assembly, single out the functions
to carry better laws in the first place, and to monitor how the budget is spent. The least
important function was the adoption of as many laws as possible and legal changes in the
shortest possible time, for which on the other hand, the citizens as well think that the MPs
did the most.
24 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021VII. The public in
the work of the
Assembly
_
With regard to the openness of the Assembly limit the participation of citizens in the work of
to the public, more than one-half of the the Assembly online. According to 33% of the
respondents (55%) think that the Assembly is respondents, the Assembly is completely or
completely or partially closed to the public, with partially open for public participation, and 12%
an increase of 6 percentage points compared of the respondents did not express any opinion
to last year. This perception, among others, on this matter. Given the results from the past
relies on the fact that the Assembly is closed period, one can note that citizens’ perception
for the public due to the Covid-19 pandemic has declined about the openness of the
and the necessity for protective measures that Assembly (Chart 13).
Chart 13. To what extent do you think that the Assembly is open to include the public in its work? (%)
50
40
32 32 31
30
28 28 27
26 26 25
30 24 23
20
12 12 11
9
7 6 6
5
10
0
Fully Partially Partially Completely Don’t know/
open open closed closed no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
6%
The majority of respondents believe that the Assembly is,
to some extent, closed to the public in its work, which has
increased by 6 percentage points unlike last year.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 25Almost half of the respondents (49%) think that taken into consideration. According to 15% of
MPs do not take into account the comments made the respondents, MPs often or always include
by citizens and CSOs when drafting laws. That is, proposals made by citizens and CSOs, which is
32% think that such comments are rarely included, an increase of 4 percentage points compared
whereas 17% think that they are fully integrated to 2020. In respect of this question, perception
by MPs, which is a decline of 7 percentage points of citizens has remained constant in the past 3
compared to last year. From the total number of years (Chart 14).
respondents, 28% think that proposals are never
Chart 14. How often do MPs include the comments made by citizens and civil society organizations in the law
making? (%)
50
40
32 32
30 31 29 30 29
28
30 24 23
20
17
15
20
11 10 11
7
5 6 6
10
1 1 1 3
0
Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never Don’t know/
(in most of the cases) no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
50%
For almost half of the respondents, MPs are to some
extent closed to public remarks andcivil society
organizations in drafting laws.
26 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021The respondents were given the names of On the question whether they know the
MPs who were elected in their constituency/ elected representatives in Assembly from
municipality/region. The names of MPs from their constituency/municipality/ region, over
their constituency/municipality/region were two thirds of the respondents (68%) gave
unknown to one third of the citizens (29%). affirmative answers (Chart 15).
Chart 15. Do you know who is the MP from your constituency? (%)
100
90
80
68
70
54 56
60 51
48
44
50 42
40
29
30
20
10
3 2 2 3
0
Yes No Other
2021 2020 2019 2018
1/3 For one third of the citizens, the names of the MPs from
their constituency are unknown.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 27Almost half of the respondents stated that MPs from increase of 9% compared to the previous year.
their constituencies are not available for meetings Compared to the past period, one can note that
with citizens (45%). 30% of the respondents think the perception about the availability of MPs has
that MPs are available for meetings, which is an improved (Chart 16).
Chart 16. The MP from your region (municipality, electoral district) is available to have meetings with citizens (%)
100
90
80
70
60 53
49 50
45
50
40 30 30
26 26
25
30 21 21
25
20
10
0
Yes No Don’t know/No answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
45%
Almost half of the citizens answered that MPs from their
constituency are not available for meetings with citizens.
However, positive moves have been noted on this issue,
compared to past years.
28 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021According to 24% of the surveyed citizens, the MPs’ offices, the same number think that they do
MPs from their region do not inform them about it through public appearances, while 7% through
their work at all, which is a significant 16% less meetings with citizens in public locations. 11% of
compared to 2020. 19% think that MPs do it the citizens do not know through which channel
through the media, the same number think that the MPs from their region inform the citizens about
MPs inform them through social networks. their work. In general, the perception of citizens
According to 8% of the respondents, the MPs from has improved compared to last year (Chart 17).
their region inform them through meetings in the
Chart 17. The MPs of your region inform the citizens about their work via (%)
50
40 38
40
31
30 24
19 19
17 17 17
15 16
20 13 12 11
10 9 11 9 10
8 8 7 8 7 8 6
6 6
10
0
Meetings Meetings with Public Media Social Do not inform I don’t know/
held in MPs’ citizens held on appearances networks them No answer
offices public locations
2021 2020 2019 2018
The largest percentage of respondents believe that
16% MPs from their region do not inform them of their work.
However, positive developments have been on this issue,
compared to previous years.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 29The largest percentage of respondents (25%) that they consider to be an appropriate means of
believe that MPs should inform the citizens of their informing the citizens about the work of the MPs,
region through meetings with citizens in public is relatively identical in the last 3 years. However,
locations. 19% think that they should be informed there has been a decline of 8 percentage points
through meetings in parliamentary offices and compared to 2020 in the popularity of meetings
through public events, while 18% think that MPs in public locations. This decline may be due
should do it through the media. 14% think that to restrictions on public gatherings to protect
social networks are an appropriate channel for the health of citizens due to the Covid-19 crisis
informing the citizens. The perception of the (Chart 18).
respondents in relation to most of the channels
Chart 18. In which way do you think the MPs from your region should inform citizens about their work? (%)
50
40
35
33
31
25
30
19 20
17 16 17 18 19 17 18
16 15 15
20 14
8 7 8 7
5 5 5 4
10 3 2
1
0
Meetings Meetings with Public Media Social Do not inform I don’t know/
held in MPs’ citizens held on appearances networks them No answer
offices public locations
2021 2020 2019 2018
The largest percentage of citizens think that MPs should
inform the citizens through meetings in public locations.
As popular mechanisms, they have listed meetings in
parliamentary offices, public appearances and media.
30 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021Citizens generally share the perception that declined for 10% compared to 2020 (53%), and this
MPs do not sufficiently address the problems difference derives from the proportionate increase
of municipalities and local communities. 43% of in the number of citizens who think that MPs from
them responded that it has not happened that their region have taken initiative about a problem
MP from their region ever took an initiative about in their municipality, that is, share of citizens who
a local problem in the Assembly, whereas 21% of think that MPs do take initiatives about local
the respondents stated that this has been done by problems has increased for 6 percentage points
their MP. The share of respondents who think that compared to 2020 (Chart 19).
MPs do not address local problems in 2021 has
Chart 19. Has it ever happened that an MP from your constituency took initiative in the Assembly about a
problem in your municipality? (%)
70
59 58
53
60
50 43
36
40 32
27
25
30 21
15 17
14
20
10
0
Да Не Друго
2021 2020 2019 2018
Citizens’ perception is that MPs are insufficient when it
comes to addressing the problems of municipalities and local
communities, with the largest percentage of them saying that
it did not happen that an MP from their region raised initiative
in the Parliament for a local problem. However, developments
have been observed in this regard, compared to the previous
years.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 31VIII. Who is
represented by the
MPs in the Assembly
_
Citizens have relatively divided impressions about Taking into account the perception of citizens in the
the extent to which MPs represent their interests in last four years, perception was most positive in 2018,
the Assembly. Almost half of the respondents (48%) with slight decline in 2019 and 2020, and slightly
think that elected MPs only partially represent the improved perception is noted in 2021. That is, in 2018,
interests of citizens, whereas 41% think that MPs do 40% of the citizens stated that MPs do not represent
not represent the interests of citizens at all. Only 8% of the interests of citizens at all, which is 5, i.e. 7
the respondents think that citizens’ interests are fully percentage points less in comparison with 2020 (45%)
represented by MPs. and 2019 (47%) respectively, while the percentage is
almost identical in 2021 (41%). Further, compared to
The comparison of the analysis for 2020 and 2019 2018 (50%), in 2020 and 2019 there is decline for 5,
leads to the conclusion that there is slightly improved and in 2021 for 2 percentage points in the number
perception among the citizens in terms of whether MPs of citizens who think that their interests are partially
represent their interests, even though it is insignificant. represented by the MPs (Chart 20).
Chart 20. To what extent do you think that elected MPs represent the interests of citizens? (%)
70
48 50 47
60 45 45 45
41 40
50
40
30
8 6 7 5
20 5 3 3 3
10
0
Completely Partially Not at all Don’t know/no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
Citizens are generally divided over the impression to what
extent MPs represent their interests in the Parliament.
32 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021Over two thirds (76%) of the surveyed citizens ranked on the third place, is that MPs always
stated that MPs in the Assembly always represent represent someone’s business interests. 36% of
the interests of their political parties, while 70% the citizens think that MPs never represent the
think that MPs always represent their personal interests of citizens (Chart 21).
interests. According to 57% of the citizens, or
Chart 21. How often do MPs represent the following interests? (%)
Personal interests 70 21 6 3
Interests of the citizens
in their constituencies 17 54 25 4
Interests of their own
political party 76 18 4 2
Interests of their ethnic
community 30 48 15 7
Business interests 57 30 6 7
Interests of other countries 25 35 20 20
Interests of the citizens 10 52 36 2
Always Sometimes Never Don’t know
The majority of respondents believe that MPs are
representing their personal interests or the interests
of their political parties.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 33Predominant part of the respondents - 80% stated part in the work of the Assembly, and insignificant
that they are not informed about possibilities to decline in the percentage of citizens who stated
take part in the work of the Assembly, whereas 20% that they are not informed about the mechanisms
stated that they are informed thereof. Given the for citizen participation. Hence, the percentage
results from the past four years, one can draw a of uninformed citizens in 2021 (80%) is lower
conclusion that significant part of the citizens are for 3, that is, 8 percentage points compared to
constantly uninformed about their rights to take part 2020 (83%) and 2019 (88%) respectively, whereas
in the work of the Assembly. the percentage of citizens who stated that they
are familiar with the mechanisms for citizen
However, in comparison with the previous years, in participation in the work of the Assembly is higher
2021, one can note an increase in the percentage of for 8 percentage points compared to 2020, 2019
citizens who stated that they are familiar how to take and 2018 (12%, Chart 22).
Chart 22. Do you have information how you can take part in the work of the Assembly: (%)
88
83 83
90
80
80
70
60
50
40
30 20
12 12 12
20
0 4 0 4
10
0
Yes No Don’t know
2021 2020 2019 2018
The dominant part of the respondents constantly state that
they are not informed about how they can participate in the
work of the Assembly.
34 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021As many as 93% of the respondents have not about mechanisms of participation. Only 7% of
ever made an attempt to take part in the work of the respondents have tried to participate in the
the Assembly, and among others, it is due to the work of the Assembly. The situation is almost
relatively low level of provided information (20%) identical in the past four years (Chart 23).
Chart 23. Have you ever made an attempt to take part in the work of the Assembly?
96
94 94
100 93
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
7
5 5
10
3 0 2 1 1
0
Yes No Don’t know
2021 2020 2019 2018
93%
The dominant part of the respondents constantly
state that they are not informed about how they can
participate in the work of the Assembly.
Parliament Watch: Results from the field survey on citizens’ perceptions about the work of the
Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia (February 17th – March 10th, 2021) 3554% of the citizens completely or partially agree way/tool for citizen participation in the work of
with the statement that (online) Internet petitions the Assembly. That is, 64% of the respondents
are good way/tool to include citizens in the work of in 2019 completely or partially supported online
the Assembly. 19% of the citizens partially disagree petitions, with a decline of 8 percentage points
with this statement and 11% of the citizens when compared to 2020, and decline of 10
completely disagree. 16% stated that either they do percentage points in 2021. This accounted for
not know or refused to answer the question. 59% in 2018, with a decline of 5 percentage
points in 2021. On this account, the number of
In comparison with 2020 and 2019, one can note citizens who are skeptical about online petitions
a significant decline in the positive perception of is respectively increased in 2021, compared to
citizens that (online) Internet petitions are good 2020, 2019 and 2018 (Chart 24).
Chart 24. (Online) Internet petitions are a good way/tool to include the citizens in the work of the Assembly (%)
50
39
37 36
35
40
25 24
30
20 19 18 19 20
17
16 16
20
11 11 11 10
9
6
10
0
Completely Partially Partially Completely Don’t know/
agree agree disagree disagree no answer
2021 2020 2019 2018
50%
More than half of the respondents completely or partially
agree with the statement that the Internet petitions are a good
way / tool to get citizens involved in the work of the Assembly.
36 IDSCS Public Opinion Analysis No.07/2021 - April 2021You can also read
