Petten 2020 Liability Estimate - Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus - Rijksoverheid

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Petten 2020 Liability Estimate - Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus - Rijksoverheid
Petten 2020 Liability Estimate
Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the
Petten Research Centre Campus
NRG
5 February 2021

5201713.01
Petten 2020 Liability Estimate - Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus - Rijksoverheid
Notice
This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely as information for NRG and use in
relation to providing a cost estimate for the decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus, for
liability provisioning purposes.
Atkins Limited assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with
this document and/or its contents.
This document has 43 pages including the cover.

Document history
Document title: Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus
Document reference: 5201713.01
  Revision         Purpose description            Originated        Checked       Reviewed         Authorised         Date
                Final Draft Issue V1
  Rev 1.0                                              RD              N/A            N/A              N/A          4 Dec 20
                Internal
                Final draft to
                accommodate a change
                to COVRA unit cost for
  Rev 2.0       waste disposal and                     RD              AD             OH               OH           8 Dec 20
                change in waste
                categorisation
                assumption
                Verified final Draft for
  Rev 3.0                                              RD              AD             OH               OH           11 Dec 20
                issue
  Rev 4.0       Verified FINAL ISSUE                   RD              RD             OH               OH           22 Dec 20
                Realising the opportunity
                for using 200 litre drums
  Rev 5.0                                              RD              RD             OH               OH           5 Feb 21
                for ‘Non-Pressable’
                Waste Only’

Client signoff
 Client                   NRG
 Project                  Petten 2020 Liability Estimate
 Job number               5201713
 Client
 signature/date

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Petten 2020 Liability Estimate - Cost Estimate for the Decommissioning of the Petten Research Centre Campus - Rijksoverheid
Contents
Chapter                                                                                                 Page
Executive Summary                                                                                              6
1.       Introduction                                                                                          7
1.1.     Limitations                                                                                           8
2.       Basis of the Cost Estimate                                                                            9
2.1.     Cost Estimate Basis                                                                                  9
2.2.     Schedule                                                                                            11
2.3.     Contingency Analysis                                                                                11
3.       Total NRG Estimate                                                                                  12
3.1.     Reconciliation to 2017 Estimate                                                                     13
4.       Hot Cell Laboratories                                                                               16
4.1.     Description of the Facilities                                                                       16
4.2.     Overall HCL Programme Estimate                                                                      17
4.3.     Building 7 - Research Laboratory                                                                    17
4.4.     Molybdenum Production Facility (MPF)                                                                18
4.5.     Discrete Programme Risk                                                                             20
5.       Decontamination and Waste Treatment Area (DWT)                                                      21
5.1.     Description of the facilities                                                                       21
5.2.     Overall DWT Programme Estimate                                                                      22
5.3.     Building 21 - Decontamination Building                                                              22
5.4.     Building 22 - Water Treatment Building                                                              24
5.5.     Building 24 - Waste Transfer Unit                                                                   25
5.6.     Building 25 - Solid Waste Treatment Facility (including the Stel-con
         area used for decontamination)                                                                      26
5.7.     Building 26 - Waste Storage Facility                                                                27
5.8.     Discrete Programme Risk                                                                             29
6.       Other Buildings                                                                                     30
6.1.     Overall ‘Other Buildings’ Programme Estimate                                                        30
6.2.     Building 15 - GBD                                                                                   30
6.3.     Building 28 - Fermi Building                                                                        32
6.4.     Building 400 - Jaap Goedkoop Laboratory                                                             33
6.5.     Discrete Programme Risk                                                                             34
7.       Sea discharge line and other drains                                                                 35
7.1.     Description of the facilities                                                                       35
7.2.     Project Description and Schedule                                                                    35
7.3.     Building specific assumptions, characteristics and factors                                          35
7.4.     Programme Estimate Summary                                                                          36
7.5.     Discrete Programme Risk                                                                             36
8.       Benchmarking                                                                                        37
8.1.     Petten experience and actual costs                                                                  37
8.2.     International comparison                                                                            38
8.3.     Contingency                                                                                         39
9.       Summary, Recommendations and Opportunities                                                          40

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10.      References                                                                                          40

Appendices                                                                                                   41
Appendix A.         Labour Rates                                                                             42

Tables
Table 3-1 - Total NRG Estimate                                                                               12
Table 3-2 - Reconciliation to 2017 estimate                                                                  13
Table 3-3 - Analysis of cost estimate increases in the 2020 estimate                                         14
Table 4-1 - 'Hot Cell Laboratories' - Programme Cost Estimate                                                17
Table 4-2 - Building 7 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                               18
Table 4-3 – MPF - Cost Estimate Summary                                                                      20
Table 4-4 - Discrete Risks for the HCL Programme                                                             20
Table 5-1 - DWT Compound – Programme Cost Estimate Summary                                                   22
Table 5-2 - Building 21 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              23
Table 5-3 - Building 22 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              25
Table 5-4 - Building 24 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              26
Table 5-5 - Building 25 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              27
Table 5-6 - Building 26 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              29
Table 5-7 - Discrete Risks - DWT Programme                                                                   29
Table 6-1 - ‘Other’ Buildings - Cost Estimate Summary                                                        30
Table 6-2 - Building 15 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              31
Table 6-3 - Building 28 - Cost Estimate Summary                                                              32
Table 6-4 - Building 400 (JGL) - Cost Estimate Summary                                                       34
Table 6-5 - Discrete Risks - Other Buildings Programme                                                       34
Table 7-1 - Sea Discharge Line and Other Drains - Cost Estimate Summary                                      36
Table 8-1 - Building 5, 6 and 9 estimate and actual comparison                                               37
Table 8-2 - Benchmarking of other similar facilities                                                         38
Table 8-3 - Contingency Analysis                                                                             39
Table 8-4 - Contingency Benchmarking                                                                         39

Figures
Figure 1-1 - The Petten Site                                                                                   7
Figure 3-1 - Netherlands Inflation (CPI) data                                                                13

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Table of Abbreviations
 COVRA              The Dutch Nuclear Waste Repository
 DWT                Decontamination & Water Treatment
 GBD                GezondheidsBeschermingDienst = Health Protection Services
 HCL                Hot Cell Laboratories
 HFR                High Flux Reactor
 JGL                Jaap Goedkoop Laboratory
 LFR                Low Flux Reactor
 MPF                Molybdenum Production Facility
 mSv/hr             Micro Sieverts per hour – A measure of Radiation dose
 NRG                Nuclear Research & Consultancy Group
 RL                 Research Laboratory (Building 7)
 WBC                Whole Body Counter
 WSF                Waste Storage Facility
 WTU                Waste Transfer Unit

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Executive Summary
Based on the detailed work performed for the scope of this cost estimating assignment, the cost estimate of
€118M as detailed in Section 3 represents a ‘True and Fair’ view of the costs which will likely be incurred to
perform all the nuclear decommissioning work identified. This is based on scope to perform the work to
decommission the facilities listed in Section 1 to a state of ‘Green Field’ and the key assumptions noted in this
report.
A fundamental opportunity is being realised in this estimate for decommissioning, insofar as it has been
assumed that 200 litre ‘COVRA’ drums can be used to for ‘Non Pressable’ waste only. This equates to
80% of all radioactive waste. The remaining 20% of the ‘Pressable’ waste will be packaged into 90 litre
drums and is considered to be a cost effective package.
Decommissioning work has been considered on a programme, project and activity basis; that is to say that the
site decommissioning activities will be split into four distinct but integrated programmes of work. This approach
has been utilised in the UK and has been proven to provide organisational synergies and be economically
beneficial. All project costs have been considered on an activity basis.
This liability estimate has also considered the parametric modelling of demolition and asbestos removal activities
based on those which have already been performed at NRG on Buildings 5, 6 & 9.
The development of this liability estimate has also considered a more detailed review of ‘Discrete Risks’, based
on the assumptions raised in Section 1 and the arising uncertainties so as to capture a reasonable level of
contingency. This in turn, has been benchmarked against other similar scopes of work.
This estimate realises an increase against the cost estimate assignment for NRG facilities at the Petten site in
2017, of €21M. This is due to additional facilities being considered in this 2020 estimate, an increase in Waste
Disposal costs to ‘COVRA’, a reassessment of some of the labour requirements to reflect some of the more
contaminated areas of the site, some inflationary impacts and a more detailed and considered analysis of
‘Discrete Risk’ in the programme. Some cost decreases are reported, and these are due to the cost benefits of
the ‘Programmised’ approach adopted and from the parametric modelling of the Asbestos Removal and
Demolition costs already incurred for the decommissioning of Buildings 5, 6 & 9. A full reconciliation and
explanation of variances to the 2017 estimate, are discussed further in Section 3.1.
In order to further ensure the integrity of this estimate, work has been performed to benchmark this estimate
against other similar nuclear decommissioning projects and programmes across the world in particular in the UK,
the US and in Europe. It is considered that the estimate presented is consistent with these estimates having
adjusted for factors such as international or cultural differences in labour rates and productivity. Contingency
provisions which represent 22.4% of the total cost estimate are also parametrically analysed and considered to
be consistent to other similar programmes and projects.
Within the €118M estimate, there is a provision for labour of €58.6M which itself includes recovery of €16M
overhead. This review has taken the labour rates provided by NRG which assume an element of overhead
recovery. This review assumes that the labour rates provided will recover all required overhead and that there
will be no significant over or under recovery of this provision.
Recommendations are made in this report to consider future site operations and to progress the realisation of
the following key opportunities and risk mitigations:

    1. Maintain the high standards of housekeeping and seek to decontaminate the ‘Hot Cells’ in particular by
       performing decontamination works during periods of building or facility ‘outage’, and where it is safe and
       economical to do so.

    2. Consider challenging the ‘Green Field’ status to which the decommissioning has to be performed, in
       order to justify for example some flexibility around the removal of foundation pilings below a specific level.

    3. Separate ‘Support & Overhead’ costs from the labour rates and treat the support and overhead costs as
       a specific programme which will make such costs more visible, controllable and subject to performance
       monitoring.

Limitations of this review are also noted in Section 1.

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1.           Introduction
The ‘Nuclear Research & Consultancy Group’ (NRG) is the owner, operator & licence holder of a number of
Radiation Research Facilities and Laboratories within a site located at Petten, Netherlands. Aside from the
research activities performed at the site, NRG is Europe’s single biggest producer and supplier of ‘Molybdenum’,
a radiation source used widely across Europe in hospitals for cancer and other treatments.
NRG require a liability estimate for the cost of decommissioning these facilities to support the ongoing planning
for the future closure of these facilities which is not expected to commence until 2040-2050. It is understood that
this estimate will be used as the basis for a provision to be raised by NRG in its financial statements to reflect the
expected cost of the nuclear decommissioning of its facilities.
NRG have previously engaged Atkins in the construction of a liability estimate for the decommissioning of Petten
facilities in 2017.
The totality of the Petten site consists of a number of radioactive material processing facilities, waste treatment
areas, as well as conventional buildings including office accommodation, which are owned by a number of
different organisations.

Figure 1-1 - The Petten Site

The ‘NRG’ facilities shown in Figure 1 are highlighted in Green. In accordance with instruction from NRG, the
facilities or buildings required to form this estimate is limited only to those buildings which contain a ‘Radioactive
Condition’.
It was agreed with NRG that for this 2020 iteration of the cost estimate the following facilities and buildings would
be included:
    •    Building 7 Research laboratory
    •    Molybdenum Production Facility (MPF)
    •    *Building 15 GBD Building
    •    Building 21 Decontamination Building
    •    Building 22 Water Treatment Building

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•    * Building 24 WTU Building
    •    Building 25 Solid Waste Processing Building (including the Stel-con area used for decontamination)
    •    Building 26 Waste Storage Facility
    •    * Building 28 ‘Fermi Lab’
    •    * Building 400 ‘Jaap Goedkoop’ Laboratory
    •    ‘Sea Discharge Line’ and ‘Other Drains’ between the above buildings

* These facilities were not previously estimated in 2017.
Note: There were three facilities which formed part of the estimate in 2017 (Buildings 5, 6 & 9) which have since
been demolished and returned to a state of ‘Green Field’ and therefore do not form part of the 2020 estimate.
In agreement with NRG, this 2020 cost estimate is calculated as if each area will be decommissioned as a
programme of works. Based on the practical decommissioning programme experience of the Atkins team, the
site is therefore divided into four distinct programmes from an organisational perspective such that NRG will
benefit economically from project synergies where they would likely exist in terms of knowledge,
decommissioning techniques, waste characterisations and physical location. This is a change in approach from
the 2017 estimate where each building was conservatively assumed to have its own project team.
The programmes have been defined as:
    •    ‘Hot Cell Laboratories’ (Building 7 & MPF);
    •    ‘Decontamination and Waste Treatment’ (DWT) facilities (Buildings 21, 22, 24, 25, 26);
    •    ‘Other Buildings’ (Buildings 15, 28 & 400); and
    •    ‘Sea Discharge Line and Other Drains’

The estimate is provided to meet the requirement of this assignment to take account of all costs associated with
the decommissioning of these research and processing facilities. In order to assist with benchmarking, these
costs are presented in accordance with the ‘International Standard for Decommissioning Costs’ (ISDC) format.
The costs are presented as:
    •    Labour costs
    •    Materials and equipment
    •    Other (External contract and waste container/COVRA disposal costs)
    •    Contingency consisting of estimating uncertainty and discrete risk

This document provides an estimate of the costs of decommissioning the research facilities and buildings listed
above, and is an update of the cost estimate carried out in 2017 (Ref 1)
A ‘Benchmarking’ exercise has also been completed to confirm that the estimates are in line with international
experience. In making the comparison between Netherlands and UK facilities, consideration has been made of
similarities and differences between the two countries. Similarities include similar technical understanding of the
challenges and the basis of regulation (EU based). Variations include differences in labour rates, productivity,
waste management (on-site versus off-site storage) and nuclear site staffing levels (UK sites labour costs are
driven by additional bureaucracy).
A further issue in carrying out benchmarking is the issue of currency changes. Estimates are made in 2020
Euros. Comparison with UK projects over the last 10 years is then used to calibrate or adjust these numbers,
but over the same period there have been significant changes in the GBP Euro exchange rate.
Section 3.1 of this report provides a reconciliation of this 2020 estimate with that provided in 2017 along with
analysis of the variations it contains.

1.1.         Limitations
This estimating assignment was performed during a time of travel restrictions and various international ‘lockdown’
conditions caused by the ‘Covid-19’ pandemic. As such it was not possible to physically visit the site and its
processing and waste facilities, research laboratories and other buildings. A visit to the site and its facilities was
however made by a member of the Atkins estimating team back in 2017.
Presentations were also made by senior representatives and scope owners from NRG and information discovery
sessions have taken place with respect to the current activities and condition of the facilities in order to assist
with the delivery of this decommissioning cost estimate.

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2.           Basis of the Cost Estimate
2.1.         Cost Estimate Basis
2.1.1.       Estimate Classification
As with any project estimate, the estimates presented have an element of inherent uncertainty. Such uncertainty
is particularly pertinent in this market because of the uncertain nature of high hazard nuclear decommissioning
work and when considering the time proximity as to when the work will commence.
The overall uncertainty on a cost estimate such as this is expected to be in the range of -30% to +50%, or Class
4 as defined in DOE G 413.3-21 Cost Estimating Guide (Ref 2).
It can also be expected that the estimate class will improve as more information is known and as the work gets
closer to execution and scope, time and cost uncertainties reduce.

2.1.2.       Estimate Methodology
This estimate uses a simplified Engineering Cost Estimating method, supported by qualified and expert
judgement. It builds the overall cost estimate by summing estimates of cost at lower levels of a Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS). Each project has been broken into work packages which have been derived from the ISDC
standard WBS (Ref 3) and these lower-level components are costed separately as follows:

Labour
NRG have stated that they intend to pursue a self-perform strategy where it has the skills to perform
decommissioning works, so the majority of cost will be from employment of NRG staff. Labour cost is provided
by combining direct labour hours with a labour rate to the work element. The Labour rates have been supplied
by NRG and incorporate provisions to cover the site overhead (eg costs of security, regulatory fees, routine and
corrective maintenance, management oversight and support infrastructure) as well as the total cost of
employment.
Estimates for direct labour hours are based on expert judgement and previous decommissioning experience at
Petten (Ref 5).

Materials
Direct materials will include the equipment, consumables and personal protective equipment specifically required
to carry out the project work. This will cover costs of materials and equipment which are specific to the project
and are not covered by the normal site overhead. Estimates for direct materials are based on a percentage of
labour usage and therefore cost. This estimating methodology is based upon experience of similar work on other
nuclear decommissioning projects.
The cost of materials and equipment form part of the benchmarking exercise are reported in Section 8.

Other Costs
The remaining elements of cost (such as costs of external contracts for asbestos and demolition, waste disposal
to COVRA) are estimated separately.
It is assumed that the removal of asbestos from buildings and their demolition will be carried out by external
contractors, as this is specialist work that NRG does not have the skills or equipment to carry out.
There is a cost for an asbestos contract and a demolition contract for each building. Experience from the UK
would highlight that the removal of Asbestos can be time consuming in terms of its identification and safe recovery
in particular where the Asbestos is currently inaccessible and where it will be radiologically contaminated.
Experience also dictates that the volumes of Asbestos which should be anticipated can be significant in buildings
constructed in the 1960’s and 1970’s, and this is factored into the contingency calculations.
The base estimate for Asbestos and Demolition costs are derived by a parametric method from actual costs of
asbestos removal and demolition of buildings 5, 6 and 9 (Ref 5).

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Conventional waste mainly consists of concrete, brick, and to a lesser extent steel, system walls, glass, and other
demolition material. Estimates of the quantities of conventional and radioactive waste from the various facilities
and buildings are taken from Ref 5. It is noted whether or not a building contains asbestos, although the exact
volumes or locations remain largely unknown. Conventional waste disposal is costed within the demolition
contract costs.
Disposal costs of radioactive waste to the Dutch waste repository ‘COVRA’ have been based on revised
estimates for the unit rates of waste disposal (€ per litre), or a landfill for conventional waste is only planned if
other waste routes are not possible or accepted. The unit rates for waste disposal at COVRA have increased
significantly since 2017 and this is considered further in Section 3.1.
Estimates for waste quantities are reflective of waste to be retrieved after the removal of radioactive sources,
inventory and other operational wastes from the facilities, and after performance of the general cleaning and
decontamination operations that are part of normal operations.
The disposal costs at COVRA are included in the study by means of unit waste costs (Ref 6). It is assumed that
a volume of contaminated low-level waste arises from each project, and that a 90% decontamination rate will be
achieved; the risk that this is not achieved is considered in ‘Discrete Risks’. The remaining conditioned waste is
disposed of to COVRA. These estimates are based on the current inventories of materials. For Building 7 and
MPF, there is also assumed to be some residual intermediate level waste that cannot be decontaminated to lower
levels.
Building 24 is currently in a ‘clean’ state, however it is understood that a ‘Waste Transfer Unit’ will be installed
into this building and as such provision is included for the decontamination and decommissioning of this unit also.

2.1.3.       Scope References
The scope of work is set out in the ‘Decommissioning plan for the installations under the installation license of
NRG’ or ‘Preliminary Decommissioning Plan’ (PDP) 913243/19.154472 rev 2 2019 (Ref 4)

2.1.4.       Estimate Assumptions & Exclusions
 Key Assumptions
 The end state required is green field, i.e. buildings, footings and pilings are completely removed and there is
 to be no residual contamination above free release levels
 NRG will perform the work using internal labour unless the skills and equipment do not exist in house.
 Labour rates include all costs of labour and recovery of site support overhead. These are provided in
 Appendix 1
 All operational waste will have been removed from buildings during operation
 Of the radioactive waste to be packaged, 80% will be ‘Non-Pressable’ and will be packaged into 200 litre
 packages with the remaining 20% of waste being Pressable’ and sentenced to 90 litre COVRA packages. It
 is assumed that this split of packages will be acceptable to COVRA and will satisfy regulatory requirements
 and safety cases concerned for the types of containers to be utilised.

 All non-radioactive drains are free from radioactivity
 Buildings constructed in the 1960s are likely to contain asbestos in their construction, buildings built after
 1990 are asbestos free
 There is no contamination in the ground around the buildings
 The decommissioning work will be carried out in four independent programmes: Hot Cell Facilities, DWT,
 Other buildings and Sea discharge line and drains

These key assumptions form the basis of the Discrete Risks and Opportunities.

2.1.5.       Productivity Factors
As this estimate is made on assessments made by experienced Programme Managers (and based on similar
working situations) or based upon a Contractors Fixed Price Contract, the estimates are all inclusive of any issues
that might affect productivity, such as encumbrance (access constraints) and working within Contamination
Controlled or Radiation Controlled Areas.

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2.1.6.       Procurement Strategy
It is assumed that the strategy for carrying out the work will be self-performed by NRG staff supplemented by
subcontractors where there is a shortage of skills and/or competence on site to do the work, for example asbestos
removal and demolition.
It is assumed that supply chain conditions will persist which will enable suitably qualified and experienced
suppliers and contractors to be available in a competitive market environment.

2.1.7.       Common Services
Costs for common services on site are assumed to be included within the NRG labour rates

2.1.8.       Overhead Costs
Site overhead costs are assumed to be included in the NRG labour rates.

2.1.9.       Indexation
All estimates are provided in 2020 money values. To aid with the reconciliation of the 2017-2020 estimates, the
2017 cost estimate has been uplifted by 6.1% in line with published data for the Netherlands CPI between October
2017 and October 2020.

2.2.         Schedule
The work is too far in the future to have any detailed schedule prepared. The assumed overall schedule durations
are based on the Pre-Decommissioning Plan (Ref 4), with duration of individual activities being based on expert
judgement from the Programme Managers.

2.3.         Contingency Analysis
Project uncertainties are typically classified as ‘Estimate Uncertainty’, ‘Discrete Risk Uncertainty’, and ‘Schedule
Duration Uncertainty’. Contingency within the estimate is analysed and benchmarked against other similar
nuclear decommissioning programmes in section 8.2.

2.3.1.       Estimating uncertainty
Estimate uncertainty is determined through an evaluation of the maturity of the information on which the estimate
is based. Atkins has identified a standard estimate uncertainty approach based on the assumption of the estimate
classification.
Generally, the contingency for estimating uncertainty has been added at 10% within project activities, this being
the mid-point of estimating uncertainty within a ‘Class D’ estimate (-30% to +50%) as defined in DOE G 413.3-
21 Cost Estimating Guide (Ref 2). Where there is greater uncertainty in the work to be done, for example where
the extent of scope is not clear or where an inventory assessment will be difficult, a measure of 25% estimating
uncertainty has been applied.

2.3.2.       Discrete risks
Contingency provision due to ‘Discrete Risk’ is determined through a high level risk management process that
identifies the main risks to the projects known at any given point and are based the key assumptions. These
risks are evaluated based upon the current residual impact and probability of occurrence. It is assumed that
mitigation activities are carried out within the labour estimate where appropriate and the post-mitigated risk
evaluation is used to derive the contingency.
For the purposes of this estimate a standard methodology has been utilised for estimating discrete risk, that is to
say, an assessment has been made of the risk materialising and this is multiplied by the considered probability
of impact. For reference and for benchmarking, an accrual based method has been considered whereby the full
impact of contingencies are considered where the probability of impact is considered to be 50% or greater. In
the case of this estimate the two methods have been considered and the delta between the two is not considered
to be material. The standard estimating methodology is therefore taken into the estimate.

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2.3.3.          Schedule uncertainty
It is not possible to carry out schedule uncertainty analysis in the absence of a detailed schedule. Therefore, for
each of the four programmes, schedule uncertainty is represented by a single risk of delay within Discrete Risks.

3.              Total NRG Estimate
Calculations for the cost estimate to decommission the NRG facilities are presented by programme as follows:
                                                                                                All figures in Euro Thousands
                                                                                   Total                                                                Materials &
                                                                                                                                   Contract Costs
                                                                Total Cost      Contingency       Base Cost         Labour                              Equipment Other Costs
                                                                 A=B+C              B           C=D+E+F+G              D                 E                  F            G
                                             2020 estimate       118,291          27,150            91,141          58,621                   8,068         7,874        16,577
            Total NRG Estimate         2017 Estimate uplifted         103,236        16,420             86,816          65,473                      -           5,237     16,106
                                               2017 estimate           97,327        15,480             81,847          61,726                      -           4,938     15,184

                                            2020 estimate           69,163         15,647             53,517          34,364                  2,237         5,106        11,809
  Hot Cell Laboratories - Programme
                                      2017 Estimate uplifted           59,813           9,439           50,374          34,961                      -           2,959     12,453
                                Total
                                               2017 estimate           56,389           8,899           47,490          32,960                      -           2,790     11,740

                                      2020 estimate                 30,301          7,388             22,913          14,840                  3,288         1,849         2,936
 DWT Compound - Programme Total 2017 Estimate uplifted                 24,761           3,874           20,886          17,319                      -           1,313        2,255
                                               2017 estimate           23,343           3,653           19,691          16,328                      -           1,238        2,126

                                           2020 estimate              5,050             590            4,461           2,404                    820             253          983
       Sea Discharge and other lines 2017 Estimate uplifted             4,170            648             3,522             2,975                    -            276          271
                                               2017 estimate            3,931            611             3,320             2,805                    -            260          255

                                           2020 estimate            13,777          3,526             10,251           7,012                  1,723             666          849
                     Other Buildings 2017 Estimate uplifted            14,493           2,458           12,034          10,217                      -            689         1,127
                                               2017 estimate           13,664           2,317           11,346             9,633                    -            650         1,063

Table 3-1 - Total NRG Estimate
Note - The ‘Other Costs’ in column G above relate to the costs of disposing radiological waste to ‘COVRA’
Labour costs (column D) incorporates a provision of €16M for site overhead recovery.
Each of the Programme estimates are considered in Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7, with the detailed calculations in the
Appendices.
While the detailed calculations have been created on an individual programme and project basis, an exercise
has been performed to ‘Benchmark’ these cost estimates against other similar nuclear facilities embarking on
nuclear decommissioning programmes across the world, and this is reported in Section 8.
Contingency requirements are also considered in each of the individual programme sections, and also considered
as a benchmark for contingencies against other similar programmes in section 8.1.

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3.1.         Reconciliation to 2017 Estimate
Part of the Benchmarking exercise is to reconcile to what had previously been presented in the same estimating
exercise in the previous 2017 estimate to ensure consistency of approach and to suitably explain variations to
ensure the integrity of the estimate. The reconciliation is presented as follows:
                                       Reconciliation of estimate                               €000
                                                     2017 Estimate 97,327
                       Netherlands CPI Uplift (Oct 2017 - Oct 2020)   5,910                                           6.1%
                           less Buildings 5, 6 & 9 Decommissioned (14,493)
                               add New Buildings 15, 24, 28 & 400 15,599
                                                      Discrete Risks 14,250
                                     Estimate increase / (decrease)    (302)
                                                     2020 Estimate 118,291

Table 3-2 - Reconciliation to 2017 estimate

3.1.1.       Netherlands inflation Uplift
The uplift in prices has been taken from the published CPI data as follows:

                                                                                                                    CPI    % change
                                                                                                        Oct-20       108.3
                                                                                                        Oct-19       107.3
                                                                                                                             6.1%
                                                                                                        Oct-18       104.2
                                                                                                        Oct-17       102.1

Figure 3-1 - Netherlands Inflation (CPI) data

The outcome is that 2017 price values need to be uplifted by 6.1% in order to provide a suitable comparison.
(108.3/102.1 = 1.061)

3.1.2.       Buildings 5, 6 & 9
This cost represents the values incorporated in the 2017 estimate which have been decommissioned since 2017
and therefore are eliminated from this estimate. Actual cost data supplied by NRG from the decommissioning of
these buildings has been parametrically modelled to create estimates for the Demolition and Asbestos Removal
activities of other NRG buildings and facilities pertinent to this estimate.
The actual cost data collated from NRG is not reflective of the full costs of decommissioning since at least 75%
of the decontamination and decommissioning work had already been completed prior to the capturing of any
costs. This is considered in more detail in Section 8.1 however it is reasonable to assert that all Asbestos
Recovery and Building Demolition costs were captured in the cost data provided and is therefore a sensible basis
for parametric cost modelling for other building estimates.

3.1.3.       New Buildings 15, 24, 28 & 400
These buildings did not form part of the cost estimate in 2017, but in line with instruction received from NRG have
been included in this 2020 cost estimate.

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3.1.4.        Contingency for Discrete Risk
Owing to time constraints with the preparation of the 2017 estimate risk and contingency was considered against
each activity as a complete cost provision.
A more considered approach has been used for the 2020 estimate for contingency assessment which is
consistent with international estimating methods and more likely to be reflective of international decommissioning
experiences. That is to say that contingency has been considered in terms of both ‘Estimating Uncertainty’ which
is included in each of the building estimates and explained in Section 2.3.1, and ‘Discrete Risk’.
Discrete Risks have been considered for each programme and focuses on the main assumptions upon which the
estimate is based, and the likelihood and impact of these assumptions being breached. Details for each of the
values for Discrete Risk are tabled in sections 4, 5 & 6 with a benchmarking exercise performed as to the overall
view on the contingency estimate provided in Benchmarking section 8.

3.1.5.        Estimate increase
There are some areas where costs changes have been experienced in the estimate as a result of:
    -      Known unit rate changes (eg waste disposal costs),
    -      Change in approach to the estimating (eg Programmisation) or
    -      A reassessment as to the time it will take, or the costs involved in performing decommissioning work.
           This in turn could be because either better data is available from other known decommissioning works
           at similar facilities, there is now a better understanding of the scope of work, or simply there has been a
           different view taken on the costs of performing the work.

The analysis of the cost increases between the 2020 and 2017 estimates, forming part of this reconciliation is
as follows:

   Analysis of Estimate increase               Hot Cell Laboratories -                                                          Sea
        All figures in €000                      Programme Total                   DWT Compound - Programme Total            Discharge
                                     Total    Building 7       MPF       Building 21 Building 22 Building 25 Building 26        Line
Labour                              8,990       1,459         5,289         523           492         896           252         78
Waste Disposal                       303         (472)        (172)         (6)           (22)        (4)           267         713
Demolition                         (4,976)      (1,303)       (817)         125          (2,070)      46        (1,067)         110
Asbestos                            1,422        458            0           252           150         74            489          0
Programmisation                    (8,607)       (484)       (4,248)      (1,063)         (89)      (1,009)     (1,063)        (652)
Other (e.g. Mats & Equip)           2,566       1,009         1,156         (87)          (245)       174           (72)        632

Total                              (302)        668          1,207        (257)        (1,784)       178      (1,195)          881
Table 3-3 - Analysis of cost estimate increases in the 2020 estimate

3.1.5.1.    Labour
The main estimate change is an increase in the time it is will take to perform the initial decontamination work in
the ‘Hot Cells’ programme (Building 7 and the MPF). In particular the realisation of the contamination levels
which exist within the ‘Hot Cells’ themselves.
The Hot Cells consist of a 6mm Stainless Steel box within which radiation experiments and processing occurs.
The boxes are surrounded by a construction of lead brick enclosure which provides a shielding barrier for the
radiation emitting from the boxes. The radiological contamination arisings from activities within the ‘Hot Cells’
were discussed at the 2020 estimate presentations and represent significant doses of radiation. As such this will
take a significant amount of time to clean and decontaminate using a simple but cost-effective remote technique.
The assumption is that this technique will be successful in reducing contamination levels such that the brick can
be removed and the stainless-steel boxes manually retrieved and packaged ahead of their onward despatch to
‘COVRA’. The risk that this technique will be unsuccessful is considered in Discrete Risks, section 4.5.

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3.1.5.2.   Waste Disposal
The costs of waste disposal are predicated on:
    -    The assumptions for waste quantities confirmed by NRG, the discrete risks of which are considered in
         sections 4, 5 & 6.
    -    The costs of waste disposal. The costs being passed on by COVRA to accept and store waste packages
         are higher than those assumed in 2017, this is consistent with information presented by the NRG
         representatives which highlighted significant increases in waste disposal costs (up to 17.5% per year).

3.1.5.3.    Demolition and Asbestos
The cost estimates for Demolition and Asbestos removal have been taken from the parametric modelling
performed based on the Buildings 5, 6 & 9 which have now been decommissioned. Overall, there is a decrease
in the cost estimate for demolition work, while Asbestos Removal highlights a marginal increase from the
parametric modelling. Experience has however dictated that it is likely that more Asbestos will be found in
Buildings which were built in the 1960’s and 1970’s in particular, and as such this is considered within the ‘Discrete
Risk’ sections of each Programme.

3.1.5.4.     Programmisation
Section 1 outlines a change in approach to the estimating, insofar as the work from an organisational perspective
will be best delivered as a series of Programmes. The synergy which NRG will benefit from here will relate to
the fact that the project management teams will be assigned to each programme rather than each project. This
is consistent with experience gained from other nuclear decommissioning programmes.

3.1.5.5.    Materials and Equipment
The valuation of specific materials and equipment used in decommissioning is generally a function of the labour
using it. That is to say that as the labour requirement increases, so too does the need for materials, equipment,
personal protective clothing, laundry etc

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4.           Hot Cell Laboratories
4.1.         Description of the Facilities
The ‘Hot Cell Laboratories’ (HCL) consists of two independent buildings. These are:
     •    Building 7, the Research Laboratory (RL), and
     •    The Molybdenum Production Facility (MPF).
The two buildings are interconnected by corridors and a connecting hallway that can be used as an escape route.
The RL is used to carry out extensive research programmes on nuclear fuels and structural materials derived
from graphite moderated reactors, light-water reactors, fast breeder reactors and fusion reactor technology.
Radioisotopes (medical and non-medical) are also pre-processed, packaged and transported, and low and
intermediate level waste is conditioned and packaged, e.g. characterised, separated, reduced in size and
packaged.
The RL building is a structurally independent facility for which the building permit was issued on 27 November
1961; the laboratory was inaugurated on 5 December 1964. The RL was expanded in 1995 to include the
Molybdenum Production Facility (HCL-MPF), which is described in Section 4.4.
The building contains a central hall, which is surrounded on the south side by concrete-enclosed hot cells. This
cell line is designed for processing highly active (HA) components. Lead-lined hot cells, the 'lead cells' (F-cells
and G-cells), are located on the east and north sides. These lead cells may contain small amounts of activity and
are equipped with equipment to measure mechanical properties and to carry out metallographic procedures. All
cells are fitted with lead glass windows. A separate part of the building contains the actinide laboratory in which
chemical research is carried out on non-irradiated samples of actinides in gloveboxes.
The building contains two basements capable of providing dry interim storage of radioactive objects.
All parts of the facility are connected to the ventilation system, and the ventilation is fitted with absolute filters.
From routine operations it is known that the ventilation system is clean beyond these filters.
Characteristic work in RL involves:
    •    dismantling irradiation capsules by mechanical operations;
    •    conditioning, separation, reduction and packaging of radioactive waste;
    •    supply and removal of radioactive material to or from the cell line and the storage basin;
    •    non-destructive testing (NDT) of nuclear fuels and irradiated capsules;
    •    destructive testing of substances other than nuclear fuels;
    •    chemical treatment of material other than nuclear fuels.
The following waste streams can be distinguished at HCL-RL.
    •    Solid and liquid waste from the production of isotopes for medical and industrial applications;
    •    Waste from experiments;
    •    Waste generated during the operation and maintenance of HCL-RL;
    •    Waste from the processing of legacy waste in Building 26, the Waste Storage Facility (WSF); see Section
         5.7.
After processing, the waste is transferred to COVRA, possibly after temporary storage in WSF.
Certain research techniques release gaseous fission products, which are discharged in a controlled way through
the adjacent chimney. These emissions almost exclusively involve the noble gases krypton and xenon.
The HCL-RL is constructed of brick and (probably also partially reinforced) concrete. The open central space in
the building is equipped with a large overhead crane. There are storage pipes in the floor. There is also a small
water basin, intended for the storage of irradiated material.

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4.2.         Overall HCL Programme Estimate
                                                               All figures in Euro Thousands
                                                                                        Contract     Materials &
                           Total Cost Contingency        Base Cost       Labour          Costs       Equipment Other Costs
                                                       C=D+E+F+
                            A=B+C             B           G                 D                  E           F            G

        2020 estimate      69,163         15,647         53,517         34,364          2,237          5,106        11,809
 2017 Estimate uplifted     59,813          9,439          50,374         34,961               0         2,959        12,453
          2017 estimate     56,389          8,899          47,490         32,960               0         2,790        11,740

          Discrete risk    7,475          7,475
Building 7
       2020 estimate       36,174         5,184          30,990         19,553          1,780          2,747         6,910
 2017 Estimate uplifted     35,506          5,579          29,927         20,695               0         1,851        7,382
     2017 estimate          33,474          5,260          28,214         19,510               0         1,745        6,959

MPF
        2020 estimate       25,514           2,988       22,527         14,812            457          2,359         4,899
  2017 Estimate uplifted    24,307          3,861          20,447         14,267               0         1,108        5,071
          2017 estimate     22,916          3,640          19,276         13,450               0         1,045        4,781

Table 4-1 - 'Hot Cell Laboratories' - Programme Cost Estimate

4.3.         Building 7 - Research Laboratory
4.3.1.       Project Description and Schedule
The project scope is to complete the decommissioning of the facility to a green field. This will be a 6-year project.
It is assumed that one year will be spent in preparing the decommissioning plan, getting approval for the project
(financial and safety) and procurement of specialist contractors.
The second year will involve post operational clean out, characterisation, removal of residual asbestos, and the
start of decontamination on the cell line.
The third year will involve the decontamination and dismantling of the cell line, including the two facilities at either
end of the building
The fourth year will involve decontamination and dismantling of the caves, as well as the basin and storage cells.
The fifth year will be final decontamination activities for the ventilation plant and demolition of building structures.
The final year will involve the final clearance of the facility. A final free release survey will be carried out along
with final site landscaping.

4.3.2.       Building specific assumptions, characteristics and factors
The following assumptions have been made based upon site visits and information provided by NRG:
    •    The ventilation plant is contaminated up to the HEPA filters
    •    The pond liner has not leaked.
    •    The foul drain system is not contaminated.
    •    Radioactive waste will be packaged into 90 litre COVRA drums
    •    The bulk of waste will be free released, with decontamination in the Petten facility if required
    •    Non-decontaminable radioactive waste not requiring shielding will be packaged in 90 litre containers–
         assume 115m3 arising
    •    Of the non-decontaminable waste, some will be intermediate level radioactive waste requiring shielding.
         This will be packaged in 90 litre drums assume 50m3 arising

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•    There is no contamination of the ground under the foundation of the facilities during decommissioning,
         resulting in additional site remediation.
    •    The cost of removal of 11300m3 of conventional waste to be recycled or disposed of is included in the
         demolition contract.
    •    Disposal of asbestos waste arising is included in the asbestos removal contract
    •    This estimate contains the Project management element for the Hot Cells Facilities Programme

4.3.3.        Cost Estimate Summary – Building 7
All figures in €000.
                                                                      Material
 ISDC Level
                                                Labour   Contract       and         Other                Estimating
         1
                                                 costs    Costs      Equipment      costs     Base cost Contingency Total cost
         01           Pre-decommissioning        783        0            20           0         803          80       883
         02     Facility shutdown activities    1,018       0           204           0        1,221        122      1,343
               Additional activities for safe
         03
                 enclosure or entombment
                                                  0          0            0           0           0            0          0
            Dismantling activities within the
         04
                             controlled area
                                                8,274       566        1,655          0        10,495       2,098      12,593
             Waste processing, storage and
         05
                                    disposal
                                                4,244        0          849         6,910      12,002       2,237      14,239

         06 Site infrastructure and operation     0          0            0           0           0            0          0

                 Conventional dismantling,
         07
              demolition and site restoration
                                                 50        1,214         20           0         1,284        128        1,413

                      Project management,
         08
               engineering and site support
                                                5,184        0            0           0         5,184        518        5,702
         09      Research and development          0         0           0            0           0           0           0
         10        Fuel and nuclear material       0         0           0            0           0           0           0
         11     Miscellaneous expenditures         0         0           0            0           0           0           0
                                      Totals    19,553     1,780       2,747        6,910      30,990        17%       36,174

Table 4-2 - Building 7 - Cost Estimate Summary

4.4.          Molybdenum Production Facility (MPF)
4.4.1.        Description of the facilities
The Molybdenum Production Facility (MPF) is an integral part of the Hot Cell Laboratories (HCL), which in
addition to MPF also includes the Research Laboratory (RL, see Section 4.3). The MPF is a structural extension
of the RL building and is located on its west side.
It is where the isotope molybdenum-99 is separated from 'targets'. The targets, consisting of an alloy of aluminium
and enriched U-235, are irradiated with neutrons in the HFR to produce Mo-99 as one of the fission products of
the uranium. This radionuclide decays to the isotope technetium-99m, which is used for medical diagnostic
applications. Separation of the Mo-99 isotope is a chemical process that involves a number of purification and
separation steps.
The process produces solid, liquid and gaseous radioactive waste. The process steps are always designed to
minimise the amount of waste generated during the production process. Working procedures have been devised
in such a way that no unnecessary waste is generated.
Solid waste drums are temporarily stored in the HCL-RL storage facility in order to eliminate short-lived
radioactive substances, after which they are transported to COVRA for processing. Liquid waste is stored in small
drums and transported to COVRA for processing. Gaseous radioactive waste is discharged by the cell ventilation
system through delay filters to the HCL chimney.
The building's exterior walls are brick construction, while the basement, floors and roof are constructed of
reinforced concrete. Exterior walls have cavity wall insulation. The building has a steel-beam frame structure.
Rough masonry interior walls have been erected between the beams (columns). The foundation consists of
reinforced concrete beams and foundation piles driven to a depth of 20 meters.

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A basement under the ground floor consists of two reinforced concrete compartments containing drums for the
short-term storage of liquid waste. The access to both rooms is barred by a lead-filled door and a stacked lead
wall.
The maintenance/transport hall (M/T hall) occupies the central area on the ground floor. This hall is where the
two cell lines are located. An overhead crane has been installed in the M/T hall. A production line is operated
from workstations located on the east and west sides of the M/T hall. There is also a radiation monitoring room
in the south end of MPF, as well as a number of workstations and laboratories.
The liquid-waste transport sluice and transfer area is located at the north end. The rooms are separated by
removable partitions. A hatch in the ceiling of the transport sluice provides access to the M/T hall.
The first-floor wraps around the M/T hall and therefore has a U-shape. A room on the southwest side houses the
air supply systems. The filter units, fans and glovebox for the production lines are located on the east and west
sides. The south part of the U-shape is also equipped with filter boxes and air extraction fans.

4.4.2.       Project Description and Schedule
The project scope is to complete the decommissioning of the facility to a green field. This will be a 5-year project.
It is assumed that one year will be spent in preparing the decommissioning plan, getting approval for the project
(financial and safety) and procurement of specialist contractors.
The second year will involve post operational clean out, characterisation, and the start of decontamination on the
cell lines.
The third year will involve the decontamination and dismantling of the cell lines, decontamination of the liquid
tanks and the ventilation plant.
The fourth year will include the dismantling of the liquid tanks and the demolition of the building structure.
The final year will involve the final clearance of the facility. A final free release survey will be carried out along
with final site landscaping.

4.4.3.       Building specific assumptions, characteristics and factors
The following assumptions have been made based upon earlier site visits and information provided by NRG:
    •    The starting point for the decommissioning is that there are no operational wastes remaining in the facility
         as these have all been processed during operation
    •    The ventilation plant is contaminated
    •    The drainage system is contaminated.
    •    The foul drain system is not contaminated.
    •    It is assumed that it will be possible to decontaminate the cell boxes to levels where they can be size
         reduced manually
    •    Decontamination fluids will leave via the COVRA liquids route
    •    The bulk of waste will be free released, with decontamination in the Petten facility if required
    •    Non-decontaminable radioactive waste not requiring shielding will be packaged in 90 litre containers –
         assume 70m3 arising
    •    Of the non-decontaminable waste, some will be intermediate level radioactive waste requiring shielding.
         This will be packaged in 90 litre drums assume 50m 3 arising
    •    There is no contamination of the ground under the foundation of the facilities during decommissioning,
         resulting in additional site remediation.
    •    The cost of removal of 1,220m3 of conventional waste to be recycled or disposed of is included in the
         demolition contract.
    •    There is no asbestos in this facility

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4.4.4.                 Cost Summary - MPF
All figures in € Thousands
                                                                                                                   Material
 ISDC Level
                                                                             Labour         Contract                 and                Other                      Estimating
         1
                                                                              costs          Costs                Equipment             costs           Base cost Contingency Total cost
               01                      Pre-decommissioning                    783              0                     20                   0               803          80       883
               02     Facility shutdown activities                           1,708             0                     20                   0              1,728        173      1,901
                     Additional activities for safe
               03
                       enclosure or entombment
                                                                                0                  0                   0                   0                  0                  0                  0
                  Dismantling activities within the
               04
                                   controlled area
                                                                              7,252                0                 1,450                 0               8,703                870               9,573
                   Waste processing, storage and
               05
                                          disposal
                                                                              4,244                0                 849                4,899              9,991                1,734             11,725

               06 Site infrastructure and operation                             0                  0                   0                   0                  0                  0                  0

                          Conventional dismantling,
               07
                       demolition and site restoration
                                                                                0                457                  20                   0                477                  48                525

                                 Project management,
               08
                          engineering and site support
                                                                               825                 0                   0                   0                825                  83                908
               09             Research and development   0                                        0                    0                  0                   0                  0                   0
               10                                        0
                                 Fuel and nuclear material                                        0                    0                  0                   0                  0                   0
               11           Miscellaneous expenditures   0                                        0                    0                  0                   0                  0                   0
                                               Totals 14,812                                     457                 2,359              4,899              22,527               13%               25,514

Table 4-3 – MPF - Cost Estimate Summary

4.5.                   Discrete Programme Risk
The following table identifies the main discrete risks associated with this programme of work for the Hot Cell
facilities. The most likely value of contingency associated with these risks is £7.475m and is the additional
contingency included in the overall programme cost.
                                                                                                                                                                                  Expected cost
                                                                                                       Probability                                                                                 Alternative
Risk                                   Consequence                            Impact    Max (kEuro)                  Probability   Risk score Mitigation                           Estimating
                                                                                                         range                                                                                      method
                                                                                                                                                                                     method
                                                                                                                                               Asbestos survey as part of
Unexpected asbestos found in           Project delay to completion and
                                                                             Marginal      500          Possible        50%          Low       characterisation to plan work            250             500
building fabric                        additional contract costs
                                                                                                                                               in
                                     A dismantling facility must be
Decontamination techniques are
                                     contructed in the building and/or                                                                         Selection of proven techniques
not effective in reducing cell liner                                          Major       13,000        Unlikely        10%        Medium                                               1,300
                                     a new transport container must                                                                            for in-cell decontamination
dose rates
                                     be provided
                                                                                                                                               Maintain a range of
Decontamination of wastes (eg
                                       Additional container costs and                                                                          decontamination techniques
cell liners) is not as successful as                                         Moderate     10,000        Possible        20%        Medium                                               2,000
                                       shipments to COVRA                                                                                      available for the corse of the
anticipated (90=> 80%)
                                                                                                                                               project
                                                                                                                                               Ensure detailed
                                       Project team employed for an
Schedule delay                                                               Marginal     5,000          Likely         50%        Medium      characterisation work and                2,500        5,000
                                       additional period (1 year)
                                                                                                                                               planning are carried out
Volume of waste arisings is                                                                                                                    Ensure detailed
                                       Additional container costs and
greater than estimated (additional                                           Marginal     2,800         Possible        25%          Low       characterisation work and                700
                                       shipments to COVRA
25%)                                                                                                                                           planning are carried out
Basin liner has leaked and
                                       Additional project cost               Marginal      300          Possible        25%          Low                                                 75
contaminated the concrete
Inactive drains have been
                                       Additional project cost               Marginal      500          Unlikely        10%          Low                                                 50
contaminated in the past
It is not possible to release the      This will mean a more complex
                                                                                                                                               Maximise the decontamination
building uncontaminated to the         and less efficient demolition         Marginal     2,000         Possible        25%        Medium                                               500
                                                                                                                                               work by the internal team
demolition contractor                  process.
Discovery of exotic materials,
contaminated with radioactivity,                                                                                                               Ensure detailed
                                       Delays and additional waste costs -
that are difficult to dispose of,                                            Marginal     2,000         Unlikely        5%           Low       characterisation work and                100
                                       possibly additional processing
such as beryllium, organic tars and                                                                                                            planning are carried out
oils, PCBs.
                                                                               MAX        36,100                                               Contingency at P50                       7,475

                                                                                                                                               Alternative methodology                  5,500

Table 4-4 - Discrete Risks for the HCL Programme

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5.           Decontamination and Waste Treatment
             Area (DWT)
5.1.         Description of the facilities
The Decontamination and Waste Treatment (DWT) facility has been operational since 1962. The DWT complex
consists of four buildings: The Decontamination Building (Building 21), Water Treatment Building (Building 22),
Solid Waste Treatment Building (Building 25) and Waste Transfer Unit Building (Building 24). There is also a
liquid-tight floor on the north side of the Solid Waste Treatment Building. Also associated with the DWT is the
Waste Storage Facility (Building 26).
Operations involving radioactive substances, and, to a limited extent, nuclear fuels take place within the various
buildings of the DWT and on the liquid-tight storage floor outside, such as:
    •    handling and storage of radioactively contaminated material and objects;
    •    treatment and storage of radioactive contaminated liquid waste;
    •    treatment / storage of radioactive contaminated solid waste;
    •    storage of radioactive material and fuel-containing items (e.g. sources and containers);
    •    preparation for transport of radioactive and, where applicable, fuel-contaminated waste.
In this connection, 'storage' refers to the storage of material and components prior to carrying out treatment or
pending transport after treatment.
The work performed in DWT is generally carried out in a single building. However, some work may also be carried
out partly or entirely in one of the other buildings or on the liquid-tight floor. For example, decontamination of
contaminated objects takes place primarily in the Decontamination Building.
Occasionally, these activities can also take place in a cell of the Solid Waste Treatment Building or, in special
cases, on the liquid-tight floor. The facilities for cleaning pipes and tubes originating from the oil and gas industry
(the pipe cleaning facility) are also located in the Solid Waste Treatment Building.

5201713.01 | 1.0 | 5 February 2021
Atkins | FINAL Report Petten Facilities Decommisisoning cost estimate 2020 v5.0 (200 Litre drum for NON PRESSABLE
WASTE ONLYV1.0                                                                                                      Page 21 of 43
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