PROCEDURA DA SEGUIRE ALL'INIZIO DI OGNI LEZIONE SUBITO SI ENTRA IN AULA 'VIRTUALE' - Università di Cagliari
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PROCEDURA DA SEGUIRE ALL'INIZIO DI OGNI LEZIONE SUBITO SI ENTRA IN AULA 'VIRTUALE’ Trovate l’icona del microfono dello studente / della studentessa, cliccate sulla freccia e attivate i vostri microfoni. Poi, subito dopo, regolate il volume portandolo a zero (per evitare il problema dei rumori di fondo di molti partecipanti). Chi è stato chiesto dal docente di parlare o chi vuole chiedere o dire qualcosa può cliccare sull’icona dello studente con la mano alzata.
Università degli Studi di Cagliari
LAUREA MAGISTRALE SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI E
DELLA NUTRIZIONE (LM 61)
II SEMESTRE A.A. 2019-2020
ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE 1° ANNO
Geoffrey Gray
Lezione n° 17: 28 aprile 2020LESSON 17 TODAY: Questions for oral exam Lexis for the environment (594-95) Lexis for presenting facts and figures (564-65) SAN: Comparing past eating habits with present eating habits in the western world
Università degli Studi di Cagliari
LAUREA MAGISTRALE SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI E
DELLA NUTRIZIONE (LM 61)
II SEMESTRE A.A. 2019-2020
ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE 1° ANNO
Geoffrey Gray
Examples of questions for oral exam.
PDF 1 / PDF 2 / PDF 3 / etc. = PowerPoint Presentation
on my home page for Lesson 1 / Lesson 2 / Lesson 3, etc.GRAMMAR: Listen to me and answer the question(s) 1) Answer these three questions: How’s your best friend? What’s your best friend like? What does your best friend like? PDF 1 2) Talk about: Something you have already planned to do. Something happening at the moment. PDF 2 3) Explain the difference between: Steve plays football. Steve was playing football. PDF 2 4) Tell me: Something you used to do. Something you did last night. Something you have never done. PDF 4 / PDF 5 / PDF 6. 5) How long have you had your smartphone? Answer this question with both ‘since’ and ‘for’. PDF 6 6) What will you do as soon as you get your degree in the science of food and nutrition? What would you like to do when you get this degree? PDF 18 7) If, during the COVID-19 period, you had been the leader of the Italian government rather than a student, what would you have done? PDF 19
LEXIS AND FALSE FRIENDS 1) What’s an ‘agenda’ and what’s a ‘diary’? PDF 3 2) Talk about what you do in your free time? What are your favourite sports activities or leisure activities? PDF 4 3) ‘Assume, ‘attitude’ and ‘aptitude’: what do they mean? PDF 7 4) Parts of the human body, Health problems, Remedies (Book 558-589) PDF 9 5) Asking for and giving advice about health (pages 560-61) PDF 10 6) ‘Recipe’, ‘receipt’, ‘prescription’ and ‘subscription’: what do they mean? PDF 11 7) Descbring someone’s personality. What’s the opposite of: modest, easy going, careful, energetic, confident, cheerful, sociable, generous, optimistic, caring? (Book 568-69) PDF 13
TERMINOLOGY FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE 1) Lexis for fruit and vegetables, meat, fish and legumes, milk and dairy products. Adjectives for describing taste. Dressings and condiments. Bread, cereals and potatoes. (book, page 578) PDF 2 2) A well-balanced diet is the key to developing a healthy pregnancy. How many calories and what food should a pregnant woman eat during the first semester, second semester and the third semester? PDF 18 3) What are nutrients, macronutrients and micronutrients? PDF 3 4) Iron is an essential constituent of which two proteins that store and transport oxgen? (One of them has a name that means ‘blood’, the other has an name that means ‘muscle’.) PDF 4 5) What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? PDF 7 6) How are carbohydrates, amino acids and fats digested? PDF 10 7) Why does the human body need water? (There are 6 reasons +.) PDF 12
GENERAL CONVERSATION 1) Where do you come from? Tell me some good things and some bad things about your home town or city. Are there any important buildings or monuments? Talk about the economy and job opportunities. 2) How do you imagine your life in 2030? Where do you think you will be living? What kind of career do you think you will have? Will you have a family of your own? 3) If you could meet a famous person, who would you choose? Why would would like to meet that person? What would you ask him/her? 4) The world is in danger. Global warming, plastic in the oceans, the risk of other pandemics after COVID-19 are just some of the problems. What can biologists do to save the planet? What should our priorities be? 5) In 2018 Arianna Grande had a hit single with a song entitled “God is a Woman”. Do women now have all the same opportunities as men? Or do they still suffer discrimination? 6) Imagine that you had a time machine. Would you travel to the past or to the future? Which year would you travel to? And why? 7) Talk about someone who has had a great influence on you. It could be a friend, a member of your family or someone you have never met. Why is that person important for you?
Lexis: the environment La natura = John was interested in the nature, the wildlife and the birds. L’ambiente = Industrial development is causing widespread damage to the environment.
The Environment (book 594-95) 1. A belief that animals should be treated well by people. Sometimes it is argued they should not be used for scientific experiments. 2. The variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region. 3. All the plants and animals in a particular area, considered as a system with parts that depend on one another. 4. A gas without colour or smell, produced when you breathe out or when substances containing carbon are burnt.
The Environment (book 594-95) 1. A belief that animals should be treated well by people. Sometimes it is argued they should not be used for scientific experiments. animal rights 2. The variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region. biodiversity 3. All the plants and animals in a particular area, considered as a system with parts that depend on one another. ecosystem 4. A gas without colour or smell, produced when you breathe out or when substances containing carbon are burnt. CO2, carbon dioxide (andride carbonica)
The Environment (book 594-95) 5. A poisonous gas without colour or smell, produced by the engines of vehicles. 6. The fact that the Earth is getting hotter because of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called the ______ ______ or ______ _______ . 7. Your carbon ______ is the sum of all emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2 (carbon dioxide), which were caused by your activities in a given time frame. 8. Benzina senza piombo.
The Environment (book 594-95) 5. A poisonous gas without colour or smell, produced by the engines of vehicles. carbon monoxide (monosiddo di carbonio) 6. The fact that the Earth is getting hotter because of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect or global warming. Also: global heating, climate change / crisis 7. Your carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2 (carbon dioxide), which were caused by your activities in a given time frame. 8. Benzina senza piombo. Unleaded petrol.
The Environment (book 594-95) 7. Inquinare 8. Pioggia acida 9. Uragano 10. Plants grown for food, usually on a farm. 11. A long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die. 12. A serious lack of food that continues for a long time and causes many people in a country to become ill or die. 13. Last year, the _____ caused _____ failure and led to widespread _____ .
The Environment (book 594-95) 7. Inquinare / Inquinamento Pollute / Pollution 8. Pioggia acida Acid rain 9. Uragano Hurricane 10. Plants grown for food, usually on a farm.Crops 11. A long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die. Drought 12. A serious lack of food that continues for a long time and causes many people in a country to become ill or die. Famine 13. Last year, the drought caused crop failure and led to widespread famine.
The Environment (book 594-55) 14. A type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct (specie in via di estinzione) 15. A large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before. (The southwest of England has been badly hit by _____s.) 16. Come pensi che l’uomo vivrà fra vent’anni? 17. Sono dell’opinione che fra cinquant’anni tutta l’energia sarà ad alimentare solare. 18. Se la plastica viene gettata nelle discariche, ci vogliono 450 anni perché si dissolva.
The Environment (book 594-95) 14. A type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct (specie in via di estinzione) endangered species 15. A large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before. flood (The southwest of England has been badly hit by floods.) 16. Come pensi che l’uomo vivrà fra vent’anni? How do you think people will be living in twenty years’ time? 17. Sono dell’opinione che fra cinquant’anni tutta l’energia sarà ad alimentare solare. I’m of the opinion that in fifty years all energy will be solar powered.
The Environment (book 594-95) 18. Se la plastica viene gettata nelle discariche, ci vogliono 450 anni perché si dissolva. If plastic is thrown away in landfills, it takes 450 years to decompose.
The Environment
The Environment Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased sharply in the last thousand years.
Lexis for English (book 564-65) You do an experiment in the laboratory. How do you present the results? Translate: UPWARD TRENDS: - raddoppiato - aumentato vertiginosamente - balzato - aumentato / cresciuto - salito DOWNWARD TRENDS: - diminuito - sceso - caduto - dimezzato
Lexis for General English (book 564-65) You do an experiment in the laboratory. How do present the results? UPWARD TRENDS - raddoppiato doubled - aumentato vertiginosamente rocketed - balzato jumped (The amount jumped from 15 to 96) - aumentato / cresciuto rose / increased /grew - salito went up DOWNWARD TRENDS - diminuito declined /decreased - sceso fell / went down - caduto dropped - dimezzato halved /reduced by a half
STABLE TRENDS - mantenere lo stesso livello - rimanere stabile /costante - essere invariato DESCRIBING CHANGES (adverbs) - vertiginosamente - bruscamente - rapidamente - considerevolmente - gradualmente - moderatamente / lievemente - lentamente
STABLE TRENDS - mantenere lo stesso livello maintain the same level - rimanere stabile /costante stay stable /constant - essere invariato / is unchanged DESCRIBING CHANGES (adverbs) - vertiginosamente The price of apples ROCKETED - bruscamente sharply /steeply - rapidamente rapidly /quickly - considerevolmente substantially - gradualmente gradually - moderatamente / lievemente moderately /slightly - lentamente slowly
Talk about this graph. This graph shows that… What do you notice about the quantity of CO2 emissions before and after 1988?
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Translate: Come si può vedere dal grafico/tabella… La tabella mostra che…. Secondo i dati….. C’è stato/a un/a lieve /calo/ riduzione / diminuzione... La maggior parte dei animali…
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Come si può vedere dal grafico/tabella… As you can see from the graph / chart … La tabella mostra che…. The table shows that… Secondo i dati….. According to the data…. C’è stato/a un/a lieve calo/ riduzione / diminuzione... There has been a slight drop / decrease /decline La maggior parte dei animali… The majority of animals...
PERCENTAGES
3% ||a tiny fraction/an insignificant amount
15% || a small proportion
26% || roughly one quarter
32% || nearly a third
49% || just under half
50% || exactly half
51% || just over half
70% || a large proportion / a significant
majority
77% || approximately three quartersFRACTIONS a half / a quarter / a third / a fifth «The moon has one sixth of the Earth’s gravity»
NUMBERS, DATES AND TIME (book 41-43) Cardinal numbers (one / seventeen) and ordinal numbers (first/ seventeenth) To SAY the date use ORDINAL numbers: What day is it today? It’s Monday the sixteenth of April. To WRITE the date use CARDINAL numbers: 16 April 2020 / 16th April 2020 Gli anni si leggono due cifre per volta: 1945 = nineteen forty-five 1800 = eighteen hundred 2001-09 = two thousand and one / and nine 2010-18 = twenty ten / twenty eighteen
Could you tell me the time please? / What time is it? / What’s the time? (book 41-43) 17:00 five o’clock || 17.05 five past five || 17.15 quarter past five || 17.20 twenty past five || 17.30 half past five || 17.45 quarter to six || 17.55 five to six Say these times: 09.00 || 14.05 || 13.10 || 16.15 || 08.20 || 09.25 || 10.30 || 11.35 || 12.45 || 18 .55
In English use the numbers 13 to 24 only for official timetables for trains / airplanes, etc. The train leaves at 20.55 / 19.30 / 10.15 / 18.20 /07.10 The train leaves at twenty fifty five/ nineteen thirty… The plane arrives at 16:35 / 15.05 / 04.45 / 12.25 The plane arrives at sixteen thirty-five, fifteen o five…
Exam Practice: General Conversation Giving opinions (book 596-597). In my opinion / view. If you ask me. / As far as I can see / As far as I’m concerned / I’m convinced that… Let me explain / For example / For instance / First, Secondly, Third / What’s more, / In addition / However (contrast) / As a result (consequence) / Actually (precision) / To sum up / In short (conclusion)…. Talk about a person who has had a great influence on you. It could be a family member, a friend or a famous and/or historical figure you have never met. Describe that person and explain why s/he is so important for you. Imagine the world in the year 2039. What differences will there be compared with today? What are your hopes and fears regarding the world in twenty years’ time? Suggestions (only suggestions): artificial intelligence and robots, medical advances, cures for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease thanks to developments in genetics, global warming and the environment, global and local politics, family life.
SAN: Comparing past eating habits with present eating habits in the western world 13-14 CN Listen and take notes:
SAN: Comparing past eating habits with present eating habits in the western world 8-9 CN Listen and take notes: Before industrialisation, globalisation and modern farming and transportation techniques, food was scarcer than today. You ate what you needed – not what you wanted – and what was available. Today, you can walk into a supermarket and buy almost any fresh product from any corner of the world. You can go to a fast-food restaurant and buy a meal packed full of a day’s worth of calories and eat it in fifteen minutes. You have the world at your culinary disposal.
HOMEWORK • Study the oral exam questions • Presenting facts and figures. Study these slides and see book pp.564-65. • Grammar and reading: exercise 1 and 2 on page 443
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