PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE

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PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES
          NEW ZEALAND TEAM
              MEDIA GUIDE
PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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                                                             Contents

New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team – PyeongChang 2018 ......................................... 3
Team Media Contacts ................................................................................................................ 12
Broadcast Contacts .................................................................................................................... 13
Photography Contacts................................................................................................................ 14
Paralympics New Zealand Content package .............................................................................. 14
Official Spokespeople ................................................................................................................ 15
History of the Paralympic Games ............................................................................................... 16
New Zealand’s history at the Paralympic Winter Games ............................................................ 17
About Paralympics New Zealand ............................................................................................... 18
Winter Para sport classification overview ................................................................................... 19
PyeongChang 2018 Fast facts ................................................................................................... 22
Key Events for the New Zealand Team ...................................................................................... 25
Venue for the New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team.................................................... 26
PyeongChang 2018 Competition Schedule – New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team ... 27
Para Sport Terminology ............................................................................................................. 28
PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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       New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team – PyeongChang 2018

The full New Zealand PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games Team includes three
Paralympians and seven support staff:

Para athlete    Resides / Hometown        Classification Impairment (Disability)
Adam Hall       Wanaka / Dunedin          LW1            Loss of muscle power (Spina
                                                         Bifida)
Carl Murphy     Wanaka / Wanaka           SB LL2         Single limb deficiency
                                                         (Below knee)
Corey Peters    Wanaka / New Plymouth     LW12-1         Spinal cord injury
                                                         (Paraplegia)

Support staff                                            Resides / Hometown
Chef de Mission – Ashley Light                           Queenstown / Queenstown
Para Alpine Skiing Coach – Benjamin Adams                Wanaka / Wanaka
Para Alpine Skiing Assistant Coach – Jane Stevens        Wanaka / Luggate
Para Snowboard Coach – John Shelly                       Vancouver / Lower Hutt
Wax Technician – Mark Frater                             Wanaka / Invercargill
Physiotherapist – Andrew Duff                            Brisbane / Wanaka
Games Team Operations Manager – Lynette Grace            Auckland / Wellington
PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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                                    Paralympian Profiles

          Adam
             Hall
Sport: Para alpine skiing
Date of birth: 9 October 1987
Coach: Ben Adams
Resides: Wanaka
Hometown: Dunedin
Occupation: Paralympian
Classification: LW1
Impairment (disability): Loss of muscle power (Spina Bifida)
Paralympian #: 158 – Sochi 2014, Vancouver 2010 and Torino 2006

Major International Results

2018   World Para Alpine Skiing Cup (USA)      2 x Gold - Men's Super-G Standing
2017   World Para Alpine Skiing Championships  Bronze - Men's Slalom Standing
2016   Para Alpine Skiing Race Series          1st - Men's Slalom Standing
                                               1st - Men's Super-G Standing
2015   IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup (La Molina) 2nd & 3rd - Men's Slalom Standing
       Europa Cup (Austria)                    3rd - Men's Slalom
                                               3rd - Super Combined Standing
2014   Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games      4th - Men's Super Combined Standing
                                               4th - Men's Super-G Standing
                                               7th - Men's Slalom Standing
2010   Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games Gold - Men's Slalom Standing

World Rankings (as at February 2018)
 Men's Downhill Standing                                             7
 Men’s Slalom Standing                                               8
 Men’s Super-GS tanding                                              14
 Men’s Super Combined Standing                                       10

About Adam

Vancouver 2010 Paralympic gold medallist Adam Hall continues to make his presence felt on the
world stage. The Dunedin-born ski champion thrives on a constant diet of winter, racing on the
World Cup circuit alongside the very best Para athletes and coaches in the world. A member of
the Cardrona NZ National Adaptive Ski Team since 2005, Adam splits his training base between
Winter Park in the USA and Cardrona Alpine Resort in New Zealand.
PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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Diagnosed at birth with spina bifida, Adam says he’s "lucky" because he is mobile and able to
walk. Adam began skiing at age six and switched to snowboarding at age nine. He admits to
being a snowboarder at heart, but switched back to skiing in order to compete in the Torino 2006
Paralympic Winter Games =.

Adam has represented New Zealand three times at the Paralympic Games in Torino 2006,
Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014, taking the gold medal in Men’s Slalom Standing at the
Vancouver 2010 Paralympics. Since then he’s continued to dominate in the world of Para alpine
skiing.

Adam has long been recognised as a specialist in the technical disciplines but in recent years
has also achieved top results in speed disciplines. In 2016 Adam won gold medals in Downhill as
well as the Slalom at the World Cup finals in Aspen and finished the season ranked third overall
in the world for Men’s Super-G and Downhill Standing. The 2017 season started with a bang as
Adam won a bronze medal at the 2017 Para Alpine Skiing World Championships in Italy.

Adam is now focussed on his fourth Paralympic Games that will be held in PyeongChang, South
Korea in March 2018 and will go into the Games in great form following a successful 2017/2018
season.

Adam has twice been named Adaptive Snow Sports Athlete of the Year, and received the
ultimate accolade of being named Snow Sports NZ Overall Athlete of the Year in 2008, 2009 and
2012. In 2011, he was made a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZOM) in the
Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to sport. In 2013 Adam was named Senior Sportsman of
the Year at the Central Otago Sports Awards.

He got married in February 2017 and has now graduated with a degree in Agriculture.

Classification means…
Sport Class LW 1:
This sport class is allocated to Para skiers with an impairment that strongly affects both legs, for
example an above knee amputation of both legs or significant muscle weakness in both legs.
PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES NEW ZEALAND TEAM MEDIA GUIDE
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              Carl
        Murphy
Sport: Para snowboard
Date of birth: 17 April 1979
Coach: John Shelly
Resides: Wanaka
Hometown: Wanaka
Occupation: Architectural Designer
Classification: SB LL2
Impairment (disability): Single limb deficiency (below knee)
Paralympian #: 189 – Sochi 2014

Major International Results

2018   World Para Snowboard Cup (Canada)      Bronze - Men's Banked Slalom
2017   World Para Snowboard Cup (Netherlands) 10th - Men's Banked Slalom
2017   Europa Cup (Netherlands)                       11th - Men's Banked Slalom
2017   World Para Snowboard World Cup (New Zealand) Bronze - Men's Banked Slalom
2017   Para Snowboard World Championships             12th - Men's Banked Slalom
2015   Europa Cup                                     Bronze - Men's Snowboard Cross
       IPC Skiing World Cup                           Silver - Men's Banked Slalom
       IPC Skiing World Cup (Canada)                  Gold - Men's Banked Slalom
                                                      Bronze - Men's Snowboard Cross
        X Games                                       Silver - Men's Snowboard Cross
2014   Sochi Paralympic Winter Games                  4th - Men's Snowboard Cross SB LL

World Rankings (as at February 2018)

 Men’s Snowboard Cross                                                    7
 Men's Banked Slalom SB-LL2                                               9

About Carl

Cardrona NZ National Adaptive Snowboard Team member Carl Murphy was born with one and a
half legs but that hasn’t stopped him from getting up on a snowboard and competing at an
international level. Carl rides his board with the help of a custom designed carbon fibre prosthetic
leg.

Carl represented New Zealand in Para snowboard cross at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter
Games and achieved an impressive fourth place finish in his Paralympic debut. This has made
him more determined to win a Paralympic medal and is training hard focused on the
PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games in South Korea.
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He started off his 2014/15 northern hemisphere campaign by winning bronze in Para snowboard
Cross at the Europa Cup and World Cup silver in the new Paralympic discipline of Men’s Banked
Slalom. In January 2015 Carl went one better, winning World Cup gold in this discipline in
Canada. He also took out World Cup bronze in the Men’s Snowboard Cross Carl was invited to
compete at the X Games at the end of the January 2015. In a nail biting finals race and
testament to Carl’s competitive nature he launched over the finish line and claimed the silver
medal.

In 2013 Carl won the Snow Sports NZ Overall Athlete of the Year Award and was recognised as
the Snow Sports NZ Adaptive Snow Sports Athlete of the Year.

In his spare time, Carl is an architectural designer, husband and father.

Classification means…
Para snowboard currently offers two sport classes, one for athletes with leg impairments and one
for athletes with arm impairments. The sport is under development and with its growth the
Classification system will be further refined.

Sport Class SB LL:
Para snowboarders in the sport class SB LL have leg impairments, such as amputations above
the ankle, stiffness of ankle or knee joint or muscle weakness. Athletes with amputations will use
prosthesis during the races.
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          Corey
         Peters
Sport: Para alpine skiing
Date of birth: 12 July 1983
Coach: Ben Adams
Resides: Wanaka
Hometown: New Plymouth
Occupation: Paralympian and student
Classification: LW12-1
Impairment (disability): Spinal cord injury (Paraplegia)
Paralympian #: 188 – Sochi 2014

Major International Results

2018   World Para Alpine Skiing Cup (USA)                  Gold - Men's Super-G Sitting
                                                           Gold - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
                                                           Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
2017   Para Alpine Skiing World Cup (Japan)                Silver - Men's Super-G Sitting
2017   Para Alpine Skiing World Cup (Austria)              Gold - Men's Downhill Sitting
                                                           Silver - Men's Super-G Sitting
2017   Para Alpine Skiing World Championships              Silver - Men's Downhill Sitting
                                                           Silver - Men's Super-G Sitting
2015   IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships               Gold - Men's Downhill Sitting
                                                           Gold - Men's Super-G Sitting
                                                           Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
       IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup                         Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
       IPC Alpine Series (Aspen)                           Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
                                                           Bronze - Men's Slalom Sitting
       IPC North America Cup                               Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
                                                           Bronze - Men's Slalom Sitting
2014   Sochi Paralympic Winter Games                       Silver - Men's Giant Slalom Sitting
                                                           4th - Men's Super Combined Sitting
                                                           6th - Men's Super-G Sitting

World Rankings (as at February 2018)
 Men's Super-G Sitting                                                 3
 Men’s Downhill Sitting                                                7
 Men’s Giant Slalom Sitting                                            11

About Corey

Paralympic alpine ski racer Corey Peter’s sporting career continues to go from strength to
strength. The Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games silver medallist now has his sights set firmly
on his second Paralympic Games in PyeongChang 2018.
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His results for 2018have been outstanding so far, claiming two gold and a silver medal at the
World Para Alpine Skiing World Cup in January in the Men’s Super-G Sitting and Giant Slalom
Sitting events.

He was a standout performer in 2015 also claiming World Titles in Downhill and Super-G as well
as a silver medal in Giant Slalom at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships in Canada in
March 2015.

The World Championships were the culmination of a highly successful Northern Hemisphere
season for Corey which saw him win a world cup silver medal and finish third overall on IPC
World Cup rankings in February 2015. Other results included bronze in Slalom, silver in Giant
Slalom at IPC races in Aspen, USA (December 2014); bronze in Slalom, silver in Giant Slalom at
IPC North America Cup races (December 2014); bronze and gold in Downhill and gold in Super-
G at the US National Champs (February 2014).

During the 2015 New Zealand season Corey won the Giant Slalom at the IPC Snow Sports NZ
National Champs and placed second in the Slalom at the IPCAS Southern Hemisphere Cup held
as part of the Audi quattro Winter Games NZ.

Corey was named Snow Sports NZ Overall Athlete of the Year and Adaptive Snow Sports
Athlete of the Year in 2015 and 2014.

Corey’s results are made all the more impressive given the fact that he only took up sit-skiing in
2011. The former Taranaki age group and development squad rugby representative’s life
changed in September 2009 when he sustained a crushed spinal cord at a motocross event.

Corey spent four months in the Spinal Unit learning the basics of how to live life in a wheelchair.
Adjusting to a new way of life was tough but Corey remained determined to continue to live a
fulfilled life.

In 2011, two years after the accident, he was introduced to the sport of sit skiing. He took to the
sport immediately and the same year won gold in the men’s adaptive sit-ski event at the NZ
Winter Games at Cardrona Alpine Resort in New Zealand. From there he set himself the
ultimate goal of representing New Zealand at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games. Corey
not only achieved his goal but won a silver medal in the Giant Slalom and placed fourth in the
Super Combined and sixth in Super-G.

Corey now spends his Northern Hemisphere seasons training in Winter Park in the USA and
travelling throughout Europe and North America to compete. Back in New Zealand he splits his
time between his home base in New Plymouth and training at Cardrona Alpine Resort and at the
High Performance Sport New Zealand/Snow Sports NZ Training Centre in Wanaka.

Classification means…
.
Sport Classes:
All sit-skiers have an impairment affecting their legs. They are allocated different sport
classes depending on their sitting balance, which is very important for acceleration and
balancing during the races.

Sport Class LW 12-1: This sport class includes skiers with normal or only slightly
decreased trunk function and leg impairments.
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                                     Support Staff Profiles

Ashley Light – Chef de Mission

Ashley Light will once again have the honour of leading the New Zealand Paralympic Winter
Games Team as Chef de Mission, after leading the Team at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter
Games in Russia. Ashley and the Team have their eyes firmly on medals at the PyeongChang
2018 Paralympic Winter Games in South Korea.

Ashley is also the Director of High Performance at Snow Sports NZ. He became involved in snow
sports as the manager of the Winter Performance Programme in 2008 and he brings to the table
a wealth of experience in high performance sport. Prior to joining Snow Sports NZ, Ashley was
the Director of High Performance for Bowls NZ. He has attended three Winter Olympics and two
Paralympic Games (Athens 2004 Summer and Sochi 2014 Winter).

Ashley Light is a passionate sportsman hailing from the UK. Ashley is a keen water skier, a
passionate Old Boys rugby player and has been known to moonlight as a long distance mountain
biker, last year knocking off 125km in the Lake Hawea Epic. Ashley loves to ski (snow and water)
with his family, in his hometown of Queenstown.

Ben Adams – Para Alpine Skiing Coach

As Para Alpine Skiing Coach, Ben Adams takes care of two of the best Para skiers in the world:
Adam Hall and Corey Peters. Ben has worked hard to strengthen the Para athletes’ technique
and consistency, resulting in many podium finishes at top international events.

Outside of the Paralympic Games Team, Ben is the Head Coach of the Para Alpine Skiing High
Performance Programme at Snow Sports NZ. Ben is an international man of travel, he was born
in the UK, he has lived in Wanaka for over 20 years and he has spent many years in Japan. Ben
has taught skiing in New Zealand, the USA, Canada, France, Switzerland, Austria and Japan. He
was named as a member of the World Para Alpine Skiing Coaches Advisory Group for the 2016-
17 season.

Jane Stevens – Para Alpine Skiing Assistant Coach

Jane specialises in adaptive snow sports and winter Para sports, from the first-time experience
on snow, through to becoming the best Para alpine skiers and Para snowboarders in the world.
Outside of Games time Jane manages the Snow Sports NZ Adaptive Programme including
adaptive members' on-snow programmes and benefits, ‘Have-a-Go’ days and athlete
development.

Jane has worked full-time in able bodied and disabled teaching and coaching in NZ and around
the world including a role as the Head Coach of the British Disabled Ski Team. She is also on
the World Para Alpine and Para Snowboard Sport Technical Committee as Head of Competition
Asia and Oceania.

John Shelly - Para Snowboard Coach

John is based in Whistler, Canada with his family and has extensive knowledge of snowboarding.
He competed for five years on the New Zealand National Snowboard Team and was two-time
National Champion. He went on become Assistant National Coach with a plethora of coaching
qualifications and accolades.
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Mark Frater – Wax Technician

Mark has spent his working life dedicated to being a wax technician. This involves long hours
tuning and waxing skis so that high performance Para athletes can go as fast as possible. His
role is a critical part of ensuring our Paralympians success on the international stage.

Andrew Duff – Physiotherapist

Andrew feels privileged to have worked with New Zealand winter Para athletes and Paralympians
for the past 11 years. Andrew was a member of the New Zealand support team at the Vancouver
2010 Paralympic Winter Games where Adam Hall won his gold medal.

As Physiotherapist for the New Zealand Paralympic Team at PyeongChang 2018 and previously
Sochi 2014, Andrew’s role is to provide optimal support for these Paralympians and their coaches
as they strive for success on a global stage and he says it is an honour to be in a position to support
them after the years of blood, sweat and tears they put in as part of a Paralympic campaign.

Lynette Grace – Games Team Operations Manager

Lynette has a wealth of experience in international and national event management, operations
and logistics and High Performance Sport. With a career spanning more than 20 years, her
previous experience includes Tournament Director for the iconic Wellington International Sevens
Rugby event and High Performance Programme Director with Netball New Zealand. Lynette’s
unique combination of skills ensure that all Para athletes selected to New Zealand Paralympic
Games Teams have environments perfectly set-up to ensure they can deliver the best
performance possible at their pinnacle event. Most recently Lynette managed the successful Rio
2016 Paralympic Games campaign.
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                                   Team Media Contacts

For all requests please contact:

       PyeongChang based - Melissa Dawson (PyeongChang 2018 Media Manager)
       Phone:     0064 (0) 9 526 0760
       Mobile:    0064 (0) 204 0044 799
       Email:     mdawson@paralympics.org.nz

       NZ based - Rachel Froggatt (PNZ Commercial and Marketing Director)
       Phone:       0064 (0) 9 526 0764
       Mobile:      0064 (0) 27 546 5836
       Email:       rfroggatt@paralympics.org.nz

Paralympic New Zealand Office (Auckland, New Zealand)

       Phone:         (09) 526 0760
       Email:         info@paralympics.org.nz

       Suite 2.10 Axis Building, 1 Cleveland Road
       Parnell
       Auckland 1052

For further information please visit:

       PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games
       https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/paralympics/index

       Paralympics New Zealand www.paralympics.org.nz

       The International Paralympic Committee www.paralympic.org
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                                     Broadcast Contacts

The PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games will be broadcast in New Zealand by TVNZ.
TVNZ DUKE will be broadcasting live and delayed curated coverage every afternoon and
evening for the duration of the Games, as well as daily highlights of the best action during each
morning. TVNZ.co.nz will live stream the Games and also provide OnDemand highlights. 1 News
will present the best sporting moments and coverage of our New Zealand Paralympians both on
air and online. In the lead up, TVNZ 1 and DUKE will also broadcast Slick as Ice. Produced by
Attitude Pictures, this documentary looks at the dedication and determination our three
Paralympians - Corey, Adam and Carl - have put into their Paralympic Winter Games
preparations.

The documentary will premiere on TVNZ1, Sunday 4 March at 8.30am. It will then be broadcast
on Duke at the following estimated times:
• Sunday 4 March at 20:00
• Monday 5 March at 23:00
• Tuesday 6 March at 09:30
• Friday 9 March at 11:30, 16:00 and 23:30 (before the Opening Ceremony)

The Games coverage officially begins at midnight NZT Friday 9 March with the Opening
Ceremony live from the PyeongChang Olympic Stadium.

The full broadcast schedule available here

All PyeongChang 2018 moving imagery rights have been granted to TVNZ and Attitude Pictures
by the International Paralympic Committee.

PNZ, following consultation with TVNZ and Attitude Pictures, wishes to advise that there will be
no specific news access rules issued for the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games.
Moving imagery may therefore be used in accordance with fair dealing, under s42 of the
Copyright Act and IPC News Access Rules. To arrange access, please contact John West or
Donald Allison-Carnie.

We would please ask you to get in touch by Monday 5 March if you anticipate a need for moving
imagery, so that TVNZ and Attitude Pictures can plan production resource accordingly.

Broadcast contacts are:

John West
John.West@tvnz.co.nz
+64 21 968 247
(based in PyeongChang)

Donald Allison-Carnie
Donald.Allison-Carnie@tvnz.co.nz
+64 9 916 7406
+64 27 283 3444
(based in New Zealand)
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                                    Photography Contacts

PNZ has appointed Getty Images as the exclusive team photography agency. PNZ has access to
Getty staff photographers at all competition venues around PyeongChang. Images are likely to
range from flag raising, to Opening/Closing Ceremonies, competition and behind-the-scenes.

Alternatively, rights-free images from some of the world’s best photographers will be available
thanks to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) at www.OISPhotos.com. Photos are
available for editorial use and can be downloaded with the password ‘OIS’. Please note, there is
no guarantee that these images will contain New Zealanders.

                       Paralympics New Zealand Content package

Every day, PNZ will be sharing content with you directly and on the PNZ website and social
media, including:

 KST        NZ Time        Content                    Frequency           Format
 Time
 various    various        Results (sent as           As-it-happens       Word document
                           significant results                            PNZ website
                           achieved – medals,                             PNZ social media
                           etc.
 Between    Between        Round-up of action         Daily               Word document
 6 - 7pm    10 - 11pm      (sent over after all                           PNZ website
 daily      same day*      competitions end in                            PNZ social media
 7 - 22                    evenings, to wrap up
 March*                    day and look ahead
                           to next day)
 various    various        Human interest             As-it-happens       Word document
                           stories or stories         (likely every 3-4   PNZ website
                           about special events       days)               PNZ social media
                           or activities (i.e. flag
                           raising in the Village;
                           Flagbearer
                           announcement,
                           welcome home
                           activity, etc)
 various    various        Images                     As-it-happens       Getty Platform
                                                                          PNZ website
                                                                          PNZ social media
 various    various       Video                 As-it-happens             PNZ social media
* Please note, on occasions timings may change.

                                       Social Media Details

As a reminder, the PNZ social media accounts and hashtags are:

Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/paralympicsnewzealand/
Twitter - @NZParalympics
Instagram - @ParalympicsNZ
Hashtags - #PyeongChang2018, #Paralympics and #SpiritofGold
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                                    Official Spokespeople

ASHLEY LIGHT
PyeongChang 2018 Chef de Mission
ROLE: General and Performance Commentary
Spokesperson for the New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team in all formal/ official
capacities (i.e. village flag raising)
- NZ targets: 2 medals, expectations, planning and team size
- NZ views: facilities, team environment, TV broadcast/media back in NZ, legacy
- NZ Results: medals/WRs/PBs, individual performances; competition
- Issues management, i.e. athlete under-performance; injury; illness; etc

For topics related to PNZ (as the National Paralympic Committee for New Zealand) and other
International Paralympic Committee topics, spokespeople are:

FIONA ALLAN
Chief Executive, Paralympics New Zealand
ROLE: Reserve Commentary
- National Paralympic Committee & IPC related topics
- Serious issues
- Para sport Leadership, including funding, nomination/selection.
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                               History of the Paralympic Games

The Paralympic Games were founded in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who wanted to start a
sporting event that involved the veterans from World War II. The event was called the Stoke
Mandeville Games and included 16 injured service men and women who took part in the sport of
Archery.

The Games were later renamed the International Stoke Mandeville Games in 1952 when Dutch
ex-servicemen joined in the event. The first official Paralympic Games were in Rome in 1960 and
featured eight Para sports.

Winter sports for disabled athletes gradually developed after World War II, as large numbers of
injured soldiers and civilians tried to return to their skiing activities. Early pioneers experimented
with skiing using prostheses.

It was in the 1970s that multi-disability skiing competitions started. In 1974, the first world
championships were held in Grand Bornand in France, which featured Alpine (Downhill) and
Nordic (Cross-Country) skiing for amputee and visually impaired athletes.

The first Paralympic Winter Games were held in 1976 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. There were
competitions in Alpine and Nordic skiing for amputee and visually impaired Para athletes, and a
demonstration event in Sledge Racing.

The success of the first Games led to a second, the Geilo 1980 Paralympic Winter Games in
Norway where New Zealand entered its first Disabled Ski Team.

By the third, the Innsbruck 1984 Paralympic Winter Games, the New Zealand Paralympic Games
Team were winning the New Zealand's first medals in international skiing competition, with
Paralympians Vivienne Martin, Christopher Orr and Mark Edwards taking five.

For the past 50 years since its inception in 1968 under its original name, the New Zealand
Federation of Paraplegic and Physically Disabled Association, Paralympics New Zealand
managed these teams and led them to the Paralympic Games. Today, with the support of High
Performance Sport New Zealand, Paralympics New Zealand and Snow Sports NZ now work very
closely to maximise opportunities for the New Zealand Team at the Paralympic Winter Games.
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               New Zealand’s history at the Paralympic Winter Games

          NEW ZEALAND MEDAL HISTORY - PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES

                                                                             NEW ZEALAND
GAMES   LOCATION                             G      S        B     TOTAL
                                                                              TEAM SIZE

2014    Sochi, Russia                        00     01       00      01               3

2010    Vancouver, Canada                    01     00       00      01               2

2006    Torino, Italy                        00     00       00      00               2

2002    Salt Lake City, USA                  04     00       02      06               2

1998    Nagano, Japan                        04     01       01      06               5

1994    Lillehammer, Norway                  03     00       03      06               7

1992    Albertville, France                  02     00       00      02               7

1988    Innsbruck, Austria                   00     01       00      01               3

1984    Innsbruck, Austria                   01     03       01      05               3

1980    Geilo, Norway                        00     00       00      00               3

1976    Ornskoldsvik, Sweden                             New Zealand did not attend
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                             About Paralympics New Zealand

Paralympics New Zealand (PNZ) is the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) for New Zealand.
We are a charity and our overall vision is ‘Excellence & Equity through Sport’.

As a member of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), we are part of a worldwide social
change movement, which uses the power of sport to positively influence community perceptions
of disabled people and to promote a more diverse and inclusive society.

Over the past 50 years, 209 kiwi Paralympians with varying disabilities - from spinal cord
(tetraplegia, paraplegia), to amputees and limb deficiencies, to vision impairments and congenital
conditions such as Spina Bifida or Cerebral Palsy - have competed at 22 Paralympic Games,
winning 218 medals (190 Summer; 28 Winter). Today, our kiwi Paralympians are role models for
disabled and able-bodied members of the community alike, demonstrating that the only barriers in
life are those you set yourself. Their achievements have made them into powerful voices for
disabled rights in New Zealand.

To support them, we plan, manage and celebrate the achievements of Para athletes at international
and national competitions all year round. Every two years, we lead New Zealand Teams to the
Paralympic Games.

We also work in the local community to advocate for sport to become more accessible for disabled
people and to support the creation of more systems and programmes to enable participation in
Para sport.
Our funding comes from a mix of public donations, fundraisers, philanthropic partners, commercial
partners, plus government and community grants, which together make our Para sport, community
and advocacy programmes possible.

During the Games, we will be encouraging donations via www.paralympics.org.nz/donatenow

Vision

Excellence & Equity through Sport

Mission

LEAD          | Prepare, select and lead teams to Paralympic Games

EXCEL         | Ensure development of programmes, systems and events
                to support Para athletes to win medals

CHAMPION      | Acknowledge and celebrate disabled New Zealanders

ADVOCATE      | Promote equity through sport
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                          Winter Para sport classification overview

For a visual explanation, please watch this short-animated film here produced in partnership with
students at the NZ Animation College.

In Para sport, classification provides the structure for fair and equitable competition to ensure that
winning is determined by skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability and mental focus, the
same factors that account for success in sport for able bodied athletes, and not just based on
impairment.

The Para sport classification process identifies the eligibility of each Para athlete’s impairment
and groups them into a sport class according to the degree of activity limitation resulting from
their impairment.

Classification is sport specific as an eligible impairment affects a Para athlete’s ability to perform
in different sports to a different extent. Each Para sport has a different classification system.

Winter Para sport classes detail

Para alpine skiing includes two impairment types – physical and visual. Para snowboard includes
one impairment type - physical impairment.

Physical impairment type could be one or more of the following: impaired muscle power, impaired
range of motion, limb deficiency, leg length difference and neurological (athetosis, ataxia or
athetosis)

Para alpine skiing - sport classes:

1. Standing skier - skiers with leg impairments – LW1 to LW9

   It is possible for skiers in sport classes LW1-4 to also compete as sit-skiers in sport class
   LW12. These Para athletes choose if they want to compete sitting or standing at the
   beginning of their career.
   • LW1
   This sport class is allocated to Para athletes with an impairment that strongly affects both
   legs.
   Para athletes may have a double above knee amputation or significant muscle weakness in
   both legs. These skiers use two skis and two poles/outriggers; they may have their skis tied
   together.
   • LW2
   This sport class is allocated to Para athletes who have a significant impairment in one leg.
   These skiers use only one ski.
   • LW3
   This sport class is for Para athletes who have a moderate impairment in both legs. They will
   use two skis, two poles/outriggers and prosthesis if they have amputations. Some skiers in
   the LW3 sport class have mild co-ordination problems or muscle weakness in both legs;
   others may have a below-knee amputation in both legs.
   • LW4
   This sport class is for Para athletes who have an impairment in one leg, similar to the LW2
   sport class, but with less activity limitation. A typical example of the LW4 sport class is an
   athlete with a single leg below-knee amputation. Para athletes in this sport class will use two
   skis during the race.
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2. Standing skier - skiers with arm impairments
   • LW5/7
   Para athletes in this sport class have an impairment in both arms. Some Para athletes have
   amputations and others have limited muscle power or co-ordination problems. They will race
   down the slopes without ski poles.
   • LW6/8
   Para athletes in this sport class have an impairment in one arm. Skiers will compete with only
   one ski pole.

3. Standing skier - skiers with combined arm and leg impairments:
   • LW9
   Para athletes in this sport class have an impairment that affects their arms and legs. Some
   skiers in this class have co-ordination problems, such as spasticity or some loss of control
   over one side of their body. Depending on their abilities, they will use one or two skis with one
   or two poles or outriggers.

4. Sit-skiers – LW10 to LW12
   All sit-skiers have an impairment affecting their legs. They are allocated different sport
   classes based on impairment in their trunk. Trunk control is very important for acceleration
   and balance during racing.
   • LW10
   Para athletes in this sport class have no or minimal trunk stability, for example, due to spinal
   cord injury or spina bifida. Skiers in this sport class rely mainly on their arms to manoeuvre
   the sit ski.
   • LW11
   Para athletes in this sport class have good stability in their upper trunk, but very limited
   control in their lower trunk and hips. The LW11 sport class includes those skiers with lower
   level spinal cord injuries.
   • LW12
   Para athletes in this sport class have no trunk impairment or slightly decreased trunk and leg
   impairments. Skiers with leg impairments in sport classes LW1-4 may also fit this sport class.
   Skiers are eligible to compete in standing or sitting and must choose to compete in which to
   compete at the beginning of their career.

5. Skiers with a visual impairment – B1 to B3
   • Para athletes with visual impairment competing in World Para alpine skiing all have
      varying degrees of visual impairment, ranging from the B1-B3 sport classes.
   • Para athletes in B1 sport class are required to use eye shades.
   • In World Para Alpine Skiing, all Para athletes with a visual impairment (B1, B2 and B3) ski
      with a sighted guide. The guide skis in front of the Para athlete and gives verbal directions
      to the Para athlete.
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Para snowboard - sport classes:
Para snowboard includes three sport classes, two for Para athletes with leg impairments and one
for athletes with arm impairments.

1. SB-LL1
   Para snowboarders in the sport class SB-LL1 have a significant impairment in one leg, for
   example, an above knee amputation; or a significant combined impairment in two legs, for
   example significant muscle weakness or spasticity in both legs. These impairments will affect
   their ability to balance, control the snowboard and absorb the terrain. Para athletes with
   amputations will use a prosthesis during the races.

2. SB-LL2
   Para snowboarders in the sport class SB-LL2 have an impairment in one or two legs with less
   activity limitation. A typical example is a Para athlete with below knee amputation or mild
   spasticity.

3. SBUL
   Para snowboarders in the SBUL class have impairments in one or two arms, which impacts
   on their ability to balance when racing down the slopes. A typical example is a Para athlete
   with an amputated hand.
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                              PyeongChang 2018 Fast facts

PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games:

1. Takes place from 9 - 18 March 2018 (beginning at midnight on 9 March, NZT)
2. A total of 670 Para athletes from 45 countries will compete in 80 medal events across six
   Para sports: Para alpine skiing, Para biathlon, Para cross-country skiing, Para ice sledge
   hockey, Para snowboard and Para wheelchair curling
3. This includes a 44 per cent increase in the number of female Para athletes set to compete in
   PyeongChang 2018 compared to Sochi 2014.

The New Zealand Paralympic team:

1. Has a team size of 10 including three Paralympians and seven support staff
2. Will contest the Para sports of Para alpine skiing and Para snowboard both at the Jeongseon
   Alpine Centre
3. The investment PNZ currently receives from High Performance Sport New Zealand (HPSNZ)
   is campaign investment for sending the Team to the Paralympic Winter Games. Our joint
   target is 2 medals at PyeongChang 2018.
4. New Zealand finished 9th in the world at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games and 11th
   in the world at Vancouver 2010 for medals per capita.
5. New Zealand finished 16th equal in the world at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games
   and 15th in the world at Vancouver 2010 on the overall medal table.

Paralympics New Zealand History and Heritage:

1. To date, New Zealand Paralympic Teams have won a total of 218 Paralympic medals (28
   Paralympic Winter Games medals and 190 Paralympic Summer Games medals)
2. The 28 Paralympic Winter Games medals include 15 gold, 6 silver and 7 bronze
3. There have been 209 New Zealand Paralympians since 1968 (28 winter Paralympians and
   181 summer Paralympians)
4. To date, New Zealand Paralympic Games Teams have competed in 10 consecutive winter
   Paralympics (11 after PyeongChang 2018) and 12 consecutive summer Paralympics, 22 in
   total (23 after PyeongChang 2018)
5. New Zealand’s most experienced winter Paralympian is Edward (Ed) Bickerstaff (#040) who
   competed at four Paralympic Winter Games including Innsbruck (Austria) 1984 and 1988,
   Albertville (France) 1992, Lillehammer (Norway) 1994 in the sport of Para alpine skiing.
6. New Zealand’s most decorated winter Paralympian is Patrick Cooper (#055). Patrick won four
   gold, one silver and one bronze medal across three Paralympic Winter Games

 1994          Gold        Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Slalom LW4
 1994          Gold        Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Super-G LW4
 1994          Bronze      Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Giant Slalom LW4
 1992          Gold        Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Slalom LW4
 1992          Gold        Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Super-G LW4
 1988          Silver      Para alpine skiing      Patrick Cooper    Men's Slalom LW4
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                            PyeongChang 2018 Fast facts cont.

7. New Zealand’s most successful winter Paralympian at one single Paralympic Winter Games
   is Matthew Butson (#085) winning three gold and one silver medal at the Nagano (Japan)
   1998 Paralympic Winter Games

 1998      Gold     Para alpine Skiing   Matthew Butson   Men's Giant Slalom LW9
 1998      Gold     Para alpine Skiing   Matthew Butson   Men's Slalom LW9
 1998      Gold     Para alpine Skiing   Matthew Butson   Men's Super-G LW9
 1998      Silver   Para alpine Skiing   Matthew Butson   Men's Downhill LW1,3,5/7,9
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                              PyeongChang 2018 Fast facts cont.

Para alpine skiing:

   1. Para alpine skiing was developed when injured veterans began practicing the sport after
      their return from World War II. It was first contested at a Paralympic Games in 1976.
   2. Just like Olympic Alpine Skiing - it features the following events: Downhill, Super-G, Super
      Combined, Giant Slalom and Slalom. Para athletes are classified into visually Impaired
      (B1-B3), standing (LW1-LW9) and Sitting (LW10-LW12) categories. Slalom has a course
      that demands short and abrupt turns while Giant Slalom has a course with greater turning
      radius. Super-G and Downhill have fewer turns and include wider gates in some
      segments of the course. Skiers speeding down the slope in these events can reach the
      speed of 100km an hour.
   3. New Zealand Paralympic Team has competed in Para alpine skiing at the following
      Paralympic Games:

 Games                No of      Gold            Silver          Bronze          Total
                      Athletes                                                   Medals
 Geilo 1980           3          0               0               0               0
 Innsbruck 1984       9          1               3               1               5
 Innsbruck 1988       3          0               1               0               1
 Albertville 1992     7          2               0               0               2
 Lillehammer          8          3               0               3               6
 1994
 Nagano 1998          6          4               1               1               6
 Salt Lake City       2          4               0               2               6
 2002
 Turin 2006           2          0               0               0               0
 Vancouver 2010       2          1               0               0               1
 Sochi 2014           2          0               1               0               1

Para snowboard:

1. Para snowboard was first introduced in to the event schedule at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic
   Winter Games
2. Para athletes are classified into upper limb(s) impairment (SB-UL) and lower limb(s)
   impairment (SBLL-1, SBLL-2) categories.
3. Para snowboard at the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games will include a total of
   10 events, including Snowboard Cross (men/women) and Banked Slalom (men/women). In
   Snowboard Cross, each athlete completes three runs down a man-made course with terrain
   features such as bank turns, jumps, spines and rollers. The finish time of their best two runs
   determines final placings. In Banked Slalom, athletes race down a course with banked turns.
   Each athlete takes three runs, and the best timed run per athlete determines the final results.
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                           Key Events for the New Zealand Team

New Zealand Flag Raising – Thursday 8 March 2018
All countries will be officially welcomed into the Paralympic Village with an Official Flag Raising
Ceremony. The New Zealand Flag Bearer for the Opening Ceremony will also be announced.

Opening Ceremony – Friday 9 March 2018
The Opening Ceremony is a celebration showcasing the best of the host nation and a parade of
all the competing nations. The start of the Paralympic Games will then be signalled by the highly
anticipated entrance of the Paralympic Flame.

Closing Ceremony – Sunday 18 March 2018
The Closing Ceremony will celebrate the achievements of Paralympians at the PyeongChang 2018
Paralympic Winter Games and the official handover from one Host City to the next. In 2018, South
Korea will hand over to China for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. The Closing
Ceremony will also feature a marching of all the countries and Paralympians who competed in the
Games, the lowering of the Paralympic Flag and raising of the Chinese flag (as the new Paralympic
Winter Games host) as well as the extinguishing of the Paralympic Flame, signalling the end of the
Games.

Team Arrival Back in New Zealand – Wednesday 21 March 2018
The entire New Zealand Paralympic Games Team will be departing PyeongChang on Tuesday 20
March and arriving back at the Auckland International Airport at Wednesday 21 March at 9.05am
(NZ0090).
All Paralympians will be available for media activity at the airport, the evening of 21 March and the
morning of 22 March (full details to follow).
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             Venue for the New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team

Jeongseon Alpine Centre:

Jeongseon Alpine Centre is located on the mountain of Gariwangsan, between the counties of
Jeongseon and PyeongChang. The Men’s Downhill begins at an elevation of 1,370m and has a
course length of 2.857km, finishing at an elevation of 545m. With a total vertical drop of 825m,
the course slightly exceeds the International Ski Federation’s minimum requirement of 800m.

The Centre was officially opened in 2016 and has since played host to men’s and women’s World
Cup events in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

Capacity
Spectator Seating
6,500 (3,600 Seats / 2,900 Standing)
Events
 Para alpine skiing                                     Para snowboarding
 Men's Downhill,            Women's Downhill,           Men's Snowboard          Women's
 Standing                   Standing                    Cross SB-UL              Snowboard Cross
                                                                                 SB-LL1
 Men's Downhill, Sitting    Women's Downhill,           Men's Snowboard          Women's
                            Sitting                     Cross SB-LL1             Snowboard Cross
                                                                                 SB-LL2
 Men's Downhill, Visually   Women's Downhill,           Men's Snowboard          Women's Banked
 Impaired                   Visually Impaired           Cross SB-LL2             Slalom SB-LL1
 Men's Slalom, Standing     Women's Slalom,             Men's Banked Slalom      Women's Banked
                            Standing                    SB-UL                    Slalom SB-LL2
 Men's Slalom, Sitting      Women's Slalom, Sitting     Men's Banked Slalom
                                                        SB-LL1
 Men's Slalom, Visually      Women's Slalom,            Men's Banked Slalom
 Impaired                    Visually Impaired          SB-LL2
 Men's Giant Slalom,         Women's Giant Slalom,
 Standing                    Standing
 Men's Giant Slalom,         Women's Giant Slalom,
 Sitting                     Sitting
 Men's Giant Slalom,         Women's Giant Slalom,
 Visually Impaired           Visually Impaired
 Men's Super-G,              Women's Super-G,
 Standing                    Standing
 Men's Super-G, Sitting      Women's Super-G,
                             Sitting
 Men's Super-G, Visually Women's Super-G,
 Impaired                    Visually Impaired
 Men's Combined,             Women's Combined,
 Standing                    Standing
 Men's Combined, Sitting Women's Combined,
                             Sitting
 Men's Combined,             Women's Combined,
 Visually Impaired           Visually Impaired
For further information please visit the venue website
https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/venues/jeongseon-alpine-centre
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                    PyeongChang 2018 Competition Schedule – New Zealand Paralympic Winter Games Team

PYEONGCHANG 2018 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES SCHEDULE - New Zealand Paralympic Games Team - subject to change

Day                    Event                                 Paralympians                 NZT             Korean Time
Friday 9 March         Opening Ceremony                      All                          00:00 - 01:50   20:00 - 21:50
Saturday 10 March      Para alpine skiing - Downhill         Corey Peters and Adam Hall   13:30 - 16:30   09:30 - 12:30
Sunday 11 March        Para alpine skiing - Super G          Corey Peters and Adam Hall   13:00 - 17:00   09:00 - 13:00
Monday 12 March        Para snowboard - Cross                Carl Murphy                  14:30 - 21:00   10:30 - 17:00
Tuesday 13 March       Para alpine skiing - Super Combined   Corey Peters and Adam Hall   13:30 - 17:00   09:30 - 13:00
                       Para alpine skiing - Super Combined   Corey Peters and Adam Hall   19:00 - 21:00   15:00 - 17:00
Wednesday 14 March     Para alpine skiing - Slalom           Adam Hall                    13:30 - 16:30   09:30 - 12:30
                       Para alpine skiing - Slalom           Adam Hall                    18:00 - 19:30   14:00 - 15:30
Thursday 15 March      No event for NZ Paralympians          n/a                          n/a             n/a
Friday 16 March        Para snowboard - Banked Slalom        Carl Murphy                  14:30 - 20:55   10:30 - 16:55
Saturday 17 March      Para alpine skiing - Giant Slalom     Corey Peters                 13:30 - 16:00   09:30 - 12:00
                       Para alpine skiing - Giant Slalom     Corey Peters                 18:00 - 19:30   14:00 - 15:30
Sunday 18 March        Closing Ceremony                      All                          00:00 - 01:20   20:00 - 21:20
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                                         Para Sport Terminology

        Full Para-Sport Terminology guide available at http://www.paralympics.org.nz/Media/Media-
        Toolkits

SPORT BASED TERMS
Use                                Instead of                     Description
Para sport e.g. Para swimming,     Para-Sport, para swim,         Para sport refers to all sport for athletes
Para cycling                       disabled swimming etc          with an eligible impairment, whether they
Spelling of Para:                  Please note - the removal of   feature on the Paralympic Games
• Capital P                        the hyphen after Para in all   programme or not.
• Space, then the sport name in    variants. This has been        The International Federation must be
lower case                         mandated by IPC.               recognised by the IPC and therefore
                                                                  operate under the IPC Athlete
                                                                  Classification Code.
1. Tokyo 2020 Paralympic           Paralympic Games Tokyo         Option 1 - Formal full name of Paralympic
Games                              Paralympics Tokyo              Winter or Summer Games in the correct
2. Tokyo 2020 Paralympics          2020 Tokyo                     format.
3. Tokyo 2020                      Paralympic Winter Games        Option 2 & 3 - Informal name and format
4. PyeongChang 2018                PyeongChang                    for Paralympic Winter or Summer
Paralympic Winter Games            Paralympic Winter Games        Games. Not to be used in mass or formal
5. PyeongChang 2018                2018 PyeongChang               communications.
Paralympics
6. PyeongChang 2018
1. Paralympic Games                Para-Games                     Option 1 - Non year specific games term.
2. Paralympics                     Para-Olympics or               The Paralympic Games are separate to
                                   Paraplegic Olympics            the Olympics.
                                   Olympics                       Option 2 - Informal abbreviation for
                                                                  Paralympic Games. Not to be used in
                                                                  formal communications.
London 2017 World Para             World Para Athletics 2017      World Championship event names are all
Athletics Championships                                           in upper case. They follow the format of
                                   NZ Para cycling                city name, year, ‘World’, sport name,
PNZ Para Cycling Programme         Programme                      ‘Championships’.
Para sport Manager                 PNZ Para Sport Manager         Programme names are all in upper case.
                                                                  PNZ staff titles are all in upper case.
World Para Athletics               IPC Athletics                  International Federations names are all in
World Para Alpine Skiing           IPC Skiing                     upper case. They follow the format of
                                                                  World, following by the sport name.

Classification                     Handicap, categorisation,      Athlete classification is a defining feature
                                   etc                            of Para sport. It is defined as grouping
                                                                  eligible athletes into sport classes
                                                                  according to how much their impairment
                                                                  affects fundamental activities for each
                                                                  specific sport or discipline.

Paralympics New Zealand            New Zealand Paralympics        The only acceptable abbreviation for
PNZ                                Para NZ or Para-Olympics       Paralympics New Zealand is PNZ. Not to
                                   NZ                             be used in headings, to start sentences
                                                                  and only after a full version of the term.
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Athlete Based Terms
Use                              Instead of                       Description
Paralympian                      Para olympian or Olympian        A Para athlete who has competed at
                                 Former Paralympian               the Paralympic Games
                                 Ex-Paralympian                   Paralympian is a title for life, it is not
                                                                  removed after retirement
Para athlete                     Paralympian (if have not         A Para athlete is a person with an
Para swimmer                     competed at the Paralympic       eligible impairment who participates
Paralympic hopeful               Games)                           in Para sport. Specifically, the term if
                                                                  used for athletes who have not yet
                                                                  competed at a Paralympic Games, or
                                                                  for amateur athletes.
                                                                  The International Federation of their
                                                                  sport must be recognised by the IPC.
Disabled athlete                 Cripple, handicap, invalid,      These nouns all have negative
                                 impaired, etc                    connotations in the English language
                                                                  and should not be used
Able-bodied athlete or Olympic   An athlete without a             As per the International Paralympic
athlete                          disability                       Committee (IPC) guidelines

DISABILITY BASED TERMS
Disability based terms Use       Instead of                       Description
Disability or specific           Suffers from cerebral palsy,     Disability is a statement of fact or
impairment e.g. has an           handicap, etc                    refers to a medical condition.
intellectual impairment, has     Inflicted with cerebral palsy,   ‘Suffering’ portrays the individual as
cerebral palsy, has a spinal     handicap, etc                    being in a weak, frail or tragic position.
injury, is an amputee, has                                        Most Para athletes would say that they
tetraplegia, etc                                                  do not ‘suffer from’ their impairment.
A Para athlete who has a         A spinal injury athlete or a     A person might have a disability or
spinal cord injury or a Para     paraplegic                       impairment but it does not define them
athlete with paraplegia                                           as a person.
Wheelchair user                  Is wheelchair bound              Terms like ‘bound’ or ‘confined’ should
                                                                  be avoided as they infer entrapment.
                                                                  Instead a wheelchair is an aid or tool,
                                                                  which a person uses.
Amputation or amputee            Stumps                           Someone ‘with an amputation’ or is an
                                                                  ‘amputee’ are both correct terms.
                                                                  However, bear in mind that sometimes
                                                                  people have a similar impairment but
                                                                  not from amputation, it may be present
                                                                  from birth.
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