Reputation Symposium - Saïd Business School
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Reputation Symposium 2019
Reputation Symposium Contents
28-30 August 2019
Saïd Business School,
University of Oxford
4 Welcome
5 Saïd Business School information
6 Programme of events
8 Speakers and abstracts
25 Panellists, chairs and discussants
33 Annual awards 2018
35 Location map
Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation
Saïd Business School WiFi
Oxford OX1 1HP
If you would like to use WiFi during the symposium,
United Kingdom
please connect to SBS-Conf, for which there is no
T: +44 (0) 1865 288900 password required.
F: +44 (0) 1865 278820
E: reputation@sbs.ox.ac.uk
2 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2018
www.sbs.oxford.edu/reputation WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 3
Welcome The Oxford University Centre
for Corporate Reputation
and Saïd Business School
Welcome to our tenth Reputation Symposium, now firmly our symposium steering group for many years. From next year The Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation (CCR),
established as the most important annual global gathering onwards, we have decided that the symposium will be organised founded in 2008, is an independent research centre within
of reputation scholars. I am sure you are all looking forward, by Alan together with a colleague selected from among our Oxford University’s Saïd Business School. The CCR conducts
as I am, to three days of riveting, revelatory and even International Research Fellows, and I am delighted that Michael and supports world-class research that furthers understanding
provocative presentations and panels, with the usual impressive Jensen has agreed to co-chair next year’s symposium. My of how the reputations of organisations and individuals are
interdisciplinary sweep, covering everything from the reputation thanks to Alan and Michael, and also to all of the track chairs this created, sustained, enhanced, destroyed and rehabilitated. In
of AI to canon law, activism and country reputations. year for the fantastic line-up that they have helped curate. addition to our annual Reputation Symposium, the CCR hosts
conferences, seminars and workshops that feature leading
As we face our second decade as a centre, we are ensuring Finally, I would like to thank our funders, our Visiting Fellows
scholars of reputation and social evaluation more broadly. The
that we do not rest on our laurels. Innovations this year include and our alumni from the various reputation programmes
CCR is fortunate to have the support of an outstanding group
capturing more of everyone’s work in the form of short videos run by Executive Education here in Oxford, many of whom
of International Research Fellows from academic institutions
and podcast-style discussions which we will be hosting on our are attending our opening debate and the gala dinner. Their
around the world, as well as many distinguished Visiting Fellows
website. We will also be canvassing attendees for contributions support, advice and wisdom as we shape our research and policy
from business, the media and other organisations. We have also
to the debate we are currently having at the centre regarding agenda is hugely valuable and much appreciated.
devised and teach courses on the school’s MBA curriculum and
future research priorities as we continue to expand. We hope
I very much hope that you all enjoy the symposium. for the school’s executive education programmes.
this will be a regular and useful driver for all the work of our
wider research community. Saïd Business School was founded in 1996, and since then
has become one of the highest ranking business schools in the
As usual, we are delighted to underpin our support of the
world, with a reputation for entrepreneurship and innovative
work of others with two awards. This year’s Best Published
business education. The school has two sites: Park End Street
Centre Staff
Paper award goes to Samuel P. Fraiberger, Roberta Sinatra,
and Egrove Park. The city centre building at Park End Street Sarah Livingstone, centre manager
Magnus Resch, Christoph Riedl and Albert-Laszlo Barabasi
was constructed on the site of the Oxford Rewley Road railway
for “Quantifying reputation and success in art” (Science 362 Sarah started her professional career in IT project
station, which dates back to 1844. It opened in 2001 as the
-2018), an examination of the career trajectories of artists management for Hays Resource Management,
result of a £23 million benefaction from businessman and
relative to the networks of galleries and museums. The award part of the Hays plc group. She has worked for
philanthropist Wafic Saïd. More recently, a new wing of the
for Best Dissertation has gone to Abbie Oliver, Assistant Deloitte as an HR contractor/consultant based in
school, the Thatcher Business Education Centre, was opened
Professor at the J. Mack Robinson College of Business, The Hague and at the Department of Health as a
in 2012. It was formally inaugurated by His Royal Highness the
University of Georgia, for “Think Crisis, Think Female?: Project Coordinator in the Procurement, Investment
Prince of Wales on 4 February 2013.
Stakeholder Reactions to CEOs Following Corporate Violations”. and Commercial Division. Sarah joined the centre in
We hope to welcome award winners to this year’s event as well The state-of-the-art design of Park End Street is the work of 2011.
as in future years. leading architects Jeremy Dixon and Edward Jones, who also
Mark Hughes-Morgan, researcher/writer
designed the £214 million redevelopment of the Royal Opera
Another consistent element of the symposium over the years Rupert Younger House in London’s Covent Garden. While modern in materials Before joining the centre in 2013, Mark was a
has been the contribution made by our Senior Research Fellow
and Centre Deputy Director Rowena Olegario. Rowena indicated
Director, Oxford University Centre and approach, their design for Oxford Saïd draws upon academic journalist for many years, writing and editing
tradition, with a classical outdoor amphitheatre, columns and for national newspapers and magazines. He has
to me some time ago that she would like to return to full-time for Corporate Reputation cloisters, oak-panelled, horseshoe-style lecture theatres, two also advised companies on global PR and internal
research, and so sadly for us this is the last year that she will be
large outdoor garden spaces, and a contemporary interpretation communications. He writes and edits the centre
co-chairing our symposium. She leaves the centre at the end
of the traditional Oxford dreaming spires. publications, including our case studies and
of October to concentrate on her work at The Global History
Reputation magazine.
of Capitalism Project within the History department at the Our Egrove Park campus is located in a bucolic farm setting and
University of Oxford. I am personally delighted that she will is used for executive education. Built in 1967 in a modernist With thanks to Wei Jiang and Eloise Fraser for their
remain in Oxford and would like to publicly thank Rowena on style, the campus has a combination of teaching, conference, help in organising the Reputation Symposium and
behalf of the centre for her great wisdom and energy and the residential and recreational spaces. compiling this brochure.
huge contribution she has made to the centre’s success to date.
Going forward, I will continue to oversee the symposium
together with Alan Morrison, who has also played a critical
role in the centre’s development. Not only is Alan a prolific and
recognised reputation scholar, he also currently chairs our centre
steering group within Saïd Business School and has been part of
4 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 5Programme of Events
Day 1 – Wednesday 28 August Day 2 – Thursday 29 August Eni Lecture Theatre Lecture Theatre VIII
15:30 Welcome coffee/tea, Cohen Quad on Walton St, Eni Lecture Theatre Lecture Theatre VIII
Professional Development Workshop
16:15 Session break, coffee/tea in Club Room
Exeter College A professional development workshop (PDW) was held
08:30 Registration, entrance hall, Thatcher Business on the afternoon of Wednesday 28 August.
16:45 Stigmatised Industries Activism, Reputational
16:00 Opening Session: Reputation and Artificial Education Centre, Saïd Business School
and Occupations Threats and Social A number of the centre’s International Research
Intelligence Coffee/tea on arrival in Club Room
David Deephouse Responsibility Fellows and 2019 symposium speakers were in
Nicole Gillespie (Moderator)
(Chair) Brayden King (Chair) attendance to provide guidance and feedback to the
Natalia Efremova 09:00 Are Network Brokers The Sound and the Fury:
Kam Phung Edward Walker following early career researchers:
Brent Mittelstadt Prone to Bad Managing Corporate
Rongrong Zhang Mary-Hunter McDonnell
Rachel Coldicutt Behaviour? Reputations in the Social Dominik Bong, University of Rongrong Zhang, University
Romain Vacquier Edward Carberry
Ronald Burt (Chair) Media Era Passau of Alberta
Cynthia Devers
17:00 Walk from Cohen Quad on Walton Street to the Martin Kilduff Rhonda Reger (Chair)
(Discussant) Radina Blagoeva, Erasmus The PDW was facilitated
Oxford Union, St Michael’s Street Sonja Opper Margaret Duffy
University by:
Michael Etter
Cynthia Devers, Texas A&M
17:30 Oxford Union Debate: “This house believes that Xinran (Joyce) Wang Rohini Jalan, Oxford
University (Co-Chair)
social media promotes anti-social behaviour”. University Centre for
Rupert Younger, Oxford University Centre for 10:15 Session break, coffee/tea in Club Room Day 3 – Friday 30 August Corporate Reputation Michael Pfarrer, University
Corporate Reputation (Chair) of Georgia (Co-Chair)
Anna McKean, University of
Cynthia Devers, Mays Business School, 10:45 Canon Law and Country Reputations Eni Lecture Theatre Lecture Theatre VIII
Northwestern Daniel Gamache, University
Texas A&M University Reputation William Newburry (Chair)
of Georgia
William Harvey, Exeter University Business School Alan Morrison Alper Darendeli 08:30 Coffee/tea on arrival in Club Room Kevin McSweeney, Oxford
Alan Morrison, Saïd Business School, (Co-Chair) Chengguang Li University Centre for Jonathan Bundy, Arizona
University of Oxford Bill Wilhelm 09:00 Reputation in Emerging Scholars Corporate Reputation State University
Roger Parry, YouGov plc (Co-Chair) Intermediated Markets Cynthia Devers
Nawon Oh, Penn State Scott Graffin, University of
Rhonda Reger, Trulaske College of Business, Mary Anne Case Alan Morrison (Co-Chair) (Co-Chair)
University Georgia
University of Missouri Patrick Nash Bill Wilhelm (Co-Chair) Michael Pfarrer
David Wighton, The Wall Street Journal Anja Shortland (Co-Chair) Tanja Ohlson, Oxford Andreas König, University
12:00 Lunch, Pyramid Room, Saïd Business School Katya Neretina University Centre for of Passau
18:45 Pre-dinner drinks, Exeter College, Turl Street Corporate Reputation
Jeffrey Lovelace, University
13:15 New Theoretical Reputation of Brands and 10:15 Session break, coffee/tea in Club Room
Ilaria Orlandi, Erasmus of Virginia
19:30 Opening dinner, Exeter College dining hall Directions in Research Consumers
University
Michael Pfarrer (Chair) Roland Rust (Chair) 10:45 Closing session: Brand Activism Yuri Mishina, Imperial
Andreas König Timothy Keiningham Harrie Vredenburg (Chair) Kam Phung, York University College Business School
Jonathan Bundy Ming-Hui Huang Connie Van Der Byl
Eva Schlindwein, Oxford Abbie Oliver, Georgia State
Daniel Gamache Kalinda Ukanwa Jessica Vredenburg
University Centre for University
Amanda Spry
Corporate Reputation
14:30 Session break, coffee/tea in Club Room Daniel Korschun Owen Parker, Oklahoma
Rupert Younger (Moderator) Cleo Silvestri, Imperial State University
15:00 Leadership and Social Rebuilding Individual College Business School
Timothy Pollock, University
Evaluations Reputation and White 12:00 Conference close, optional lunch in the Pyramid
Benno Stocklein, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Timothy Pollock Collar Crime Room, Saïd Business School
of Passau
(Chair) Thomas Roulet (Chair) Rhonda Reger, University of
Owen Parker and William Harvey Liyue Yan, University of Missouri
Rachel Mui Eugene Soltes Maryland
Anastasiya Zavyalova, Rice
Elle Yoon
Elle Yoon, University of Georgia University
Jeffrey Lovelace
6 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 7Speakers and Abstracts
Wicked Problems: Network Brokers, Institutional Responses Sustainability in the
Managing Multiple Social Bad Behaviour and to #MeToo Claims: Anthropocene and the
Evaluations in a Crisis Reputational Governance #Vaticantoo, Institutionalisation of
Jonathan Bundy, Assistant Professor, Ronald S. Burt, Hobart W. Williams #Kavanaughtoo and Corporate Greenwashing
W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona Professor of Sociology and Strategy,
State University University of Chicago Booth School of Business
the Stumbling Block of Edward Carberry, Associate Professor of
Management, University of Massachusetts, Boston
Despite the central role of social evaluations in crises and This is a study of colleagues citing one another for bad
Scandal
Although the number of firms claiming significant sustainability
crisis management, confusion persists as to the nature of behaviour, a third-generation research question about the Mary Anne Case, Arnold I. Shure Professor of Law, University of
efforts has dramatically increased over the last decade, climate
the different evaluations that stakeholders make. As a result, externalities of broker behaviour, behaviour itself constituting Chicago Law School
change continues at an alarming pace, raising questions about
crises may threaten different evaluations in different ways, and a second generation of research built on the first generation
The #MeToo movement has led institutions of all sorts to take the impacts of corporate sustainability efforts. This paper
organisational attempts to manage one social evaluation may that linked success with network structures rich in brokerage
more seriously than heretofore claims that powerful men, in time demonstrates, through an analysis of the sustainability efforts
harm or threaten others. Integrating research from the fields of opportunities. Using three years of data on colleagues citing
frames ranging from decades ago to very recently, have engaged of the S&P 500, that despite the sophistication of corporate
management, strategy, organisational behaviour, communication investment bankers for bad behaviour, I show that network
in sexual imposition ranging from rape to crude suggestiveness. environmental reporting, the actual impacts of sustainability
and public relations, we present an overarching framework for brokers are associated with bad behaviour. The visible
What the movement has not resolved is what is to be done going programmes on measures taken seriously by climate scientists
understanding: 1) the nature of stakeholder’s different social association, however, is spurious. Network brokers have larger
forward with the men against whom such claims are credibly are quite limited. We use this evidence to theorise how more
evaluations — including social approval, legitimacy, reputation, networks, and bad-behaviour citations increase with total
asserted. The hope that they would voluntarily and permanently varied and complex forms of corporate greenwashing have
status and celebrity; 2) the role of each social evaluation in number of citations. When network size is held constant, the
step aside was, of course, over-optimistic. Yet the possibility that become institutionalised, and highlight the implications of our
a crisis — including how each evaluation is threatened by a association between brokers and bad behaviour disappears.
no avenue for redemption seems open may have led many of findings for theories of corporate responses to activism.
crisis and how an organisation may differentially manage its More, retribution for bad behaviour is exercised through
the accused to make the rational calculation that anything short
evaluations. We then consider how future research might work network status. Holding constant network size, the bankers CO-AUTHOR:
of categorical denial would be career ending. The calculation for
to better understand the role of social evaluations in crisis. Our cited more often for bad behaviour have lower network status.
the institutions involved is also difficult. This paper will centre on Matthew S. Urdan, PhD Student, Organisations and Social
primary recommendation is that scholars conduct more studies Models predicting annual earnings show no direct association
one kind of institutional response, actually - though disastrously Change, College of Management, University of Massachusetts,
that consider multiple evaluations as antecedents, critical with citations for bad behaviour, but the usual low returns for
- used by the Catholic Church in its response over time to Boston
conditions and outcomes of the crisis management process. low-status bankers. In sum, the standard network model of
allegations of clerical sexual abuse, a response the Church saw as
reputational governance is supported: bad behaviour is punished
CO-AUTHORS: dictated by the canon law doctrine of scandal. As the Church saw
by lower network status, which lowers returns to network
it, even worse than the sexual sins committed by its clergy would
Michael Pfarrer, Professor, Terry College of Business, University brokerage.
be public acknowledgement of them in such a way as to present
of Georgia
CO-AUTHOR: a stumbling block (“skandalon” in Greek) to the faith of believers.
Farhan Iqbal, PhD Student, Terry College of Business, University Thus, secrecy to the point of cover-up could be seen not as a
Song Wang, Associate Professor, Innovation, Entrepreneurship
of Georgia problem, but as an imperative, a contribution to the greater good.
and Strategy, School of Management, Zhejiang University
As many critics have noted, the project thus became one of
reputation management rather than of victim protection. After
reviewing ways in which the doctrine of scandal can be seen to
account for institutional responses to allegations against Catholic
clergy and in some analogous cases such as that of US Supreme
Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, the paper will suggest that
while the idea behind the doctrine of scandal - that the effect of
allegations of wrongdoing by those in power on the people’s faith
in institutions is an important consideration - may be a sound
idea, the doctrine itself needs to be reformed because it is the
operation of the doctrine itself, as it motivates and justifies cover-
up of wrongdoing, that has become a stumbling block to faith in
the institutions affected..
8 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 9Speakers and Abstracts continued
Guilty by Association: The Under the Influence: User Comments and Simply the Best:
Effects of Terrorism on Corporate Reputation Individuals’ Reactions How Positive Social
Country Reputation and Management in a Social to Corporate Crisis Evaluations Can Lead to
Corporate Activity Media World Responses: The Organisational Hubris
Alper Darendeli, Assistant Professor, Margaret Duffy, Professor at the Missouri Amplification Effect on Daniel Gamache,Assistant Professor, Terry
Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Business School School of Journalism, University of Missouri College of Business, University of Georgia
Reputational Outcomes
By exploiting variations in nationalities of foreign victims in local Corporations, brands and marketing communication agencies Social evaluations research has suggested a wide range of
Michael Etter, Senior Lecturer, King’s Business School, King’s
terror attacks, we identify distortionary effects of terrorism on are increasingly attentive to online “influencers”, individuals benefits and costs associated with widespread social approval:
College London
country reputations and corporate sales to foreign countries. The who develop social media followings and thus are able to have e.g., reputation and celebrity. We develop theory to show that
effects of terrorism are economically and statistically significant, impacts on perceptions audiences may have. Using a range of Other people’s opinions have substantial influence on individual these forms of positive external evaluations of a firm can change
persistent and more pronounced after attacks with casualties and tools and platforms, these influencers successfully compete judgment formation. Social influence theory argues that a the very nature of the firm itself. To do so, we introduce the
high levels of foreign media coverage. “Guilty-by-association” for time and attention with professional marketing messaging. perceived consensus or majority opinion about an issue affects construct “organisational hubris”, which we define as a collective
firms, i.e., local country firms whose names resemble names from Moreover, they have been shown to have impact on brand individuals’ judgments. Accordingly, we study the effects of user attitude marked by an inflated sense of pride and confidence
their countries of origin, are noticeably affected through greater preferences and corporate reputation. Many firms have adopted comments on individuals’ reactions to a firms’ crisis response in the organisation that becomes a pervasive characteristic
deterioration in foreign segment sales. Distortions driven by influencer strategies as part of their overall approaches to in social media. With an in-between experiment, we test how of the organisation and its members. Drawing on research on
terrorist activities are associated with reductions in overall firm measuring and strengthening their corporate reputations. Facebook comments about a firm’s crisis response influence organisational-level attitudes, we propose that organisational
value, asset growth and profitability. However, less attention has been paid to social media message reputational outcomes. We find an amplification effect, whereby hubris develops following intense or persistent positive social
content and effectiveness or to the relative effectiveness of supportive user comments decrease reputation loss, when a firm evaluations from external sources and is collectivised as a result
CO-AUTHOR:
TV advertising versus influencer messaging. To that end, the disseminates an apology or information response in an intentional of shared cognition and emotional contagion. Organisational
Mehmet Ihsan Canayaz, Assistant Professor, Smeal College of present study is one of a series of experiments using simulated crisis scenario. Negative comments, on the other hand, increase hubris is more durable than executive hubris and thus can have
Business, Pennsylvania State University YouTube or other social media sites. The study tests corporate reputation loss, when a firm denies its responsibility and uses a influences that last beyond the tenure of a specific executive.
or influencer messages examining how disclosures and narrative scapegoating response. However, we find that user comments Once developed, organisational hubris leads to decisions and
conditions affect credibility, trust, persuasion knowledge, were not able to offset the effect of inappropriate crisis actions with two defining characteristics: latitude and insularity.
message engagement and corporate reputation. responses. We explain these results with social judgment theory Ultimately, organisational hubris becomes a powerful force that
and discuss our findings in front of recent crisis communication leads to reduced executive discretion and, as such, limits the
CO-AUTHORS:
literature. ability of the CEO and other top executives to shape the firm.
Eunjin (Anna) Kim, Assistant Professor, Annenberg School for
CO-AUTHORS: CO-AUTHOR:
Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
Matthes Fleck, Professor, University of Applied Sciences, Lucerne, Kevin Curran, Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for
Esther Thorson, Professor and Associate Dean, College of
Switzerland Corporate Reputation
Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University
Roy Mueller, Associate Consultant, Farner Consulting
10 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 11Speakers and Abstracts continued
Down and Out? A Case Real-Time Longitudinal Understanding the Drivers Brokers Behaving Badly:
Study of White Collar Analysis of Brand of Word-of-Mouth How Burnout Leads to
Prisoners in the United Reputation Volume Across Industries Abusive Behaviour
States Attempting to Ming-Hui Huang, Distinguished Timothy Keiningham, J. Donald Kennedy Martin Kilduff, Professor and Director of
Professor of Electronic Commerce Endowed Chair in E-Commerce and Research, UCL School of Management
Recover from Reputation in the Department of Information Management, College of Professor of Marketing, Peter J. Tobin College of Business, St
The returns to social network brokerage are well established,
Loss Management, National Taiwan University John’s University
but the downsides are less examined. Brokerage involves
William Harvey, Director of Research and Professor of Many brand reputation measures currently exist, mostly at the Managers and researchers are keenly interested in understanding effortful work, such as transferring information and facilitating
Management, Exeter University Business School aggregate level, such as the Interbrand “Best Global Brands” list, the drivers of word-of-mouth (WOM) volume. This research coordination. These work demands deplete energy, with
that ranks leading companies in terms of their overall reputation. investigates the different types of WOM behaviours associated implications for abusive behaviour toward co-workers. Not
Despite extensive research on reputation and identity, our
Other brand measures, such as the Y&R Brand Asset Valuator, rely with six attitudinal drivers (customer satisfaction, positive all brokerage is likely to exhibit this pattern. Whereas catalyst
understanding of how both constructs intersect is narrow
on customer brand perception surveys. We develop a new social emotions, negative emotions, affective commitment, calculative brokerage involves bringing people together for mutual benefit
and limited. This paper draws on an ethnographic study of
media-based brand reputation tracker by mining Twitter data for commitment, self-brand connection). We began by building (i.e., tertius iungens), divide-between brokerage involves creating
70 inmates at a federal prison camp in the United States to
comments on three drivers of brand reputation — value, brand a large-scale multi-national database that includes attitudinal or maintaining disunion in pursuit of personal or organisational
understand how professionals can recover after a devastating
and relationship —based on the Rust-Zeithaml-Lemon customer drivers, customer characteristics, and a full range of WOM goals (i.e., tertius gaudens). It is divide-between brokerage
loss of reputation. The paper provides three theoretical insights
equity driver framework. The customer equity driver framework behaviours, involving both sending and receiving positive and that, we argue, leads to abusive behaviour mediated by broker
in relation to reputation. First, we explain the socio-cognitive
was designed to map to strategic marketing expenditures and negative WOM. Moreover, we distinguished between WOM burnout. The physical and mental demands involved in maintaining
processes of how professionals cope with attempts to rebuild
has been applied at many leading companies worldwide. We between friends and family (i.e., strong ties) and WOM between separation between different groups or people are likely to use
their reputation. Second, we argue that identity and construed
collected longitudinal data for 100 leading global brands, from weak ties such as online connections. The combination results up valuable resources of time, attention and energy. By contrast,
image play an important role in rebuilding reputation when
July 1 2016 to the end of 2018, on a weekly, monthly, and in a typology of eight distinct WOM behaviours. We explore coordinating across separated parties in pursuit of mutual gains is
reputation signals are absent. Third, we show the relative
quarterly basis. We measure volume and sentiment on the three the drivers of those behaviours, and their moderators, using likely to provide catalyst brokers with positive emotion that helps
importance of capability and character as well as a more
drivers of brand reputation and show that the tracker reflects a hierarchical Bayes model in which all WOM behaviours are ameliorate the emotional exhaustion and related symptoms of
important concept, contribution, for rebuilding reputation.
important brand events, and that the three drivers of brand simultaneously modelled. The data examined is from 15,147 burnout. Across four studies, we found support for the prediction
CO-AUTHORS: reputation vary in terms of the degree to which they reflect unique respondents spanning 10 countries (Australia, Brazil, that, relative to catalyst brokers, divide-between brokers whose
those events. We explore the stationarity of the drivers and Canada, China, France, India, Russia, Spain, UK and US) and 793 resources are depleted because of burnout are likely to engage
Navdeep Arora, University of Exeter Business School
analyse the interdependence pattern between them. We further different brands, representing eight broad industry categories in abusive, aggressive and counter-productive work behaviour.
Dimitrios Spyridonidis, Associate Professor, University of link the drivers to firm abnormal stock returns to demonstrate (utilities, manufacturing, pharmacy, retail, transportation and Engaging in divide-between brokerage puts the broker at risk of
Warwick Business School the nomological validity of the drivers and their actionability for warehousing, information, accommodation and food services, not just tiredness but abusiveness toward others.
brand management. The tracker connects social media mining finance and insurance). Our findings clearly demonstrate that
CO-AUTHORS:
and marketing, making brand reputation measure accessible in an when looking at the impact of each attitudinal driver across WOM
almost real-time manner, and bridges the corporate reputation behaviours simultaneously, almost all result in WOM behaviours Jung Won Lee, Doctoral student, UCL School of Management
literature with marketing outcomes by bringing in the customer- that are both good and bad for the firm. Moreover, the strength
Eric Quintane, Associate Professor, School of Management,
focused measure of brand reputation. of each key driver varies widely across WOM behaviour type.
Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
Adding to the complexity, this effect differs greatly by industry
CO-AUTHORS:
type. As a result, this research provides a clear road map for Sun Young Lee, Assistant Professor, UCL School of Management
Roland T. Rust, Distinguished University Professor and David managers to obtain the preferred set of WOM behaviours.
Camilla Umana, Doctoral student, School of Management,
Bruce Smith Chair in Marketing, Robert H. Smith School of
CO-AUTHORS: Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
Business, University of Maryland
Roland T. Rust, Distinguished University Professor and David
William Rand, Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Poole
Bruce Smith Chair in Marketing, University of Maryland
College of Management, North Carolina State University
Bart Larivière, Associate Professor of Marketing, KU Leuven
Andrew T. Stephen, L’Oreal Professor of Marketing, Saïd
University
Business School, University of Oxford
Lerzan Aksoy, Professor of Marketing, Gabelli School of
Gillian Brooks, Postdoctoral Career Development Fellow in
Business, Fordham University
Marketing, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford
Luke Williams, Head of CX Strategy and Thought Leadership,
Timur Chabuk, Director of Intelligent Information Systems at
Qualtrics
Perceptronics Solutions, Inc
12 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 13Speakers and Abstracts continued
Good Fun or Laughing Country Reputation and The Push and Pull of Cloaking amidst
Stock? How CEO Trait Investor Reactions to Attaining CEO Celebrity Contestation: Firms’ Use
Humour Affects Corporate Cross-border Acquisitions Jeffrey Lovelace, Assistant Professor of Obfuscating Branding
of Commerce, McIntire School of
Reputation, Legitimacy Chengguang Li, Assistant Professor, Ivey
Commerce, University of Virginia
Strategies to Avoid
Business School, Western University
and Social Approval Why do some CEOs become celebrities, while others with
Product-level Disruption
Our paper examines the role of country reputation as a category
Andreas König, Professor of Management, University of Passau
signal for investors evaluating cross-border acquisitions. We argue
seemingly equal accomplishments do not? While two decades of from Social Activism
research on CEO social acclaim have furthered our understanding
We develop theory on how the CEO’s level of trait humour – i.e., that a country’s reputation imprints on its firms so that those Mary-Hunter McDonnell, Assistant Professor of Management,
of CEO celebrity, far more is known about its consequences than
his or her tendency to engage in playful social behaviour that hailing from nations with better reputations are viewed as having The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
its determinants. Studies have shown that while CEOs derive
establishes an incongruent relationship or meaning and, thereby, superior skills/capabilities. Investors frequently use heuristics
considerable personal benefits from social acclaim in the forms of Contentious social movements seek to compel corporate social
amuses followers – affects external constituents’ views of the in their decision-making, as they often lack sufficient time and
increased pay, external board seats, and protection from dismissal reform through tactics like protests and boycotts that villainise
focal organisation. Combining the social psychology of humour cognitive resources to thoroughly analyse all available information.
their firms tend to suffer as a result. Celebrity, it seems, yields a firm in order to threaten its reputation and drive consumers
with research on social evaluations of firms, we argue that Thus, we expect investors to react more positively toward
valuable validation for CEOs, but it can also go to their heads, away from its products or services. In this paper, we introduce
CEO humour has differential effects, depending on the type of cross-border acquisitions when the reputation of the acquirer’s
causing various combinations of complacency, risk-taking, and a defensive marketing strategy — what we call “cloaking” —
humour employed – i.e., positive versus negative, and self- nation is greater than that of the target’s, since the difference
hubris that negatively affect performance. While firm success and that chronically targeted companies use to limit the disruptive
directed versus others-directed – and the category of social signals that the acquirer is able to identify/exploit undervalued
the attribution of that success to the CEO has been established reach of activism. The strategy involves introducing products
evaluations – i.e., social approval, legitimacy, and reputation. targets and leverage synergies. This relationship should be weaker
as a minor predictor of CEO celebrity, other factors influencing under sub-brands or through independently branded subsidiaries
For instance, we argue that a higher tendency of the CEO to when substitute signals, such as news media reporting on the
this process have not been systematically examined. This study that obfuscate the parent firm’s ownership. We explore the
employ positive types of humour increases the social approval merging firms, analyst coverage of the firms, and the acquirer’s
aims to enhance our understanding of the process through which relationship between activism and cloaking in a longitudinal
of the focal firm among constituents. In contrast, as humour prior acquisition track record, are present, as investors will be less
CEOs attain celebrity by introducing a theory that outlines key panel that tracks the branding strategies employed in the launch
oftentimes includes norm violations, a higher tendency of the reliant on country reputation as a signal. Furthermore, we propose
antecedents of CEO celebrity, developing a novel measure of CEO of over 64,000 products owned by public US firms. We suggest
CEO to employ humour – even positive humour – negatively that news media reporting weakens the relationship between
celebrity based on a comprehensive set of traditional and online that a cloaking strategy is most prevalent when contested
affects constituents’ assessments of the firm’s legitimacy. We country reputation differentials and investor reactions to a greater
media sources that better reflects celebrity’s categorical nature, firms seek to offer products in market niches aligned with a
extend our ideas by theorising on the degree to which these extent than analyst coverage. Data on 4,792 cross-border
and providing insights into the trajectory of CEO celebrity over movement (such as products branded as “green” or “organic”),
effects might differ depending on the respective CEO’s celebrity acquisitions in 48 countries between 2009 and 2017 support our
the course of a CEO’s tenure. especially when the parent has a poor reputation in the niche’s
and the type of external constituents – “main street” versus hypotheses.
domain.
“Wall street” constituents. Our theorising contributes to the CO-AUTHORS:
CO-AUTHORS:
literature on corporate reputation, the unfolding conversation on CO-AUTHOR:
Jonathan Bundy, Assistant Professor, W. P. Carey School of
social implications of executive personality, and leader humour Oded Shenkar, Ford Motor Company Chair in Global Business
Business, Arizona State University Todd Schifeling, Assistant Professor of Strategic Management,
research. Management and Professor, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio
Fox School of Business, Temple University
State University Timothy G. Pollock, Haslam Chair in Business, Distinguished
CO-AUTHORS:
Professor of Entrepreneurship, Haslam College of Business,
William E. Newburry, Chair, Department of International
Dominik Bong, PhD Candidate, University of Passau University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Business; Ryder Eminent Scholar of Global Business, Florida
Benno Stöcklein, PhD Candidate, University of Passau International, University College of Business Donald C. Hambrick, Evan Pugh University Professor & Smeal
Chaired Professor of Management, Penn State Smeal College of
Lorenz Graf-Vlachy, Assistant Professor, Chair of Strategic
Business
Management, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, University of
Passau
14 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 15Speakers and Abstracts continued
The Scorpion & The Frog: Underwriter Competition The Grass is Always Surviving Bad Behaviour:
Making Sense of the and Bargaining Power Greener: The Impact of What Explains the
Roman Catholic Church’s in the Corporate Bond Home and Host Country Reputation Penalty?
Response to the Clergy Market CSR Reputation on Firm Sonja Opper, Gad Rausing Professor of
International Economics, Lund School of
Sex Abuse Crisis Katya Neretina, Assistant Professor of Internationalisation Economics and Management, Lund University
Finance and Business Economics, University of South Carolina
Patrick Nash, Research Fellow at the Woolf Institute, University William Newburry, Chair, Department of International Business;
Bad behaviour in social exchange comes with a reputation penalty.
of Cambridge We study the impact of underwriter competition on corporate Ryder Eminent Scholar of Global Business, Florida International
Offenders are less likely to be trusted and are less likely to be
bond contracts. We develop a new measure of underwriter University College of Business
This paper will address three main issues. First, it examines the approached for cooperative action in the future. Yet, not all
power and a novel empirical approach, based on the
scale of and unique aggravating features present in the sex The purpose of this study is to introduce the novel concept of offenders experience the same penalty. Some recover quickly,
underwriter’s comparative ability to place bonds. When an issuer
abuse crisis within the Church. Second, it provides an overview CSR reputation and understand its impact on cross-country others are avoided for a long time to come, or get cut-off from
has few “outside options” to take his bond to the market, the
and assessment of the Church’s canonical response to clergy investments. We combine Diffuse Reciprocity from international the network. Using data on 384 people cited as problematic
underwriter enjoys a stronger bargaining power over the issuer.
abuse. Third, it looks at the Church’s own understanding of the relations literature and Institutional Theory to argue that having connections within the networks around Chinese entrepreneurs,
The key feature of our approach is that underwriter power
crisis in contrast to the way in which secular authorities and a home country with a high CSR reputation is an advantage this study explores the extent to which personal attributes of the
varies within a given underwriter at a given point in time across
commentators often perceive it. The paper argues that the that firms can exploit as it makes these firms more attractive offender, the substance of the “incident” and network structure
different issuers, allowing us to separate the effects of power
Church’s actions and continuing failure to resolve the crisis — at to potential host markets as policymakers contemplate inward help to explain variation in individual reputation penalties.
from those of reputation and certification with a fixed effects
great cost to its reputation — are best understood through foreign direct investment strategies. Moreover, we propose Personal attributes and the substance of the incident have a
strategy. Using our measure, we document that powerful
the associational theory of Michael Oakeshott. In short, the that there are increased cross-country investments between negligible effect on the reputation penalty. What matters is the
underwriters are able to extract rents at the expense of bond
Roman Catholic Church is by nature an enterprise association countries with dissimilar CSR reputations so that firms can benefit network around the offended entrepreneur and the offender.
issuers, in the form of higher fees, issuance yield spreads, and
par excellence and the considerations it takes into account when from the normative institutional gap, and that this relationship Entrepreneurs surrounded by closed networks tend to impose
underpricing. Issuers facing underwriters with the highest
handling abuse cases reflect this. The paper concludes with a is positively moderated by the economic distance between larger reputation penalties at the same time that offenders
bargaining power have a $1.5 million higher issuance cost, or
final prognosis of the prospects of fundamental legal and cultural the countries. Analyses of 45,344 country-pair observations embedded in closed networks tend to “survive” the incident
about 16% relative to the average issue. A number of checks
change within the Church, as well as suggesting pragmatic across 7,206 country pairs from 153 countries and eight years with a smaller reputation penalty. This leads to a counter-
rule out alternative explanations based on certification, loyalty,
measures to promote improvement. provide robust support. Overall, our analyses suggest that high intuitive conclusion: while closed networks are most effective in
and omitted issuer and/or issue characteristics. Our findings
country-level CSR reputations imprint on their firm as they invest monitoring and detecting malfeasance within the network, closure
suggest that lack of underwriter competition results in material
abroad, helping to promote CSR on a global basis, thus supporting around the offender guards against related penalties.
costs for corporate bond issuers.
policymakers as they pursue sustainable development and the
CO-AUTHORS: 2030 Agenda.
Alberto Manconi, Assistant Professor, Department of Finance, CO-AUTHORS:
Bocconi University
Luis Alfonso Dau, Associate Professor, International Business
Luc Renneboog, Professor, Tilburg School of Economics and and Strategy, D’Amore McKim School of Business, Northeastern
Management University
Elizabeth Moore, Teaching Professor, D’Amore McKim School of
Business, Northeastern University
16 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 WWW.SBS.OXFORD.EDU/REPUTATION 17Speakers and Abstracts continued
Unwelcome Voices: When Stigma Doesn’t The Joke’s on Us: The Governance under the
The Gender Bias- Stick: Occupational Power of Social Media to Shadow of the Law:
Mitigating Potential of Stratification in the Influence Evaluations of Trading High-value Fine
Unconventionality Sharing Economy Corporations and their Art
Owen Parker, Assistant Professor, Spears Kam Phung, PhD Candidate and Leaders Anja Shortland, Professor in Political
School of Business, Oklahoma State University Government of Canada Vanier Scholar, Schulich School of Economy, King’s College London
Rhonda Reger, M. Watkins Distinguished Professor of
Business, York University, Canada
Rachel Mui, Assistant Professor, ESC Rennes School of Business Management, Robert J. Trulaske, Sr. College of Business, The market for paintings by well-known artists is booming despite
Existing research suggests that when an occupation is University of Missouri widespread concern about art crime and difficulties in establishing
Substantial evidence indicates that leaders are perceived
stigmatised, new entrants will quickly become stigmatised authorship. Public law enforcement is limited, and court cases
through a lens of gender bias, but what mitigates such bias This presentation develops new theory about the ability of
because stigma is transferable. While such work has advanced are often deemed problematic. So how is this thriving market
remains underexplored. Examining men and women in creative, social media content to affect social evaluations of firms and
our understanding of stigma, we argue that existing theorising governed in practice? We analyse the protocols used by the top
project-based leadership roles, we integrate insights from role their leaders. It further presents results testing that theory
on the transferability or stickiness of stigma does not account auction houses to identify and resolve problems of illicit supplies
congruity and gender-bias literatures to predict how project using a unique form of figurative content, internet memes.
for large-scale shifts in the modern workforce that are – fakes, forgeries, and items with defective legal titles – through
unconventionality and leader gender affect external perceptions Most research in management on the power of media to
changing the face and nature of many traditionally stigmatised the lens of institutional analysis. We uncover a polycentric private
of project quality. We argue that prejudice against female leaders influence evaluations of corporations and their leaders has
occupations. In particular, the emergence of the “sharing” governance system in which different actors govern distinct
is strongest for conventional projects due to the established content analysed traditional information intermediary content
or “gig” economy has radically re-defined many occupations but overlapping issue areas; motivated by profit, prestige or the
presence of male-centric prototypical projects which induce bias, (traditional media and industry analysts), which tends to be
through the use of modern technologies that alter the ways in search for truth. When the financial stakes rise, opportunistic
but that project unconventionality weakens this bias by distancing literal, factual and temperate. In contrast, the content we
which new members enter an occupation and are perceived. behaviour undermines the credibility of private governance.
the project from these male-centric prototypes. We find support are interested in on social media relies on more figurative
So, when new entrants are numerous and associated with We argue that as litigious, super-rich investors entered the art
for this using a sample of 1,414 films by 32 major film studios communication including metaphors, hyperbole and parody,
sharing economy innovation, will stigma transfer as readily market, the interaction between public law and the traditional
(1990-2014) across three measures of perceived quality: which are more powerful rhetorical devices. We will share the
and impact reputation? We explore this through an inductive private governance system restricted the supply of “blue chip”
moviegoer ratings, critic ratings, and film awards. results of a series of laboratory studies that test a theoretical
study of Uber’s entry to taxi driving in Canada. We find that art, driving the escalation of prices.
framework using memes about firms and CEOs. We find that
CO-AUTHOR: new entrants can avoid stigma transfer and build reputation by
memes are more than just funny cat pictures with silly captions; CO-AUTHOR:
creating categorical distinctiveness and showcasing identity
Varkey Titus, Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln some of them significantly impact evaluations of corporations
discrepancies that enable them to deflect the taint associated Andrew Shortland, Professor in Forensic Archaeology, Cranfield
College of Business and their leaders, both positively and negatively. Ramifications
with incumbents. These efforts result in media portrayals that University
for the management of social approval in the social media era
entrench the stigma of incumbents, leading to occupational
will be offered.
stratification. In revealing this, we outline contributions to
literature on stigma, stigmatised occupations and the sharing
economy.
CO-AUTHORS:
Madeline Toubiana, Assistant Professor of Strategic
Management and Organisation, Alberta School of Business,
University of Alberta
Sean Buchanan, Assistant Professor of Business Administration,
Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba
Trish Ruebottom, Associate Professor of Management,
DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University
Luciana Turchick Hakak, Assistant Professor of Management,
School of Business, University of the Fraser Valley
18 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 19Speakers and Abstracts continued
Is ‘Not Guilty’ the Same Consumer Reputation: Using Narratives to The Movement for
as ‘Innocent’? Evidence An Overlooked Topic in Construct Reputation: A Corporate Political
from SEC Financial Fraud Reputation? New Organisational Form Accountability
Investigations Kalinda Ukanwa, Assistant Professor, Serving a Stigmatised Edward Walker, Professor of Sociology,
Marshall School of Business, University of UCLA
Eugene Soltes, Jakurski Family Associate
Southern California
Population
Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School In the absence of required disclosure of expenditures of many
Romain Vacquier, PhD Candidate, Dauphine University
There has been much research into the antecedents and forms of corporate political activity in the US, shareholder
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) routinely
consequences of corporate reputation. However, there has been Organisations are stigmatised for many reasons, including for activists have stepped up their campaigns to get firms to
investigates firms for financial fraud, but investors only learn
very little research on the reputations of consumers and their serving and representing stigmatised populations. In this case, disclose these expenditures voluntarily. These campaigns have
about regulators’ concerns if managers voluntarily disclose
impact on firm decision-making. In this presentation, I present those stigmatised organisations must navigate between being become widespread, with over 60 per cent of S&P firms facing
news of the investigation, or regulators sanction the firm.
two studies in which I investigate the potential implications perceived as “small worlds” or “total institutions”. In other shareholder resolutions in recent years (and many of those
We investigate the effects of disclosing investigations using
of consumer reputations on firm decision-making. The first words, they either seek to reduce their own and their members’ firms making concessions). This research examines the targeting
confidential records on all opened investigations, regardless
is a study of the impact of firm interventions on competitive stigmatisation through building alliances and advocating for strategies, coalition building and reputational aspects of what
of outcome. Markets exhibit some ability to identify which
reputation building among consumers on an online platform. The the stigmatised, or by isolating and limiting interactions with has come to be known as the broader movement for corporate
investigations will eventually lead to sanctions. Nonetheless,
study centres on a model of an actor’s decision to upload pirated stigmatising audiences, risking isolating themselves even more. political accountability.
even when no charges are ultimately brought, firms that
content in order to build his reputation, despite facing threats When new organisational forms emerge that seek to serve the
voluntarily disclose an investigation have significant negative
from copyright lawsuits (firm interventions seeking to deter stigmatised, how they manage their reputation both with targeted
returns, underperforming non-sanctioned firms that stayed
uploading activity) and intense competition on the platform. constituencies and with potential outside alliance partners, while
silent by 12.7 per cent for a year after the investigation
Supported by empirical evidence, I present a novel theory that simultaneously managing stigmatising audiences, is crucial for
begins. Consistent with limited investor attention, disclosing
proposes the following: because competition for reputation is building these organisations. In this study, we use a narrative
in a more prominent manner is associated with worse returns.
active on the site, the lawsuits may deter uploading in the short approach to understand the management of stigma through
CEOs who disclose an investigation are also 14 per cent more
run but may actually lead to more piracy in the long run. The reputation building in the context of organisational emergence.
likely to experience turnover. Our results are consistent with
second study is an examination of the impact that a consumer Empirically, we are conducting a longitudinal study of a project
transparency about bad news being punished, rather than
group’s reputation can have on firm decision-making. Specifically, to create the first retirement home dedicated to serving LGBT
rewarded, by financial and labour markets.
it investigates 1) conditions under which a non-prejudiced firm seniors in France. Our results suggest that the members elaborate
CO-AUTHOR: may discriminate in service against its consumers based on a multi-vocal organisational narrative to build reputation(s) of
group reputation, and 2) how subsequent consumer word-of- the stigmatised organisation towards its multiple audiences.
David Solomon, Assistant Professor, Carroll School of
mouth can impact demand and profits over time. This study This elaboration is seen as a key activity in the management of
Management, Boston College
shows that discrimination in service based on the reputation organisational stigma.
of consumer groups can be profitable in the short run but can
CO-AUTHORS:
backfire in the long run. This is due to the effects of consumer
word-of-mouth and firm competition. This research emphasises Bryant A. Hudson, IESEG School of Management
the long-term benefits of switching to a service policy that does
Thomas Roulet, University of Cambridge Judge Business School
not use group reputation information in service decisions. Both
studies contribute to the marketing literature by providing new
insights into how the reputation of the consumer, an overlooked
researched area, can have direct impact on firm decision-making.
CO-AUTHORS:
Roland T. Rust, Distinguished University Professor, Robert H.
Smith School of Business, University of Maryland
20 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2019 21You can also read
