RESILIENT LOS ANGELES - Office of Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti
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Introduction MARCH 2018
RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
RESILIENT
LOS ANGELES
lamayor.org/resilience
RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
Introduction
4 CHAPTERS, 15 GOALS, 96 ACTIONS CHAPTER 1 GOAL 1: Educate and engage Angelenos around risk
reduction and preparedness so they can be
pg 31
SAFE AND THRIVING ANGELENOS
Resilient Los Angeles is a call to action for every Angeleno to contribute will call attention to the role that individuals, self-sufficient for at least seven to 14 days
to the resilience of our city at every scale. families, businesses, and property owners after a major shock.
can take to both prevent and prepare for GOAL 2: Develop additional pathways to employment pg 41
future shocks and stresses. and the delivery of financial literacy tools to
support our most vulnerable Angelenos.
GOAL 3: Cultivate leadership, stewardship, and pg 46
equity with young Angelenos.
CHAPTER 2 GOAL 4: Build social cohesion and increase pg 56
STRONG AND CONNECTED preparedness through community
collaboration.
NEIGHBORHOODS will focus on actions
that support and strengthen community GOAL 5: Increase programs and partnerships that pg 65
connectedness and collaboration. foster welcoming neighborhoods.
GOAL 6: Prepare and protect those most vulnerable pg 69
to increasing extreme heat.
GOAL 7: Reduce health and wellness disparities pg 76
across neighborhoods.
CHAPTER 3 GOAL 8: Integrate resilience principles into pg 86
PREPARED AND RESPONSIVE CITY government to prioritize our most
will emphasize strategies the City and vulnerable people, places, and systems.
its partners will take to ensure that GOAL 9: Equip government with technology and pg 95
Los Angeles is equipped to address current data to increase situational awareness
and future challenges. and expedite post-disaster recovery.
GOAL 10: Provide safe and affordable housing for pg 99
all Angelenos.
GOAL 11: Restore, rebuild, and modernize pg 104
Los Angeles’ infrastructure.
CHAPTER 4 GOAL 12: Use climate science to develop pg 126
PIONEERING AND COLLABORATIVE adaptation strategies consistent with
PARTNER will feature the multidisciplinary the Paris Climate Agreement.
innovations and partnerships that will GOAL 13: Foster a healthy and connected pg 132
continue to propel Los Angeles forward as Los Angeles River system.
a leader among our global peers.
GOAL 14: Strengthen regional systems and fortify pg 137
critical infrastructure.
GOAL 15: Grow public, private, and philanthropic pg 143
partnerships that will increase resources
dedicated to building resilience.
2 Resilient Los Angeles 3
Introduction Introduction
Letter From Mayor Eric Garcetti Letter From Los Angeles’ Letter From 100 Resilient Cities
These threats are emerging quickly, and First Chief Resilience Officer On behalf of the entire 100 Resilient Cities team, I want to
we can’t wait for catastrophes to hit before congratulate Mayor Garcetti and the City of Los Angeles
Angelenos have a long history overcoming the challenges
confronting them. We need a comprehensive, on the release of Resilient Los Angeles, a major mile-
they face and forging opportunity and inspiration from
strategically coordinated approach to stone for the City and for our partnership. This ambitious
them. Resilient Los Angeles builds on this foundation by
strategy cements Los Angeles’ status as a global leader
urban resilience. providing solutions to a city that has already accom-
and innovator and will lead to an even stronger and
plished a lot to create the conditions for developing
That’s what Resilient Los Angeles is about. more dynamic city.
meaning resilience.
It’s a plan that includes strategies to help us At its core, building resilience means strengthening our
As a city of dramatic contrasts, Los Angeles spans a
fortify our infrastructure, protect our economy, community fabric today so that we can survive, adapt,
vast range of geographies, climates, conditions, and
and make our city safer. But it’s also about communities that pose disparate challenges and
and thrive no matter what kind of crisis or catastrophe
strengthening the bonds of community in opportunities. Los Angeles’ complexity requires a
is in our future. It means thoughtfully examining how all
our neighborhoods and reinforcing universal nuanced but bold vision. Resilient Los Angeles has that
of our systems, communities, and vulnerabilities intersect
vision, with a scope and scale that leverage the city’s
values like inclusion and respect—because we and affect one another. If left unaddressed, any one of
strengths and systems to build a more resilient urban
can only overcome our greatest threats if we these stresses will not only continue to negatively impact
ecosystem. Even amid the many innovative strategies
work together. Angelenos’ daily lives, but also exacerbate disasters
we have already seen across our network, this strategy
when they occur. We must do everything we can to keep
Los Angeles is already leading on seismic Angelenos safe in their homes and neighborhoods—
stands apart. From planning for the individual, family,
safety with the Resilience by Design report and business and property owner; to local community
and in our city—during times of crisis.
developed by my office in 2014. And we’re networks and neighborhoods; to citywide policies,
Resilient Los Angeles represents both a beginning and services, and infrastructure; to partnerships in the region
taking aggressive steps to become a model for
an end. It is the culmination of a months-long process to beyond—Resilient Los Angeles spans all of the city’s
sustainability with my Sustainable City pLAn.
cultivate partnerships and develop actions that increase systems without losing sight of its constituent parts and
My fellow Angelenos: Resilient Los Angeles builds on those ideas and
Los Angeles’ resilience. It is also the beginning of a the lives of individual Angelenos. While it empowers the
brings them together into one plan that will
greater citywide commitment to continue to collaborate, individual, the community, the city, and the region, it
Recent catastrophes around the world— guide us toward a more resilient future. form new partnerships, and design new initiatives in a also emphasizes that the effort is collective, the future
hurricanes in the U.S. and the Caribbean,
The decisions we make today will shape the continuous process that will contribute to a safer and dependent on each part of the greater whole. This is
earthquakes in Mexico, fires in the western U.S.,
stronger Los Angeles. what meaningful resilience is about and the only way it
flooding in Nepal and Bangladesh—are serious city that our children and grandchildren will
live in tomorrow—and we have a responsibility can be built.
reminders that every community needs focused I want to thank the hundreds of partners that have
resilience strategies. to protect their future. This plan will help give participated in the development of Resilient Los Angeles. Los Angeles’ approach to building urban resilience within
us the insight and tools we need to build a Experts from Los Angeles’ leading academic institutions; the city, throughout the state, and across the 100RC
In Los Angeles, we know a major earthquake is more resilient Los Angeles, and I look forward professional associations; City departments; and public, Network has made it a leader in our global movement.
a matter of when, not if. And we know that the to working with all of you to accomplish that private, and nonprofit partners have shaped the next Also groundbreaking is the strategy’s ambitious
next one could be more than 10 times worse critical goal. steps in resilience building. We invite every Angeleno to commitment to innovation and leadership in the global
than the 1994 Northridge earthquake that help make our City stronger, safer, and more inclusive. resilience movement, with a chapter devoted to partner-
claimed 57 lives, injured over 9,000, displaced ships and technological innovation.
Marissa Aho, AICP
tens of thousands from their homes, and caused Sincerely, Chief Resilience Officer We are excited to continue the next stage of our
$20 billion in damage.
partnership and to collaborate in the implementation of
Eric Garcetti
And earthquakes aren’t the only threat we face: this groundbreaking strategy, which will help ensure a
Mayor
The effects of climate change are worsening, resilient future for Los Angeles and propel the resilience
and cybercrime is causing more turmoil than effort worldwide.
ever for businesses, governments, and other Michael Berkowitz, President
institutions around the world. 100 Resilient Cities
4 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 5
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Los Angeles has always been a global destination for dreamers,
doers, thinkers, and creators. We have blue skies and pristine
beaches and a rich culture of diversity, creativity, and entrepre-
neurism. The opportunities of tomorrow are limitless, as we work
to build Los Angeles into a vibrant, thriving model city of the
21st century.
Yet this dream comes with the growing pressures of our susceptibility
to the impacts of climate change and aging infrastructure. We are
all deeply aware that it is a question of when, not if Los Angeles will
face the next Big One—whether it’s an earthquake, flood,
heatwave, fire, or other disaster with long-term impacts. While we
have made great strides over the past 25 years, it’s time to do
more—to strengthen and create new partnerships, to change the
way our government collaborates and to empower and secure our
communities—so that we can work together to make L.A. a global
model of resilience.
Building a more resilient Los Angeles starts with addressing the
needs of our most vulnerable populations and neighborhoods.
Too often, those who are least equipped to handle the effects of
catastrophic events end up suffering the most. And empowering our
most vulnerable—children, immigrants, and lower-income residents,
among others—is not just about emergency preparedness. It is about
directly addressing those underlying daily stresses—such as poverty,
financial security, and affordable housing—and ensuring that all
Angelenos feel safe and secure in their daily lives. It also means
bringing neighbors together to strengthen our collective resources
and social bonds and innovating creative solutions along the way.
6 Resilient Los Angeles 7
Introduction Introduction
Photo: Office of Mayor Garcetti
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Let’s act today so we are all stronger and safer together tomorrow. Resilient
Los Angeles lays the groundwork for our collective action, involving
everyone from the individual family to our regional partners. This plan will
help us protect ourselves against sudden and unexpected events—from
earthquakes to flooding—and address our underlying chronic stresses,
such as economic security, climate change, and aging infrastructure. Not
only does Resilient Los Angeles give a voice to the hundreds of diverse
stakeholders engaged in defining our resilience goals over the past two
years, it provides a roadmap to achieving them. And we will hold ourselves
accountable by measuring progress toward these goals for years to come.
Los Angeles was selected as an inaugural member Our proposed actions are about building resilience to
of the 100 Resilient Cities Network in 2013. This global both the impacts of unexpected catastrophic events
network, pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation, and chronic underlying stresses. Extensive outreach
helps member cities around the world become during the resilience strategy planning process
more resilient to the physical, social, and economic resulted in five consistent themes around what
challenges of the 21st century. Through the program, resilience in Los Angeles means to our city—resulting
Los Angeles hired its first Chief Resilience Officer, in a series of goals and actions that provide a unified
Marissa Aho, who has spearheaded a collaborative call to action that is inclusive, collaborative,
effort among hundreds of stakeholders across City and ensures that we are all working together to
departments, community organizations, and partners achieve our city’s resilience.
in the nonprofit, academic, and philanthropic sectors.
The outcome of these interdisciplinary conversations Every Angeleno plays a role in building our resilience. Resilient Los Angeles actions are organized
Together, we can make Los Angeles a place where
and research are commitments to a set of actions and
people can continue to follow their dreams for around the following chapters:
to creating and expanding innovative partnerships
that discard the silos in which we traditionally work. generations to come. Safe and Thriving Angelenos Prepared and Responsive City
Every Angeleno plays a role in strengthening L.A.’s Please check our website for updates, events, and We’re building the capacity of individual families and We are setting measurable goals to build our
resilience: Each one of us can improve our city’s opportunities related to Resilient Los Angeles: businesses—both to prepare for and to recover from city’s leadership in resilience, integrating tools and
ability to withstand and recover from the impacts of lamayor.org/resilience emergency events, and to build long-term financial technology to prioritize our most vulnerable in
an unexpected shock. And this role stretches from an security. We’re also seeking to cultivate and grow decision-making, and fostering faster and more
individual person or family and the choices we make L.A.’s future leadership by partnering with young efficient disaster preparedness and recovery. We’re
to how our region’s jurisdictions work together to The 96 actions of Resilient Los Angeles Angelenos to advance equity and stewardship in also modernizing our city’s aging infrastructure for
achieve common goals. will improve outcomes around: our communities. the future and developing ways to provide more safe
and affordable housing to improve economic security
Our impact has a global reach that extends well • Leadership and Engagement Strong and Connected Neighborhoods of Angelenos.
beyond City limits: As one of the nation’s largest cities
and part of a global network, we have a unique • Disaster Preparedness and Recovery When disaster strikes, we know that recovery starts in Pioneering and Collaborative Partner
opportunity to lead by example and set the standard our local communities and networks—and we need
for effective citywide resilience. • Economic Security to further empower and engage our neighborhood Our work doesn’t stop at our city’s borders. We
organizations to foster local resilience and social recognize the role we play globally as part of the
To that end, Resilient Los Angeles is organized around • Climate Adaptation cohesion. These local networks play a critical role in 100 Resilient Cities network and the leadership we can
key themes at different scales of impact. Often, size • Infrastructure Modernization climate adaptation for our most vulnerable commu- provide to our region and beyond. We will continue to
and scale can lead to efforts in isolation; a city cannot nities. We’re also taking action to reduce local health uphold principles of climate resilience
effectively plan a disaster recovery program, for and wellness disparities while increasing economic as a city and will engage our public, private, and
example, without leveraging the important work of security for all Angelenos. philanthropic leadership to be a model through
local community partners. By creating a pathway that advocacy, infrastructure investment, and partnerships.
recognizes roles across various scales of governance,
planning, and action, we ensure our collective work
is connected—providing opportunities for information
sharing and collaboration.
8 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 9
Introduction Introduction
RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
RESILIENT L.A. TODAY
LOS ANGELES pop. 4,040,904
Largest city in CA, the most The largest city (by area)
469 sq. miles
Los Angeles is a destination for people To realize a resilient Los Angeles, we
populous state in the U.S. 1
in the U.S. 5
EXTREME HEAT DAYS IN LA NEIGHBORHOODS
from around the world to pursue must invest in strategies and actions that BY MID-CENTURY, NO MITIGATION
their dreams. More than four million address our greatest risks and protect 37.8% 100 47.3 million
DAYS/YR WITH EXTREME TEMP > 95F
Additional days
Angelenos blend cultures, beliefs, our most vulnerable people, places, of 80
L.A.’s population visitors to L.A. in 2016
per year by
6
midcentury
traditions, languages, and cuisine into a and systems. This strategy focuses on
is foreign born
2
beautiful mosaic. We value opportunity, five primary themes: 1) Leadership and CITY OF
80 Days per year
imagination, and diversity. Angelenos are Engagement; 2) Disaster Preparedness LOS ANGELES
22%
today
entrepreneurs, creators, and innovators and Recovery; 3) Economic Security; 40 $51,538 median
whose spirit has made Los Angeles into a 4) Climate Adaptation; and 5) of 20
the population household income
7
world-class cultural and economic hub. Infrastructure Modernization.
lives in poverty 3
0
Over the past 25 years, Los Angeles has These are not challenges with simple
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have collaborated to reduce crime and ment we make in our people, places, and
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to invest in new public transit, cleaner systems to address these challenges and
air, and greener technology. We have advance our resilience goals. 9
GROWING DIVERSITY
strengthened and grown our cultural
institutions, built new schools and parks, Building the City’s resilience will require 4,000,000 Mixed/Other
and witnessed the revitalization of our every Angeleno to play a role through
Native American
downtown. We have made commitments individual participation and collective 3,000,000
Black
action. While the future seems increasingly
POPULATION
to build more affordable housing, increase
Asian/
the minimum wage, double our transit unpredictable, we do know many of our
2,000,000 Pacific Islander
network, improve air quality, and revitalize risks and many of the remedies that we Latino
our river. can use to address them.
1,000,000 White
Resilient Los Angeles is a commitment to a As we work together to create a safer
0
thriving future for all Angelenos. Resilience and stronger Los Angeles, we need to
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
is the capacity to survive, adapt, and strengthen our community fabric by stitch-
grow—regardless of adversity and ing together resources, partnerships, and
setbacks. Recent events have brought the creative solutions for prioritizing our most
challenges that cities around the globe vulnerable people, places, and systems.
face to the forefront—from earthquakes Resilient Los Angeles seeks to move
and fires to record-breaking storms and forward this dialogue and invites all
heat waves and from a growing homeless- Angelenos and potential partners to join Vulnerable Populations and Neighborhoods
ness crisis to aging infrastructure. And we in the discussion and to work together
know that our most vulnerable people and When we talk about vulnerable popula- race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual
to build a city that is safe, livable, and tions and neighborhoods throughout this orientation, age, social class, physical
places are disproportionately impacted prosperous for all Angelenos.
by these challenges. document, we want to be clear about ability or attributes, religious or ethical
not projecting a victimhood label on any values system, national origin, immigrant
A resilient Los Angeles is a city that is Angeleno or neighborhood. The diversity status, linguistic ability, or ZIP code
safe, livable, and prosperous no matter of our neighbors and neighborhoods is a makes them inherently vulnerable. We see
the stresses and shocks. The stronger our source of pride for our city as we continue acknowledging vulnerability as an assess-
foundation is today, the more prepared to strive for additional inclusion and ment of the system’s deficiencies, rather
and connected we are to withstand a participation from everyone. However, it is than as a judgment of any Angeleno or
major event and to emerge even stronger. important to acknowledge the inequities neighborhood. And while Resilient Los
And, as many Angelenos know, it is a and disparities that more advantaged Angeles is for every Angeleno, the actions
matter of when, and not if, a catastrophic Angelenos and affluent neighborhoods do we take to make Los Angeles safer and
event will occur. not face, including historical and systemic stronger will prioritize identifying and
discrimination, exclusion, marginalization, addressing our greatest vulnerabilities.
exploitation, underrepresentation, and dis-
investment. Nothing about an individual’s
10 11
Introduction Introduction
TURNING L.A. INTO THE STRONGEST Preserve existing affordable housing units and build at least 100,000 new housing
units by 2021.
AND SAFEST CITY IN THE WORLD Reduce the unsheltered population by at least half by 2022.
Increase access to financial empowerment services and asset-building
Resilient Los Angeles focuses on the pressing challenges and opportunities that will shape our Economic opportunities by 2022.
city today and for future generations. The City will address our preparedness for disasters, the Security
economic security of all Angelenos, the threats of climate change, and our aging infrastructure. Increase life expectancy for those in our most vulnerable neighborhoods by 2028.
The City will advance this work through initiatives and measurable targets that include:
Develop resilience hubs in our most vulnerable neighborhoods by 2028.
Expand the Mayor’s Office of Resilience by the end of 2018. Prepare for the impacts of climate change by developing a comprehensive city-
wide climate risk and vulnerability assessment by 2019.
Designate Departmental Chief Resilience Officers by April 2018.
Accelerate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and meet or exceed climate
Track and report on resilience outcomes that show measurable progress for our resilience outcomes consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement by 2020.
most vulnerable populations and neighborhoods by 2022.
Leadership Climate Develop and implement urban heat island reduction plans and demonstration
and Increase real-time data gathering and sharing tools to improve adaptive capac- Adaptation projects in our most vulnerable neighborhoods by 2022.
Engagement ity, data-driven decision-making, and increased situational awareness by 2022.
Increase access to green space and open space through investments along the
Engage the next generation of leaders in resilience-building by 2028. Los Angeles River system and in underserved neighborhoods by 2028.
Increase equitable tree canopy coverage by 2028.
Bring earthquake early warning technology to all Angelenos by the end of 2018. Advance a coordinated approach to capital planning and infrastructure
investment by 2022.
Work with all Neighborhood Councils to develop resilience and preparedness
plans by 2019. Apply resilience criteria to projects that prioritize investments in capital planning
and critical infrastructure by 2022.
Prepare Angelenos to be self-sufficient for at least seven to 14 days after an
Disaster emergency by 2022. Infrastructure Invest in green infrastructure and stormwater retention to increase the number
Preparedness Modernization of projects that capture water for reuse, improve water quality, and reduce
and Recovery Build a culture of preparedness by training all City departments and flooding risk by 2028.
employees on disaster preparedness and recovery on an annual basis
by 2022. Modernize the power grid to expand renewable energy to 65% of our power
source by 2036 while deepening storage capacity and broadening emergency
Develop post-disaster service restoration targets for critical infrastructure backup systems.
by 2028.
Invest in our most vulnerable buildings to withstand seismic and climate threats
by 2043.
12 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 13
Introduction
LOS ANGELES’
RESILIENT
HISTORY
We can learn a lot about our city’s approach to building urban
resilience from previous events in our history. Los Angeles’ landscape
has been shaped by challenges we have faced in the past, and some
challenges keep repeating themselves. During the Great Depression,
a number of events shaped the future of Los Angeles, from the
channelization of the Los Angeles River to the establishment of the
Field Act, which increased seismic safety for public school buildings
after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Following World War II, the
auto-oriented development of Southern California’s neighborhoods
and discriminatory housing policies and lending practices contributed
to neighborhood disparities in wealth and opportunity—the effects of
which we still see today.
In the early 1990s, Los Angeles experienced peak crime rates, civil
unrest, and a damaging earthquake, all within a few years. Approx-
imately 42% of Angelenos have been born or migrated to Los Angeles
since the early ‘90s and did not experience these events in our history.
It is important for everyone to know how our history has shaped
the City of Los Angeles and how we view challenges and solutions
surrounding resilience efforts today. Events in recent years have
illustrated the city’s vulnerabilities and revealed the day-to-day chal-
lenges that affect our ability to be safer, stronger, and more inclusive.
14 Photo: Office of Mayor Garcetti Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 15
Introduction Introduction
Learning from History: A Century of Shocks and Stresses
LOS ANGELES’ RESILIENT HISTORY
LOS ANGELES’ RESILIENT HISTORY
1928 1933 1943 1945–1973 1991–1992 1994 2008 2016–2017
St. Francis Dam Collapse Long Beach Earthquake Zoot Suit Riots Postwar Housing High Crime Rates Northridge Earthquake Great Recession Homelessness
An estimated magnitude For 10 days, 200 sailors Development The early ‘90s Los Angeles The Great Recession The City of Los Angeles
6.3 earthquake hits Los stationed in Chavez After World War II, the experiences peak homi- hits Los Angeles along sees a 20% increase in
Angeles, killing 120 people Ravine are joined by compounding effects of cides, with 1,094 in 1992, with the rest of the homelessness, to 34,189
and destroying hundreds civilians and authorities in returning veterans starting and peak total violent globe, causing significant people, as the City works
of buildings throughout racially motivated rioting families, federally backed crime reported, with economic challenges such with partners to house
the region.11 through Downtown and mortgages under the G.I. 89,875 incidents in 1991. as unemployment and more than 9,000 formerly
East Los Angeles, origi- bill, record automobile A magnitude 6.7 earth- loss of financial security homeless Angelenos.18
The dam was designed nally targeting Mexican ownership, and the prolif- for many Angelenos.
and built between 1924 quake causes 52 deaths,
American youths wearing eration of mass-produced more than 9,000 injuries,
and 1926 by the Los popular “zoot suits” but tract homes created much
Angeles Department of and $20 billion in property
also attacking African of L.A.’s infamous sprawl. damage, making it one
Water and Power. When 1933 Americans and Filipino Racially discriminatory 1992
the dam catastrophically Griffith Park Fire Sepulveda Basin Flooding of the costliest natural
Americans.14 policies, such as redlining disasters in U.S. history.
fails, the resulting flood A fire sparked by a small and racial covenants, Nearly 100 people and 2012 2016–2018
takes the lives of an pile of debris breaks out excluded non-whites from their vehicles are stranded Drought Peaceful Protests
estimated 431 people.10 in Griffith Park, burning 47 many of these homes and by flooding in the Along with the rest of
Photo: Underwood & Underwood, acres of land, killing 29 contributed to economi- Sepulveda Basin. While Photo: Cary Moore, Cary Moore California, Los Angeles
Security Pacific National Bank / Collection / Los Angeles Public
Los Angeles Public Library
people, and injuring over cally and racially segre- there are no fatalities, Library
enters the most severe
150 people.12 1943–1980s gated neighborhoods. damage includes roads, drought of the last
Smog and Ozone
This large portion of Los properties, and a sewage 1,200 years.
Depletion
Angeles’ housing stock is treatment plant.15
Southern California now nearing the end of 2006 Hundreds of thousands
experiences decades its design life and can not Heat Wave of Angelenos join
of smog attacks, usually accommodate the City’s Temperatures remain numerous marches
1929 1938 coupled with heat waves.
The Great Depression Los Angeles Flood affordable housing needs. above 100°F for nearly 2013–2018 across the country held
The poor air quality and two weeks, peaking at to celebrate diversity,
The Great Depression, ozone depletion leads 1992 Deepening Housing
caused by the stock Los Angeles Civil Unrest an L.A. County record Affordability Crisis grassroots activism,
to the establishment of of 119° in Woodland Hills. and a commitment to
market crash of 1929, a number of air quality In the past 15 years,
lasts 10 years. This Estimated deaths in the Los Angeles has added climate change.
organizations, monitoring region due to extreme Photo: Office of Mayor Garcetti
economic downfall has technology, and laws to 230,000 new residents but
an indelibe effect on heat range from 150 to only 40,000 new homes.
The Los Angeles, Santa reduce pollution sources. 1965 450 people.17
California, leading to a Watts Riots The median cost of a
large influx of Dust Bowl Ana, and San Gabriel home in L.A. has doubled,
rivers flood, killing 115 On August 11, 1965, a
migrants, a rise in unem- police confrontation in A jury acquits four LAPD and median rent has
ployment and a period of people. The floodwaters increased by 5% in the last
wash away banks, roads, Watts sparks six days officers for the beating of
bank instability. of civil unrest. Seen as Rodney G. King, sparking five years.
bridges, and buildings, 2007
causing $70 million in an “uprising against an a national debate about
Griffith Park Fire
damages.13 oppressive system,” over police brutality and racial
Photo: Herman Schultheis,
30,000 people participate tensions. Five days of
Herman J. Schultheis Collection / in the riots, causing 3,438 civil unrest follow, during
Los Angeles Public Library
arrests, 1,032 injuries, 34 which 63 people lose their
1929–1934 deaths, and $40 million lives and looting and fires
Drought
in damage to over 1,000 occur across the city.16
The first of California’s buildings. Photo: Gary Leonard, Gary
most significant historical Leonard Collection / Los Angeles
A fire in Griffith Park takes
Public Library
statewide droughts, this two days to contain, burning
six-year drought occurrs 817 acres and forcing the
within one of the most evacuation of hundreds of
severe decades-plus dry people in the area.
period in the 1920s–30s. Photo: Eric Beteille
16 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 17Introduction Introduction
Making Critical Investments in
LOS ANGELES’ RESILIENT HISTORY
LOS ANGELES’ RESILIENT HISTORY
Los Angeles’ Future
In 2016 and 2017, Los Angeles voters are expected to help lift 45,000 people
passed three critical measures and one out of homelessness, and Proposition HHH
LOS ANGELES RESILIENCE EFFORTS proposition that will transform the region. will help build an estimated 10,000 units of
permanent supportive housing over the
MEASURE M: Voters passed $120 billion next decade.
Several major planning efforts are currently contributing to the city’s in funding for the expansion of transit lines
and other transportation improvements, MEASURE A: Voters approved $94.5
resilience by creating a safer, healthier, and more equitable Los including first-mile/last-mile improvements. million in annual property tax (without an
Angeles. Resilient Los Angeles integrates and leverages these efforts end date) to create and maintain parks,
by highlighting existing complementary actions, expanding initiatives MEASURE H/PROPOSITION HHH: open space, and natural water resources.
Voters overwhelmingly passed two home- The tax also addresses disparities in
to include a resilience lens, and identifying new opportunities to lessness initiatives to help combat the access to parks and open space.
protect people and safeguard the environment. Photo: LA Metro crisis: Measure H will pay for services that
MARCH 2018
RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
RESILIENT
LOS ANGELES
Plan for a Healthy
Los Angeles (April 2015) lamayor.org/resilience
Resilience by Design Sustainable City pLAn Vision Zero (August 2015) Comprehensive Homeless LA River Ecosystem San Pedro Bay Ports Resilient Los Angeles
(December 2014) (April 2015) The Plan for a Healthy Strategy (January 2016) Restoration Project Clean Air Action Plan (March 2018)
Los Angeles elevates The Mayor launches (June 2016) Update (November 2017)
Mayor Garcetti releases The Sustainable City health as a priority for Vision Zero, calling for The most comprehensive Mayor Garcetti’s Resilient
Resilience by Design to pLAn sets the course for a L.A.’s future growth and City departments to homelessness strategy Building on more than The Clean Air Action Los Angeles is a strategy
address Los Angeles’ cleaner environment and development, establishing pursue a goal of eliminat- in City history, the report a decade of river revital- Plan Update sets the to build the city’s resil-
greatest earthquake a stronger economy, with a policy framework to ing traffic-related deaths marks a milestone in the ization planning, the course for eliminating ience through leadership
vulnerabilities, including a commitment to equity as make Los Angeles a by 2025. In adopting this transformation of how Los Angeles City Council harmful air emissions from and engagement, disaster
seismic retrofits for its foundation. The pLAn healthier place to live, goal, Los Angeles joins Los Angeles addresses adopts the L.A. River port-related sources. The preparedness and recov-
buildings and steps to is made up of short-term work, and play. a growing coalition of homelessness through a Ecosystem Restoration 2017 update builds on the ery, economic security,
secure our water supply targets (by 2017) and U.S. cities committed to regional approach. This Project Feasibility Study. clean air achievements climate adaptation, and
and communications long-term targets (by eliminating traffic deaths report outlines recom- The project restores 11 of the 2006 plan and sets infrastructure moderniza-
infrastructure. The report 2025 and 2035) across while increasing safe, mendations to address miles of the river starting out measures to reduce tion. The strategy is a call
presents the recommen- 14 categories that will healthy, and equitable homelessness over the near Griffith Park to Down- greenhouse gases from to action for all Angelenos
dations of the Mayoral advance our environment, mobility for all. next 10 years and serves town Los Angeles while port-related sources to to contribute to the city’s
Seismic Safety Task Force economy, and equity. as a blueprint in the prior- maintaining existing levels 40% below 1990 levels by resilience at every scale—
and suggests strategic itization and allocation of of flood-risk management. 2030 and 80% below 1990 from individual homes and
solutions to protect the homelessness funding. levels by 2050. neighborhoods to City
lives of our residents; leadership and beyond.
improve the capacity of
the City to respond to
earthquakes; prepare the
City to recover quickly
from earthquakes; and
protect the economy of
Los Angeles and the rest
of Southern California.
18 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 19Introduction Introduction
A RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
A RESILIENT LOS ANGELES
Developing a Resilient The Power of Partnerships
Los Angeles Building resilience is fundamentally about creating
and expanding partnerships. Everyone has a role
Los Angeles was selected as an inaugural member to play in making Angelenos and our city safer and
of the 100 Resilient Cities Network in 2013. Since then, stronger. Resilient Los Angeles is the result of hundreds
Angelenos have come together to develop Resilient of existing and emerging partnerships. At every scale,
Los Angeles, a strategy by and for Angelenos that Angelenos at are contributing to the city’s overall resil-
leverages the city’s strengths and advances new part- ience every day. We challenge every resilience-builder
nerships to prepare Los Angeles to address current to identify new potential partners that may be missing
and future challenges. from today’s discussions, plans, and projects and invite
To create this document, the City conducted in-depth these future partners to join you.
research and analysis on the challenges we face
as a city and incorporated input from community Everyone has a role to play in
members, City staff, and subject-matter experts. making Angelenos and our city
Chief Resilience Officer Marissa Aho spearheaded safer and stronger.
a collaborative effort to engage stakeholders
across City departments, community organizations, We also recognize that the release of Resilient
and partners in the nonprofit, academic, and Los Angeles marks the next step and an important
philanthropic sectors. milestone in the city’s effort toward resilience. Resilient
Aho and her team reached out to Angelenos through Los Angeles describes numerous opportunities for
various surveys, meetings with key advisory groups new and expanded collaborations among the
comprising City staff, discussions with external focus private, public, nonprofit, and academic sectors to
groups, and one-on-one meetings with community create a significant impact in building resilience.
members. The team evaluated shocks and stresses It will take persistence and an ongoing commitment
facing Los Angeles, analyzed perceptions of from Angelenos and partner organizations to
resilience, and identified the best practices to combat continue the work and to identify new potential
potential challenges. In all, hundreds of stakeholders challenges, opportunities, and partnerships. We
across the city contributed to this process. invite you to join us in future discussions, plans, and
projects. Because we cannot predict exactly what
The team evaluated shocks and challenges the future will bring, we all must commit to
stresses facing Los Angeles, continued engagement and collaboration.
analyzed perceptions of resilience,
and identified the best practices to
combat potential challenges.
Drawing on this research, the City identified priority
areas to target resilience-building efforts. Working
groups including City staff, academics, community
organizations, and other experts met regularly to
identify promising solutions and refine existing courses
of action in Resilient Los Angeles. The team also
held several workshops with stakeholders to discuss
innovative, community-driven approaches to build
resilience, addressing topics such as Los Angeles River
Resilience and Neighborhood Resilience Hubs. The
recommendations developed through this process
have been incorporated into Resilient Los Angeles.
20 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient
Photos: Los
Office of Angeles
Mayor Garcetti 21Introduction Introduction
Economic Security
Inequities in access and opportunities, both generationally and suddenly, strain the
INTRODUCING SHOCKS community fabric on a daily basis—worsening disparities and impacting Angelenos’
health, wealth, and quality of life. Understanding and reducing daily stresses will increase
AND STRESSES the capacity of Angelenos to withstand additional challenges.
Inequity Disparities in Employment
The context of Los Angeles results in unique risks and vulnerabilities
that impact the city’s ability to sustain and strengthen its resilience. Education Disparities in Health
In resilience terms, shocks are sudden or acute events that threaten
or impact Los Angeles’ immediate well-being. These can include Disparities in Access to
Homelessness
earthquakes, extreme weather events, infrastructure failures, or civil Open Space
unrest. Stresses are daily or chronic challenges that weaken our Lack of Affordable Housing
natural, built, or human resources. Examples include climate change, Disparities in Access to Transit
aging infrastructure, inequity, and homelessness. Stresses can Crime and Violence
amplify the effects of shocks when they occur, particularly for Food Insecurity
vulnerable populations.
The shocks and stresses shown on this page are featured throughout
Resilient Los Angeles. Look for the icons identifying the vulnerabilities
to which Angelenos and our city are most susceptible. Climate Adaptation
Los Angeles is taking action to reduce the impact of future climate change, while also
preparing for and adapting to the already-changing environment. Over the past few
years, Los Angeles has experienced a new normal, with record-breaking drought, heat,
and storms; climate projections illustrate the future challenges with urban heat island,
unpredictable snowpack, and sea level rise.
Shock Stress
Climate Change Drought
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery Air Quality/Pollution Severe Weather and Flooding
Multiple hazards and threats could affect Los Angeles with little to no notice, and these
disruptions could impact a few or all Angelenos. However, the magnitude of the impact Urban Heat Island Sea Level Rise
can be reduced through greater awareness of these potential disasters and preparedness
measures that can be taken in advance to bounce back quickly when disaster strikes. Extreme Heat Extreme Cold
Earthquake Riot/Civil Unrest
Fire Public Health Emergencies Infrastructure Modernization
Los Angeles has a vast, complex, and aging infrastructure. The City is investing billions
Landslides Chemical Emergencies of dollars to restore, rebuild, and modernize the aging infrastructure to prevent existing
infrastructure from failing and to meet the needs of a large and dynamic city.
Cybercrime and Terrorism Tsunami
Aging Infrastructure Infrastructure or Building Failure
22 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 23Introduction
HOW TO READ AN ACTION
Resilient Los Angeles includes four chapters, The 96 actions within Resilient Los Angeles follow
15 goals, and 96 actions for Angelenos, neighbor- a consistent format and are organized by scale and
hoods, the City, and our partners to implement. goal. Each action has a title and description and
Approximately one-third of the actions are steps identifies associated shocks, stresses, timeframe,
that are currently underway, another third are and partners. At the end of Resilient Los Angeles,
actions that build on existing efforts using a all of the actions are listed in the order they appear
resilience lens, and the final third are new actions and by theme.
that address gaps and further resilience-
building in Los Angeles.
Action Description Resilience Value
Each description presents specific Action descriptions highlight the resilience value of each action, explaining how
policies or programs the City and the action will make L.A. stronger and better able to withstand multiple shocks
its partners will deploy to help and stresses. By aiming to maximize resilience value, policies and programs
achieve resilience goals, as well throughout this report consider the impact of multiple shocks and stresses in
as important context that explains order to approach risks in an integrated way. This approach can save money
why the Action is needed. and help promote a safe and thriving city.
90
In partnership with the USGS, the City is This will allow the City to communicate of earthquake early warning sensors in the
developing a ShakeAlert portal, a tech- quickly and directly to Angelenos through country, making the City an ideal site for
nology developer program, and pilot pro- smartphones, desktops, and notification pilot programs and attracting state and
grams that will integrate earthquake early systems such as public address systems. federal partners that continue to invest in
warning technology into City systems. Los Angeles has the highest concentration the West Coast system as a whole.
SHOCKS/STRESSES TIMEFRAME PARTNERS
ITA / EMD / LADWP / LAWA / POLA /
Short Term LAFD / LAPD / GSD / USGS /
California Seismic Safety Commission /
CalOES / Metro / LAUSD /
Dr. Jones Center for Science & Society /
Private-sector partners
Shocks/Stresses Timeframe Partners
These icons represent the acute The timeframe for implementing Implementation partners include key
shocks and chronic stresses to each action is identified as short public, private, nonprofit, and civic
which Los Angeles is susceptible. term (five years or less), medium collaborators that will advance Resilient
See pages 22–23 for a listing of term (five to 10 years), or long Los Angeles actions in the years ahead.
all shocks and stresses along with term (more than 10 years). Partnership is not exclusive and is
their icons. meant to be a starting point.
24 Resilient Los Angeles 25CHAPTER 1
SAFE AND
THRIVING
ANGELENOS
GOAL 1: Educate and engage Angelenos around risk
reduction and preparedness so they can be self-sufficient
for at least seven to 14 days after a major shock
GOAL 2: Develop additional pathways to employment and
the delivery of financial literacy tools to support our most
vulnerable Angelenos
GOAL 3: Cultivate leadership, stewardship, and equity with
young Angelenos
26 Photo: LAFD Photo | Alex Gillman 27Safe and Thriving Angelenos
WHAT’S YOUR ROLE?
A resilient city begins with you. Each Angeleno has skills, talents, and
passions that contribute to our thriving community. These skills are A resilient
needed to prepare and plan for “blue-sky days” just as much as they Angeleno is
are needed to respond and recover quickly when faced with a disrup- capable of
tion or crisis. As we collectively work toward achieving a more resilient
Los Angeles, we can all take action to strengthen our personal
withstanding
resilience and the resilience of those around us. Much like an oxygen a crisis.
mask on an airplane, the first step toward a more resilient city is
increasing your own resilience so that you are better able to help
others who may need your assistance.
Angelenos will face future challenges both known and new as we
contend with a changing climate and the knowledge that it’s not
a matter of if but when a large earthquake will hit our region.
By continuing to build resilience in our families and friends,
our businesses, and our youth, Angelenos are strengthening the
foundation of our city as a whole.
Simple actions we take now will increase our safety and security today
while preparing us for the challenges of tomorrow. Angelenos will
build personal resilience by staying healthy, connected, and financially
secure and by investing in sustainable and resilient measures to
make our homes and our workplaces stronger and safer. We will build
community resilience by working with businesses and community
organizations to provide critical services. We will strengthen our
supply chains and train employees to be safe and prepared.
We will build a more resilient future by teaching young people about
local risks and vulnerabilities and empowering them to be innovative
problem-solvers who will continue to tackle these challenges.
28 Resilient Los Angeles 29Safe and Thriving Families
Angelenos Safe and Thriving Angelenos
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION AND PREPAREDNESS
FINANCIAL STRONG SOCIAL
SECURITY NETWORK
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE
ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION
AND PREPAREDNESS SO THEY CAN BE
SELF-SUFFICIENT FOR AT LEAST SEVEN
TO 14 DAYS AFTER A MAJOR SHOCK
RESILIENT ANGELENO
1 LAUNCH A COORDINATED PREPAREDNESS CAMPAIGN
THAT ENCOURAGES ANGELENOS TO TAKE ACTIONS THAT
IMPROVE THEIR RESILIENCE
Consistent public education messaging and resources—coordinated by City departments, regional
emergency management agencies, and preparedness organizations—will teach Angelenos how to
protect themselves and their communities in advance of a crisis.
HEALTH AND City departments, regional agencies, actions they can take to be self-sufficient information on risks, vulnerabilities,
BE PREPARED and nonprofit organizations provide when critical services are disrupted and emergency preparations. New
WELL-BEING
emergency preparedness guidance to after a hazardous event or disaster. technologies, including an earthquake
the public, such as direction to keep Efforts will centralize and streamline early warning system, will be integral
emergency supplies in their homes, existing preparedness campaigns and components of the coordinated outreach
businesses, and cars. This guidance is communications to reach more Angelenos and education campaign.
critical to helping Angelenos understand with the most-up-to-date and consistent
SHOCKS/STRESSES TIMEFRAME PARTNERS
EMD / LADWP / POLA / LAWA /
Short Term
LAUSD / LACTD / County OEM / ARC /
Schools and Universities / CalOES / USGS
30 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 31Safe and Thriving Angelenos Safe and Thriving Angelenos
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION AND PREPAREDNESS
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION AND PREPAREDNESS
RESOURCES AND INCENTIVES TO BUILD RESILIENCE
The City and its partners currently provide resources and incentives that promote sustainable water and
RESILIENT BUILDING
energy usage and reduce disaster risks. The resources and incentives include education, training, rebates,
and giveaways.
SEISMIC SAFETY THROUGH for native and drought-tolerant species, REDUCE WILDFIRE RISK renewable
efficient irrigation, rainwater capture and energy
BRACE + BOLT GRANT PROGRAM reuse, and local water efficiency ordi- THROUGH BRUSH CLEARANCE
The State of California’s Brace + Bolt grant nances. Los Angeles currently offers energy The Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD)
program recently expanded to include efficiency and solar incentives to help works year-round with Angelenos to cool
additional ZIP codes in the Los Angeles Angelenos reduce bills and save energy ensure hillside vegetation within 200 feet roof
area. These $3,000 grants help to offset and is considering additional incentives of any structure/building located within
the costs of seismic retrofitting, including to drive down the cost of installing new the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone
structural reinforcements like bracing and technology, such as energy storage. is cleared. Brush clearance requirements
bolting that make buildings safer in the and the inspection process for properties
event of an earthquake. CULTIVATE THE CITY’S URBAN within this zone are provided by LAFD at
FOREST THROUGH CITY PLANTS local fire stations and online.
REDUCE WATER AND ENERGY use maximize
Angelenos are essential partners in ADVANCE EARTHQUAKE day
USE THROUGH LADWP growing and maintaining a healthy resources
INSURANCE COVERAGE efficiently lighting
INCENTIVES urban forest. To help establish and
maintain healthy trees, the City partners OPPORTUNITIES
Los Angeles Department of Water and with external organizations to educate emergency
Power (LADWP) programs offer incentives residents and property owners about the The City will work with local, state, and supplies
to make homes and businesses more health and economic benefits of trees. federal partners to increase the number
energy and water efficient. These actions These organizations offer resources to of properties covered by earthquake
achieve sustainable and resilient outcomes insurance. The City will use insurance plant/
assist with tree species selection, tree maintain
by conserving resources and reducing planting, maintenance, and appropriate coverage data to identify neighborhoods
energy and water demand when LADWP with coverage levels that are less than the trees for
water use. Education efforts highlight shade
resources may be constrained. Methods available City resources such as free average for California and target pilot
and available incentives for conserving shade trees offered through City Plants, programs and educational resources in
and reusing water in homes and businesses which both plants and gives away over these neighborhoods.
include sustainable gardening techniques 15,000 trees per year.
gas backup water
shut off power storage
valve storage
Photo: Tim Clary | AFP | GettyImages
LOW PARTICIPATION IN EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE
seismic
The 1994 Northridge earthquake dramati- Currently, only about 10% of California retrofit
cally affected California’s earthquake insur- residents have earthquake insurance.
ance market. By January 1995, 93% of the Coverage in the Los Angeles area is
California homeowners insurance market slightly higher, at approximately 16%.20
had canceled or restricted earthquake By comparison, the New Zealand
insurance policies for homeowners.19 In earthquake insurance market has
response, the California Legislature formed approximately 95% participation, which
the California Earthquake Authority in 1996, proved fundamental to the ongoing
a consortium of 21 insurance companies recovery efforts in the city of Christchurch
that provide homeowner, condominium, after it experienced a devastating
mobile home, and renters insurance for magnitude 6.3 earthquake in 2011.21
earthquakes. In recent years, changes This event highlighted the gap between
to earthquake insurance coverage have actual and perceived coverage in New
aimed to increase choices and participa- Zealand, even with 95% participation.
solar
tion, but earthquake insurance is perceived
carport
as expensive and participation remains
EV charging
low, indicating that there is still a long way
to go in closing the coverage gap.
32 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 33Safe and Thriving Angelenos Safe and Thriving Angelenos
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION AND PREPAREDNESS
GOAL 1: EDUCATE AND ENGAGE ANGELENOS AROUND RISK REDUCTION AND PREPAREDNESS
2 EXPAND WORKFORCE PREPAREDNESS TRAINING 3 INCREASE THE NUMBER OF ANGELENOS WITH
OPPORTUNITIES AND PROGRAMS TO QUICKLY RESTORE PREPAREDNESS RESOURCES AND TRAINING IN OUR
ESSENTIAL CITY SERVICES AFTER A MAJOR SHOCK MOST VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES
A prepared and well-trained City workforce will be taught to incorporate resilience thinking into Expanded use of citywide technologies and tools, such as NotifyLA and CERT training, will help prepare
ongoing work to be better prepared to serve as Disaster Service Workers assisting Angelenos more Angelenos to plan for and respond to an emergency and, in turn, also support fellow Angelenos and
during interruptions, disasters, and crisises. first responders.
With more than 45,000 employees, the from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. when employees retire or are unable to Connect more people to the NotifyLA proactive participation by Angelenos. will help protect Angelenos when other
City of Los Angeles is the third largest The City will also update and expand work in an emergency. The City is currently alert system to receive emergency Partnerships led by EMD will increase the communication tools may be unavailable.
employer in Los Angeles County. In times the existing DSW program to include updating recruiting policies and programs communications functionality of the service and allow the
of disaster, City employees are deployed City partners, contractors, and vendors to respond to this workforce shift, which will The Emergency Management Department City to provide information and directions Expand Angelenos’ ability to support
as Disaster Service Workers (DSW), yet where feasible. Ultimately, the efficacy and help attract and train new employees. For (EMD) will expand participation in the to assist more Angelenos during emer- first responders through technology
40% of City employees are of retirement resilience of DSW relies on attention paid instance, in 2013, LADWP started the New NotifyLA system through creative market- gencies. For example, the technology and training
age and many live outside of the city or to changes in the City workforce, ensuring Engineering Associate Training (NEAT)— ing, additional training, and supportive can send evacuation orders to specific The City will collaborate with software
county. Compounding these issues, many adequate participation and education a one-year, on-the-job training program in technical assistance opportunities that neighborhoods in the event of a wildfire or developers, designers, and others to
City staff may not have received recent levels to meaningfully support recovery which new engineering associates learned encourage more Angelenos to register flood, or transmit a mass alert instructing develop technologies such as smartphone
disaster preparedness training, and some efforts following a disaster. about all major areas of the power system their cell phones. The existing NotifyLA residents to purify water after a major apps, websites, and software that use the
may need to attend to their own families and received training in design, operations, system is not automatic and requires earthquake. These kinds of notifications wealth of existing City data and mapping
or damaged properties. In advance of Transferring Institutional Knowledge and construction topics. Comprehensive tools to support first responders.
a major disaster, it is essential to assess Like many organizations, the City of Los training programs like NEAT pass on insti-
the risks and vulnerabilities that will likely Angeles is predicted to experience a tutional knowledge and expose employees SHOCKS/STRESSES TIMEFRAME PARTNERS
impact this workforce’s ability to support dramatic shift in its workforce as baby to the breadth of system functions. This EMD / ITA / LAFD / LAPD / RAP /
Short Term
critical operations and recovery efforts. boomers continue to retire. A resilient and transfer of institutional knowledge is essen- City departments / Preparedness
informed workforce understands a variety tial for good day-to-day working practices, organizations
To do so, the City will review existing of City functions and is able to carry on but becomes invaluable in a crisis.
practices, protocols, and lessons learned
SHOCKS/STRESSES TIMEFRAME PARTNERS
Personnel / EMD / City departments
Short Term
PULSEPOINT TECHNOLOGY FOR FIRST RESPONDERS LAFD holds pre-game hands-only EXPAND THE
CPR event at Dodger Stadium
Photo: LAFD Photo | Jeremy Oberstein NUMBER OF ANGELENOS
The LAFD has partnered with the Outreach efforts will focus on expanding
PulsePoint Foundation and the Wireless participation in neighborhoods with WITH CERT TRAINING
Foundation to develop a life-saving historically fewer trainings and resources.
emergency response smartphone app Partnerships with community groups and Through public-private partnerships,
for Los Angeles. PulsePoint increases City departments will also increase access pilots, and expanded training oppor-
citizen awareness of cardiac events and to training for teens. Teen CERT educates tunities, the City will collaborate to
recruits qualified Angelenos for potentially students about disaster preparedness make Community Emergency Response
life-saving CPR. Targeted toward off-duty for hazards that may impact their Team (CERT) training accessible to
professionals and citizens trained in CPR, neighborhoods and trains them in basic more Angelenos. By training to be CERT
the PulsePoint app alerts users when a disaster response skills. In turn, Teen CERT members, Angelenos can expand their
sudden cardiac arrest occurs in a nearby members are prepared to help themselves, own capacity to respond to an emer-
public place, directs them to the patient their families, and their schools during gency. In 31 years, the LAFD has trained
location, and provides CPR guidance a major disaster and when professional more than 70,000 Angelenos to be CERT
while LAFD paramedic units are en route. responders are delayed or not readily members through instruction on basic
This technology, paired with expanded available. Teen CERT empowers students first aid, evacuation tactics, and how to
CPR training for Angelenos, is one with decision-making and problem-solving suppress small fires. Additionally, CERT
example of how Angelenos can support skills and strategies to help make informed members are trained in collaboration with
first responders with new technology and decisions regarding prevention-mitigation, City agencies to support neighborhood
expanded training. preparedness, response, and recovery evacuations, search tactics, and communi-
actions to reduce loss of life and property. cation skills such as the use of radios.
34 Resilient Los Angeles Resilient Los Angeles 35You can also read
