Review of Research and Educational Activity - PRACE materials
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Review of Research and Educational Activity
F. Piscaglia, A. Montorfano
Dipartimento di Energia, P OLITECNICO DI MILANO
S ECTION : Macchine e Sistemi per l’Energia e l’Ambiente (09/C1)
G ROUP : Internal Combustion Engines Group
Politecnico di Milano
Some information:
Politecnico di Milano is a public technical university
About 40.000 students in 2009/2010 (25.000 students in Engineering, 15.000 students in the
Faculty of Architectural Design)
300 new PhD students per year
In 2008 Politecnico has 1.140 faculty members (400 full professors, 390 associate professors
and 350 lecturers) and 870 administrative and technical employes
Students graduated in Engineering at Politecnico represent about 12,7% of the Italian Engi-
neers
2/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Department of Energy
The Department of Energy is a structure of professors and researchers previously belonging to
four previous departments of Politecnico di Milano:
- Department of Energetics
- Department of Nuclear Engineering
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering
The decision to coordinate the activities of 16 research groups into a single structure allows to
provide, through an interdisciplinary approach, convenient solutions to the complex problems
of the energy sector, now experiencing large importance and strong strategic relevance.
Thanks to this initiative, Politecnico di Milano acquires a structure with few analogies in the
European context. With this potential, the Department of Energy aims to get an influent and
independent role in public issues concerning the high-tech and energy fields.
3/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
The research group: ICE PoliMi
The ICE Group was established in 1993 by Prof. Giancarlo Ferrari and Prof. Angelo Ono-
rati. The purpose of the research unit is to perform both fundamental studies, to improve the
understanding of physical and chemical processes occurring in the internal combustion engines,
and applied research, to provide computational tools which can help the engine design.
Faculty Staff Post-Doc Researchers
Giancarlo Ferrari, Full Professor Tarcisio Cerri
Angelo Onorati, Full Professor Andrea Montorfano
Gianluca D’Errico, Associate Professor Temporary Staff
Gianluca Montenegro, Assistant Professor
Federico Piscaglia, Assistant Professor Marco Fiocco
Tommaso Lucchini, Assistant Professor
Ph.D. Students
Augusto Della Torre
Luca Cornolti
Riccardo Torelli
M.Sc Students
15-20 per year
4/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Research Activity
Fundamental research involves the development of models for:
- in-cylinder flows
- Acoustics and silencers
- LES turbulence modeling
- Reacting flows and after-treatment devices
Models and solvers for the finite volume solution of complex flow problems are implemented in:
- GASDYN, an in-house 1D fluid dynamic code
- Lib-ICE, an in-house C++ object oriented library developed in the OpenFOAM® technology
for the multidimensional simulation of Internal Combustion Engines
5/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Research activity in the international context: GASDYN
Currently the 1D thermo-fluid dynamic simulation of I.C. engines worldwide is mainly carried
out by three commercial tools: GT-POWER (Gamma Tech.), WAVE (Ricardo), BOOST (Avl)
and research tools: GASDYN (ICE PoliMi), that is considered worldwide an advanced re-
search tool available for specific engine simulations.
The GASDYN code is well known in the international context among universities and automo-
tive industries. Professors of the ICE Group lead the development of the GASDYN code, in
which innovative models for I.C.E. simulation are included.
Collaborations for the application of GASDYN are active with many national and international
Companies.
6/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Research activity in the international context: OpenFOAM®
Currently the CFD engine modeling is mainly carried out by three commercial code: STAR-CD,
FLUENT, FIRE and one research tool: KIVA-3V, whose main contributor is the Engine Research
Center (ERC) of University of Wisconsin.
OpenFOAM® is an open source, freely available CFD Toolbox, licensed under the GNU Gen-
eral Public License, written in highly efficient C++ object-oriented programming. Currently it is
the most advanced research CFD code. It can simulate almost any problem in computational
continuum mechanics.
The ICE group at PoliMi is working to the development of the LibICE library in the OpenFOAM®
technology for internal combustion engine simulation. OpenFOAM® is encountering an
increasing interest from the academic and industrial I.C. engine community.
7/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Research activity in the international context: OpenFOAM®
OpenFOAM® is an open source, freely available CFD Toolbox, licensed under the GNU Gen-
eral Public Licence, written in highly efficient C++ object-oriented programming. OpenFOAM®
makes use of the finite volume approach to solve systems of partial differential equations as-
cribed on any 3D unstructured mesh of polyhedral cells. Domain decomposition paral-
lelism is integrated at a low level so that the implementation of parallel solvers can be per-
formed without the need for any “parallel-specific” coding.
Objective: open source implementation of existing knowledge and an object-oriented plat-
form for easy and collaborative future development
- Completely open software platform using object-oriented design
- Extensive modelling capabilities in library form: component re-use
- Collaborative and project-driven model development
This furthers the research and collaboration by removing proprietary software issues: source
code and algorithmic details available to all
8/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
The LibICE® project: an overview
LibICE® is a set of libraries and solvers for Internal Combustion Engines simulation developed
using the OpenFOAM® technology:
Class: user defined type representing one part of the problem to solve (mesh, matrix, field,
...)
Library: definition and implementation of related classes and functions (finite volume library,
turbulence model library, mesh tools library..)
Applications: collection of object of different classes interacting each others
9/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
The LibICE® project: an overview 10/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
1D/3D coupling (GT-Power® /OpenFOAM®)
Results: G. Montenegro, ICE-PoliMi group
11/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoMesh management
- Multiple meshes cover the entire sim-
ulation (each mesh is valid for a cer-
tain crank angle interval)
- Mesh to mesh interpolation automat-
ically performed
- Grid points moved by means of an
automatic mesh motion solver
- Possibility to combine automatic mesh motion and topological changes.
Results: T. Lucchini, G. D’Errico, ICE-PoliMi group
12/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoSpray, combustion and wall film modeling
- Iso-surfaces of fuel mass fractions to
understand how fuel/air mixture formation
takes place
- The fuel vapor mainly comes from wall film
- Predicted results are coherent with the high
measured HC emissions of this engine
- Wall film model used also for the simulation of
the spray produced by a GDI six-hole injector
into a constant volume vessel with optical
access
Results: T. Lucchini, G. D’Errico, ICE-PoliMi group
13/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoAfter-treatment modeling
- Automatic mesh generation
- Geometry detection and automatic case setup
- New implicit porous solver
- Based on an implicit staggered solver
- Porous walls friction model
- Blending mechanism blends laminar
turbulent models with RAS (k-ω-SST)
turbulence model
- Soot transport model
- Soot filtration an deposition model
14/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoAcoustics
60
50
Transmission loss [dB]
40
30
20
10
0
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Frequency [Hz]
To properly predict the TL of a silencers, typical developments of the simulation code include:
- an inlet b.c. to model different large-band acoustic sources is needed
- an anechoic b.c. to model the terminal
- algorithms for data post-processing (i.e. two-sensor method) for the evaluation of the TL
S INGLE SINUSOID P ULSE W HITE NOISE F REQUENCY SWEEP
101.4 101.8 101.4 101.4
101.38 101.6 101.38
101.35
101.4
101.36 101.36
Pressure [kPa]
Pressure [kPa]
Pressure [kPa]
Pressure [kPa]
101.2 101.3
101.34 101.34
102
101.32 101.32
101.8 101.25
101.3 101.3
101.6
101.2
101.28 101.4 101.28
101.26 101.2 101.15 101.26
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
time [s] time [s] time [s] time [s]
15/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoLES turbulence modeling
LES simulation of compressible flows in OpenFOAM®:
Development of a synthetic turbulence inlet b.c.
Development of SGS models: Local Dynamic Smagorinsky, WALE
Validation test: in-cylinder cold flow engine simulation (static mesh)
Implementation of a NSCBC-based Subsonic Non-Reflecting Outflow b.c.
16/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoComputing resources - LES4ICE ISCRA project
- Simulations ran on a PLX cluster of CINECA, within the LES4ICE project
- The LES4ICE project (principal investigators: F. Piscaglia, A. Montorfano) has been se-
lected among 136 submitted research proposals by the Italian SuperComputing Resource
Allocation (ISCRA).
- The goal of the project is to apply LES to simulate ICE by OpenFOAM®
Computing resources (PLX cluster @ CINECA):
- 276 nodes
- RAM: 48 GByte/node DDR3 1333MHz
- 3312 cores (Xeon E5645 2.40GHz 12MB Cache 1333 MHz 80W)
- 528 GPU nVIDIA Tesla M2050
- 2 Remote Visualization Nodes (RVN)
17/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoEuropean Projects
The goal of the project is to apply Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)
LESSCCV
combined with system simulation to predict cyclic combustion
(European Project)
variability in gasoline engines. Partners involved in the project
2009-2012
are Politecnico di Milano, IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole), Ricardo
UK Limited, AVL List GmbH, LMS-Imagine, Ceske Vysoke Uceni
Technicke v Praze, FEV Motorentechchnik GmbH and University of
Western Macedonia.
SIMBA
Implementation of improved techniques for simulation and test-
(French Nat. Project)
ing of advanced turbocharged downsized diesel engines. The
2007-2011
project was approved on July 2007 in the framework of the French
“Pole Vehicule du Futur" program. Partners involved in the project
are Politecnico di Milano, MarkIV, Faurecia, Honeywell, Femto, IFP,
LMS-Imagine.
Industrial Partnerships
National MV Agusta, , Magneti Marelli, Eni-Technologies, Piaggio, Aprilia,
Seatek, CINECA, AMSA
International Bmw, Nissan, Caterpillar, Husqvarna, AVL, Faurecia, Liebherr,
LMS Int, MarkIV, Ifp
Research projects of the ICE PoliMi group are mainly funded (80%) by private Companies.
Funds are used to hire young scientists, post-doc researchers and to increase the computational
resources.
18/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoThank you for your attention! 19/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
Federico Piscaglia, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Internal Combustion Engines
CONTACT INFORMATION
Address Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano
via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano (ITALY)
E-Mail: federico.piscaglia@polimi.it
Phone: (+39) 02 2399 8620
Fax: (+39) 02 2399 3863
Web page: http://www.engines.polimi.it/
20/20 Federico Piscaglia, Dip. di Energia, Politecnico di MilanoYou can also read
