REVIEW YEAR IN For the year ending March 31, 2020 - Wuskwatim ...
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Table of Contents Introduction and Background 4 Message from the Chair 5 Operations 6 Environmental Monitoring 8 Financial Report 18 2
Directors of the General Partner of WPLP Left to right (seated): Marcel Moody (Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation), Jimmy Hunter-Spence (Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation) Left to right (standing): Brenda Froese (Manitoba Hydro), Lorne Midford, Chair (Manitoba Hydro), Nancy Willms (Manitoba Hydro), Wesley Penner (Manitoba Hydro) Wuskwatim Power Limited Partnership (WPLP), a legal entity involving Manitoba Hydro and Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation through its wholly owned Taskinigahp Power Corporation (TPC), has developed the Wuskwatim Generating Station on the Burntwood River in northern Manitoba. It marked the first time in Manitoba and Canada that a First Nation and an electric utility have entered into a formal equity partnership to develop and operate a hydroelectric project. Manitoba Hydro provides management and operational services to WPLP in accordance with the Project Development Agreement (PDA). 3 3
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation and The agreement provided the option Manitoba Hydro to construct, manage, Manitoba Hydro spent nearly a for Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation to operate and maintain the Wuskwatim decade discussing, planning and own up to one-third of the Wuskwatim Generating Station. undertaking the environmental studies Generating Station through its wholly Manitoba has a large self-renewing and regulatory processes for the owned Taskinigahp Power Corporation. supply of waterpower with many 200-megawatt Wuskwatim Generation Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation has hydroelectric generating stations Project operating in Nisichawayasihk confirmed its intent to maintain its developed to provide electrical energy Cree Nation’s traditional territory on 33 per cent ownership position in the for its citizens. Wuskwatim became the Burntwood River downstream of Wuskwatim Project. fully operational in October 2012 and Wuskwatim Lake at Taskinigup Falls. The Wuskwatim Power Limited produces clean, renewable hydroelectric In 2006, the Wuskwatim Project Partnership (WPLP) is governed by power. It adds to Manitoba’s generation Development Agreement (PDA) that the Board of Directors of its General assets, helps to meet the province’s governs all aspects of the Project was Partner (5022649 Manitoba Ltd., domestic needs and provides energy to approved by Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation a wholly owned Manitoba Hydro export customers. Citizens and signed by senior Manitoba subsidiary). The Board consists of Hydro officials and Nisichawayasihk Cree two Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation and Nation Chief and Council. Construction four Manitoba Hydro representatives. started in August that year. Pursuant to the PDA, WPLP contracted 4
MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR Manitoba Hydro’s Waterways Financials Management Program during the open In 2019/2020, the WPLP reported water season to patrol Wuskwatim Lake to revenues consistent with expenses, remove debris and gather data on debris resulting in a break even year. This type and quantity. Three NCN members compares favourably to the net losses in are directly employed at the GS and over previous years of $9 million in 2018–19 2,500 hours of employment was and $25 million in 2017–18 and is generated throughout the year on consistent with the losses experienced by activities such as terrestrial and aquatic hydroelectric generating stations in the environmental monitoring. early years of operations due to high The environmental monitoring of this up-front carrying costs associated with project is fundamental to both Partners significant initial capital investment. and is the subject of detailed reporting On a personal note, I would like to express which you will read in the following pages. my appreciation to all my Board A rigorous and comprehensive Lorne Midford colleagues for their contributions, their environmental monitoring program has Chair, Wuskwatim Power keen sense of collaboration and the Limited Partnership been in place since the outset to track any leadership they have demonstrated over long-term impacts on the physical the past number of years. I have very environment, resource use, aquatic, much enjoyed working with them and I am I am pleased to introduce the 2019–20 terrestrial and socio-economic confident that the example they have set Year in Review which highlights the environments to ensure that we fully has put the Partnership on solid footing activities of the Wuskwatim Power understand the impacts of our operations. for years to come. Limited Partnership (WPLP) over the These efforts are complemented by the past year. I am proud of the fact that, important work of Ethinesewin monitoring since coming into service in 2012, the which relies on traditional knowledge to Tansi Wuskwatim Generating Station has observe any environmental change. These consistently surpassed industry Lorne Midford activities are an integral part of our performance standards in areas such as monitoring program. The annual Elders unit availability and forced outage rate. Monitoring Tour continues to be an The Partnership provides important important part of this work. The insights business and employment opportunities and recommendations made by the Elders Chair of the General Partner of to Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation. A good are key to ensuring the environmental Wuskwatim Power Limited Partnership example of this is the service agreement health of our operations. This year, an (5022649 Manitoba Ltd.) with Nisichawayasihk Construction important recommendation was to Limited Partners (NCLP) for the provision re-establish youth participation to ensure of equipment rentals and contract labour that ecological knowledge as well as for work on the Wuskwatim roads. This language and cultural teachings are year two members were hired by passed on. 5 5
OPERATIONS STATION PERFORMANCE Unit Availability Factor In August 2019, south transition leakage repairs were done on unit 3. Manitoba Hydro uses three main criteria The generating station had an average to measure generating station performance: monthly unit availability factor of 97.9 per In March 2020, governor pressure system net generation output, unit availability and cent, a measure of when the station is repairs were done on unit 1. unit forced outage rate. available to run when required. This is above average for a hydraulic generating DIRECT CONTRACT Net Generation Output station of this kind. OPPORTUNITIES Wuskwatim Generating Station produced A service agreement is in place with Unit Forced Outage Rate 1.65 million megawatt hours of electricity Nisichawayasihk Construction Limited this year. Output at the generating station The generating station had a forced Partners (NCLP) for the provision of was as forecast and reflects normal flows. outage rate of 0.7 per cent, a measure of equipment rentals and contract labour Monthly production averaged 137,616 the frequency of electrical or mechanical for work on the Wuskwatim roads. The megawatt hours, with peak production of problems that remove a unit from service. contract is in effect until July 31, 2021. 146,800 megawatt hours in July and a The total of 170 hours of unit forced low of 124,685 megawatt hours in May. outage time is 0.7 per cent which is lower than the 1 per cent target. SAFETY These production numbers are a result of the near-normal water supply available in Safety incident and activity reports are the Burntwood and Churchill MAINTENANCE prepared monthly. During the past year, River watersheds. AND REPAIRS quarterly Workplace Safety and Health Committee meetings were held. In May 2019 the six-year maintenance was done on unit 2. One lost-time incident occurred during this fiscal year. 6
NAVIGATION SAFETY Wuskwatim Monthly Net Generation Output 160,000 During the 2019 open water season, two Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation 140,000 members were hired through Manitoba Hydro’s Waterways Management Generation Output Megawatt Hours 120,000 Program to patrol Wuskwatim Lake and gather data on debris type and quantity. 100,000 The crew patrolled 4,348 kilometres of shoreline and removed an estimated 80,000 233 pieces of debris. This work will continue during the 2020 open 60,000 water season. 40,000 PLANT TOURS In June 2019, attendees of the 20,000 Midwestern Legislative Conference Energy Subcommittee were given a 0 19 9 9 19 9 9 9 9 9 20 20 20 tour of Wuskwatim. 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 20 20 20 20 20 p2 t2 v2 c2 y2 g2 n2 n b r l r Ju Oc Ap Ma No De Ma Se Fe Au Ju Ja Months 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 7
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ETHINESEWIN part of the environmental monitoring A five-man field crew assisted with activities conducted during station preparation for the Ethinesewin tour. Yearly MONITORING construction and operations phases. underbrush clearing of the repatriation Ethinesewin is the traditional knowledge site and maintenance of the Wuskwatim and collective wisdom of Nisichawayasi The communicating of Ethinesewin is vital Village also took place. This year the crew Nehethowuk (the people from where the to ensuring the Project achieves also did the shoreline clearing around the three rivers meet and who speak the Kistethichikewin, meaning the conduct of Wuskwatim Village camp site. Every language of the four winds) that has been a person must adhere to the sacred morning, part of the crew went out on the communicated orally for generations. responsibility to treat all things with boat to monitor water levels, fallen trees respect and honour, according to Like the traditional knowledge systems of and floating debris. They also monitored Kihche’othasowewin (the Great Law of other Indigenous peoples, Ethinesewin fish and mammal activities. the Creator). includes observation, classification, The Elders and Ethinesewin crew re-visited description and recording observations In 2019, one Ethinesewin summer tour the repatriation site of 2017, known as and results. The central focus of took place and it was a great success due “Cow Grazing Bay” (mostos sipiy) and Ethinesewin is on relationships with and to the coordination and participation of visited Early Morning Rapids for prayers between the land, nature and people. AOL and NCN members. There was and offerings of food and tobacco. As great interaction amongst the Elders; Nisichawayasi Nehethowuk, and in requested by a leading Elder, a sweat six men and five women were invited to particular the NCN Elders, have been lodge was prepared and used for medicinal participate. Among the Elders were three creating an understanding through and healing purposes. traditional spiritual helpers from NCN Ethinesewin with Manitoba Hydro and that helped with the ceremonies and The Ethinesewin crew and Elders set fish Aski ‘Otutoskeo Ltd (AOL) as an integral daily prayers. nets, gathered and harvested medicine and 8
set beaver traps. There was not a lot of fish Another recommendation was to purchase The Elders also recommended the caught by net, mostly red suckers, whitefish, a teepee; for gatherings, sharing, construction of at least two more cabins mariah and pickerel. The fish that were kept ceremonies and healing. at the village; one for storing medicines were smoked. There was one beaver and the other for accommodations. caught, cleaned and prepared, during the Elder’s tour. Daily medicine was harvested and prepared for use by the participants. Individuals who participated in the 2019 Ethinesewin tour included: A new garden for vegetables and herbs was planted and harvested in late September. Everyone shared what they learned during the daily sharing sessions. These were very Fred Hart Lydia Linklater Morris Hart informative as the Elders brought forward recommendations for future tours. Sam Dysart Mathew Wood Everette Linklater Recommendations included re‑establishing Lena Dysart Arthur Wood John R. Spence youth participation, so future generations Flora Hart John Peter Spence Pat Linklater could witness the impacts of the Wuskwatim adverse effects for many years Joyce Wood Abraham Lobster John Linklater to come. The Elders felt it is imperative for Alma Wood Clifford Spence the youth to learn and pass on ecological knowledge and all aspects of language and cultural teachings. 9
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AQUATIC EFFECTS Upstream it was predicted there would be northwest shore of Wuskwatim Lake and an increase in total suspended solids, lower dissolved oxygen along the north MONITORING metals, nutrients and dissolved oxygen shore of Opegano Lake. Although there As part of the Wuskwatim EIS, an fluctuations due to increased erosion, were changes in these two parameters the Aquatic Effects Monitoring Plan (AEMP) flooding and conversion of intermittently levels observed were consistently within was developed. The AEMP provides for wetted habitat to permanently wetted the Protection of Aquatic Life objectives comprehensive monitoring of the aquatic habitat. Downstream it was predicted meaning the Project has not resulted in environment during the second (2014), there would be a small increase in total ecologically significant effects on fourth (2016) and sixth (2018) years of suspended solids due to upstream erosion these metrics. operation. The intent of these studies is to and localized increases in nutrients and compare current conditions to those prior After six years of operational monitoring, dissolved oxygen fluctuations along the to construction of the GS and to water quality results indicate that the north shore of Opegano Lake and predictions in the Wuskwatim EIS. Project may have caused or contributed to backwater inlets due to water level changes in some water quality conditions fluctuations and breakdown of peat. Water Quality in the study area but overall the Project 2018 marked year six of operational does not appear to have affected the The EIS predicted that operations could monitoring and key observations included; suitability of surface waters to support result in changes to water quality both increased total suspended solids near the aquatic life. upstream and downstream of the GS. 10
Fish Community during the first five years after Results from 2018 indicate there has impoundment, while downstream the been no increase in fish abundance within The EIS predicted that operations would increased frequency of water level Wuskwatim Lake or Wuskwatim forebay cause a small (i.e., not detectable) increase changes could result in a small and no adverse effects to fish populations in the abundance of fish upstream of the reduction in Lake Whitefish and Cisco downstream of the station in the GS due to greater access to spawning and spawning habitat. Burntwood River or Opegano Lake. feeding habitat, increased availability of food and unrestricted movements The fish community program targeted The largest changes to fish abundance between the Wuskwatim forebay and species that were identified as being of have been observed in the immediate Wuskwatim Lake. Downstream of the GS particular concern during the forebay where the average catch and it was predicted that operations would environmental assessment including Cisco, overall number of species captured cause a decrease in fish abundance due to Lake Whitefish, Northern Pike and dropped during operation studies. the increased frequency of water level Walleye (collectively referred to as Valued The lower than predicted current fish changes and a potential reduction in the Ecosystem Component (VEC) fish species). species catches likely reflect changes in number of fish moving downstream from Parameters measured during the connectivity from the forebay to Wuskwatim Lake. It was also predicted that monitoring represent overall species Wuskwatim Lake and the increased size erosion and sedimentation on Wuskwatim composition and abundance, as well as of the forebay compared to Lake might reduce the quality of Lake those related to the growth, condition, baseline conditions. Whitefish and Cisco spawning habitat and health of the fish species. 11
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Lake Whitefish and Cisco on Wuskwatim Lake were collected off Larval Studies eroding shorelines, suggesting that Lake To assess potential effects on Lake Whitefish and Cisco continue to spawn Whitefish and Cisco spawning habitat, successfully in these areas. Erosion larval fish were collected along with monitoring results show that the shorelines both upstream and downstream operation of the GS has not resulted in of the GS. Upstream results from 2018 an increase in the mean annual rate found that catches of larval Lake Whitefish of erosion of spawning habitat in and Cisco in Wuskwatim Lake and the Wuskwatim Lake to date (2011–2018). Cranberry Lakes were slightly lower than In the Wuskwatim forebay, larval Lake catches from 2014 and 2016, although Whitefish and Cisco were captured in the distribution of larval Lake Whitefish 2014 and 2016 but none were captured and Cisco continues to be widespread in 2018. along shorelines. The distribution of larval Lake Whitefish and Cisco in the most Downstream surveys indicate that Lake recent survey is similar to those of Whitefish and Cisco continue to spawn in pre-Project surveys conducted in 2004 the Burntwood River and Opegano Lake. and 2007. Some of the highest catches Larval Lake Whitefish and Cisco were 12
captured at more locations at Opegano Mercury in Fish These concentrations were similar to Lake in 2018 than in 2014 and 2016. pre-Project concentrations for 1998, The EIS predicted increases in fish This may be attributed to the difference in 2002, 2005 and 2007 and were well mercury as a result of flooding upstream the timing of the programs. The 2018 below maximum post-Project levels. of the Wuskwatim GS. Concentrations in surveys were conducted 12 days after Mercury levels were also comparable to Lake Whitefish, Northern Pike and ice-off compared to two to six days during those recorded in 2014 and 2016, Walleye in the forebay and Wuskwatim the 2014 and 2016 programs, the first two years of post-Project Lake were expected to increase reaching respectively. While larval Lake Whitefish monitoring. Similarly, mercury levels in maximum levels of 0.14 ppm for Lake and Cisco were observed at 75% of the Lake Whitefish, Northern Pike, and Whitefish, 0.39 ppm for Walleye and 0.56 sites in the Burntwood River in 2014, they Walleye from Opegano Lake in 2018 ppm for pike. No measureable change in were not captured in 2016 and were only were within the range of levels measured fish mercury levels were anticipated in observed at one site in the 2018 surveys. between 2000 and 2016. Based on these Opegano Lake. In 2018, many of the larvae hatched at findings, no measurable effect of Project Burntwood River locations may have been For Wuskwatim Lake in 2018, mercury flooding and GS operation on fish mercury swept downstream into Opegano Lake as levels ranged from 0.08 ppm for concentrations in Wuskwatim or the Burntwood River was ice-free for up Lake Whitefish to 0.26 ppm in Walleye Opegano lakes has been observed. to 15 days prior to being sampled. and 0.37 ppm in Northern Pike. 13
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS The Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act those of previous years. The fewest caribou of Manitoba, were monitored in the were observed in 2011 and 2012, during MONITORING PLAN regional study area before, during, and Project construction. Fewer caribou were As part of the Wuskwatim EIS, a Terrestrial after Project construction. The main observed in 2020 than during the first year Effects Monitoring Plan (TEMP) was objective of woodland caribou monitoring of operation monitoring in 2015; however, developed. The TEMP provides for was to determine whether there were a generally increasing trend has been comprehensive monitoring of the Project effects on caribou and/or caribou observed in the population since 2001. terrestrial environment. The schedule for behaviour by studying their distribution, Eighteen of the caribou observed during the monitoring the various terrestrial abundance, and movements in the 2020 aerial survey were identified as calves. components is included in the TEMP. regional study area. The intent of these studies is to compare Despite the decline in the number of current conditions to those prior to An aerial survey focused on woodland animals observed in the regional study area construction of the GS and to predictions caribou in the Harding and Wapisu- during construction in 2011 and 2012, in the Wuskwatim EIS. Wimapedi ranges was conducted from there was an overall increasing trend in February 3 to 7, 2020 and the survey the caribou population from the Woodland Caribou Aerial Survey area was approximately 5,600 km². pre‑construction to operation period. Fewer caribou may have been observed in As part of the TEMP, woodland caribou, One hundred and twenty-five caribou the region during construction due to which are listed as threatened under were observed during the 2020 aerial sensory disturbances. The increase in the the federal Species at Risk Act and survey. These results were compared with 14
number of caribou observed from the not balanced by new individuals recruited Other factors that could contribute to construction period to the first year of into the population. The ratio of 17 calves changes in caribou populations in the monitoring in 2015, was followed by a 37% to 100 adults measured in 2020 suggests Wuskwatim survey area (i.e., observations decline in the number of animals observed that the caribou population in the regional of moose and gray wolves) were also during the second year of monitoring in study area is stable. recorded during the 2020 aerial survey. 2020. There may be several reasons why This is important as the survival of caribou In all, the regional caribou population may fewer caribou were observed in 2020, populations is often inversely related to have been affected by the Project during including a true decline in the regional moose and wolf density. During the 2020 construction, given that the fewest caribou caribou population over five years however, aerial survey, 36 moose and no wolves were were observed and that the calf:adult ratio it is more likely that a greater proportion of observed. The moose and wolf populations was lowest in 2011 and 2012. However, the regional population was observed in appeared to remain depressed in the survey the number of caribou observed in the 2015 than in other years, and only a small area, having declined substantially since regional study area during the two years portion of caribou in the Harding Lake area 2001. The low moose and wolf numbers of operation monitoring was within or were detected in 2020 (14 caribou out of observed may be indicative of reduced exceeded the range observed during 125 total caribou). population pressure faced by woodland pre-construction surveys and calf:adult caribou and may be a factor behind the Woodland caribou populations composed ratios during operation suggest a stable or growth of the woodland caribou of 10 to 12 or fewer calves per 100 adults possibly increasing population in the last population in the survey area since 2011. are typically in decline, as adult mortality is 20 years that this population was monitored. 15
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT adaptive and modified based on results on Water Regime an ongoing basis with a more fulsome MONITORING Flows at the Notigi Control Structure review of the scope and temporal were near the operating maximum for The Physical Environment Monitoring frequency of monitoring activities after much of the monitoring period. Flows Program (PEMP) is an adaptive program 7 years of Wuskwatim operation. were reduced slightly from mid-April to designed to measure various physical 2019–20 marked the eighth year of mid-May during the spring melt. environment components that may operations and the initiation of this Wuskwatim Lake operated within its experience some change from program review. Shoreline erosion and licence limits of 233.75 to 234.0 metres. Wuskwatim Generating Station sediment transport parameters were not operations. The components addressed in monitored in 2019–20. Shoreline Erosion the PEMP include climate, water regime, erosion, sediment transport and woody Climate While field surveys of bank recession were debris. The geographic area subject to not conducted in 2019–20, airborne To characterize climatic conditions in the PEMP monitoring includes a section of LiDAR and imagery collection was Wuskwatim monitoring area, weather data the Burntwood River upstream of the completed for Wuskwatim Lake and the from the Environment and Climate Wuskwatim Generating Station to the Burntwood River downstream to Birch Change Canada station at Thompson was foot of Early Morning Rapids, including Tree Lake. This dataset will provide the analyzed. The 2019–20 annual average Wuskwatim Lake, and downstream to starting point for comparing future LiDAR temperature recorded at Thompson was Birch Tree Lake. datasets in order to calculate annual 0.1°C warmer than 1981 to 2010 average bank recession rates. The initial PEMP, developed in 2007, normals and total annual precipitation was identified that the program would be 5 mm below normal. 16
SOCIO-ECONOMIC habitat truthing and monitoring of sensitive PHASES OF plants, benthic macroinvertebrates, water MONITORING OPERATIONAL quality and fish community. Employment Operational employment is being tracked associated with these activities resulted in MONITORING through the life of the Project. over 426 hours of work. Since the transition to operations, a 15 year, two-phase technical monitoring Direct Employment Since operations began in 2012, there have plan was developed. Phase 1 ended in been almost 23,000 hours of indirect work, 2019–20 and the findings will be analyzed At the end of March 2020, there were associated with environmental monitoring, over the next year. The phase 2 plan and 14 full-time employees and four rotational or approximately 11.4 person-years of schedule will be developed to cover the trainees working at Wuskwatim. Six were employment. A person-year of employment subsequent seven-year period ending in Indigenous and three were NCN members. is defined as one full-time job for one year, 2025–26. Indirect Employment which is typically about 2,000 hours of work. Indirect employment throughout the Year 7 2019 field season included terrestrial and Components 2019/20 aquatic monitoring. Activities included; semi-aquatic fur bearer mercury sampling, ETHINESEWIN MONITORING spring larval fish sampling, waterfowl aerial Traditional Knowledge Annual Tour surveys, commercial fishery monitoring, BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING fish movement monitoring, beaver lodge AQUATIC and dam surveys, breeding bird surveys, Water Quality acoustic monitoring, sediment trap and Fish Community Invertebrates Fish Movements Evaluation and Adaptive Management Bioengineering Sites Mercury in Fish No Net Loss Plan TERRESTRIAL Birds Plants Mammals RESOURCE USE Harvest Calendar Study PHYSICAL MONITORING Climate Water Regime Erosion Sediment Transport SOCIO-ECONOMIC MONITORING Operations Employment 17 17
2019–2020 FINANCIAL REPORT Statement of Income (Loss) (for the year ended March 31) (in millions of dollars) 2020 2019 Revenue 114 108 Expenses Operating and administrative 9 10 Finance expense 76 77 Depreciation 18 19 Amortization 6 6 Water rentals 5 5 114 117 Net income (loss) – (9) Partnership Assets, Liabilities and Equity (as of March 31) (in millions of dollars) 2020 2019 Assets Property, plant and equipment 1,197 1,216 Intangible assets 258 264 Current assets 31 35 1,486 1,515 Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities 23 24 Long-term debt 1,375 1,403 Partners’ capital 88 88 1,486 1,515 18
Partners’ Capital (as of March 31, 2020) (net) Capital (in millions Units % of dollars) General Partner1 32.967 0.01 – Manitoba Hydro 220,843.700 66.99 59 Taskinigahp Power Corporation 108,790.000 33.00 29 329,666.667 100.00 88 Operating, Financing and Investing Activities (for the year ended March 31) (in millions of dollars) 2020 2019 Operating Activities Cash receipts from customers 112 111 Cash paid to suppliers (14) (14) Interest paid (76) (77) Cash provided by operating activities 22 20 Financing Activities (Repayment of) proceeds from long-term debt (28) (2) Cash used for financing activities (28) (2) Investing Activities Additions to property, plant and equipment (1) (1) Other 7 (17) Cash provided by (used for) investing activities 6 (18) 1 The business affairs of WPLP are carried out by a general partner (GP), 5022649 Manitoba Ltd., a wholly owned Manitoba Hydro subsidiary. 19 19
Wuskwatim Power Limited Partnership 14 - 360 Portage Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3C 0G8 Telephone: 204-360-3860 Fax: 204-360-6128 www.wuskwatim.ca
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