Scorecard Manitoba Election 2019 - WINNIPEG HARVEST
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WINNIPEG HARVEST
Manitoba Election 2019
Scorecard
A SUMMARY OF PARTY STANCES ON ISSUES
AFFECTING FOOD BANK CLIENTS
Table of Contents 3. About Winnipeg Harvest/Introduction 4. Our Community 5. Child Poverty Stats 6. Every Voice & Every Vote Matters 7. Political Party Scorecard 15. On Election Day 16. Conclusion 17. Endnotes
About Winnipeg Harvest Harvest has remained dedicated to fighting hunger and feeding hope since 1984. Through various efforts and the generosity of our community, Harvest is able to provide nutritious food to nearly 62,000 Manitobans each month, 43% being children. Our mission is to collect and distribute food, facilitate long-term solutions, while informing and advocating for those we serve. Our goal is to make an impact on hunger and poverty in our province and one way to do that is to work alongside all levels of government. We want to collaborate with elected officials to produce solutions that make a difference to all Manitobans. Introduction Harvest collaborates with community members to advocate on issues that directly affect individuals living with hunger. Our community’s way of life, health and education are uncertain when provincial polices do not support positive change and provide solutions that feed our future. On September 10th, 2019, Manitoba will hold its 42nd provincial election. Harvest and community partners hosted a Hunger and Poverty Provincial Election Forum which provided community members with an opportunity to advise our political party leaders and in turn become informed of their political platforms. The following scorecard provides an overview of food bank use in Manitoba, while giving an impartial look at each of our provincial party’s platform promises. As a part of our advocacy efforts we want to ensure that the people we share food with and those who support us have the tools needed to make an informed decision because every voice and every vote matters.
Our Community Harvest’s programs support a wide range of people across Manitoba. Adults and children varying in ages find themselves without enough to eat. Food bank use is prevalent in Manitoba because people do not have access to a sufficient income that ensures they are able to adequately meet their needs. In addition to income, people find themselves at food banks because of illness, unexpected costs and the loss of employment. At Harvest, as we get to know and understand our community’s needs, we identify resources that will benefit them now and in the future. One of the most sought after resources is our Tax Return Program. This year Harvest helped 227 food bank clients complete their tax returns and put $910,000 back into the pockets of our community*. By providing opportunities for people to have access to services such as free tax filing, food bank clients have received additional income and benefits that they may not have otherwise acquired. *As of April 1st 2019 Through activities like tax filing and voting, we support our community and facilitate ways to have their voices heard on matters related to poverty, education, health, social services and justice.
Child Poverty Stats In Canada 1 in 5 children live in poverty, with Manitoba having the second highest child poverty rate across the provincesi. At Harvest we have 26,660 children accessing our services every month. Many families are unable to support their children with healthy and nutritious food which can be crucial for development at a young age. Harvest provides support to breakfast, lunch, daycare and after-school programs across Manitoba. These programs provide an intervention to hunger during school hours and create an environment where every child has nourishment and the ability to learn when they are in educational settings. Over the past year Harvest has partnered with a local Winnipeg school to address some of the challenges they were seeing amongst their students and launched a program called Breakfast2Go. Children were coming to school on Monday hungry because they were unable to access food over the weekend. Harvest began supplying weekend packs for children, with easily prepared meals for over the weekend. It has been through this type of support that these students have increased their attendance, and are more engaged when they arrive to school on Mondays. Harvest is dedicated to increasing awareness of issues related to child poverty and advocate for government to support interventions that are needed to provide nutritious food to children. We want to explore ways to ensure that children have programs like school food programs and when necessary Breakfast2Go to support them and help them to progress in school, paving the way for a successful future. “My mom was an addict and was never awake to make me breakfast, but I got up early and got to school, because they served breakfast every day. It made such a difference to me,” says an anonymous former food bank client.
Every Voice & Every Vote Matters Voting is an opportunity for people to choose their government. It allows for individuals to align their values and educate themselves on the different political parties’ commitments. At Harvest we want to motivate and support our community to engage with government on policies that affect them in their daily lives. This report is a guide that provides the information needed to support individuals in feeling informed and comfortable voting. Below is information that will benefit and assist voters prior to Election Day. The majority of information below was gathered from the following sources: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba: https://www.pcmanitoba.com/ New Democratic Party of Manitoba: https://www.mbndp.ca/ Manitoba Liberal Party: https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/ Green Party of Manitoba: https://greenparty.mb.ca/
Political Party Scorecard
Progressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Eliminate PST on haircuts Raise minimum wage to Increase minimum wage Introduce basic income
Income over $50 $15iv to $15 by 2024xii through the income tax
systemxv
Eliminate PST on Home $1000 reduction on land Implement a Basic
Insurance transfer tax for first time Incomexiii End Homelessness by
home buyers and people 2025xvi
Eliminate Probate fees on with disabilitiesv Provide people with the
estates option to choose between Protect pension plans for
Improving Rent Assistvi EIA and a Basic Incomexiv seniorsxvii
Eliminate PST off legal bills
on wills Improve EIA ratesvii Fare free public transitxviii
Reduce PST from 8% to 7% Begin to transform EIA into Restore the cuts made to
a Basic Incomeviii Rent Assist Programxix
Removing PST on
professional tax Striking a task force on a
preparationii
Basic Income and dignified
income for people with
Index the Basic personal severe and prolonged
allowance and personal disabilitiesix
income tax bracket iii
Index Personal Income Tax
Bracket and Basic Personal
Amount to inflationx
Tax top 1% of income
earners ($250,000+)xiProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Make cell phones more
affordable and improve
coverage in rural MBcxxx
Build more affordable
housingcxxxi
Rebalance the appeal
system to be more fair for
renterscxxxiiProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Employment Implement a
comprehensive MB job
Invest in infrastructure
like schools, roads, and
Introduce Manitoba Works
- A program that hires
works and economic hospitals creating 50,000 people who would have
growth plan to add 40,000 jobsxxi otherwise not been able to
jobs to the private sectorxx find employmentxxii
Put people back to work
in the North with Mining
Community Resource
Fundcxxxii
Increase small business tax
thresholdcxxxiv
Health Improve access to mental
health and addictions
Commit to take immediate
action (first 100 days) to
Rebuild health care system Take input from frontline
by merging RHAsxli workers before major
servicesxxiii address meth crisis by changesxlviii
implementing Main Street Reinstate and expand
Addictions services Projects Planxxix the Life-Saving Drugs Increase number of
expanded for youthxxiv programxlii workersxlix
Reopen 2 ERs (Concordia
$2 Billion health care and Seven Oaks)xxx End rationing of Hip Eliminate overtimel
funding guarantee- and Knee replacements.
Hire 200 nurses, 80 Hire and rehire nursesxxxi Improve wait timesxliii Implement expansionsli
paramedicsxxv
No more cuts to Cover Clinical No more ER closureslii
Action plan-meth CancerCarexxxii Psychological therapy and
treatment, education, and invest in training mental Provide northern MB with
enforcement. More street 2 hrs. free parking at all health professionalsxliv transportation servicesliii
outreach programs, new hospitalsxxxiii
drop-in centres, more Build 12,000 affordable Increased services for
recovery housing, teach Extend hours and services seniors unitsxlv people with disabilitiesliv
kids prevention from gr.3, on weekends at 7 access
invest 8 million to help centres, starting with Fort Reverse the plan to close Expand health careProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
police, more ads, more Garryxxxiv Seven Oaks Emergency coverage-basic dental and
surveillancexxvi Roomxlvi vision care for kids 12 and
Provide free menstrual underlv
Invest 2 million in health products at all high Create a drug stabilization
care services and facilities schoolsxxxv unitxlvii Reduce cost of
over the 4 yearsxxvii prescription drugslvi
Expand personal care Access to abortion
Build new St. Boniface home beds for seniors by serviceslvii
emergency roomxxviii 80xxxvi
Increase capacity of
Invest 3.4 million to Hire six more midwives housing and support,
implement health and restore lactation investments in injury
initiatives that help MB consultation programs at prevention and chronic
womencxxxv Winnipeg hospitalsxxxvii disease managementlviii
Implement “Claire’s Lower drug pricesxxxviii 10% funding, increased
Law”cxxxvi services and support,
Appoint a Minister ensure LGBTQ2S+ have
responsible for Mental access to services
Health and Addictionsxxxix Expand awareness and
prevention, reduce stigma,
Introduce a non-binary enhance effective services,
option on Manitoba evidence-based response
government IDs such as to meth crisis, easy access
Manitoba Health cardsxl to immediate treatmentlix
Invest in transitional Support programs and
housing and shelters services for individuals of
for victims of domestic FASDlx
violencecxxxvii
Increase tax on junk foodlxiProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Education Provide education about
treaties in schoolslxii
Make post-secondary
education more
Fund education through
corporate and personal
affordablelxiv income taxeslxviii
Construct new schools
sooner. Guarantee 20 new Smaller K-3 classes, more Fund schools for tutoring
schools over the next EAslxv serviceslxix
decadelxiii
Help post-secondary Reduce wait time for
education students assessing students with
prepare for jobslxvi disabilitieslxx
Mental health supports Provide support for in-
in school and healthy school needs of families
eatinglxvii living in povertylxxi
Convene a Tech Summit Improve educational
for cross sector education experience for Indigenous
and employment studentslxxii
opportunitiescxxxviii
Update school curriculum
to teach better skills and
how to be ecologically
friendlylxxiii
Provide post-secondary
education students with
50% non-repayable
assistancelxxiv
Grant schools more control
over their schedules and
curriculum based on local
needslxxvProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Childcare Improve availability of
childcare, create new
Build more child care
spaces, make them more
Create 18,000 child care
spaceslxxviii
Ensure child care costs
do not exceed 10% of
funding program to help accessible, bring the household costslxxxiii
cover costs with subsidy child care system back Increase the annual
of up to $500 per month under the Department of budget by $33 million
for 3,000 low income Education lxxvi for child care and early
familiescxxix childhood educationlxxix
Create 600 new child care
spaceslxxvii Decrease the number of
unfunded spaces by halflxxx
Increase wages to recruit
and retain Early Childhood
Educatorslxxxi
Increase support for low
income familieslxxxiiProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Climate Provide $25 million in
annual investments for
Reduce emissions by 45%
of 2010 levels by 2030lxxxv
Green growth and renewal Establish a pollution fee
- 5 major prioritieslxxxviii of $50 per ton in 2020
Change energy efficiency retrofits that will increase by $10
of existing homes and Implement price on Track fish populations to every year, use generated
commercial buildinglxxxiv carbonlxxxvi manage fishery in Lake revenue to reduce taxesxcvii
Winnipeglxxxix
Ban fracking in MB, end oil Create greenhouse gas
and gas subsidieslxxxvii Save Lake Winnipeg and reductions that will be
other waterways by issuing achieved 2030, 2040, 2045,
$500 million to upgrade 2050xcviii
infrastructure and reduce
phosphorus emissions into Transition away from
lakes by 70%xc harmful industries, replace
jobs lost in transition,
Become carbon neutral by fee on range of fossil
2030xci fuels that will increase
yearly, prioritize well-
being of workers, localize
Create a $20 million a economyxcix
year fund for research
and development, Prevent pollution to
innovation and invention lakes and rivers, restore
in green fuels, wilderness wetlands, protect
restoration and carbon waterways, restore forests,
storagexcii ban harmful resource
extraction methodsc
Implement landfill ban on
organic waste by 2025xciii Introduce a carbon tax of
450 per ton in 2020ci
Increase wilderness by
50,000 hectares by 2030xcivProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Implement a renegotiated Change building codes to
carbon taxxcv ensure all new buildings
meet super-efficiency
Create a $ 7 million insulation standards,
fund to help pay for soil and include small-scale
remediation and lead renewable micro –
contaminationxcvi generatorscii
Implement a system for
environmental handling
fees and rebatesciii
Provide seedlings to MBs
to plant 6 million treesciv
In Addition Funding for 24 community Keep Hydro and MPI
development projectscv publiccx
Address gaps in police
services in rural and
Support new farmers,
reduce financial burden
northern MB with the of farmers, support rights
Upgrade concert hallcvi Greater mining support for creation of a provincially- to save their own seeds,
Northern Canadacxi run police service- MB increase and diversify
Ensure LBQTQAI2S+ Police Servicecxv market opportunities, shift
people have access to Improve investments in away from greenhouse gas
health care servicescvii Manitoba roadscxii No privatization policy- practicescxxiii
protect and preserve
Invest $10 million to Lower MPI ratescxiii public servicescxvi Northern and rural
reduce crime downtowncviii communities-increase
Introduce a non-binary amount of input, improve
Invest $2.8 million to option for the MB phone/internet services,
support RCMPcix government IDcxiv improve transportation
services, support small
Extend retail hours on Reform child welfare businesses, support effort
Sundays and open on system of creation of sports and
statutory holidayscxxxix recreations for youthcxxivProgressive
New Democratic Green Party of
Conservative Manitoba Liberals
Party of Manitoba Manitoba
Party
Increase investment in MB Establish a MMIW Art and culture - create Government-lower
film and video production committee of cabinet, led culture fund by using 2.5% voting age to 16, greater
tax credit by 25 millioncxl by indigenous woman of infrastructure fund, consultation between
creating heritage elections, consulting
programs, application for decisions with public
creation of new spaces for
artists, restore funding to Repeal “The Public Services
creative industries(films, Sustainability Act”
video games, music)cxvii
Recognize First Nations
Promote new business as original occupants and
investments- Create respect this in legislative,
a Manitoba Business meaningful consultation
Development Bankcxviii and collaborationcxxv
Create an independent Better child and family
commission to review services(supports available
Manitoba’s tax reviewcxix until age 25, hire more
workers to reduce load)cxxvi
Introduce a ‘Buy Local’
strategycxx Support promotion
of language/culture,
Create a 10 year strategic fund restorative justice
Infrastructure plancxxi program, provide support
to keep youth w/ their
Reuniting families- familiescxxvii
Immigration plan to
remove the $500 taxcxxiiOn Election Day cxxviii • Election Day voting hours: 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. • You will receive information from Elections Manitoba telling you where to vote • ID is required: One piece of government-issued photo ID, or two other pieces Option 1: One piece of government-issued photo ID Examples include: • Driver’s license • Enhanced Manitoba identification card • Passport • Treaty card Option 2: Two documents that include your name Examples include: • Manitoba Health card • Social Insurance card • Utility bill • Credit card • Show your ID to the election official at the voting station. • If your name is on the voters list and you have acceptable ID or someone to vouch for you, you will receive a ballot • If your name is not on the voters list, show your ID. You will have to take an oath confirming your identity. If none of your ID shows your address, you will also be asked to sign a declaration of address. • Take your ballot behind the screen and mark an X beside the name of the candidate of your choice. • If you need assistance marking your ballot, an election official can help you, or you can bring someone with you to help. • Return your folded ballot to the election official who will check to see that his/her initials are on the back of the folded ballot. You may then place your ballot in the box or the election official can do it for you.
Conclusion
Harvest is encouraged by what the future provincial parties are
committing to in the 2019 election. We want all party leaders to
know we are committed to working with them and are invested
in finding solutions that improve the lives of those we serve. In
collaboration with our community partners we want to better
understand the current policies that affect low income families
and be a resource in finding sustainable and realistic solutions.
We all have a role to play in helping Manitobans build a
sustainable and healthy province. Through community voices
and partnership, we want to break the cycle of poverty in
Manitoba and encourage people to vote for a future that
benefits everyone.
PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING A DONATION OF
FOOD TIME MONEY
Visit winnipegharvest.org/donate
Last updated September 5, 2019Endnotes
i
ii
Khanna, Anita. “Poverty Free Canada Requires Federal Leadership. 2017. Toronto, ONT.
Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news
iii lbid.
iv Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus
v lbid.
vi lbid.
vii lbid.
viii lbid.
ix lbid.
x lbid., pg 13.
xi lbid., pg 13.
xii Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform
xiii lbid.
xiv lbid.
xv Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/
xvi Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/
manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334
xvii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/
xviii lbid.
xix Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/
manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334
xx Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news
xxi Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus
xxii Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform
xxiii Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news
xxiv lbid.
xxv lbid.
xxvi lbid.
xxvii lbid.
xxviii lbid.
xxix Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus
xxx lbid.
xxxi lbid.
xxxii lbid.
xxxiii lbid.
xxxiv lbid.
xxxv lbid.
xxxvi lbid.
xxxvii lbid., pg. 9
xxxviii lbid., pg. 9
xxxix Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/
manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334
xl Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/
manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334
xli Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform
xlii lbid.xliii lbid. xliv Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform xlv lbid. xlvi Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xlvii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xlviii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ xlix lbid. l lbid. li lbid. lii lbid. liii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ liv lbid. lv lbid. lvi lbid. lvii lbid. lviii lbid. lix lbid. lx lbid. lxi lbid. lxii Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news lxiii Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news lxiv Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus lxv lbid. lxvi lbid., pg.9 lxvii lbid., pg.9 lxviii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ lxix lbid. lxx lbid. lxxi lbid. lxxii lbid. lxxiii lbid. lxxiv lbid. lxxv lbid. lxxvi Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus, pg. 9 lxxvii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 lxxviii Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform lxxix lbid. lxxx lbid. lxxxi lbid. lxxxii lbid. lxxxiii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 lxxxiv Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news lxxxv Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus lxxxvi lbid., pg. 13
lxxxvii lbid., pg. 9 lxxxviii Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform lxxxix Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform xc lbid. xci Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xcii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Benn Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xciii Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform xciv lbid. xcv lbid. xcvi lbid. xcvii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xcviii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 xcix Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ c lbid. ci lbid. cii Annable, Kristin. “ What’s Been Promised So Far”. 2019, Winnipeg. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ manitoba/manitoba-promises-2019-election-1.5243334 ciii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ civ lbid. cv lbid. cvi lbid. cvii lbid. cviii Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news cix lbid. cx Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus cxi lbid. cxii lbid. cxiii lbid. cxiv lbid. cxv Manitoba Liberal Party. “Our New Way Forward”. 2019. https://www.manitobaliberals.ca/our-platform cxvi lbid. cxvii lbid. cxviii lbid. cxix lbid. cxx lbid. cxxi lbid. cxxii lbid. cxxiii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ cxxiv lbid. cxxv lbid. cxxvi lbid. cxxvii Green Party of Manitoba. Our Plate Form. 2019. https://greenparty.mb.ca/platform/ cxxviii Elections Manitoba. 2019. https://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/en/Voting/How cxxix Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/pcs_to_make_child_care_ more_affordable_and_available
cxxx lbid., pg 13. cxxxi lbid., pg 13. cxxxii lbid., pg 13. cxxxiii lbid, pg 9. cxxxiv lbid, pg 9. cxxxv Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party. 2019. https://www.pcmanitoba.com/news cxxxvi lbid. cxxxvii Manitoba NDP. “A Plan For Us All. 2019. https://www.mbndp.ca/forallofus, pg. 13 cxxxviii lbid. pg. 9 cxxxix lbid. cxl lbid. cxli lbid. pg. 13 cxlii lbid. pg. 13
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