Smartphone Vs DSLR Dental Photography among Orthodontists
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118 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, June 2020, Vol. 11, No. 6
Smartphone Vs DSLR Dental Photography among
Orthodontists
Arya S Prasad1, Arvind Sivakumar2
1
Postgraduate Student, 2Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha
Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,, Saveetha University
Abstract
Introduction: Smartphone photography has come a long way in terms of technological advances in sensor
quality, resolution, and lens sophistication, giving much improved image quality over the last few years.
Smartphones being relatively compact and lighter than a Digital SLR camera hence the younger generation
dentists prefer it over the conventional cameras. We did a survey to assess the perception of quality of
images taken using smartphone and DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) intra oral cameras. The aim of this
study is to compare the quality of intraoral images taken using mobile phones with DSLR cameras.
Materials and Methods: 20 intra oral images of subjects were taken using DSLR (Canon 700D) and 2
renowned smartphones (iPhone 7 plus and Oppo R7 plus). A questionnaire was prepared and sent through
social sources to general dentists and specialists. The questions included in the survey are based on the
knowledge, attitude and practice in the usefulness of mobile phones compared to DSLRs for taking intra
oral images.
Results: The primary outcome measure of this study was to assess the orthodontist’s perception towards the
various image characteristics of intra oral photographs taken using digital SLR camera, iPhone 7 plus and
Oppo R7 plus.
Conclusion: So, from this study we can conclude that there were no statistically significant results found.
In the coming years smartphone cameras can really give a tough challenge to bulky cumbersome DSLRs.
Keywords: Mobile dental photography, smartphone dental photography, DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex),
iPhone 7 plus, Oppo R7 plus.
Introduction monitoring of treatment progress etc. (1) (2) (3) A Digital
Single Lens Reflex, or DSLR is necessary for high-quality
Clinical photography in dentistry is mainly used
images of both extraoral and intraoral structures. (4) The
for documentation, evaluation of craniofacial and
DSLR camera with a high-quality lens is considered
dental relationship, assessment of soft tissue profile,
to be the ideal choice for dental photography, as it is
smile analysis, medicolegal purposes, evaluation and
capable of taking portraits as well as close up or macro
images of the dentition, by through-the-lens viewing
Corresponding Author: and metering, precise focusing and accurate framing (5)
Arvind Sivakumar A full set of clinical photographs must be taken before
Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and any treatment is started as it is an invaluable record
Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College detailing the original clinical situation. These should be
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, a mandatory record for each and every patient before
Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road , we diagnose and design the treatment plan, even if the
Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu,India treatment is only extraction of teeth to intercept the
Email : arvind.sivakumar@gmail.com developing malocclusion. Clinical photographs allow us
Telephone Number: +91 8220552400 to record the relationship of the teeth and jaws to theIndian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, June 2020, Vol. 11, No. 6 119
facial structures.(5) bias. The operator had good experience with the usage
of all three cameras and had undergone specific training
Digital photography can have several influences and standardisation for using all the three cameras for
on dental practice: Photos can educate patients and taking the intra oral pictures on ten patients before the
improve patient acceptance and improve patients’ study was started.
confidence following treatment. The dental treatment is
subject to change, can be recorded in detail by means
of photography. Intraoral pictures can provide improved
documentation and the option of checking particular
conditions over longer periods of time.
In today’s smartphone generation, mobile dental
photography has become one of the fastest and easy
ways to record or document cases. Smartphones, as
it is very aptly named in the way that it can turn an
amateur into a professional photographer. Nowadays
many professional photographers are ditching their
heavy, sophisticated DSLRs in favour of more compact,
lightweight, handy smartphones. (6) (7) It is quite common
nowadays to see people clicking pictures using their
phones to take photos, leaving their expensive DSLRs at
home. (8) A DSLR has a camera body with some fantastic
technology but nowadays cell phone photography has
raised its standards to a considerable extent to compete
with a DSLR setup, and yet is light and easy to operate.
The image sensors have come a long way & are capable
of capturing pictures of more than 10 MP (megapixel).
Nowadays its quite common to take portrait shots
and other face photographs with smartphone camera
which produces good quality photographs with adequate
recording of the details. Smartphone cameras are viable
alternative to heavy DSLR cameras in taking intraoral
and extraoral photographs.(9) Hence in this study, we
wanted to compare the quality of photographs obtained
with smartphones and compare them with gold standard
DSLR. Figure 1: Intraoral images taken using iPhone , DSLR, and
Oppo R7
Materials and Method The photos with Canon 700D DSLR were taken
This cross sectional questionnaire study was with following settings: ISO between 400-600, shutter
conducted by using intraoral pictures of 20 random speed of 30-40, f 20-22 at 30 mm zoom used with ring
subjects who reported to our hospital for treatment flash (Meike FC-100). While using iPhone 7 and Oppo
were taken using Canon 700D (Canon India Pvt. Ltd., R7 the photos were taken using auto mode with flash
Gurgaon, India) and two renowned mobile phones iPhone kept on.
7 plus and Oppo R7 plus which has got a good camera.
The intraoral images taken in each subject includes
Intraoral photos of each subjects were taken thrice using
the frontal intraoral image in centric occlusion with all
three cameras and were sorted into three groups: in
the teeth focused from incisor to molars, right side in
group 1 – photos were taken using DSLR (Canon 700D),
occlusion and left side in occlusion. The right and left
in group 2 – photos were taken using iPhone 7 plus, in
side occlusion was taken with the camera pointing
group 3 – photos were taken using Oppo R7 plus. All the
almost perpendicular to the buccal surface of molars &
photos were taken by one author to avoid inter operator120 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, June 2020, Vol. 11, No. 6
premolars. Three intra oral images were taken for the Discussion
twenty subjects using three different cameras to obtain
The purpose of this study was to assess the perception
a total of 180 images. This resulted in sixty images per
of orthodontists towards intraoral pictures taken using
group. All the images taken were cropped in uniformity
DSLR and two popular phones in the market which have
by using Adobe photoshop software (CS6) to the size
good cameras. In this study we have taken one high end
of 4 X 6 inches (Figure 1). All the patient images
smartphone and a midrange smartphone to assess the
which lacked in clarity, improper lighting and camera
quality of images produced with both the phones and
positioning & any form of distortion were removed from
compare them with the SLR cameras which are currently
the study. Finally, the best set of ten photographs out
the gold standard in intra oral photography. Also, we
of frontal, right and left occlusion were chosen for the
have evaluated whether the quality of images produced
questionnaire survey.
using these smart phone cameras were adequate enough
The questionnaires were created using google for using it to take pictures in intraoral photography.
survey. Each set of the selected photographs, were
The characteristics of the photographs are affected
arranged in individual slides containing 3 photos (same
by many factors including different operators, camera
photo taken using the three different cameras) & the
settings, room lightings and various other factors. As the
examiners were asked to choose the best photograph
image characteristics varies according to the operators,
based on the image quality. These questionnaires were
the present study used a single operator. The settings were
mailed to 80 orthodontists through google survey link.
standardised among all the photographs. The operator
had already undergone a phase of standardisation were
Results
the settings of the camera were altered to find the best
Out of the 80 google survey links sent to settings for each camera.
orthodontists, 55 orthodontists responded to the survey.
The survey results of the 55 orthodontists was as follows: In a DSLR camera the inbuilt flash of the DSLR
38% orthodontists liked photos taken using DSLR camera is placed away from the lens (on top of the lens)
photography, 34% liked photos taken using iPhone 7 and hence the light from the flash gets obstructed from
plus and 28% liked photos taken using Oppo r7 plus the presence of the protruding lens and the flash does not
(Table 1) (Figure 2). light up the area covered up by the lower part of the lens.
This is the reason why ring flash is used for intra oral
Table 1: Results of the Survey photography to produce light which is unobstructed by
the lens and adequately lights up all parts of the images.
Intra oral images taken (10) The characteristic of the light produced by a ring flash
S.No. Response (n=55)
using
is precise and therefore shadow-free illumination of the
1 DSLR (Canon 700 D) 38% object without shadowing effect of the lens, whereas in
a smartphone camera the lens is not protruding outside
2 iPhone 7 plus 34% and the flash is right next to the lens and hence there is
almost zero obstruction of the light from the flash.
3 Oppo R7 plus 28%
Smartphone cameras has really come of age from
less than 1 MP to more than 20 MP , from simple CCD
(charged couple device) to latest CMOS (Complementary
metal–oxide–semiconductor) sensors which are far more
accurate and more sensitive.(11)
Smartphones has evolved rapidly in terms of
advancement and technology.(12) (13) (14) Smartphones
are a part of our day to day life and because of their
compactness, ease of carrying around , requires less
expertise and versatility of use. They are always present
within our arms reach, whereas DSLRs are cumbersome
Figure 2: Overall results of survey to carry, bulky, technique sensitive and requires aIndian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, June 2020, Vol. 11, No. 6 121
lot of training. Till now there is no doubt that DSLR Ethical Clearance - Taken from scientific review
cameras is the gold standard in dental photography. board, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai,
(15)
A smartphone camera is very simple to use and Tamil Nadu
even an amateur photographer can produce excellent
photographs due to the smartness of the phone. Other Source of Funding - Self
advantage is its instant access of digital images to the Conflict of Interest - Nil
operator, optimal choice of illuminating the object
of interest which spares us from costly accessory Reference
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