Statistical release: BIS international banking statistics at end-December 2019 - Bank for International Settlements
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22 April 2020
Statistical release: BIS international banking statistics
at end-December 2019
• The annual growth rate of global cross-border bank claims fell to 6%, down
from 9% at end-September 2019.
• The short-term share of foreign banks’ claims, a key indicator of external
vulnerability, is elevated for a number of borrowing emerging market and
developing economies (EMDEs).
• Borrowers in EMDEs had untapped credit lines of $610 billion, or roughly 10%
of the stock of global foreign claims on EMDEs at end-2019.
• Saudi Arabia joined the reporting population for the locational banking
statistics (LBS) with data starting from Q4 2017, bringing the number of
countries reporting these data to 48.
Global cross-border lending growth slows in Q4 2019
The BIS locational banking statistics (LBS) show that banks’ global cross-border claims
contracted by $703 billion during the fourth quarter of 2019, bringing the outstanding
stock to $31 trillion at end-December. This resulted in year-on-year (yoy) growth of
6%, down from 9% at end-September, but still 5 percentage points higher than the
average of the previous five years.
Among the main borrowing regions, the global slowdown was primarily driven
by claims on advanced economies and offshore financial centres (Graph 1, top
panels). Much of the Q4 2019 contraction in cross-border claims reflected a decline
in interbank positions (–$380 billion) reported mainly by banks located in Europe.
Banks in France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK saw a combined $462 billion
drop in euro-denominated cross-border claims, the bulk of which were on unrelated
banks (Annex Graph A.1) located in the euro area and the United Kingdom (Annex
Graph A.3).
Claims on borrowers in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) expanded
at an annual rate of 2% as of end-2019. Claims on emerging Asia-Pacific contracted
slightly (−$8 billion) during Q4 2019 to reach $2,075 billion, driving the annual rate
of growth down to nearly 0%, from 5% at end-2018. An $8 billion drop in claims on
Latin America pushed the yoy growth rate down to 2% from 6% at end-June 2019
(Graph 1, lower panels). By contrast, claims on Africa and the Middle East continued
to expand at a brisk clip, by 10% yoy (Annex Graph A.2, bottom panels); within this
region, foreign banks channelled cross-border credit mainly to borrowers in Qatar,
Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
Across sectors, cross-border claims on non-banks also declined in Q4 2019,
driven by lower claims (–$326 billion) on non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs). The
primary factor behind this was lower claims on NBFIs in offshore financial centres – in
particular, the Cayman Islands (−$114 billion) (Annex Graph A.3). Claims on NBFIs in
1/16Japan, the United Kingdom and the euro area also declined considerably (by $78
billion, $75 billion and $70 billion respectively).
The most recent international banking statistics are as at end-Q4 2019, and thus
do not cover Q1 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic started to shut down much of
the global economy.1 But previous global shocks, such as the Great Financial Crisis
(GFC) of 2007−09, can be used as a guide as to where vulnerabilities lay. As shown in
Graph 1, the growth in cross-border claims dropped deep into negative territory in
the wake of the GFC, from 22% yoy in 2007 to –10% in 2009. EMDEs, especially those
in Asia-Pacific, saw sharp contractions (–25%). How quickly and sharply claim stocks
can adjust in the face of the most recent economic shock depends on a few key
characteristics, as analysed in the next section.
Cross-border claims by region Graph 1
On all countries On advanced economies On offshore centres
32 30 32 30 6.0 30
24 15 24 15 4.5 15
16 0 16 0 3.0 0
8 –15 8 –15 1.5 –15
0 –30 0 –30 0.0 –30
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
On Latin America On emerging Asia-Pacific On emerging Europe
2.0 30 1.0 45
0.8 30
0.8 30
0.6 15 1.5 15
0.6 15
0.4 0 1.0 0
0.4 0
0.2 –15 0.5 –15
0.2 –15
0.0 –30 0.0 –30 0.0 –30
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Amounts outstanding (lhs; USD tn) Annual growth (rhs; %)
Vertical black lines indicate end-Q2 2007 and end-Q3 2008.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics (Table A1).
Foreign banks’ claims on EMDEs on the eve of the Covid-19 pandemic
The GFC showed that the stability of the outstanding stock of bank credit to EMDEs
depends a lot on their composition. Both the maturity profile of the stock of credit
and the mix of claim types – ie cross-border or locally booked and funded positions
– influence how rapidly the stock of claims can contract following an economic shock.
At the same time, borrowers are more likely to be in need of cash during such periods,
1
Data for Q1 2020 are expected to be released by end-July 2020.
2/16and thus draw on existing credit lines, resulting in an expansionary effect on the stock
of outstanding claims.
This section reviews the structure of banks’ foreign claims on a sample of large
EMDEs, with a focus on the type of claims and their maturity profile. It then examines
the size of the undisbursed credit commitments that were available to borrowers in
EMDEs at end-2019, and the extent to which these credit commitments, if drawn,
could boost claims. The analysis is based on the BIS consolidated statistics (CBS),
which track reporting banks’ worldwide consolidated claims on counterparties in
particular countries and sectors.2
Foreign banks’ credit to EMDEs: claim type and maturity profile
During the GFC, the rate at which foreign banks’ claims on individual EMDEs
contracted depended on a few characteristics of these claims. For countries that relied
on short-term cross-border credit, particularly interbank credit, the rate of contraction
was fairly rapid. A key reason is that short-term claims may simply not be rolled over.
And cross-border claims are often backed by short-term wholesale funding, which
can evaporate during periods of global stress. By contrast, banks’ claims extended
locally by affiliates located in the borrower country, particularly those denominated
in the local currency and backed by local currency funding, were more stable; to some
degree, they were insulated from disruptions in global funding markets.
Since they track these key dimensions of credit, the CBS proved particularly
helpful for analysing such vulnerabilities during the GFC.3 Graph 2 shows the
structure of BIS reporting banks’ outstanding foreign claims (FC) on nine major
EMDEs. Foreign claims are the sum of international claims (dark tan area) and local
claims in local currencies (light tan area).4 Importantly, local claims backed by local
liabilities in local currency (dashed black lines) tended to be the most stable in the
wake of the GFC.
Similarly, the CBS can shed light on which EMDEs were potentially more
vulnerable at end-2019 on the eve of the Covid-19 pandemic. There was considerable
heterogeneity across EMDE regions in the structural features of outstanding claims.
International claims accounted for the majority of banks’ total foreign claims on
emerging Asia-Pacific (64%). Among individual countries in the region, the share was
as high as 75% for China and neared 57% for Korea. By contrast, more than half (57%)
of banks’ foreign claims on Latin America were local claims in local currencies,
reflecting operational requirements imposed by both host supervisory authorities in
the region and home supervisory authorities in creditor countries. In fact, the shares
of international claims in total foreign claims on Brazil, Chile and Mexico have
remained below 50% since 2003. Local claims in local currencies also accounted for
2
The CBS comprise the CBS on an immediate risk basis (CBS/IR), where claims (consolidated at the
level of the creditor banks) are allocated to the country and sector of the immediate counterparty
(CBS/IR), and the CBS on a guarantor basis (CBS/G), where claims are allocated to the country and
sector of the ultimate obligor after taking into account credit risk mitigants (eg credit default swap
(CDS) protection bought, third-party and parent guarantees).
3
The figures behind Graph 2 are from the CBS/IR, where banks’ claims are allocated to the country
and sector where the immediate counterparty resides, and do not take into account risk transfers
such as third-party guarantees and/or CDS protection bought.
4
International claims are cross-border claims plus locally booked claims in non-local currencies. Banks’
local operations in EMDEs tend to be retail and corporate lending on the asset side, funded by local
deposits on the liability side.
3/16the majority (about 60%) of foreign claims on emerging Europe. Nevertheless, the
aggregate regional share masks considerable differences across individual countries.
In Turkey, for example, international claims accounted for nearly two thirds (66%) of
foreign claims.
Foreign claims1 on selected EMDEs Graph 2
Mexico Brazil Chile
480 80 480 80 200 80
360 60 360 60 150 60
240 40 240 40 100 40
120 20 120 20 50 20
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Russia Poland Turkey
300 80 300 80 300 80
225 60 225 60 225 60
150 40 150 40 150 40
75 20 75 20 75 20
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
India China Korea
400 80 1,200 80 400 80
300 60 900 60 300 60
200 40 600 40 200 40
100 20 300 20 100 20
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Lhs (USD bn): Lhs (USD bn): Rhs (%):
International claims Local liabilities in local currency Short-term share2
Local claims in local currency
1
Foreign claims are the sum of international claims (cross-border claims in all currencies and foreign currency claims extended locally by
foreign offices) and locally extended claims in local currency. Includes the unconsolidated claims of banks headquartered outside but located
inside CBS-reporting countries. 2 Share of short-term claims (maturity up to and including one year) in total international claims.
Source: BIS consolidated banking statistics on an immediate counterparty basis (Table B4).
The CBS/IR also provide a coarse maturity breakdown (green lines), but only for
banks’ international claims (ie cross-border claims plus local claims in non-local
currencies). They thus paint only a partial picture of the maturity profile of the overall
4/16stock of total foreign claims. Across all EMDEs combined, total short-term claims
(those with a remaining maturity of one year or less) amounted to $1.8 trillion, or
roughly 50% of total international claims (and 30% of total foreign claims).
Despite these shortcomings, the data suggest that claims on key economies in
emerging Asia-Pacific have tended to have higher share of short-term maturities than
elsewhere. At end-2019, short-term claims accounted for 67% of the total
international claims on China, and 60% of those on Korea. By contrast, the short-term
share of international claims on Poland, Russia and Turkey were all below 50%.
Corporates that have faced severe revenue shortages are likely to have tapped
their credit lines in the course of Q1 2020 in order to secure working capital.5 Such a
drawdown gives rise to new credit, and thus has an expansionary effect on the stock
of outstanding claims. Graph 3 below shows a snapshot at end-2019 for key EMDEs
of the outstanding stock of foreign claims (guarantor basis) (blue bars) and the
amount of undisbursed credit commitments. For most borrower countries, the
undisbursed credit commitments were on the order of 10−15% of the outstanding
stock of claims (red dots). But borrowers in Mexico had commitments for an
additional $70 billion in funds, or 19% of the total stock of claims on Mexico.
Foreign claims and undisbursed credit commitments to EMDEs
As of December 2019 Graph 3
USD bn In per cent
750 20
500 15
250 10
0 5
CN MX BR KR IN PL TW MY TH ID CL RU HU
Lhs: Rhs:
Total foreign claims Credit commitments, % of foreign claims
Credit commitments
Source: Consolidated banking statistics on a guarantor basis (Table B4).
The creditor banking systems’ perspective
From the creditors’ perspective, the CBS also shed light on the structure of particular
banking systems’ consolidated claims on EMDEs. The panels of Graph 4 contain the
same elements as Graph 2, but show selected national banking systems’ claims on all
EMDEs combined. Banking systems that provide the bulk of their foreign credit as
international rather than local claims, and with the a shorter maturity profile (ie with
a relatively higher share of claims with a remaining maturity of one year or less),
arguably have greater scope to scale back their overall credit stocks in times of stress
in the global financial system.
5
See FT article here: https://www.ft.com/content/6b299c42-6c66-11ea-89df-41bea055720b.
5/16Against this backdrop, the CBS provide insights into how national banking
systems may react to the impact of Covid-19. For most banking systems, claims on
EMDEs represent a relatively small share (20% on average at end-2019) of their total
foreign claims (blue lines). But there are exceptions: claims on EMDEs accounted for
more than half of Austrian banks’ and roughly a third of Spanish banks’ total foreign
claims.
Foreign claims1 on EMDEs, by national banking system Graph 4
UK banks US banks Japanese banks
800 60 800 80 600 60
600 45 600 60 450 45
400 30 400 40 300 30
200 15 200 20 150 15
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Spanish banks French banks German banks
600 60 600 60 600 60
450 45 450 45 450 45
300 30 300 30 300 30
150 15 150 15 150 15
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Austrian banks Italian banks4 Dutch banks
300 60 300 60 300 60
225 45 225 45 225 45
150 30 150 30 150 30
75 15 75 15 75 15
0 0 0 0 0 0
01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
Lhs (USD bn): Lhs (USD bn): Rhs:
International claims Local liabilities in local currency Short-term share2
Local claims in local currency EMDE share3
1
Foreign claims are the sum of international claims (cross-border claims in all currencies and foreign currency claims extended locally by
foreign offices) and locally extended claims in local currency. 2 Share of short-term claims in total international claims. 3 Share of foreign
claims on EMDEs in total foreign claims. 4 The jump in 2007 was the result of a merger between UniCredit and HypoVereinsbank.
Source: BIS consolidated banking statistics on an immediate counterparty basis.
Moreover, the CBS show that there are notable differences across reporting
banking systems in how their claims on EMDEs are booked. Spanish banks, for
6/16example, stand out, with more than 70% of their total foreign claims booked locally
in the borrower country and in the local currency at end-2019. Austrian banks also
had relatively high shares of locally booked claims. By contrast, French, Japanese, UK
and US banks, all with total foreign claims on EMDEs in excess of $450 billion, booked
close to or less than 50% of their positions locally in the borrower country. And the
international claims of some banking systems tended to have short maturities. More
than 80% of US banks’ claims and about 60% of UK banks’ claims on EMDEs were
short-term.
Lastly, while the above analysis showed the structure of banks’ consolidated
claims on particular countries based on the CBS/IR, their full credit exposures can be
better captured in the CBS on a guarantor basis.6 Graph 5 shows a snapshot of
selected consolidated banking systems’ claims on all EMDEs combined, and in
addition other potential exposures. These include their undisbursed credit
commitments, which could be drawn on by borrowers (yellow bars), credit guarantees
(purple bars) and derivatives with a positive market value (tan bars).
End-2019 data show that these additional potential exposures can be quite
substantial. Undisbursed credit commitments, if drawn, would increase German,
Italian, Spanish and US banks’ claims by about 15% or more (red dots). If all additional
potential exposures are included, German, UK and US banks’ foreign exposures to
EMDEs would be about 35% higher than they are (blue dots), and almost 30% higher
for Italian and Spanish banks. The above indicators suggest that there could be
substantial heterogeneity among national banking systems in their reactions to the
global financial shock triggered by the pandemic.
Foreign claims and other potential exposures to EMDEs
As of December 2019 Graph 5
USD bn In per cent
1,000 40
750 30
500 20
250 10
0 0
AT DE ES IT FR NL GB AU CA JP US
Lhs: Rhs:
Foreign claims (FC) Credit commitments, % of FC
1
Credit commitments All other potential exposures, % of FC
Guarantees extended
Derivatives
1
Refers to the sum of credit commitments, guarantees extended and derivatives.
Source: Consolidated banking statistics on a guarantor basis.
6
In CBS/G, banks’ claims are allocated to the country and sector where the ultimate obligor resides,
after taking into account risk transfers such as third-party guarantees and/or CDS protection bought.
7/16Saudi Arabia joins the reporting population for the LBS
Saudi Arabia joined the population of reporting countries for the locational banking
statistics (LBS), bringing the number of jurisdictions reporting these data to 48. The reported
LBS data are compiled from 23 deposit-taking institutions, almost half of which are branches
of foreign banks. Resident domestic banks account for about 80% of total cross-border
claims and liabilities. Expanding the LBS-reporting population had been identified as a
priority, as part of the enhancements to the banking statistics agreed by the Committee on
the Global Financial System in 2012, as well as the Data Gaps Initiative launched by the IMF
and FSB in 2009 with the endorsement of the G20.
As shown in the left-hand panel of Graph A, banks in Saudi Arabia had outstanding cross-
border claims of $63 billion at end-Q4 2019, on a par with those reported by banks in
Malaysia and higher than those reported by banks in India and Turkey (each at $54 billion)
and Mexico ($18 billion), all of which are much larger economies. The right-hand panel
shows that banks in Saudi Arabia, relative to these other banking systems, are prominent
net creditors to the rest of the world. Net claims (ie cross-border claims less cross-border
liabilities) amounted to $18 billion.
Cross-border claims of LBS-reporting countries
Amounts outstanding, in billions of US dollars Graph A
Gross claims Net claims
60 0
45 –50
30 –100
15 –150
0 –200
2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019
SA TR MX ZA CL KR
MY PH ID IN
CL = Chile; ID = Indonesia; IN = India; KR = Korea; MX = Mexico; MY = Malaysia; PH = Philippines; SA = Saudi
Arabia; TR = Turkey; ZA = South Africa.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics (Table A2).
Banks in Saudi Arabia channelled the bulk of their cross-border claims on
counterparties in developing Africa and the Middle East, which accounted for more than
35% of claims. Counterparties in advanced economies and offshore centres made up 32%
and 24% respectively. Overall, about two thirds of these claims were on banks and more
than three quarters were in foreign currency (mainly US dollars).
8/16List of background references
“Supply- and demand-side factors in global banking”, BIS Working Papers, no 639,
May 2017.
“International capital flows and financial vulnerabilities in emerging market
economies: analysis and data gaps”, note submitted to the G20 International Financial
Architecture Working Group, August 2016.
“The resilience of banks' international operations”, BIS Quarterly Review, March 2016.
“Rapid credit growth and international credit: challenges for Asia”, BIS Working
Papers, no 377, April 2012.
“After the global financial crisis: from international to multinational banking?”, Journal
of Economics and Business, no 64, 2012.
“Measuring the vulnerability of emerging market economies to sudden capital
withdrawals through the banking system”, BIS Quarterly Review, December 2011.
“Bank health and lending to emerging markets”, BIS Quarterly Review, December
2008.
9/16Annex A Locational banking statistics: charts
Cross-border claims by sector, currency and instrument Graph A.1
Amounts outstanding, in USD trn1 Adjusted changes, in USD bn2 Annual change, in per cent3
By sector of counterparty
1,000
30 10
500
20 0
0
10 –10
–500
0 –1,000 –20
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
4
Non-bank Related offices Unrelated banks Unallocated
By currency
1,000
30 10
500
20 0
0
10 –10
–500
0 –1,000 –20
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
US dollar Euro Yen Other currencies5 Unallocated
By instrument
1,000
30 15
500
20 0
0
10 –15
–500
0 –1,000 –30
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Loans and deposits Debt securities Other instruments Unallocated
1
At quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing
on the reference date. 2 Quarterly changes in amounts outstanding, adjusted for the impact of exchange rate movements between quarter-
ends and methodological breaks in the data. 3 Geometric mean of quarterly percentage adjusted changes. 4 Includes central banks and
banks unallocated by subsector between intragroup and unrelated banks. 5 Other reported currencies, calculated as all currencies minus
US dollar, euro, yen and unallocated currencies. The currency is known but reporting is incomplete.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics. Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm.
10/16Cross-border claims by borrowing region Graph A.2
Amounts outstanding, in USD trn1 Adjusted changes, in USD bn2 Annual change, in per cent3
On all countries
30 750 8
20 0 0
10 –750 –8
0 –1,500 –16
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Advanced economies Offshore centres EMEs
On Europe
20 1,000 10
15 500 5
10 0 0
5 –500 –5
0 –1,000 –10
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Euro area Other European Other advanced
advanced
On emerging market economies
3.6 150 20
2.4 0 0
1.2 –150 –20
0.0 –300 –40
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Emerging Asia and Pacific Emerging Latin America and Caribbean
Emerging Europe Emerging Africa and Middle East
1
At quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing
on the reference date. 2 Quarterly changes in amounts outstanding, adjusted for the impact of exchange rate movements between quarter-
ends and methodological breaks in the data. 3 Geometric mean of quarterly percentage adjusted changes.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics. Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm.
11/16Cross-border claims by borrowing country Graph A.3
Amounts outstanding, in USD trn1 Adjusted changes, in USD bn2 Annual change, in per cent3
On selected advanced economies
15 450 15
10 0 0
5 –450 –15
0 –900 –30
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
United States United Kingdom France Germany Japan
On selected offshore centres
4
150 20
3
0 0
2
–150 –20
1
0 –300 –40
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Cayman Islands Hong Kong SAR Singapore Jersey Bahamas
On selected emerging market economies
1.5 100 40
1.0 0 0
0.5 –100 –40
0.0 –200 –80
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
China Brazil India Russia South Africa
1
At quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing
on the reference date. 2 Quarterly changes in amounts outstanding, adjusted for the impact of exchange rate movements between quarter-
ends and methodological breaks in the data. 3 Geometric mean of quarterly percentage adjusted changes.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics. Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm.
12/16Cross-border claims by nationality of reporting bank and currency of denomination Graph A.4
Amounts outstanding, in USD trn1 Adjusted changes, in USD bn2 Annual change, in per cent3
All currencies
30 750 10
20 0 0
10 –750 –10
0 –1,500 –20
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Japan France Other
United States Germany
US dollar
15 500 15
10 0 0
5 –500 –15
0 –1,000 –30
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Japan United Kingdom Other
United States Switzerland
Euro
9 400 20
6 0 0
3 –400 –20
0 –800 –40
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Germany Netherlands Other
France United Kingdom
1
At quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing
on the reference date. 2 Quarterly changes in amounts outstanding, adjusted for the impact of exchange rate movements between quarter-
ends and methodological breaks in the data. 3 Geometric mean of quarterly percentage adjusted changes.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics. Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm.
13/16Cross-border liabilities of reporting banks Graph A.5
Amounts outstanding, in USD trn1 Adjusted changes, in USD bn2 Annual change, in per cent3
To emerging market economies
3 100 15
2 0 0
1 –100 –15
0 –200 –30
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Emerging Asia and Pacific Emerging Latin America and Caribbean
Emerging Europe Emerging Africa and Middle East
To central banks
1.2 50 50
0.8 0 0
0.4 –50 –50
0.0 –100 –100
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
US dollar Euro Yen Other currencies Unallocated
By currency type and location
30 600 5
20 0 0
10 –600 –5
0 –1,200 –10
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Cross-border in all currencies Unallocated
Resident in foreign currencies
1
At quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the exchange rate prevailing
on the reference date. 2 Quarterly changes in amounts outstanding, adjusted for the impact of exchange rate movements between quarter-
ends and methodological breaks in the data. 3 Geometric mean of quarterly percentage adjusted changes.
Source: BIS locational banking statistics. Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm.
14/16Annex B Consolidated banking statistics: charts
Consolidated claims of reporting banks on advanced economies Graph B.1
Foreign claims and local positions, Foreign claims of selected creditors, International claims, by sector and
in USD bn1, 2 in USD bn1, 3 maturity, in per cent4
On the euro area
7,500 1,200 45
5,000 800 30
2,500 400 15
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
Foreign claims (immediate)5 FR GB DE Banks
6
Foreign claims (guarantor) JP US Official sector
Local claims in local currency Non-bank private sector
Local liabilities in local currency Up to and including 1 year
On the United States
6,000 1,500 60
4,000 1,000 40
2,000 500 20
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
JP CH DE
GB FR
On Japan
1,050 450
50
700 300
25
350 150
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
US GB AU
FR TW
1
Amounts outstanding at quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the
exchange rate prevailing on the reference date. 2 Excludes domestic claims, ie claims on residents of a bank’s home country. 3 Foreign
claims on an ultimate risk basis, by nationality of reporting bank. The banking systems shown are not necessarily the largest foreign bank
creditors on each reference date. 4 As a percentage of international claims outstanding. 5 On an immediate counterparty basis. Includes
the unconsolidated claims of banks headquartered outside but located inside CBS-reporting countries. 6 On an ultimate risk basis.
Source: BIS consolidated banking statistics (CBS). Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/consstats.htm.
15/16Consolidated claims of reporting banks on emerging market economies Graph B.2
Foreign claims and local positions, Foreign claims of selected creditors, International claims, by sector and
in USD bn1, 2 in USD bn1, 3 maturity, in per cent4
On China
1,200 180 75
800 120 50
400 60 25
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
5
Foreign claims (immediate) GB JP FR Banks
6
Foreign claims (guarantor) US TW Official sector
Local claims in local currency Non-bank private sector
Local liabilities in local currency Up to and including 1 year
On Turkey
300 75 60
200 50 40
100 25 20
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
ES GB DE
FR US
On Brazil
450 180 60
300 120 40
150 60 20
0 0 0
15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19
ES GB FR
US JP
1
Amounts outstanding at quarter-end. Amounts denominated in currencies other than the US dollar are converted to US dollars at the
exchange rate prevailing on the reference date. 2 Excludes domestic claims, ie claims on residents of a bank’s home country. 3 Foreign
claims on an ultimate risk basis, by nationality of reporting bank. The banking systems shown are not necessarily the largest foreign bank
creditors on each reference date. 4 As a percentage of international claims. 5 On an immediate counterparty basis. Includes the
unconsolidated claims of banks headquartered outside but located inside CBS-reporting countries. 6 On an ultimate risk basis.
Source: BIS consolidated banking statistics (CBS). Further information is available at www.bis.org/statistics/consstats.htm.
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