TE MANA O TE TAIAO - AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN - Department of ...
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2022 TE MANA O TE TAIAO – AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Te Mana o Te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy
Implementation Plan
ISBN 978-0-473-61623-6 (print)
COVER: Whio / blue duck in the Tongariro River near Turangi.
Photo: Leon Berard (www.leonberardphotography.co.nz)
Department of Conservation
PO Box 10420, Wellington 6143
New Zealand
April 2022
Editing and design:
Te Rōpū Ratonga Auaha, Te Papa Atawhai
Creative Services, Department of Conservation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. In essence, you are
free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to the Crown and abide by the
other licence terms.
To view a copy of this licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2
Minister’s foreword
Ngā tauākī noho haepapa
Nature is an important part of our lives here in
Aotearoa New Zealand. We have been entrusted
Statements of responsibility
the plan is focussed on government actions.
The implementation plan is a living document
with unique and special biodiversity – many of so, as it evolves, additional actions will be
the species living here are found nowhere else added from others in the system. Recognising
in the world. our international obligation under the United
Statement of responsibility by the Director-General
But science doesn’t lie and despite the many Nations Convention on Biological Diversity – to
In signing
protectthis
and information,
conserve Iour
acknowledge I am responsible
unique natural and for the i
good intentions, we now have a biodiversity
intentions for the Department of Conservation Te Papa
cultural heritage – the plan will be updated fol Atawhai. Th
crisis, with 4000 of our species threatened or at
prepared in accordance with sections 38 and 40 of the Public Finan
risk of extinction. lowing the adoption of new global biodiversity
goals in 2022.
We all have an obligation to protect our natural
environment for the benefit of future genera We also need to continue to support and grow
tions, and by acting now and working together the good work being done on the ground.
to tackle the challenges that threaten bio LouI want to acknowledge the many individuals,
Sanson
diversity, change can happen. Director-General and tangata whenua-led groups
communities
that are already making a difference for bio
That means building on past efforts and clearly 3 September 2021
diversity. Actions to protect and restore nature
laying out the actions we will take to ensure
are being achieved through Predator Free 2050,
biodiversity is not only protected but flourishes.
Jobs for Nature and other initiatives supported
It means recognising that every part of our
by the Government.
environment, whether it’s in a national park or
our backyards, sustains biodiversity. It means Statement by the responsible
This implementation Minister
plan signifies a step closer
bringing biodiversity into decision making and towards
I am satisfiedthe
the vision of the
information strategy,intentions
on strategic Te Mauri prepared by th
mainstream policy. Hikahika o Te
Conservation te Papa
Taiao Atawhai
– natureisisconsistent
vibrant andwithvigor
the policies and p
ous.Government.
of the I look forward to what we can achieve
We already have a way forward for protecting
together for nature.
and restoring biodiversity. Te Mana o te Taiao –
the Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy,
which was released last year, set the direction for
improving biodiversity over the next 30 years.
Hon
HonKiritapu Allan
Kiritapu Allan
This implementation plan will drive ongoing Minister of Conservation
Minister of Conservation
collective action across Aotearoa New Zealand,
9 September 2021
adding new knowledge to existing activities and
programmes. Every 5 years, we will review and
assess what has been achieved and what we
have learned to inform the next set of actions.
The initial actions in this plan align with the
strategy’s goals for 2025. The immediate focus
is on establishing well-functioning systems and
processes to support a partnership approach to
conserving and enhancing biodiversity.
In addition, this plan signals the priority initiatives
that focus on directly addressing the most press
ing drivers of biodiversity loss and will lead to
step changes in the biodiversity system that will
accelerate future efforts.
8
Because of central and local government’s
responsibility in this area, this first iteration of
3
He kupu whakataki – introduction
Introduction
Biodiversity in Aotearoa New Zealand and across International biodiversity commitments
the rest of the world is declining due to a range
The development and implementation of a nat
of threats. Direct pressures include changes in
ional biodiversity strategy and action plan is a
the use of land, freshwater and marine environ
requirement for Aotearoa New Zealand to meet
ments, introduced species, the unsustainable use
its obligations under the United Nations Con
of species and resources, pollution, and climate
vention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We are also
change.1 And these direct pressures are caused
required to report back to the CBD on progress
or compounded by indirect pressures, such as
towards achieving our objectives. Currently, new
not having the right systems in place, not having
global biodiversity goals are expected to be ad
sufficient knowledge or resources to act, and a
opted in mid-2022. This implementation plan will
disconnect between people and nature.
be updated following confirmation of the new
Te Mana o te Taiao – the Aotearoa New Zealand global goals.
Biodiversity Strategy 2020 (ANZBS) seeks to
address these pressures and provides direction An adaptive approach to
for the protection, restoration and sustainable use implementation
of biodiversity over the next 30 years.
This implementation plan is intended to be a
The vision of the strategy is Te Mauri Hikahika o te living document so that others who are invo
Taiao – nature is vibrant and vigorous. This means lved in the biodiversity system can include their
a future where: actions alongside those from central and local
• ecosystems and species from mountain tops to government.
ocean depths are thriving Being a living document also allows the plan
• people’s lives are enriched through their con to be adaptive to changes in knowledge and
nection with nature context. While many pressures on biodiversity
are already known, emerging threats or events
• Treaty partners, whānau, hapū and iwi are exer
may require a change in approach. Therefore, the
cising their full role as rangatira and kaitiaki
implementation plan will be updated regularly to
• prosperity is intrinsically linked with a thriving include new actions.
biodiversity.
Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS Implementation Plan Monitoring and reporting on progress
will be used over the next 30 years to set out a
In addition to regularly updating the actions,
pathway for achieving the strategy.
there will be 5-yearly reviews of the implement
ation plan to evaluate progress towards goals
and outcomes, re-assess priorities, and develop
new actions.
1
Biodiversity in Aotearoa – an overview of state, trends and pressures (2020).
4 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan
He kupu whakataki – introduction
Progress towards achieving the goals and out climate change together, the ongoing threat of
comes will be tracked using a monitoring and introduced pest species and weeds, improving
reporting system, which is currently being biodiversity on privately owned land, and pre
scoped. This will be combined with assessment ssures on the marine environment.
of how delivery on the goals is progressing to
inform future actions and priorities. Priorities to drive step changes in the
Since the development and implementation of a
biodiversity system
national biodiversity action plan is a requirement Everyone in the biodiversity system has a role to
for Aotearoa New Zealand to meet its obligations play in achieving Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS,
under the United Nations Convention on Bio including central government agencies, local
logical Diversity (CBD), our country also needs to government, tangata whenua (whānau, hapū,
report back to the CBD every 4 years on progress iwi and Māori organisations), communities, indi
towards achieving the plan. viduals, scientists and researchers, industry,
landowners, tourism, and businesses. However,
Providing guidance on where to the way the biodiversity system is currently set
focus efforts up means there is a lack of coordination and
connection between all those involved.
Three pou (pillars) provide a framework for
Current actions are focussed on central and local
action by setting out the areas where trans
government agencies, recognising that these
formational change is needed to achieve
agencies have key responsibilities for setting up
Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS: Tūāpapa (getting the
the processes and structures that will enable the
system right), Whakahau (empowering action)
wider biodiversity system and other activities,
and Tiaki me te Whakahaumanu (protecting and
such as those being led by communities and
restoring) (Figure 1).
tangata whenua, to be better connected and
The current actions being undertaken across
make more effective contributions.
central and local government provide a good
As outlined in the strategy, there is also a need
baseline for working towards the 2025 goals under
to increase the integration of te ao Māori (the
each pou, but much more still needs to be done.
Māori world view) and elevate mātauranga
As this implementation plan continues to be
Māori (Māori knowledge) in biodiversity decision
updated, priority areas that link back to the
making, management and funding. The He Awa
strategy framework will determine where new
Whiria approach in Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS
actions should be added. These will set the
describes the weaving together of mātauranga
foundations needed for further work to achieve
Māori and other knowledge systems. Once tools
the 2025 goals and beyond.
have been developed to guide how this can be
achieved in practice, this approach will be applied
Priorities to address the drivers of
to implementation.
biodiversity loss
Focus needs to be placed on developing inte
Actions that directly address the drivers of bio
grated approaches to biodiversity protection
diversity loss are likely to make the biggest
that consider environmental, social, cultural and
difference for biodiversity if current efforts are
economic values. Emerging new tools and tech
increased. These include focussing on joint
nologies for biodiversity protection will also be
efforts that tackle both biodiversity loss and
key to achieving the strategy’s outcomes.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 5
He kupu whakataki – introduction
Interaction with other frameworks • Sustainable, productive and inclusive land and
sea use (eg Fit For a Better World)
and programmes across government
• Climate change (eg One Billion Trees, He Waka
Work that will help address the drivers of bio
Eke Noa)
diversity loss is taking place across a wide range
of government agencies, reflecting the complex • Predator eradication (eg Predator Free 2050)
and cross-cutting nature of the challenges bio • Support for the communities and the economy
diversity faces. through nature-based employment (eg Jobs
Some agencies, such as Toitū te Whenua Land for Nature)
Information New Zealand (LINZ) and the Depart • Responding to the issues raised in the Wai 262
ment of Conservation (DOC), have developed, or inquiry and the recommendations of the Ko
are developing, their own biodiversity strategies Aotearoa Tēnei report (Te Pae Tawhiti)
based on Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS to guide
how they will contribute to the goals.
There are also many other programmes or frame–
works in place across government that focus on
cross-cutting themes and are connected to bio
diversity. Actions happening in these themes
are contributing to achieving the objectives and
goals of Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS.
6 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan
He kupu whakataki – introduction
Figure 1. Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy framework.
What we are aiming to achieve by 2050
Outcome 1 Outcome 2
Ecosystems, from mountain tops to Indigenous species and their habitats across Aotearoa
ocean depths, are thriving New Zealand and beyond are thriving
› The mauri of ecosystems is thriving › The mana of taonga species is restored
› A full range of indigenous ecosystems are protected › All indigenous species are protected and secure, and
and secured for future generations none are at risk of extinction due to human activities
› The health, integrity and connectivity of ecosystems › Species’ populations are healthy, genetically diverse
have been maintained and/or restored, including in and have increased resilience to future threats
human-dominated areas including climate change
› Migratory species and their habitats are secured across
international boundaries
Outcome 3 Outcome 4
People’s lives are enriched through their connection Treaty partners, whānau, hapū and iwi are exercising
with nature their full role as rangatira and kaitiaki
› Everyone in Aotearoa New Zealand is connected with › Resilient biodiversity enables cultural practices and
nature, and supports and actively contributes to its mahinga kai, contributing to the regeneration of
protection and restoration mātauranga Māori
› Connection with nature is improving people’s physical, › Restored nature uplifts mana
spiritual and mental health and quality of life › Treaty partners, whānau, hapū, iwi and Māori
› Future generations inherit restored, thriving nature organisations are central to the biodiversity system
and recognised as leaders
Outcome 5
Prosperity is intrinsically linked
with a thriving biodiversity
› Thriving biodiversity provides the services that
underpin our prosperity
› Biodiversity resources are managed sustainably to
provide ongoing economic benefits
› Economic activity has neutral or beneficial impacts
on biodiversity
› Thriving biodiversity plays a central role in our
approach to mitigating climate change
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 7
He kupu whakataki – introduction
Figure 1 continued
Central to our work between now and 2050 are three pou (pillars) which provide direction
and focus to guide us towards the transformational change needed to achieve the strategy
outcomes. Objectives are identified within each pou.
TŪĀPAPA WHAKAHAU TIAKI ME TE
Getting the system right Empowering action WHAKAHAUMANU
Protecting and restoring
We need the right systems in place to We need all New Zealanders to help to
tackle the biodiversity crisis. These cross- protect and restore our biodiversity. We need to address the direct pressures
cutting objectives set out how we will These cross-cutting objectives set out causing a decline in biodiversity, ensure
ensure this. how we will ensure that everyone is the sustainable use of biodiversity, and
empowered to act. restore biodiversity in areas where it has
What our 2050 objectives are: been lost. These objectives set out what
1. Governance, legislation and funding What our 2050 objectives are: we will do to ensure biodiversity is resilient
systems are in place and enable 7. All New Zealanders have the and secure.
delivery of the strategy outcomes skills, knowledge and capability to
What our 2050 objectives are:
2. Treaty partners, whānau, hapū, iwi be effective
and Māori organisations are rangatira 8. Resourcing and support are enabling 10. Ecosystems and species are
and kaitiaki connected, active guardians of nature protected, restored, resilient and
connected from mountain tops to
3. Biodiversity protection is at the heart 9. Collaboration, co-design and partnership
ocean depths
of economic activity are delivering better outcomes
4. Improved systems for knowledge,
11. Management ensures that Biological
threats and pressures are reduced
science, data and innovation inform
through management
our work
5. Mātauranga Māori is an integral part of
12. Natural resources are
managed sustainably
biodiversity research and management
6. Aotearoa New Zealand is making a
13. Biodiversity provides nature-based
solutions to climate change and is
meaningful contribution to
resilient to its effects
biodiversity globally
Priority areas
Steps need to be taken in these priority areas to ensure that the strategy outcomes can be achieved.
Current actions that align with these areas are indicated with a symbol in the implementation plan.
Addressing the drivers of biodiversity loss, including: Driving step changes in the biodiversity system, including:
› Joined up efforts that tackle biodiversity loss › Increasing the integration of te ao Māori and
and climate change together, which will be elevation of mātauranga Māori in biodiversity
critical to our ability to restore and manage decision-making, management, and funding.
ecosystems and species. › Larger scale and more integrated approaches to
› Addressing the ongoing threat of introduced pest biodiversity protection, such as landscape-scale
species and weeds, which is being extended by the Predator Free 2050 projects developed alongside
increasing range of new biosecurity threats driven private and Māori landowners, integrated statutes for
by a changing climate. land use, development and environmental protection,
› Achieving biodiversity outcomes on private land and a regenerative approach to tourism.
will help address ecosystem impacts of land-use › Emerging new tools and technologies that have
changes on terrestrial, freshwater and marine the potential to offer breakthrough opportunities
ecosystems where they extend beyond public for biodiversity protection.
conservation lands and waters. › System-level design of governance, including
› Addressing the increasing pressures on the monitoring and reporting, decision making, institutions
marine environment, particularly those related and polices, and integration across agencies
to climate change, freshwater, sediments, plastic
pollution, and fishing.
8 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanHe kupu whakataki – introduction
Moko kākāriki / jewelled gecko. Photo: Sabine Bernert
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 9Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Implementation plan
The following tables outline actions contributing towards the Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS 2025 goals and
objectives. For an explanation of the symbols, refer to Figure 1. Symbols are not shown for actions relating
to more than three priority areas.
Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 1: Governance, legislation and funding systems are in place and enable delivery
of the strategy outcomes.
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Develop a DOC Biodiversity Action Strategy to identify DOC Completed 4.3, 6.1
which Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS goals DOC is
accountable for and to guide the work required to deliver
on these goals.
Implementation of the strategy will contribute to multiple
pou, objectives and goals.
Work with other system participants on continued system Ministry Ongoing 1, 3, 4,
improvement and ensure close alignment between for Primary 9, 11
the biosecurity and biodiversity systems. An effective Industries
biosecurity system is critical to achieving the goals of (MPI)
Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS.
Establish a system across central and regional government DOC Ongoing 1.1
to support future implementation planning and facilitate
connections across the wider biodiversity system.
Establish multi-agency national collaborative groups to DOC Established and 1.1
plan and implement Predator Free 2050 (PF2050) activity, ongoing
as well as local collaborative groups to progress landscape-
scale regional projects.
Regional Councils operate according to a landscape-scale Regional Ongoing 1.1
view of biodiversity management across all tenures, rohe and unitary
and agencies. councils
Regional Councils are providing tactical leadership at Regional Ongoing 1.1
ground level across many programmes and projects – and unitary
interface between people and management operations. councils
10 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Establish an Interim Oversight Group to provide advice DOC Established 1.2
on what governance structure(s) could be adopted to and ongoing
achieve Te Mana o te Taiao – ANZBS, as well as strategic
advice on implementation.
Ensure a governance structure is in place that provides DOC 2024 1.2
leadership, accountability, and inclusive and transparent
decision making.
Multi-stakeholder involvement and governance is an emerging Regional, Ongoing 1.2
practice through joint management agreements, alliances, unitary
resource management plans and council committees. and district
councils
Ensure a governance structure is in place for the Ngā DOC/NWR Established 1.2
Whenua Rāhui (NWR) Fund to provide leadership, and ongoing
accountability, and inclusive and transparent decision
making for the protection of indigenous biodiversity on
private land owned by Māori.
A new Oceans Secretariat has been established by the DOC, MPI, Ongoing 1.2
Minister for Oceans and Fisheries, comprising DOC, MPI MfE with
and the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) (with support support
from other agencies including the Ministry of Foreign from MFAT
Affairs and Trade (MFAT) as appropriate). Its purpose is
to support collaboration and coordination by providing
enhanced governance for significant marine initiatives
and the sharing of resources and expertise. It supports the
Government’s commitment to a more holistic, integrated
approach to managing our oceans.
The Resource Management Act (RMA) is repealed, and MfE 2022 1.3
new legislation is enacted based on the recommendations
of the Resource Management Review Panel. The three
proposed acts are the:
• Natural and Built Environments Act (NBA), as the main
replacement for the RMA, to protect and restore the
environment while better enabling development
• Strategic Planning Act (SPA), requiring the development
of long-term regional spatial strategies to help
coordinate and integrate decisions made under
relevant legislation
• Climate Adaptation Act (CAA), to address complex issues
associated with managed retreat.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 11Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Development of national direction that provides direction MfE TBC 1.3
to councils on their responsibilities for protecting and
maintaining indigenous biodiversity, supported by the work
already undertaken to develop a National Policy Statement
for Indigenous Biodiversity.
Review conservation management planning documents DOC Ongoing 1.3
and planning systems to improve biodiversity outcomes.
Establish a foundation for future comprehensive conservation DOC Q2 2023 (update 1.3
legislation reform and undertake preparatory policy to Cabinet)
analysis. Initiate a review of the Wildlife Act 1953 and provide
an update to Cabinet (subject to Cabinet’s decision).
Review of the Crown Pastoral Land Act 1998 to end tenure Toitū te Ongoing 1.3
review and improve the way 1.2 million hectares of Crown Whenua
pastoral land is administered and regulated. LINZ
Create a more strategic, nationally coordinated framework DOC, MPI Ongoing 1.3
for marine protection with modernised legislative tools and
processes that improve integration with wider marine use.
Review the Forests Act 1949, including Part 3A. MPI Bill next 1.3
parliamentary
term
Review the Biosecurity Act 1993. MPI TBC 1.3
Make amendments to the Fisheries Act 1996 to move MPI October 2022, 1.3
towards a more ecosystem-based approach to fisheries followed by a
management and more responsive decision making and to 4-year transition
drive more selective fishing. phase
Carbon calculator and resource consent offsetting are being Regional, Ongoing 1.4, 3.2,
trialled in some regional councils. Biodiversity offsetting unitary 13.1.1
exists in some regional policy statements and plans. and district
councils
12 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Undertake a gap analysis to identify the additional actions DOC 2023 1.5
and resources needed to deliver on the 2025 goals.
Resource and funding are secured through the long-term Regional Ongoing 1.5
planning cycle for Regional Councils for business as usual and unitary
(BAU). Additional funding would need to be prioritised and councils
approved through the same mechanism. Funding to scale
up activities is also leveraged off government funding and
landowner and community direct and in-kind resources.
Toitū te Whenua LINZ is developing templates to support Toitū te Ongoing 1.5
a funding system that will allow us to pool resources to Whenua
more efficiently manage biosecurity and biodiversity across LINZ
Crown land.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 13Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 2: Treaty partners, whānau, hapū, iwi and Māori organisations are rangatira
and kaitiaki.
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Put a Kaitiakitanga Collaborative Group and Te Ao Māori DOC 2022 2.1
Strategic Advisor in place to ensure that a te ao Māori
perspective is embedded in the PF2050 programme.
Toitū te Whenua LINZ is engaging with Māori as kaitiaki Toitū te Ongoing 2.1
and as having mana whenua where they have an interest in Whenua
Toitū te Whenua LINZ-managed Crown land, to ensure that LINZ
Māori and iwi interests, te Ao Māori, and mātauranga Māori
are incorporated into Toitū te Whenua LINZ programmes
(where deemed appropriate by mana whenua).
Mātauranga Māori is being incorporated through some Regional, Ongoing 2.1, 2.2
Regional Councils into biodiversity activities, projects and unitary
management plans. Community group funding includes and district
iwi/hapū to undertake biodiversity work. councils
Some district councils also undertake this work.
Biodiversity restoration projects on Toitū te Whenua LINZ- Toitū te Q1 2025 2.2
managed Crown land are undertaken in partnership with Whenua
iwi/rūnanga to support them as rangatira and kaitiaki and to LINZ
achieve cultural outcomes.
Supported through Jobs for Nature funding
As part of Revitalising the Gulf: Government Action on MPI 2023 2.2
the Sea Change Plan, two pilots for Ahu Moana projects (supports
(collaborative management between mana whenua 10.5)
and local communities of their local coastal area) are
implemented and the learnings are used to inform
development of an Ahu Moana Framework.
Ensure that relationships with Māori landowners and NWR Started and 2.2, 2.3
communities are supporting their aspirations for indigenous ongoing for
biodiversity protection at places under NWR kawenata. the term of
the NWR
kawenata
Ensure that the whenua (land) remains in Māori ownership NWR In place and 2.3
under the NWR kawenata, including a 25-year review ongoing
clause with the intent of allowing for the next generation
to have a say.
Actively seek whānau and hapū to undertake NWR Annually 2.3
management work at place and land trusts to co-design or when
management plans. required
14 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Ensure that whānau, hapū and iwi are leading or partnering DOC, MPI Ongoing 2.3
on delivering Jobs for Nature projects to achieve their
aspirations for their whenua.
Treaty partners, whānau, hapū, iwi and Māori are involved in Regional Ongoing 2.3
decision making through elected officials and specialised and unitary
governance committees. The advent of alliances and councils
management agreements in some regions is also
promoting a partnership framework of working together.
Support the protection and restoration of Māori land DOC 2025 2.3
through projects funded by Jobs for Nature.
Work with mana whenua on regenerative tourism DOC Ongoing 2.3
approaches for nature walks, including the co-design of
walk experiences and links to te Taiao.
South East Marine Protection (SEMP) network – Agencies DOC, MPI End of 2024 2.3
and Kāi Tahu to establish an enduring rohe-based co-
management structure for any marine protected areas
implemented, including the funding of Kāi Tahu rangers.
Ensure that the Kauri Disease (Phytophthora agathidicida) MPI Order in 2.3
National Pest Management Plan provides for and enables Council (OIC)
the exercise of rangatira and kaitiaki at operational, plan mid-2022
and governance levels, as well as through a specific funding
stream pou for whānau, hapū and iwi.
Put in place marine biodiversity and customary research MPI Established 2.3, 8.1
plans that are agreed on by Fisheries New Zealand and Iwi Nov 2022
Forums as part of a move to improve partnership between and ongoing
Māori and the Crown on all fisheries-related matters.
Work across government agencies to implement the Te Puni 2026 All – but
Te Pae Tawhiti work programme, in partnership with Kōkiri especially
Te Taumata Whakapūmau, the original Wai 262 claimants’ 2.3 and
representative rōpū. Work streams related to objective 2 2.4
focus on the protection of taonga works, taonga taiao,
taonga species and the biodiversity of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Joint management agreements and mātauranga Māori Regional, Ongoing 2.4
incorporated into monitoring and projects. unitary
and district
councils
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 15Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 3: Biodiversity protection is at the heart of economic activity.
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Implement the New Zealand-Aotearoa Government DOC and Ongoing 3.1, 3.3
Tourism Strategy, which sets out the Government’s goals Ministry of
for tourism, including that tourism protects, restores and Business,
champions Aotearoa New Zealand’s natural environment, Innovation and
culture and historic heritage. Employment
(MBIE)
Ensure that DOC’s key experiences, such as Great Walks, DOC Established 3.1
Short Walks and Day Hikes, have a strong vision and and ongoing
connection to te Taiao that is internationally recognised.
The regional sector is working to develop a brand that Regional Ongoing 3.1
highlights the work we do across the environment, and unitary
community and economics. councils
Councils must operate across private land, within working Regional, Ongoing 3.2
landscapes. Every action or initiative affects economics for unitary
individuals and the region. Councils try to make biodiversity and district
protection more economically attractive for landowners councils
using a variety of tools (rates relief, funding, technical
expertise sharing, etc).
Support for affected businesses through the creation of DOC 2024 3.3
nature-based employment opportunities (via Jobs for
Nature) gives businesses the confidence to invest further in
conservation activities.
Work with stakeholders and partners to use destination DOC / Regional Established 3.3
management planning to explore the implementation Tourism and ongoing
of innovative management tools that can reduce visitor Organisations
impacts in popular tourism destinations such as Milford,
South Westland and Mackenzie.
As part of the Milford Opportunities Project, develop a plan DOC / MBIE / Established 3.3
to ensure that Milford Sound/Piopiotahi maintains its status Waka Kotahi and ongoing
as a key visitor icon in Aotearoa New Zealand and provides New Zealand
a world-class visitor experience that is accessible, upholds Transport
its World Heritage status and national park and conservation Agency (NZTA) /
values, and adds value to Southland and Aotearoa Southland
New Zealand. District Council /
Queenstown
District Council
16 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Research by Crown Research Institutes and monitoring by Regional Ongoing 3.3
regional councils is contributing to knowledge on impacts and unitary
to biodiversity from economic activities. Significant issue councils
with indigenous vegetation clearance for forestry or farming.
Ensure that spatial planning identifies areas where open MPI Ongoing. 3.3
ocean aquaculture can be developed while minimising Work in East
impacts on other values, including biodiversity. Coast South
Island to start
(DOC, regional councils, iwi and industry involved)
2022, time for
completion
TBC
Identify steps to protect biodiversity from the adverse MPI Dec 2022 and 3.3
effects of fishing on the marine environment in all fisheries ongoing
management plans, and embed actions in national plans of
action and threat management plans.
Explore options to further reduce the effects of bottom MPI (DOC, iwi 2022/23 3.3
trawling on benthic biodiversity through spatial gear and industry
restrictions and innovative gear design, whilst allowing for involved)
the sustainable utilisation of fisheries resources.
Create nature-based employment opportunities through DOC, MfE, 2024 3.4
the Jobs for Nature programme. Toitū te
Whenua LINZ,
MBIE, MPI
Contractor roles for animal and plant pest control, Regional, Ongoing 3.4
fencing, biodiversity management plans, trapping, etc unitary
support local employment. and district
councils
Scaling up biodiversity programmes in the terrestrial Regional, Ongoing 3.4
and freshwater space through collaborative delivery unitary
programmes with the assistance of Jobs for Nature. and district
councils
Some regions continue to identify significant natural areas Regional, Ongoing
for wetlands, terrestrial areas and marine areas (estuarine unitary
and reef systems). and district
councils
Development of protection programmes for significant Regional, Ongoing
natural areas. unitary
and district
councils
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 17Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 4: Improved systems for knowledge, science, data and innovation
inform our work.
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Develop a DOC Biodiversity Monitoring and Reporting DOC Mid-2023 4.1, 4.2
Strategic Plan to provide line of sight from the data that are
currently collected through to the use of reporting to inform
DOC’s investment decisions and management actions.
A comprehensive, nationally agreed monitoring system is DOC 2025 4.1, 4.2
established to enable decision-makers to measure whether
the implementation of Te Mana o te Taiao - ANZBS is
enabling better protection and enhancement of indigenous
biodiversity, including:
• national-level biodiversity databases
• relevant indicators
• standard methods for data collection (or a process for
alternative methods provided)
• field protocols used by agencies.
Regional councils are undertaking monitoring, but it varies Regional Ongoing 4.1
in scale and focus. and unitary
councils
A data improvement work stream for environmental MfE and Ongoing 4.1
reporting ensures consistent and representative data are Stats NZ
available for future environmental reporting. Key areas
of focus for future data are improving underdeveloped,
insufficient and poor-quality data.
The work may include developing new indicators,
models, data sources, methodologies, analyses and
presentation techniques.
Through PF2050, trial common data and reporting DOC 2022 4.1
frameworks in regions such as Taranaki to inform the
development of a national framework.
Ensure that centralised data on marine biodiversity are MPI Ongoing 4.2
accessible at different spatial scales through purpose-
built platforms that enable full querying of the data by
all end-users.
Develop a new research plan to assess economic MPI Nov 2022, 4.2
interactions by valuing nature, biodiversity and ecosystems, ongoing
communities, and climate change impacts and undertaking
a socio-economic systems analysis.
18 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Most councils use zonation analysis tools to identify Regional Ongoing 4.3
priority biodiversity. and unitary
councils
Identification of significant natural areas is completed at Regional Ongoing 4.3
various levels. and unitary
councils
A prioritisation framework is being developed to justify Toitū te Ongoing 4.3
investment into the priority rivers and lakes that Toitū te Whenua
Whenua LINZ manages. LINZ
Use the ‘Readiness tool’ framework to inform the suitability DOC 2023 4.3
of potential new predator eradication projects for PF2050.
Use the Tourism Science Roadmap to coordinate and foster DOC Ongoing 4.4
the research required to achieve regenerative outcomes,
including for biodiversity.
New Zealand’s Biological Heritage National Science MBIE 2024 4, 5, 6,
Challenge, which aims to ‘Protect and manage New funded – 9, 10, 11
Zealand’s biodiversity, improve our biosecurity, and enhance devolved
our resilience to harmful organisms’ by conducting
research under the impact pillars ‘Whakamana’, ‘Tiaki’ and
‘Whakahou’. Research funding is administered to a host
organisation (Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research) and
managed through an independent Governance Group,
Director and Management Team representing the Challenge.
The Ngā Rākau Taketake Strategic Science Investment MBIE 2023 4, 5,
Fund platform, which was set up to enable kauri dieback funded – 8, 11
and myrtle rust related research that aligns with the devolved
priorities identified in the Kauri Dieback Science Plan
and Myrtle Rust Science Plan (developed by MPI). This
investment has a strong focus on te ao Māori and integrates
mātauranga Māori into nearly all aspects of the research.
The platform looks to empower communities to protect,
manage and help restore taonga that are impacted by these
biosecurity threats.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 19Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
The Sustainable Seas National Science Challenge, MBIE 2024 3, 4, 10,
which aims to ‘Enhance the utilisation of our marine funded – 12
resources within environmental and biological constraints’. devolved
Sustainable Seas is tackling this by developing an
ecosystem-based management approach to marine
resource use, working with industry and research sectors
to ensure sustainability. Research funding is administered
to a host organisation (NIWA) and managed through an
independent Governance Group, Director and Management
Team representing the Challenge.
The land-based ecosystems Strategic Science Investment MBIE 2024
Fund platform, which is hosted by Manaaki Whenua – funded –
Landcare Research and supports research that enables devolved
Aotearoa New Zealand to sustainably manage its land-based
species, habitats and ecosystems. Ultimately, this platform
aims to reverse the decline of Aotearoa New Zealand’s
biodiversity and enables land resources to be managed and
used in ways that protect biodiversity for future generations.
Crown Research Institutes work with regional councils to Regional Ongoing 4.4
support ecosystem-based management aligned to regional and unitary
plans, strategies and policies. councils
Further develop data information sharing systems and NWR/ 2023 4.5
capabilities with landowners and others to better inform landowners
decisions and plans collectively.
Tools are being developed to gather data to support Toitū te Ongoing 4.5
biosecurity and biodiversity work on the ground for Whenua
Toitū te Whenua LINZ-managed land. LINZ
Continue work under the funding programmes Tools to DOC (with Ongoing 4.5
Market and Products to Projects, which are helping to PF2050 Ltd)
deliver research into tools, technologies and methodologies
with the output of deliverable products for market.
Support projects that stimulate innovation in on the ground DOC 2024 4.5
techniques (eg pest control) and approaches to deliver
conservation (eg the employment of tourism workers in the
low season) through the Jobs for Nature programme.
20 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead Achieve by 2025
agency goal(s)
Innovative solutions to biodiversity issues are being applied Regional, Ongoing 4.5
at various councils (eg Taranaki). unitary
and district
councils
Development of a significant natural area framework for the Regional, Ongoing 4.5
marine environment in the Marlborough Sounds. unitary
and district
councils
Rollout of cameras on up to 300 inshore commercial fishing MPI 2024 4.5,
vessels. This rollout is targeted at vessels where fishing 12.2.1
poses the greatest risk to protected species and/or have
significant amounts of fish bycatch.
Identify and implement methods for measuring the MPI Methods 4.5
environmental performance for aquaculture. identified
by Q1 2022,
implementation
ongoing
Continue to undertake and report on research to inform MPI Ongoing 4.5
fisheries interactions and risks to protected species,
including dolphins, seabirds and sharks, benthic impacts,
and fish bycatch for the improved protection of biodiversity.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 21Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 5: Mātauranga Māori is an integral part of biodiversity research
and management.
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Facilitate the application of ecosystem research within a DOC Ongoing 5.1
mātauranga Māori framework.
It is emerging practice to integrate mātauranga Māori into Regional, Ongoing 5.1
policies, plans and actions. unitary
and district
councils
SEMP network – Agencies to provide for mātauranga Māori DOC, MPI End of 2024 5.1
through the practice of wānanga for any marine reserves
progressed as directed by the Minister of Conservation.
Ensure that the Kauri Disease (Phytophthora agathidicida) MPI OIC in 2022 5.1
National Pest Management Plan recognises and supports
the use and application of mātauranga Māori in the fight
against the spread of the pathogen and the disease.
Ensure that Sustainable Food and Fibre Futures projects MPI TBC 4.5, 5.1
contribute towards biodiversity goals 4.5 and 5.1.
Work is undertaken with certain iwi to incorporate mātauranga Toitū te Ongoing 5.1, 5.2
Māori into environmental monitoring tools and biosecurity Whenua LINZ
solutions for Toitū te Whenua LINZ-managed land.
Supported through Jobs for Nature funding
Support whānau, hapū and iwi to preserve their traditional NWR Ongoing 5.1, 5.2
Māori knowledge and practice so that their tikanga, stories
and history associated with Papatūānuku (Earth mother)
and te Taiao are not forgotten.
Ensure effective engagement with Māori landowners to NWR Ongoing 5.1, 5.2
better understand their aspirations and goals for natural
and cultural heritage. This will ensure that the use of
Māori knowledge is integral in biodiversity research and
management mahi (work) at place.
22 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
The Māori/Crown partnership of Te Pae Tawhiti relates to Te Puni Kōkiri 2026 5.1, 5.2,
the protection, promotion and preservation of taonga and 5.3
mātauranga Māori. Current work streams that support
objective 5 focus on establishing relationships and
structures to enable engagement between Māori and
the Crown; and developing and strengthening the
necessary policy frameworks to protect and develop
mātauranga Māori.
Mātauranga Māori is a core component of key MfE Ongoing 5.1, 5.2,
National Direction. 5.3
The National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management
2020 (NPS-FM) explicitly requires the consideration of
Mātauranga Māori as part of giving effect to Te Mana o
te Wai:
(a) enable the application of a diversity of systems of
values and knowledge, such as mātauranga Māori,
to the management of freshwater; and
(b) adopt an integrated approach, ki uta ki tai, to the
management of freshwater (see clause 3.5).
Ensure that mātauranga Māori and Treaty obligations are MPI Nov 2022, 5.1, 5.3
fully recognised across fisheries and marine biodiversity ongoing
research planning frameworks through Iwi Forums giving
effect to Te Mana o te Wai.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 23Tūāpapa – getting the system right
Objective 6: Aotearoa New Zealand is making a meaningful contribution to
biodiversity globally.
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Fund, through MFAT, global and Pacific agencies that MFAT Ongoing 6.3
deliver biodiversity-related projects (eg the Global
Environment Facility, the Secretariat of the Pacific
Regional Environment Programme, the Pacific Community
and the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency) and
support projects that ensure Pacific natural resources are
managed for ecosystem protection and maintenance.
Existing council biodiversity programmes contribute to Regional, Ongoing 6.1
national and international progress. unitary and
district councils
Contribute to the post-2020 global biodiversity framework MFAT/DOC May 2022 6.1
to help advance domestic and international ambition and
monitoring and reporting.
Regulate the international trade in plants and animals DOC Ongoing 6.1
to contribute to ensuring their survival in the wild in
accordance with the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and support
its implementation in the Pacific region.
Develop and implement an International Seabird Strategy DOC Ongoing 6.1, 6.2,
by engaging with whānau, hapū and iwi and participating in 6.3
key international fora for the conservation of seabirds.
Contribute to global recognition and protection of natural DOC Ongoing 6.1, 6.2,
and cultural heritage for future generations through DOC’s 6.3
work under the World Heritage and Ramsar conventions.
Fully engage in positive international biodiversity outcomes MPI Ongoing 6.1, 6.3
for the High Seas and South Pacific Regional Fisheries
Management Organisation, Pacific Islands, and Antarctica.
Routinely add data collected through MPI-funded marine MPI Ongoing 6.3
biodiversity projects to international databases.
Our systems for prioritising threatened species work are DOC Ongoing 6.3
being used by others (eg the New South Wales State
Government Saving our Species programme).
Achieving biodiversity outcomes on private land to help MfE TBC 6.1
address impacts of land-use changes on terrestrial,
freshwater, and marine ecosystems where they extend
beyond public conservation lands and waters, supported by
the work already undertaken to develop a National Policy
Statement for Indigenous Biodiversity
24 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanTūāpapa – getting the system right
Mike Aviss (DOC) releasing an orange-fronted kākāriki on Blumine
Island / Ōruawairua. Photo: Sabine Bernert
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 25Whakahau – empowering action
Whakahau – empowering action
Objective 7: All New Zealanders have the skills, knowledge and capability to be effective.
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Existing biodiversity and biosecurity education projects/ Regional, Ongoing 7.1
campaigns include Weedbusters, the Kauri Dieback unitary
Programme, Check, Clean, Dry, and Enviroschools. Local and district
regional biodiversity initiatives are provided through councils
community groups/education providers. Education is
carried out as required in regional pest management
plans. Education is provided to private landowners and
community groups through active project management.
Improve the communication of scientific results arising MPI Ongoing 7.1
from projects commissioned by Fisheries New Zealand
to non-technical audiences through web tools, synthesis
reports, infographics and plain English report cards.
Incorporate learning that is important for respecting and MoE Q1 2024 7.1, 7.2
caring for Te Mana o te Taiao as part of the refresh of the
national curriculum for schooling (the New Zealand
Curriculum and Te Marautanga o Aotearoa) and changes
to the National Certificate of Educational Achievement
(NCEA). This includes mana ōrite mō te mātauranga Māori.
Provide curriculum resources that help early learning MoE Q4 2025 7.1, 7.2
services, schools and kura work in partnership with (also
communities and mana whenua to provide teaching supports
and learning that connects to local environments and 8.2)
supports ākonga progress in learning that matters for
Te Mana o te Taiao.
Engage with the Workforce Development Councils so DOC Ongoing 7.1, 7.2
that they can respond to skill needs relating to biodiversity.
This will include leading planning and setting skill
standards for incorporation into the education and
training offered by providers.
Create new skilled workforces for conservation career DOC 2024 7.2 (also
pathways through the Jobs for Nature programme. supports
9.3)
Incorporate training and skills development in every Jobs DOC 2024 7.2
for Nature funded project.
26 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanWhakahau – empowering action
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Provide training, skills development and business NWR Established 7.2
support with all tangata whenua employment and ongoing
opportunities at place. for the term
of the NWR
kawenata
Work on gaps and future needs, training, capacity building, Regional TBC 7.2
job creation, etc has been completed in some regions for and unitary
Jobs for Nature, based on post-COVID-19 job losses, but still councils
requires further in-depth analysis.
Conduct research into who our visitors are and what they DOC Ongoing 7.3
are wanting when visiting public conservation land and
waters helps DOC to plan visitor investment priorities for
operational and capital expenditure, to both maintain the
current visitor network and expand in the right places.
Conservation community group research is underway on Regional Ongoing 7.3
societal values around nature. DOC / regional council social and unitary
science research is also underway. councils
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 27Whakahau – empowering action
Objective 8: Resourcing and support are enabling connected, active guardians of nature.
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Resource employment and tools for whānau and/or NWR Fund Ongoing 8.1
hapū through 5-year management plans or
annual work programmes and during protection
agreement negotiations.
Increased funding for NWR through Jobs for Nature DOC Ongoing 8.1
enables more Māori land to be protected through kawenta.
Some funding is provided by regional councils to support Regional Ongoing 8.1
iwi, hapū and whānau projects and work (eg nurseries, and unitary
landscape-scale restoration). councils
Allocate Jobs for Nature funding to community and iwi-led DOC 2024 8.1, 8.3
projects tackling kauri dieback and myrtle rust issues.
Funding and support for landowners, iwi and hapū, and Regional, Ongoing 8.2
communities to carry out fencing, pest management unitary
and biodiversity restoration. Training and engagement, and district
management plans, and workshops. councils
Continue to support community-led conservation projects DOC Ongoing 8.2
on public and private land through the DOC Community
Fund – Pūtea Tautiaki Hapori.
Continue to implement the Environmental Protection EPA Ongoing 8.2, 8.3
Authority’s (EPA’s) local community environmental DNA
(eDNA) initiative Wai Tūwhera o te Taiao | Open waters
Aotearoa to promote the connection of communities with
science, biodiversity and their local environment.
28 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanWhakahau – empowering action
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
MfE contributes to or delivers on a number of key initiatives MfE Ongoing 8.2, 8.3,
to ensure sustainable outcomes across Aotearoa New 8.4
Zealand’s environment, including:
MPI, MfE,
• Jobs for Nature – the Jobs for Nature programme aims to DOC
support Aotearoa New Zealand’s economic recovery from
COVID-19 by delivering nature-based employment
MfE, MPI
• waste disposal levy – progressively increasing and
expanding. Revenue gathered will be used for initiatives
to reduce waste and encourage resource efficiency
• He Waka Eke Noa – Primary Sector Climate Action
Partnership – this is a partnership between government
and primary sector organisations to equip farmers and
growers with the knowledge, tools and support they need
to reduce emissions and adapt to a changing climate.
The partners are working together to equip farmers
to measure, manage and reduce on-farm agricultural
greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change
to enable sustainable food and fibre production for
future generations.
Continue to help private landowners, local government, DOC Ongoing 8.3, 8.4
community groups and others to protect high-value
ecosystems through the Nature Heritage Fund.
Many district and regional councils support community Regional, Ongoing 8.3, 8.4
groups and landowners through funding assistance and unitary
contestable grants, facilitation, and the provision of advice. and district
The scale of council support varies between councils due to councils
resource and budget constraints.
Continue Matariki Tu Rākau funding for memorial tree MPI Ongoing 8.3
planting (part of the One Billion Trees Programme), which
is helping people to plant living memorials that honour
members of their communities who have made practical
changes through their efforts, brought distinction to
Aotearoa New Zealand through their work and/or enhanced
Aotearoa New Zealand's reputation in their area or activity.
Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan 29Whakahau – empowering action
Action Lead agency Achieve by 2025
goal(s)
Continue to help community-led projects to deliver DOC 2024 8.3
conservation benefits through the Jobs for Nature
community conservation fund.
Continue to enable ecosystem restoration and legal DOC 2024 8.3
protection via QEII covenants through Jobs for
Nature funding.
Use the integrated farm planning (IFP) framework to MPI Fund open to 8.3, 8.4
integrate minimum regulatory requirements and good applications
practice (including biodiversity) with regulated farm in 2022
planning requirements such as freshwater farm plans. Career
IFP work streams that support the strategy include: pathway
scheme
• the development of resources and tools to support
to launch
farmers and growers to increase their uptake of IFP,
in 2022
including development of a biodiversity module
• the PreSeed Accelerator Fund, which will provide
funding to industry, Māori, regional and community
groups, and catchment initiatives to accelerate, scale
up or modify existing farm planning programmes or
activities to better align with IFP
• a career pathway scheme to increase the number and
diversity of advisers capable of providing whole-of system
advice (including biodiversity) to farmers and growers.
Councils support and, where appropriate, incentivise Regional, Ongoing 8.4
landowners, businesses, resource users/owners and unitary
industry to protect and restore indigenous biodiversity. and district
councils
Explore a range of tools, products, services and financial MfE TBC 8.4 (also
incentives for positive biodiversity outcomes with the supports
goal of identifying incentive mechanism(s) to pilot across 3.2 and
different sectors. 8.2)
Resource groups of landowners to protect and restore DOC 2024 8.4
biodiversity on private land through the Jobs for Nature
private land biodiversity fund.
30 Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy Implementation PlanYou can also read
