THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
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THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
2020
Situated in the heart
of the Lachlan
Valley, Forbes is
regarded as one of
the richest primary
producing areas in
the state.
2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 1
Let’s create
a future for
Forbes we can
call “amazing.”
A MESSAGE FROM THE
Mayor
As you know I am very proud to be a our rich history, our beautiful waterways
part of this amazing Shire of Forbes and and our commitment to agriculture and
I am sure the next twenty years will be a business.
wonderful time of opportunity for Forbes
Shire. Forbes has so much to offer; lifestyle,
diverse housing, activities for the family
In the future, I see a dynamic and and a strong sense of spirit. Our residents
productive shire and a place that enables love it here and the priorities set out in this
its community to thrive. I am pleased to document aim to celebrate and grow what
present the Forbes Shire Local Strategic makes us great.
Planning Statement (LSPS), which will
provide a clear long term vision to guide I encourage you all who live, work and do
the Shire as it evolves in the years to come. business in Forbes to read the LSPS to find
out how we can grow our community
We are a growing population and a and accommodate everyone’s needs and
number of large developments nearing priorities. Let’s create a future for Forbes we
completion are due to speed up this can call “amazing.”
growth even further. Our planning
decisions need to best accommodate this Phyllis Miller OAM, Mayor of Forbes
growth yet celebrate our unique character
and identity. While many aspects of the
Shire are changing, I am mindful of the
things about Forbes we want to remain –
2 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
About the Plan
Development
The Forbes Local Strategic Planning
Statement sets out a 20-year land use
Legislative and
Control
Plan vision and planning priorities for the future policy context
of our area to: This LSPS has been prepared in accordance
with clause 3.9 of the Environmental
• Manage future growth, new
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (the
Local technology, and changing community
EP&A Act) which requires that it includes
Environmental needs;
Plan or identifies the following:
• Conserve our heritage, local character,
and environment; a. The basis for strategic planning in the
• Support our diverse economy and area, having regard to economic, social
Local all our industries such as agriculture, and environmental matters;
Community
Strategic
Strategic manufacturing, mining, retail, education
Planning b. The planning priorities for the area that
Plan and health;
Statement are consistent with any strategic plan
• Link the community’s strategic vision
applying to the area, including the
to that of the region and the state to
Community Strategic Plan;
achieve the best economic and social
outcome for Forbes. c. The actions required for achieving those
District planning priorities;
Plan The LSPS does not set land use zonings or
d. The basis on which the Council
other planning controls. The LSPS outlines
is to monitor and report on the
what we want our planning controls to
implementation of those actions
achieve – now and into the future. Having
Regional a clear vision will help us all work together The LSPS brings together and builds on
Plan to ensure we achieve the future we want. It planning work found in council’s other
sets the objectives of development in Forbes plans, studies and strategies such as the
to ensure we maintain our quality of life, Forbes Local Environmental Plan 2013
heritage and local character, stunning (LEP), Forbes Development Control Plan
main-street and our rich natural environment. 2013 (DCP), Growth Management Strategy
2009, Agricultural Strategy 2018- 2030,
2018 Draft Forbes Flood Study and the
Community Strategic Plan. The LSPS will be
used to inform these and future strategies
align with the future strategic direction set
out in this plan.
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 3
A MESSAGE FROM THE
General Manager
The Local Strategic Planning This plan of course does not stand alone.
Statement (LSPS) is a critical The feedback we have received from
community engagement through the
document for our Shire, ensuring Community Strategic Plan, Community
a clear vision of the future for reference panel, CBD Masterplan
Forbes and our neighbouring development and the Agriculture Strategy
communities. has informed us of the critical aspects
our community wants to incorporate
Council has worked hard to ensure the into future plans. As with all planning
LSPS focuses on what truly matters most documents, we recognise the LSPS must
to our community including protecting be flexible and as Council we must ensure
our environment, better transport options our plan can adapt to change.
and jobs close to home. The plan outlines
a collaborative and coordinated way in Council will confidently lead the way,
which the shire can work with all levels of meeting the outcomes of this strategic
government to deliver key projects that roadmap for the future. We will work
will really drive our shire forward. collaboratively with the community to
ensure that land use decisions made within
We have seen recent developments such the remit of the LSPS are a good fit for the
as those undertaken at the Central West community, business and our lifestyle.
Livestock Exchange and the Homemakers
Steve Loane, General Manager
Centre really transform our town. The
Lake Forbes Activation Plan and its
implementation will also drive economic
and recreational opportunities.
4 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Our place in the
Central West
Forbes Local Government Area (LGA) is and encapsulates our unique character
located in Central West of NSW in Wiradjuri with buildings and independent stores
country on the banks of the Lachlan River. and boutiques. In 2018 the retail sector in
Forbes Shire covers 4,720 square kilometres, Forbes recorded annual growth rates of
from Tichborne in the north, Ootha to the 7.9% in total output despite drought and
west, Pinnacle to the south and Eugowra other impacts on the economy.
to the east. The Forbes LGA consists of the
main township of Forbes and a number Forbes is supported by health services
such as Forbes District Hospital, dental
of smaller localities namely Bedgerabong,
Garema, Wirrinya, Corinella, Warroo and services alternative therapy and optometry With a lively calendar,
Ootha and neighbours the LGAs of Parkes, and hosts a number of private, public
and boarding schools drawing students
Forbes is quickly
Lachlan, Bland, Weddin, Cowra and
Cabonne. Forbes and Parkes have a unique from across the region. It has a full range becoming to be known
relationship with shared facilities and many of sports for all ages and seasons, from as the event destination
residents travelling between the towns
for employment, health, education and
swimming and equestrian to netball
and croquet and all football sports, and
of the Central West.
recreational opportunities. This is a positive regularly hosts both National and World
relationship that can be built on to ensure Hang Gliding Championship events. These
the continued growth of both towns. are supported by a number of facilities
including an outdoor and indoor heated
Forbes is positioned on the Lachlan River, pool, heritage tennis courts and a range
which is the centre of the shires diverse of football and netball courts as well as
Map 01: Map of Shire and neighbouring
lifestyle and the foundation for our primary the Lake Forbes Walking Trail. All of these
Councils in Central West NSW
industry sector supported by the Central facilities underpin a healthy lifestyle.
West Livestock Exchange. The primary
industry sector is an important part of the With a lively calendar, Forbes is quickly
Shire’s economy, with Forbes contributing becoming to be known as the event
$97m of Gross Regional Product from destination of the Central West. Forbes
this sector and accounting for 18% of various art and music events such as
employment in the Shire. ForbesParkesis well the Vanfest, Elvis Festival satellite events,
Parkes
Lachlan
placed as a central location to major Kalari Lachlan River Arts Festival, Grazing Lachlan
regional employers such as Moxey’s Dairy Down the Lachlan, Frost and Fire and the
Cabonne Cabonne
Farm, Red Bend Catholic College, Parkes
Forbes Forbes Eisteddfod as well as a number Forbes
Transport for NSW Regional Office, the of community events such as the Forbes
Cowra Farmers Market, Australia Day Festival and Cowra
Catholic EducationBland
office and various
Weddin mines Bland Weddin
including North Parkes, Evolution and the the Heritage Festival. Forbes is a safe place
future Sunrise Mine. to live with a strong sense of community Hilltops
Hilltops
with over 90 social clubs and associations
Forbes has a lively town centre that takes including five service clubs and an active
pride in supporting local businesses. business chamber.
The historic town centre and public art
exhibited throughout the Shire draws
visitors from across the region and beyond,
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 5
6 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Map 02: Forbes Township
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 7
Map 03: Main Transport Routes through Forbes Shire
Bogan Gate
Ootha
Monomie Parkes
PAR KE S
Tichborne
Y
HW
LA
CH L
EL
LA
W
N
RI
NE
VE
R
LACHLAN Forbes
FORBES
Y
HW
Burcher EL
L
NE
W Mulyandry
Garema
Boongarry
Wirrinya WEDDIN
Yarralea
Marsden
8 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Map 04: Forbes Shire in Context with NSW
Tweed
Heads
TO BRISBANE
Boggabila
Ballina
Tenterfield
Moree
Armidale
Tamworth
Coonabarabran
Cobar Nyngan
Wilcannia
Broken
Hill
Dubbo
NEWCASTLE
Forbes Orange
Lithgow
Cowra Katoomba
SYDNEY
Young
Hay WOLLONGONG
Balranald
Narrandera Yass
Goulburn
Wagga Gundagai
Wagga
CANBERRA
NEWELL HIGHWAY
Finley
GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY
HUME HIGHWAY
Albury
TO MELBOURNE
BegaTHE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 9 Map 05: Lake Forbes Activation Precinct
10 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Our Opportunities
Forbes is growing. The Over the next two decades, it is likely Special Activation Precinct
Department of Planning, that there will be a change in the
A key goal of the LSPS is preparing
economic conditions of Forbes which
Infrastructure and Environment is may see growth beyond what is currently
for Forbes’ response to the growth
predicting a 5% growth over the predicted. This is likely driven by the
anticipated as a result of the Parkes
next 20 years. The Shire needs National Logistics Hub - Special
following factors:
Activation Precinct (SAP). The SAP is 600
to be prepared for this growth hectares of land poised for significant
1. The projected growth in key agricultural
and the Local Strategic Planning exports from the region to major development to support investors in
Statement aims to ensure the growth markets such as parts of Asia leveraging off the inland rail upgrades
community has a long term will be a key economic driver for the which will give quick rail access to most
region. freight ports in Australia in less than
vision of what this growth
2. The Parkes National Logistics Hub a day. The Special Activation Precinct
will look like and how to best Special Activation Precinct will support will be a significant employment and
capitalise on this opportunity. growth in various industries which are economic driver for the area and Forbes
dependent upon transport connections is well positioned to accommodate a
to regional towns, ports and airports. large portion of this growth being
3. The Central West Livestock Exchange 25 kilometres from the Newell Highway
will expand and grow as the from the SAP.
abovementioned changes take place,
increasing employment and the
agricultural industry in the Shire.
4. The ageing of the Australian population
is expected to increase tourism
growth into the Shire, benefited by our
position on the Newell Highway and
the Somewhere Down the Lachlan
Sculpture Trail.
5. Several large State Significant
developments such as the Expansion
of North Parkes Mine and Lake Cowal
Mine, development of the new mine
at Fifield, and the increasing viability of
Solar Farms.
6. A substantial expansion of Moxey’s
Dairy Farm making it the largest single-
site dairy operation in the Southern
Hemisphere.
As a result of these changes, expenditure
within the region is expected to grow in
turn resulting in an increasing population
and lowering unemployment rate in Forbes.THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 11
OUR TOP 5
WHAT WE DO
WORKFORCE BREAKDOWN
Forbes Dec 2017
Managers Professionals
22.06% 20.44%
Sales Workers Community &
$266,000*
Median house prices
12.48% Personal Service
Workers
Labourers
11.67%
12.22%
$250 *
WHERE WE WORK Median rental
WORKFORCE BREAKDOWN *realestate.com – May 2018
Forbes Dec 2017
Sheep, Grains, Retail Trade
Beef & Dairy
Cattle 11.90%
17.41% Residential BUSINESSES IN FORBES
Care & Social
Education & Assistance BUSINESS COUNT
Training Services
11.40% 7.24% Agricultural, Construction
Forestry &
Fishing 13.58%
Health Care
Services 17.45%
5.59% Rental Hiring
Financial & & Real Estate
Insurance Services
Services
7.09%
11.15%
Professional,
Scientific &
Technical Services
6.18%
*data – REMPLAN June 201812 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Our Community
FORBES
TOP 5
9,844 OUTPUT BY
Total Population
INDUSTRY
3,991 $243.3M
Total employed
Agriculture, Forestry
& Fishing
0.020
Census
Population
$173.1M
Manufacturing
Density
(persons / ha)
$143.3M
51.31% Construction
Working age
population (15-59)
$108.6M
Rental, Hiring & Real Estate
3.01% Unemployment rate
1,681
54.6% Labour force
participation rate
$63.0M
Health Care & Social
Assistance
Development *ABS and REMPLAN Data
applications submitted June 2016
over the last 10 years.
Worth in excess of
$342 million were
lodged with Forbes
471,012.8 Shire Council.
717
Land area (ha)
Number of
businesses
$148.947 $61.992 $594.446 $1.262
Per Worker Per Capita Gross Regional Per Hectare
Gross Gross Gross
Product ($M)
Regional Regional Regional
Product ($’000): Product ($’000) Product ($’000) 65.5%
Home ownershipTHE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 13
13 SPORT
GROUNDS
46 SPORTING
GROUPS
32 COMMUNITY
GROUPS
14 SCHOOLS
AND EARLY
CHILDHOOD
CENTRES
65%
AGED UNDER FARMLAND
55 YEARS OLD (Based on rate category)
4292.14 SQ.KM
7
PARKS &
PLAYGROUNDS
BUSINESS
LAND
WATER FEATURE (Based on rate category)
CORRIDOR 10.048 SQ.KM
39.866SQ. KM
CROWN LAND
RESERVE
1.991 SQ.KM
RESIDENTIAL
State Forest
LAND
Parks and (Based on rate category)
Open Space 99.161 SQ KM 27.649 SQ. KM
1.991 SQ.KM
(in Forbes only)14 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 15
Our Vision
In 2040, Forbes will be the residential strong as we have supported our main
location of choice in the Central West
because of its thriving town centre,
industries and the key freight routes they
rely on. Our agricultural land is preserved
Achieving our vision
recreational opportunities and diverse and respected. Forbes will continue to
economy. It will leverage its position on be a strong contributor to the national Implementation
the Newell Highway and Lachlan River to economy via the Central West Livestock To achieve the 20 year vision for Forbes
be a key agricultural and manufacturing Exchange, a strong Manufacturing and Shire, Council has identified 12 Planning
hub while preserving and respecting the Agricultural economy, the booming Solar Priorities to indicate the focus of future
natural environment and our heritage. Farm industry and supporting mines in strategic planning work within the Forbes
neighbouring Shire’s. Shire. These are based upon four themes,
The Forbes Town Centre will be the being Our Lifestyle and Community, Our
business and lifestyle centre of the Shire. Forbes Shire Council will lead the way into Local Economy, Our Infrastructure and
A variety of businesses, restaurants and our progressive future by facilitating this Growth, Our Environment and Heritage.
services will be thriving and supported by vision. Council works collaboratively with
a vibrant town centre that takes advantage the community, agencies and key interest These Planning Priorities will be
of smart infrastructure such as Free WiFi groups to ensure that when change delivered through a number of Actions
and digital creative art programs. The occurs it is a good fit for our local area, listed within this plan. These may
historic buildings and laneways are utilized our lifestyle and the vision for Forbes include researching different issues,
for cafes, restaurants and markets, which encapsulated in this plan. implementing specific projects or
attracts tourists interested in the Shire’s rich preparing strategies. The LSPS may also
history. The lake is a lively recreational area influence amendments to the Forbes
for families with marque facilities and art Local Environmental Plan or the Forbes
and lifestyle installations drawing visitors
from across the region.
The historic Development Control Plan 2013.
buildings and Monitoring and Reporting
Residential areas will enjoy strong growth
while being mindful of environmental laneways are utilized Council will monitor and report on the
constraints. A wide range of housing for cafes, restaurants implementation of the actions to ensure
options are available to meet the
varying needs of a diverse population.
and markets, which that the planning priorities are being
achieved. The Environmental Planning
New residential areas are supported by attracts tourists and Assessment Act states that the LSPS
community services and things to do
within walking distance. People want
interested in the should be reviewed at least every 7 years.
to live in Forbes because of the lifestyle Shire’s rich history. Council intends to however, as much as
possible, align the review of the LSPS to
available to its residents. We will have other periods of review, such as:
a strong art and festival calendar with a
world class Sculpture Trail, new Art Gallery • Review of Forbes’ Local Environmental
and strong links with Wiradjuri Culture. Plan and Development Control Plan
Forbes also has upgraded sporting (every 5 years); and
facilities to enable the attraction of • Forbes Shire Community Strategic
the top sporting events. Plan review (every 4 years) and
annual reporting.
Forbes position on the Newell Highway
and its proximity to the Parkes National Regular reviews will ensure that the LSPS
Logistics Hub Special Activation Precinct reflects the vision the community has
supports a diverse industrial and for the future of Forbes and is aligned
commercial economy. Employment to the latest trends and information
and population growth has remained available about the environment and the
community’s social and economic needs.16 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 17
Our Themes & Planning Priorities
Four related themes make up the The planning priorities will be
community’s vision for land use delivered through strategies to
within the Forbes Shire Council: guide land use decisions and
our lifestyle and community, our actions to be undertaken by
local economy, our infrastructure Forbes Shire Council over the
and growth and our environment. next 20 years.
These four themes will be
monitored against identified
actions and measures and
implemented through the
12 planning priorities.
LC1 LC2 LC3
Our Lifestyle
and Community
Our Our Community Our Education
Neighbourhoods and Culture and Health
LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4
Our Local
Economy
Our Agriculture Our Industries Our Town Centre Our Tourism
IG1 IG2 IG3
Our Infrastructure
and Growth
Our Our Water
Infrastructure Our Transport Responsibilities
EH1 EH2
Our Environment
and Heritage
Our Heritage
Our Resilience and Biodiversity18 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 19
Our Neighbourhoods
Deliver healthy, diverse and liveable neighbourhoods
Forbes supports the lifestyle of people North Forbes is anticipated to cater for the
of all capabilities and ages, allowing all vast majority of growing housing needs
residents to participate in community life
Actions
into the future. Council acknowledges that
and live in health and comfort. Housing choosing residential growth options is a • Prepare a Housing Strategy
will be designed and planned to suit the complex process, and there has been great that identifies future residential
character of Forbes and future housing community interest in planning decisions growth areas, plans land releases
development should balance desirable in South Forbes and Lower Bathurst Street and proposes strategies to
places to live with environmental in the recent years. The Housing Strategy manage required infrastructure
constraints. It should protect agricultural will look into the views of the community upgrades and environmental
uses and be close to services and lifestyle constraints such as flooding and
and the environmental constraints of
groundwater vulnerability;
opportunities and housing options should these areas to identify the best land use
be diverse and abundant to ensure there is controls possible. There are currently areas • Investigate any barriers to the
supply of varied housing types
enough housing for all residents. of land zoned for Primary Production
and amend land use controls if
that in practice are used for either Small
To grow a healthy and liveable community, necessary;
Lot Primary Production or Large Lot
new land releases should consider • Investigate land use controls that
Residential type uses. These areas should
functionality, character and connectivity support infill development and
be considered for possible rezonings that
to the services people need and want implement as necessary;
suit the needs of residents.
to live near. Incorporating the right • Rezone land as appropriate to
balance of housing types, open space and Forbes acknowledges that identifying support residential growth and
services assists in achieving good levels future land release areas is a complex future land releases.
of liveability which will be important in process with many varying factors. The
developing Forbes as the lifestyle precinct Shire’s most valuable environmental
of the Lachlan Region. To ensure that a asset, the Lachlan River, is what makes
range of accommodation options are Forbes a great place to live and Council
available to suit the diverse needs and acknowledges that residential land within
income levels of our community land use
controls should continue to encourage
proximity to the Lachlan River is highly
desirable. This land however is often
Forbes supports the
infill development and renewal of older constrained by flood liability, reactive lifestyle of people
dwellings is easily accessible and a diverse
range of housing options can be achieved
soils and groundwater vulnerability. The
Shire will work with the community and
of all capabilities
and catered for. stakeholders to ensure residential growth and ages, allowing all
The Forbes Housing Strategy will outline
occurs in desirable areas while balancing
environmental constraints.
residents to participate
where new residential opportunities in community life
should be located and identifies the
investigations needed for longer-term
and live in health
housing outcomes. It will determine and comfort.
the best approach in balancing housing
demand and environmental constraints.20 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
Map 06: Residential development options
RESIDENTIAL
INVESTIGATION
AREA
ENCOURAGE INFILL
DEVELOPMENT
MAINTAIN VIBRANT
TOWN CENTRE
LVV: INVESTIGATION
MIXED USE
PRESERVE LOCAL
CHARACTER
INVESTIGATION AREA
LIMITED DEVELOPMENT
IN FLOODWAY
INVESTIGATION AREA
RESOLVE DEFERRED
AREA LEPTHE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 21
22 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 23
Our Community & Lifestyle
Improve community facilities to support a diverse lifestyle
The community and cultural infrastructure To support the diverse age range in our
of Forbes consists of a diverse range of growing population, Council should
open space networks and community
Actions
investigate, identify and plan new facilities
facilities, with the centre of the township and services that support all ages such • Prepare a Sports and Recreation
being Lake Forbes and the historic town as multipurpose community centres, Strategy and establish function
centre and streetscapes. The Shire is also public transport in collaboration with and use for the existing sporting
home to a variety of village halls and sports neighbouring Councils, and conduct and recreational open space
grounds, also vital in the resilience and events and activities catering to a wide and to capitalise on future
development of the shire. demographic. Also critical to consider opportunities;
within the provision of facilities, events • Implement the Lake Forbes
Over the next 20 years the demographics and infrastructure is the proportion Activation Plan;
of Forbes will grow in the 5-9 years, 20- of residents from diverse cultural • Investigate and rezone land for
29 years and the 60+ age groups. This backgrounds and those with disability. high quality recreational spaces
indicates that Council will need to It is essential that in councils planning and move away from “pocket
ensure adequate facilities are available and project implementation that all park” green infrastructure;
for children, parents and older residents facilities and services are accessible to the • Amend the Forbes Development
as a priority. entire community by working with key Control Plan to integrate cultural
stakeholder groups such as Aboriginal infrastructure planning within
The Forbes Community Strategic Plan land use and master planning;
(CSP) identifies that young people need Communities and other interest groups.
and
a range of locally based age- appropriate Council should also look at improving and • Implement and maintain the
activities, services and facilities to ensure upgrading existing facilities. Improvements Disability Inclusion Action Plan
overall wellbeing. This investment is could be made to the Public Library which and Pedestrian Access and
essential for the attraction and retention will grow the relationship the community Mobility Plan.
of young people and young families to has to the facility, and the Town Hall
Forbes and will ensure that the community has the ability to be reinvigorated as a
maintains its vibrancy and energy and is function centre. The town pool could be
able to grow and develop economically. investigated for a new Indoor/Outdoor
This investment needs to continue not
just in the township of Forbes but also in
heated pool facility which would be
utilised by residents of the entire region.
Improving the cultural
outlying village areas. Improving the cultural and community and community
The over 60 age demographic has the services for the diverse community of
Forbes will also attract and retain people
services for the diverse
potential to contribute greatly to the
economy of Forbes and that of the state as to the Forbes Shire and achieve the vision community of Forbes
tourists travelling primarily by road seeking of becoming the lifestyle precinct of the will also attract and
out experiences in small towns. The Shire Lachlan Region.
retain people to the
is able to accommodate this age group
as travellers and as residents through the Forbes Shire...
provision of activities and events as well
as appropriate community, health and
cultural services to ensure that they are
cared for and are able to live comfortably
within the Forbes Shire and if possible
age in place.24 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 25
Our Health & Education
Priority: Identify, maintain and improve health and education
services to support the needs of the community
Health pharmacies, natural medicine and remedial to support the growing economy is
therapy. Investigations should take place identified as a priority in the Forbes
Supportive services in the form of health
to expand the Forbes Hospital and include Agriculture Strategy 2018-2030.
and education are key elements of
and expand specialist services such as
achieving the 20 year vision for Forbes. To retain people within the Forbes LGA
Renal, Maternity and Imaging.
Health and education are important seeking higher education opportunities
components as these services are the Collectively the health precinct, supportive will require providing facilities and
backbone of the economy, community services and the Jemalong Residential infrastructure to online learning for
and are vital to the retention of the Village provide the health care network universities, improvement of TAFE facilities,
diverse demographics within Forbes. Most for the Forbes Local Government Area identification of skills gaps and to work
importantly, providing and enhancing and provides health services to a wider with TAFE NSW and universities to provide
health and education will support the catchment area. The extent of the joint-partnerships within the Forbes Local
growth of a town, city or region. catchment is currently unknown and Government Area.
needs to be investigated. The current
The area surrounding Forbes District
challenges that for the provision of
Hospital has organically become the health
health relate to the retention of staff,
precinct of Forbes with services such as
accommodation for locum staff and Actions
Forbes Medical Centre, Jemalong Regional
maintaining health services.
Education Centre (JREC), ambulance • Collaborate with NSW Health
station and the Aboriginal Medical Service and NSW TAFE to identify what
Yoorana Gunya. The growth of the health Education health and education services are
precinct is vital as the population of Forbes needed to support the growth of
Forbes provides education services
ages’ over time. Beyond the health are a the community.
to support the community from early
number of health and allied health services • Investigate existing public
childhood to adult education. There are
which include additional medical facilities, and private infrastructure that
currently five childcare and preschool
two dental practices, Jemalong Retirement can provide accommodation
centres, four primary schools, two high
Village, chiropractic services, optometrists, for health and education
schools, TAFE campus and the Forbes
professionals and implement a
College for Seniors. The Forbes Library and strategy to ensure this is provided
Forbes Bus lines support the education
Map 07: Forbes Health Precinct • Investigate formalizing the Health
sector within Forbes.
Precinct within the DCP and LEP.
The future economic drivers of the • Work with relevant stakeholders
National Logistics Hub (SAP), Inland Rail, to deliver joint-venture
FLINT ST
mining, freight and logistics, diversification opportunities for shared
of agricultural sector and increasing community and school facilities
OXFORD ST
renewable energy projects will continue on school sites, including
CHURCH ST
sporting fields, amenities,
to lead to skills shortage within Forbes
parking, community halls, child
REGENT ST
and the wider Lachlan Region. It is vital to
ELGIN LN
care, arts and library facilities
have a skilled workforce to accommodate
BERKLEY ST
the future economic growth. The growing
BERKLEY ST
need to provide and retain skilled workers
FLINT LN
HILL ST26 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 27
Our Agriculture
Protect and support the growing diversification of the
agricultural sector
Forbes is in a prime position to support To support growth, diversification and
a diversifying and growing agricultural flexibility for the agricultural sector
sector due to its strategic location on the
Actions
identification and protection of prime
Lachlan River and Newell Highway, as agricultural land is required to minimise • Research what diversification and
well as its proximity to the Parkes Special land use conflict, fragmentation and value-adding opportunities looks
Activation Precinct. It is considered one of encroachment of incompatible land uses. like for Forbes and consult with
the most productive agricultural areas in Protecting this land within the Forbes stakeholders to determine how
NSW contributing $97m of Gross Regional LGA will be achieved through mapping land use controls can support
Product with the industry accounting prime agricultural land as per the Regional this. Implement changes as
for 18% of employment in the Shire. The appropriate.
Agricultural Development Strategy,
natural environmental advantages of the maintaining existing agricultural holding • Implement the actions identified
Lachlan River, alluvial soils, and ground sizes, reducing incompatible land uses, within the Forbes Agricultural
Strategy 2018-2030
water aquifers, location along the Newell improving land use conflict controls and
Highway and close proximity to the managing the interface between important • Research best practice land use
National Logistics Hub and Inland Rail set agricultural land and other land uses. controls to prevent land use
conflict, especially for important
Forbes apart from the Central West as an
Forbes Shire Council within the Forbes agricultural land. Implement LEP
agricultural powerhouse. This is evident
Agricultural Strategy 2018-2030 has and DCP controls as appropriate
by the Gross Regional Product of $97m
identified the Central West Industrial to reflect best practice and
and exportation rate of 80% of products
Park primarily for the purpose of ensure this is taken into account
produced within Forbes and exported
value-added and manufacturing when determining Development
from the Forbes LGA. Applications.
generally. Infrastructure, especially NBN,
A point of difference for the agricultural telecommunication connections, Natural
sector of Forbes is the presence of the Gas and electricity need upgrading
Central West Livestock Exchange (CWLE) and connecting to the Central West
which is a state of the art livestock saleyard Industrial Park which will require
that has the largest Sheep throughput in significant investment, grant funding and
the state and is the only saleyards with collaboration with government agencies
regular pig sales. Land Use zoning needs to ensure the services are provided to the
to ensure that Central West Livestock Central West Industrial Park. The agriculture
Exchange has room to grow, while
ensuring development immediately sector over the next
surrounding the site will not cause land 20 years will grow
use conflict. There are also value-adding
opportunities for the CWLE and Council
and diversify to meet
should continue to work with stakeholders the global demand
to identify and provide land for the co-location
of industries compatible with CWLE.
for food.
The agriculture sector over the next 20
years will grow and diversify to meet the
global demand for food. The diversification
of the agricultural sector will see the
growth in value adding, agribusiness
and improving supply chain efficiencies.28 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
CENTRAL WEST
INDUSTRIAL PARK
FUTURE INDUSTRIAL
EXPANSION OPTIONS
FUTURE SOLAR
POTENTIAL
FARM
INDUSTRIAL
SITE
LIGHT
INDUSTRIAL
SITE
SUPPORT VIBRANT
TOWN CENTRE
INVESTIGATE HEAVY VEHICLE
CONNECTION OPTIONS
FROM SOUTH EAST TO CWIP/NEWELL
HIGHWAYTHE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 29
Our Industries
Support and grow our Industries
Forbes has been identified in the Central which provide connections to the regional
West and Orana Regional Plan 2036 freight network and the Parkes Special
(Regional Plan) as a future manufacturing
Actions
Activation Precinct.
hub for the State. Forbes currently has • Ensure an adequate supply of
a strong manufacturing industry with Forbes also needs to ensure that there is suitably zoned and serviced land
HE Silo’s, Topsoil Organics, Lachlan sufficient land supply for Light Industrial uses for commercial and industrial
Commodities and Moxey’s Farm all who typically need a smaller lots than what redevelopment;
positioned within the Shire. Forbes is also is appropriate for the CWIP. This has typically • Work with landholders and
experiencing unprecedented growth been accommodated closer to town, north stakeholders to identify the best
in general and heavy industries, as well of the town centre on streets adjacent to location for the future expansion
as emerging technologies such as Solar the Newell Highway. However, this land has of the Central West Industrial
Farms and has the potential to host High quickly reached capacity and investigation Park;
Technology Industries. into future land releases will need to occur. A • Investigate how best to
future Business Park may meet the growing accommodate light industrial
The Central West Industrial Park (CWIP) need for light industrial and small scale and small scale manufacturing
is expected to accommodate the vast manufacturing and should be located in uses and rezone land as
majority of future industrial growth in close proximity to major road infrastructure appropriate;
Forbes going forward and is also well and with minimal land use conflicts. • Identify locations for future
placed to support agricultural value- large scale industries such as
adding industries such as grain milling and Our rural localities have a strong history mines and solar farms outside
fibre processing. The Forbes Agricultural of supporting Extractive Industries with of agricultural land and future
Strategy identified a need for an Abattoir multiple quarries throughout the Shire. residential growth areas.
and Cotton Gin in the Shire which could Forbes is also well placed to accommodate • Prepare a study on infrastructure
both be accommodated within the vicinity significant industrial developments upgrades required to support
of the CWIP and Central West Livestock such as Mines and Solar Farms. These expansion and use of the Central
Exchange. To support these industries, should be encouraged while protecting West Industrial Park.
especially emerging technologies, agricultural land and minimising land use
significant infrastructure upgrades will be conflict. A key inhibitor of these types of
required such as Water, Electricity, Sewer developments is the lack of housing stock
and NBN (preferably Fibre to the Premises available for itinerate workers. Council
connection). There has also been growing should investigate best practice methods
community and industry interest for an for housing temporary workers, while
Eastern Bypass to connect Orange Road encouraging proponents to engage local
directly with CWIP Council will need to employees as much as possible
work with stakeholders and land owners to
investigate the expansion of the Industrial
Park in line with the Mid-Lachlan Regional
Economic Development Strategy. This will
promote Forbes as a proactive region for
industrial and manufacturing industries.
Land immediately surrounding the CWIP
is suitable for immediate investigation
and there are also sufficient opportunities
for new Industrial Land along the Newell
Highway and the South-North Rail Corridor30 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 31
Our Town Centre
Celebrate and protect active street frontages of the town
centre while growing the retail and hospitality industries.
The Heritage town centre of Forbes is the night time economy while supporting arts
retail hub of the Shire. Located between and creative expression will entice people
Lawler Street and the Newell Highway
Actions
to visit the town centre which would
the Forbes town centre continues to otherwise be deserted on weekends • Support implementation of the
be the dominant location for retail and evenings. Land use controls that CBD Masterplan and uses that
and commercial services consisting of encourage night time uses should be maintain active street frontages;
boutique retailers, cafes, art galleries, investigated and encouraged. • Work with stakeholders and
professional services and larger chain industry experts to prepare
retailers. The local character of the Town While Forbes maintains a strong a Digital Strategy which
Centre is defined by our iconic buildings commitment to prioritising active street investigates the use of digital
such as the old Ambulance Station, the frontages in the town centre, business technology and implement
Australia Hotel building, the Vandenberg development in other areas are often programs to support patronage
appropriate due to the scale or nature of of the town centre;
Hotel, historic bank buildings and the zero
setback traditional main street design of the proposal or other potential benefits • Consult with stakeholders to
the shop fronts. This character is seen as a to the community. For example, there determine barriers to retail and
has been an expansion of bulky retail hospitality growth in the town
key feature of Forbes by our community
developments that led to the creation of centre. Implement strategies
and should be protected.
the Homemaker’s Centre on the Newell to overcome barriers and if
Retail makes up a strong proportion of Highway, while Lake Forbes has been appropriate review and update
the Forbes Economy and is growing. For utilised for cafes via mobile food vans to the Development Control Plan
example, in 2018 the retail sector in Forbes complement its recreational opportunities. and Local Environmental Plan to
recorded annual growth rates of 7.9% in support these uses; and
total output, despite drought and other Council has begun a place management • Investigate and implement Local
impacts on the economy. An important approach via the creation of the CBD Character Statements to preserve
element of the local character of the Masterplan which will grow the town the character of the town centre.
town centre are our independent retailers centre as a destination town for residents
selling unique and high quality items. and visitors to Forbes. This approach aims
Forbes must ensure that small businesses to improve the physical attractiveness
are prioritised in street facing buildings in and use opportunities of the town centre
the town centre to maintain the unique while maintaining its heritage. As part of
shopping experience that residents across this, Council should investigate how digital
the region now equate with Forbes. technology can support the local retail Retail makes
Council encourages our town’s character
through the Development Control Plan
economy as on a global level retail shifts
to a primarily online space. This could look
up a strong
that presents the heritage status of a like WiFi in the CBD, interactive online proportion
building as an opportunity via flexible information technology visitors can access
from their smart phone, and modern art
of the Forbes
controls to support their use. These
controls should be preserved. installations. A digital strategy could flesh Economy and
A night time economy encourages a
these out and identify what is best for the
Forbes town centre.
is growing.
vibrant centre and has both economic
and social benefits. This is an area that can
be grown greatly in Forbes by promoting
uses such as cafes, restaurants, pubs, bars
and entertainment premises. A vibrant32 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 33
Our Tourism
Promote and diversify the tourism economy in Forbes
The Forbes Tourism market is diverse, with especially those that accommodate RV and
both interstate travelers along the Newell Caravan parking and a strengthened food
Highway and visitors from the region taking
Actions
and beverage sector. A lack of a strong
advantage of our recreational opportunities transport connection from Sydney remains a • Develop a Central Tourist Hub in
along the lake, our diverse indigenous and strong barrier for tourism to Forbes, however the new location for the Forbes
non-indigenous heritage, art and culture clearly defined transport links from other Visitor Information Centre as
experiences and the regular smorgasbord major town centres will assist in capturing a key point for visitors which
of events held in town. Grey nomads are a the growing domestic tourism market. reflects the vibrant, unique and
key market for Forbes Shire as is the visiting creative nature of Forbes;
friends and relatives segment. Forbes has strong potential in the agri- • Work with State Government
tourism market, such as paddock to Agencies to enhance transport
Key attractions for domestic tourists in plate, farm stay accommodation and links from Sydney;
Forbes include the iconic heritage CBD, the nature based tourism. This again requires • Provide essential services for
Somewhere Down the Lachlan Sculpture development of infrastructure including tourists to encourage them
Trail, recreational opportunities on the function centres, visitor and tourist to stop and stay in the town,
Lachlan River and on and around Lake accommodation and improved controls such as a strong town centre,
Forbes as well as notorious bushranger to provide clear guidance and direction accommodation, caravan
Ben Hall’s grave site. Forbes also has an to tourism industry investors. Land use services, food and beverage
extensive calendar of events and markets zoning and development controls will providers and public amenities;
that encourage visitors to town seeking need to be updated to provide clear and
bespoke experiences and a strong local guidance and foster the growth of the • Ensure land use zonings and
produce sector. tourism sector. development controls encourage
a range of attractions and
To grow Tourism in Forbes, an increase experiences for tourists such
in the infrastructure around the visitor as events, tours, functions, art
experience is needed. The Forbes installations, unique produce and
Community Strategic Plan has identified
a need for a “Central Tourist Hub” with a
Key attractions for other activities.
• Investigate and implement the
key point of difference to bring visitors domestic tourists use of Digital Technologies to
into Forbes. Land Use Controls should
be flexible to accommodate new tourist
in Forbes include grow Tourism in Forbes.
opportunities as they arise. the iconic
Forbes has the potential to become a
heritage CBD,
unique event destination in the Central the Somewhere
West, with regular events and activities
available to visitors on weekends and
Down the Lachlan
during peak travel periods. It is also a Sculpture Trail
growing creative and sculpture destination
with the multimillion dollar projects being
driven by the local arts community. To
encourage visitors to travel into the town
centre, clear signage and wayfinding with
consistent branding is a priority. Forbes
also needs a diverse and broad range
of accommodation options for tourists,34 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 35
Our Infrastructure
Identify, plan and provide infrastructure in line with growth
Infrastructure is critical to the proper infrastructure upgrades occur where
functioning and wellbeing of the they are needed is vital to support the Actions
community both now and in the future. It anticipated growth of Forbes. In addition
is important that infrastructure is provided • Investigate demographic
to this, the Agricultural Strategy raised
statistics for various growth
in the right places and at the right time to the need to increase and improve
scenarios to assist in
support our growing community. The first Electricity, Natural Gas and Road Network
infrastructure planning;
step to this is developing various growth Infrastructure throughout the Shire to
• Work with government and
scenarios to aid in identifying the services, support our rural residents and industries.
private agencies to deliver
land and infrastructure that is required
Ensuring future growth is accommodated upgraded telecommunication
to accommodate the forecasted growth
with appropriate infrastructure will be and NBN infrastructure upgrades;
associated with the Special Activation
a collaborative effort with all levels of • Update the Integrated Water
Precinct and other projects in the Shire.
government. A coordinated subregional Cycle Management Plan (IWCM)
The provision of infrastructure to our approach between Forbes and Parkes in addressing infrastructure options
community is a complex process that collaboration with the state and federal to service future growth areas
needs to be completed carefully. Council governments will assist the Shires in within a low, medium and
needs to not only augment existing responding to potential growth and land high growth scenarios whilst
maintaining existing service
local infrastructure to support residential use demand triggered by the SAP.
levels to the current serviced
expansion, but also undertake renewals
areas; and
and upgrades of existing infrastructure to
• Investigate and determine the
maintain the quality of service currently
infrastructure needs for the local
afforded to residents. A coordinated and
community in line with identified
strategic approach will therefore be needed
areas of growth. Prepare a
to ensure infrastructure is provided in
Developer Servicing Plan and
a cost effective manner to meet future
align Council’s Capital Works
growth in the Shire. This will be achieved Program with identified future
in balance by both Council and future infrastructure needs.
developers working concurrently to achieve
• Prepare stormwater studies for
outcomes. Council should predict future Cypress Lane and South Forbes
land use demands and provide appropriate drainage corridors and amend
infrastructure and services to encourage the LEP and DCP as required to
growth in appropriate areas, while implement these studies.
applicants for new developments should
address how infrastructure will be provided
where land is not already serviced.
Lack of telecommunication infrastructure
has been specifically identified as a barrier
for industrial and commercial growth
in the Shire. The NBN network requires
further upgrades to truly support our
Shire, and there are many phone reception
“blackspots” especially in rural areas which
hinder agricultural growth. A coordinated
approach with government and private
agencies to ensure telecommunication36 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 37
Our Transport
Improve and enhance transport connections to improve
access to global markets
Forbes’ position on the Newell Highway To grow these industries in Forbes, Council The National Logistics Hub in Parkes
and the North-South rail corridor makes it must also ensure that transport corridors has led to an increased need for freight,
an ideal location for commercial, industrial are protected. While Newell Highway passenger and private airspace into the
and agricultural industries. The National frontage is highly desirable for new region. Forbes is well placed to provide
Logistics Hub in Parkes will further support industrial and commercial developments, additional airspace for one or all of these
these industries as strong rail and road multiple accesses can hinder the movements, and land use controls should
links from the Hub to Forbes are vital efficiency of highway transport. This can be reviewed to take advantage of the
for their growth. Improved freight and be balanced by working with Transport airports proximity to town, National
logistics connections to the Hub will for NSW to address access concerns at Logistics Hub and adjoining agricultural land.
provide significant supply chain efficiencies, the subdivision or rezoning stage of new
reduce costs and expedite access to global industrial and commercial land releases
markets growing our industries throughout while maintaining desirable highway
the shire. It is expected this growth will frontage and advertisement opportunities
result in population expansion requiring which will support the viability of new Actions
greater provision of infrastructure and developments. The efficient movement of • Ensure land zonings will
increase demand for residential supply and freight requires a strategy that integrates accommodate the investment
community services over the next 20 years. it with the efficient movement of people, and growth in the Shire expected
especially in and around the town centre from infrastructure upgrades;
Forbes benefits from being 5 hours and 3 whilst protecting urban amenity and • Investigate future growth options
hours respectively to Sydney and Canberra freight access. Flint Street is currently for the Forbes Aerodrome and
and there are state level plans to increase listed as a State Road and is open to high ensure land use controls support
B-Double access into Sydney and other numbers of heavy vehicle traffic, limiting any predicted growth including
east coast ports from the Central West. both development opportunities for possible residential uses;
Infrastructure upgrades in the Shire will the area and highway efficiency. This • Investigate how the agricultural
accommodate larger and heavier vehicles, combined with the limitations of the Iron and manufacturing sector can
which will increase the viability of the Bridge means that investigations into leverage inland rail and the
manufacturing industry and support the bypass connectivity on the east side of special activation precinct to
diversification of agriculture by assisting Forbes is warranted. move freight to markets and
these industries reach markets via the ports and action any changes as
shortest and most efficient route possible. Forbes Shire has a strong North-South rail appropriate;
Forbes was isolated for a significant amount corridor with rail sidings throughout the • Upgrade transport routes in
of time during the 2016 floods due to Shire. Access to these sites remain a high rural areas to ensure agricultural
the susceptibility of the Newell Highway priority for Forbes in supporting the grain businesses can reach markets via
to flooding, and significant upgrades are industry, and they may also benefit the the most direct route inline with
required to ensure this doesn’t happen growing manufacturing industry. Land use the Agricultural Strategy
again. Road and bridge upgrades such controls should encourage diversification • Increase flood resilience of the
as the Waroo Bridge upgrade will link the of industry along rail corridors and support Newell Highway.
remote areas of the Shire to the Newell new rail sidings where appropriate.
Highway, and there may be an opportunity
to encourage industrial uses in these
remote areas to limit their impact on
residential land. Subsequent agricultural
and industrial growth from these upgrades
will need to be accommodated in the Local
Environmental Plan and Development
Control Plan.38 THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040
THE FORBES LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING STATEMENT 2040 39
Our Water Responsibilities
Ensure land use planning and water management are
integrated
As Forbes is located along the Lachlan vegetation buffer zones to help protect
River and within an alluvial floodplain it water quality of the Lachlan River. Research
has an abundance of affordable water that
Actions
into this will need to be undertaken as part
makes the Shire an ideal place for industrial of a future land use strategy. The Forbes • Work with stakeholders and
and residential investment. Water scarcity is Agricultural Study recommends that the research best practice water
an emerging issue within the Central West development of new mining and other management to investigate how
and could impact on the viability of various high water-use developments balance land use controls can best ensure
sectors within the region. The reliability of the need to protect water supplies for the efficient use of water in all
the Forbes water source is likely to bring stock and domestic water and agricultural land uses;
new industries to the Shire and also makes uses. Controls to this effect should be • Work with stakeholders to
Forbes intrinsically important to new considered for inclusion into the DCP. investigate appropriate land use
development in neighbouring Shires such controls for Irrigated Agriculture
The Jemalong Irrigation District is a and large Water Storages and
as the Parkes Special Activation Precinct.
strong Irrigation area positioned west of update the LEP and DCP as
Water security is vital for industrial and the Forbes Township. The Shire’s water required;
residential land releases into the future. reliability means that the Jemalong • Implement water infrastructure
A number of infrastructure projects have Irrigation Area is well positioned to supply upgrades as required;
been identified and will be implemented high value agricultural produce, value • Investigate the use of buffer
over the next 20 years to provide water adding and efficient exportation from the zones to protect the Lachlan
security for the Forbes LGA and the region Parkes intermodal hub. This combined with River and mark these within the
including the replacement of the water the raising of Wyangala Dam has given DCP if appropriate; and
treatment plant, duplication of pipelines Jemalong Irrigation Area the opportunity • Update the DCP to include
to bores and water pressure projects. to be a nationally significant irrigation area. matters for consideration in
To ensure water efficiency for new There have been a growing number of the assessment of proposals on
subdivisions, Council should investigate large water storages seeking DA approval Groundwater Vulnerable land
the viability of including stormwater reuse as a result of the increased viability of
in the DCP. irrigated plant agriculture in Forbes,
which are a new type of development
Council’s role as Land Use Managers for the Shire. Council needs to work with
is to ensure that our water sources are stakeholders to identify appropriate land
protected from incompatible uses. Any use controls for our DCP that supports
development with frontage to the Lachlan Irrigated Agriculture while managing land Water security
River or on land identified as Groundwater
Vulnerable should be assessed for
use conflict. is vital for
potential contamination risks. The Local industrial and
Planning for Healthy Waterways using
NSW Water Quality Objectives document
residential land
from the NSW Government recommends releases into
using strategic plans to identify potential the future.You can also read
